CN113091816A - Data acquisition system of graphite carbonization system based on Internet of things - Google Patents
Data acquisition system of graphite carbonization system based on Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- CN113091816A CN113091816A CN202110364715.5A CN202110364715A CN113091816A CN 113091816 A CN113091816 A CN 113091816A CN 202110364715 A CN202110364715 A CN 202110364715A CN 113091816 A CN113091816 A CN 113091816A
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000109 continuous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data acquisition system based on the Internet of things, which comprises a data acquisition module, wherein each group of temperature detection mechanisms comprises 4 temperature measurement probe tubes, 4 infrared thermometers and 4 temperature sensors; the installation mode of each group of temperature detection mechanisms is as follows: 4 mounting holes are arranged on the furnace wall of the graphite carbonization processing furnace; the 4 mounting holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the graphite carbonization processing furnace; a temperature measuring probe tube is inserted into each mounting hole; the inner end of the temperature measuring probe extends into the heating pipe; the outer end of the temperature measuring probe is provided with an infrared thermometer; 4 temperature sensors are also arranged on the furnace wall; the infrared thermometer and the temperature sensor both output temperature signals to the MCU; the data acquisition system based on the Internet of things can realize data acquisition in the whole production process and is easy to implement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is applied to the field of industrial production process control, relates to a data acquisition system of a graphite carbonization system based on the Internet of things, and particularly relates to furnace body temperature data acquisition and temperature sectional control, so that the quality of a product is improved; in addition, accurate quantitative control of feeding and discharging is realized. The whole system realizes automatic control. And related data are uploaded to a server (cloud), so that remote monitoring and monitoring of a mobile phone APP can be realized.
Background
The conventional common graphite carbonization system adopts manual feeding to enter a carbonization furnace to realize carbonization of graphite powder, and the carbonization mode has the following defects:
(1) the production efficiency is low, and the efficiency is low due to the manual propulsion of the carbon boat.
(2) The feeding mechanism occupies a large space, so that the whole graphite carbonization system occupies a large area and has high requirements on environmental factors such as factory buildings.
(3) The limited carbon boat loading also results in low production efficiency and low productivity.
(4) Because the carbon boat and the graphite powder are heated together during heating, the carbon boat consumes a large amount of heat, the energy consumption is high, and the production cost is high.
Moreover, the prior art has low productivity, and the prior yield is 120-; large investment and high energy consumption.
In addition, a semi-automatic graphite carbonization system is provided, and the graphite carbonization system is fed into a furnace body for heating through spiral feeding, and although the mode can improve the productivity, the system still has the characteristics of inconvenient control and the like.
Therefore, there is a need to design a data acquisition system based on the internet of things for a graphite carbonization system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a data acquisition system based on the Internet of things, which can monitor the work of a graphite carbonization system in the whole process. The real-time acquisition of furnace body temperature data and the sectional control of temperature are realized, so that the quality of products is improved; in addition, accurate quantitative control of feeding and discharging is realized, automatic control of the whole system is realized, and production efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a data acquisition system based on the Internet of things is used for data acquisition of a graphite carbonization system; the graphite carbonization system comprises a carbonization furnace; the carbonization furnace is provided with a carbon tube;
the data acquisition system comprises an MCU and a data acquisition module; the data acquisition module is connected with the MCU;
the data acquisition module comprises a temperature detection module and a finished product weight detection module;
the finished product weight detection module is used for detecting the weight of the existing finished product output by the material port;
the temperature detection module is used for acquiring the temperature of the carbon tube and the temperature of the surface of the furnace body;
the temperature detection module comprises 3 groups of temperature detection mechanisms;
each group of temperature detection mechanisms comprises 4 temperature measurement probe tubes, 4 infrared thermometers and 4 temperature sensors;
the installation mode of each group of temperature detection mechanisms is as follows:
4 mounting holes are arranged on the furnace wall of the graphite carbonization processing furnace; the 4 mounting holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the graphite carbonization processing furnace; a temperature measuring probe tube is inserted into each mounting hole; the inner end of the temperature measuring probe extends into the heating pipe; the outer end of the temperature measuring probe is provided with an infrared thermometer; 4 temperature sensors are also arranged on the furnace wall; the infrared thermometer and the temperature sensor both output temperature signals to the MCU;
2 of the 4 temperature measuring probe tubes are main temperature measuring probe tubes, and 2 are standby temperature measuring probe tubes; and 2 of the 4 infrared thermometers are main infrared thermometers, and 2 are standby infrared thermometers, and the measured data are sent to the MCU in a group or are sent to the MCU after average operation.
The carbon tube is a double-layer sleeve, the double-layer sleeve is formed by sleeving an outer tube and an inner tube, the inner wall of the outer tube is provided with a reinforcing layer, and a support is arranged between the outer tube and the inner tube.
The heating pipe is a double-layer heating pipe, and a support for isolation is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. The effect lies in radiant heating, and the heating is more even, and the cooperation heating pipe is rotatory, stirs the carbon powder for the carbon powder is heated the degree of consistency and is higher.
The data acquisition system based on the Internet of things further comprises a camera;
the camera is connected with the MCU.
The carbonization furnace is a cylindrical horizontal furnace, the heating pipe is arranged along the axis of the carbonization furnace, the carbonization furnace and the heating pipe are arranged in an inclined mode relative to the horizontal plane, and the inclination angle is 1-6 degrees.
Preferably, the angle of inclination is 3 or 5 degrees. The graphite can automatically slide to the front end under the action of gravity by the inclined action. The carbon powder at the front end is prevented from being pressed tightly by the hydraulic pushing mechanism, and the carbon powder is convenient to turn over when the heating pipe rotates.
The outside of the furnace body is provided with a water cooling device.
The inner cavity of the carbonization furnace is internally provided with 2 clapboards which are arranged vertical to the heating pipes, the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace is divided into three sub-cavities by the 2 clapboards, the heating pipes are arranged in three sections and correspondingly arranged in the three sub-cavities, and the three sections of heating pipes are connected by heat insulation materials; the insulating material is preferably a ceramic material.
The three sections of heating tubes are respectively powered by three separate inverters.
The front end and the rear end of the carbonization furnace are respectively provided with a bearing, the two ends of the heating pipe are inserted in the 2 bearings, and the front end of the carbonization furnace is provided with a heating pipe driving motor for driving the carbonization furnace. The heating pipe is driven to rotate, and the carbon powder in the heating pipe can be stirred in rotation, so that the heating is uniform, and the carbonization purity is improved.
In the three sub-cavities, the temperature value of the middle section is higher than that of the front end and the rear end. The back section is a preheating section, the middle section is a high-temperature carbonization section, and the front end is a heating-down section. High thermal efficiency and no heat loss. And the temperature of the output carbon powder is lower.
The MCU is a singlechip or DSP.
The MCU uploads the field parameters to the cloud server through the wireless communication module;
the data acquisition system comprises a touch display screen and a wireless communication module; the touch display screen and the wireless communication module are connected with the MCU; the data acquisition module comprises a temperature detection module and a finished product weight detection module; the output port of the MCU is also connected with a heating pipe driving motor, a stepping motor for driving the spiral discharging mechanism and an inverter for heating the heating pipe; the data acquisition system based on the Internet of things is used for monitoring the graphite carbonization processing process, and the heating pipe is positioned in the carbonization furnace; the spiral discharging mechanism is positioned at the discharging end of the carbonization furnace, and the heating pipe driving motor is used for driving the heating pipe to rotate; the temperature detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the heating pipe, and the wireless communication modules are 3G, 4G and 5G communication modules; and the data acquisition system based on the Internet of things is used for monitoring the working process of the graphite carbonization system.
The method is used for accessing the cloud server through the mobile phone APP to achieve remote monitoring.
And a coded disc is arranged on a rotating shaft of the motor and used for detecting the rotating speed.
The MCU is a PLC, a DSP or a singlechip.
Has the advantages that:
the data acquisition system based on the Internet of things has the following characteristics:
the data monitoring characteristics are as follows:
(1) the temperature detection is carried out by adopting the temperature detection probe, and the infrared thermometer and the temperature sensor are adopted to transmit temperature signals, so that real-time parameters in the production process are facilitated.
(2) The feeding and the discharging are collected in real time, the accurate quantitative control is realized, and the whole system realizes the automatic control.
(3) And related data are uploaded to a server (cloud), so that remote monitoring and monitoring of a mobile phone APP can be realized.
(II) the furnace body and the heating pipe are characterized in that:
(1) the structure of a double-layer heating pipe with an inner pipe and an outer pipe is adopted;
the outer pipe (heating pipe) is not in direct contact with the inner pipe and has a hollow layer, so that the heat generated by the outer pipe (heating pipe) passes through
The radiation is reflected and transmitted to the inner tube instead of being directly transmitted, so that the temperature in the inner tube can be ensured to be uniform, a uniform and stable temperature field is formed in the inner tube, and the quality stability of graphite carbonization can be ensured.
(2) A support ring is arranged between the appearance and the inner pipe
The support ring is made of porcelain or other materials which are not beneficial to heat conduction, such as asbestos and the like, so that heat conduction can be prevented, the inner pipe can be supported, the inner pipe and the outer pipe are prevented from being too close to each other, and the support rings are multiple, so that uniform intervals are formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe.
(3) The furnace body is obliquely arranged, and the carbon tube is driven by the motor to rotate;
is beneficial to discharging and the carbon powder turns in the carbon tube, thereby being heated more uniformly and improving the purity, which is the core of the invention.
(II) the discharging device has the following characteristics:
(1) scientific and reasonable structural layout
The lower end of the discharge pipe is provided with a flow control device based on a spiral propelling mechanism, and the lower part of the discharge pipe is provided with an automatic material receiving device, so that the structure is compact, and the layout is reasonable.
(2) Can flexibly adjust the flow
Through screw propulsion mechanism functioning speed, can control ejection of compact speed, in addition, because the export sets up weighing sensor (being weighing sensor), can implement the finished product weight that detects the material mouth.
(3) Others
The backlight of the display screen is adjusted through the backlight adjusting circuit, and the remote monitoring is achieved through the communication module and the remote monitoring platform. And setting parameters through a touch display screen, and checking related parameters. The transmitting pipe and the receiving pipe are used for detecting whether the blanking pipe is aligned with the material receiving box or not, when the transmitting pipe is aligned with the receiving pipe, the blanking pipe is close to be aligned with the material receiving box, and then the transmission belt is controlled to run for a fixed distance, so that material can be received. The discharge gate is opened towards the side, and the bottom of discharge gate is equipped with pressure sensor for the finished product quality of response accumulation, and pressure sensor (weight sensor) links to each other with MCU, and concrete circuit is current mature technique.
(III) the hydraulic pushing device has the following advantages:
(1) and a hydraulic material pushing mechanism is adopted to realize continuous material pushing. Moreover, the speed is controllable.
(2) Have stirring drop feed mechanism in the hopper, can prevent that graphite raw materials from blockking up, ensure that production is stable goes on.
In conclusion, the hydraulic pushing device can ensure continuous and stable uninterrupted feeding of the system, is easy to control, and is beneficial to ensuring the carbonization quality of graphite.
In conclusion, the graphite carbonization system corresponding to the monitoring terminal is compact in structure, and can keep uniform temperature by adopting an inner-outer double-tube structure, so that the quality of graphite carbonization is guaranteed.
(IV) the furnace body cooling device for the graphite carbonization system has the following characteristics:
(1) controlling the temperature of the outer wall of the furnace based on a closed loop;
the cooling and heat dissipation are carried out on the outer wall of the furnace body as soon as possible, and the damage to external equipment and personnel is avoided.
When the temperature is too high, the frequency of the frequency converter is increased, or more water pumps are put into operation, so that the purpose of remarkably reducing the temperature is achieved. The specific control strategy and the implementation method thereof are the prior art, such as the implementation by a digital PID controller. The outer wall of the water cooling cavity is provided with 4 temperature sensors and is uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the processing furnace.
The temperature is detected by adopting a plurality of temperature sensors, so that redundant detection can be realized, and the detection reliability is higher.
(2) Waste heat utilization
The carbon powder is preheated by using the waste heat, so that the moisture in the carbon powder is volatilized as soon as possible, a certain dryness is kept, and the final quality of the carbon powder (graphite) spring is particularly ensured.
(3) The temperature outside the furnace body is measured by adopting the amplifying circuit with variable amplification factor, the use is flexible and convenient, and the precision is high.
The furnace body cooling device for the graphite carbonization system can work stably, has high reliability, is favorable for ensuring the long-term use of the furnace body, is favorable for ensuring the production quality, and is suitable for popularization and implementation.
In conclusion, the graphite carbonization treatment scheme has the advantages of rich functions, compact structure, high automation degree, stable production, high reliability and easy implementation.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a graphite carbonization furnace;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heating tube;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the inner tube and the support ring;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a support ring structure;
FIG. 5 is an electrical block diagram of a graphite purification system;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an inclined carbonization furnace;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a feeding propulsion mechanism;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the discharging and automatic transfer device;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a control circuit of the discharging device;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a backlight circuit;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the cooling apparatus;
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a feed preheat tank;
FIG. 13 is an electrical schematic block diagram of a cooling circuit;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an amplifying circuit;
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature measurement module.
Description of reference numerals: 1-a carbonization furnace, 2-a feeding device, 3-a discharging device and 4-a hopper;
11-heating pipe, 12-furnace inlet, 13-furnace outlet, 111-heating pipe body, 112-metal reinforcing layer; 113-support ring, 114-inner tube, 115-ring, 116-bulge.
14-furnace wall, 15-main temperature measuring heating pipe, 16-main infrared thermometer, 17-standby carbon temperature measuring pipe, 18-standby infrared thermometer and 19-temperature sensor.
21-a screw propeller, 51-a propeller shaft, 52-a driven synchronous wheel, 53-a synchronous belt, 54-a stepping motor, 55-a motor base and 56-a driving synchronous wheel;
61-a water cooling cavity, 62-a water inlet, 63-a water outlet, 64-a water pipe, 65-a raw material preheating tank, 66-a material lifting mechanism, 67-a water tank, 68-a water pump and 69-a carbon powder raw material.
721-material receiving box, 722-conveying belt, 723-discharge port, 73-receiving pipe and 79-transmitting pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
example 1:
as shown in fig. 5, the data acquisition system is used for data acquisition of the graphite carbonization system; the graphite carbonization system comprises a carbonization furnace; the carbonization furnace is provided with a carbon tube; the data acquisition system comprises an MCU and a data acquisition module; the data acquisition module is connected with the MCU; the data acquisition module comprises a temperature detection module and a finished product weight detection module; the finished product weight detection module is used for detecting the weight of the existing finished product output by the material port; the temperature detection module is used for acquiring the temperature of the carbon tube and the temperature of the surface of the furnace body; the temperature detection module comprises 3 groups of temperature detection mechanisms; each group of temperature detection mechanisms comprises 4 temperature measurement probe tubes, 4 infrared thermometers and 4 temperature sensors;
the installation mode of each group of temperature detection mechanisms is as follows:
4 mounting holes are arranged on the furnace wall of the graphite carbonization processing furnace; the 4 mounting holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the graphite carbonization processing furnace; a temperature measuring probe tube is inserted into each mounting hole; the inner end of the temperature measuring probe extends into the heating pipe; the outer end of the temperature measuring probe is provided with an infrared thermometer; 4 temperature sensors are also arranged on the furnace wall; the infrared thermometer and the temperature sensor both output temperature signals to the MCU; 2 of the 4 temperature measuring probe tubes are main temperature measuring probe tubes, and 2 are standby temperature measuring probe tubes; and 2 of the 4 infrared thermometers are main infrared thermometers, and 2 are standby infrared thermometers, and the measured data are sent to the MCU in a group or are sent to the MCU after average operation.
The data acquisition system comprises a touch display screen and a wireless communication module; the touch display screen and the wireless communication module are connected with the MCU; the data acquisition module comprises a temperature detection module and a finished product weight detection module; the output port of the MCU is also connected with a heating pipe driving motor, a stepping motor for driving the spiral discharging mechanism and an inverter for heating the heating pipe; the data acquisition system based on the Internet of things is used for monitoring the graphite carbonization processing process, and the heating pipe is positioned in the carbonization furnace; the spiral discharging mechanism is positioned at the discharging end of the carbonization furnace, and the heating pipe driving motor is used for driving the heating pipe to rotate; the temperature detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the heating pipe, and the wireless communication modules are 3G, 4G and 5G communication modules; and the data acquisition system based on the Internet of things is used for monitoring the working process of the graphite carbonization system.
The temperature detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the heating pipe, and the finished product weight detection module is used for detecting the weight of the existing finished product output by the material port;
the wireless communication module is a 3G, 4G or 5G communication module.
And the data acquisition system based on the Internet of things is used for monitoring the working process of the graphite carbonization system.
The core of the graphite carbonization system is a carbonization furnace;
the graphite carbonization system comprises a furnace body, a feeding device and a discharging device; the furnace body adopts a horizontal furnace body, the feeding device is arranged at the rear end of the furnace body, and the discharging device is arranged at the front end of the furnace body; the feeding device is provided with a hydraulic pushing device;
description of the structure of the heating tube
A heating pipe is arranged in the furnace body; the heating pipe comprises a heating pipe 11, an inner pipe 114 and a support ring 113; the inner pipe is inserted in the heating pipe; the number of the supporting rings is at least 2; the support ring is arranged between the inner pipe and the heating pipe and sleeved on the inner pipe; the supporting tube comprises a ring body 115 and 3 protrusions 116 positioned on the outer wall of the ring body, wherein the ring body is an annular part; the number of the support rings is 3-5, and the support rings are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the inner pipe; the inner wall of the outer tube is provided with a metal reinforcing layer 112; the outer end of the bulge is a circular arc surface. Each support ring is provided with 3 bulges; the 3 bulges are equally distributed along the circumference. The thickness of the metal reinforcing layer is 2.5 mm.
(II) feeding control: pushing mechanism
The feeding control device is a hydraulic pushing mechanism; the hydraulic cylinder acts periodically, and carbon powder leaked from the hopper is pushed into the furnace body through the plunger.
(III) furnace body temperature control device and water cooling device
The furnace body temperature control device comprises a temperature measurement probe, an infrared thermometer and a current transformation module; the temperature measurement probe tube is used for leading out heat in the furnace body, and the temperature value output by the infrared thermometer is connected with the ADC end of the MCU; the current transformation module is controlled by the MCU; the heating pipe 11 is arranged in the graphite carbonization processing furnace along the central axis of the graphite carbonization processing furnace, and is a double-layer heating pipe; 4 mounting holes are arranged on the furnace wall of the graphite carbonization processing furnace; the 4 mounting holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the graphite carbonization processing furnace; a temperature measuring probe tube 15 is inserted into each mounting hole; the inner end of the temperature measuring probe extends into the heating pipe; the outer end of the temperature measuring probe is provided with an infrared thermometer 16; the furnace wall is also provided with 4 temperature sensors 19; the infrared thermometer and the temperature sensor both output temperature signals to the MCU; the water cooling module and the converter module are connected with the MCU; the water cooling module comprises a water pump and a circulating water cooling pipe network, and the converter module comprises a rectifier and an inverter. The total number of the temperature measuring mechanisms is 3, each sub-cavity is provided with one temperature measuring mechanism, and each temperature measuring mechanism comprises 2 main temperature measuring probe tubes, 2 standby temperature measuring probe tubes, 2 main infrared thermometers, 2 standby main infrared thermometers and 4 temperature sensors;
the furnace body temperature control device also comprises a water cooling control device; the water cooling control device comprises a temperature detection module, an amplification circuit, a frequency converter and a water pump; the temperature detection module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors, and the temperature sensors are connected with an ADC (analog to digital converter) interface of the MCU through an amplifying circuit; the frequency converter is controlled by the MCU and used for driving the water pump; 3 water pumps are arranged in parallel; each water pump is driven by an independent frequency converter; the outer wall of the carbonization furnace is provided with a water cooling cavity; the top and the bottom of the water-cooling cavity are respectively provided with a water outlet 63 and a water inlet 62; the water inlet is connected with a water tank for storing cooling water through a water pump 68 and a water pipe 64; the water outlet is connected with a raw material preheating tank through a water pipe, and the raw material preheating tank is connected with a water tank through a water pipe; the temperature sensors are arranged on the outer walls of the water cooling cavity and the raw material preheating groove.
Referring to fig. 11 to 13, a furnace body cooling device for a graphite carbonization system comprises a water tank, a water pump, a water cooling cavity and a raw material preheating tank;
the raw material preheating tank is used for containing carbon powder raw materials; the bottom and the side wall of the raw material preheating groove are provided with cavities; hot water flows through the cavity, so that the carbon powder raw material can be dried;
the water cooling cavity is positioned on the outer wall of the carbonization furnace; the top and the bottom of the water cooling cavity are respectively provided with a water outlet and a water inlet; the water inlet is connected with the water tank through a water pump and a water pipe; the water outlet is connected with a raw material preheating tank through a water pipe, and the raw material preheating tank is connected with a water tank through a water pipe;
3 water pumps are arranged in parallel; each water pump is driven by an independent frequency converter.
Temperature sensors are arranged on the outer walls of the water cooling cavity and the raw material preheating groove; the temperature sensor is connected with an ADC interface of the MCU through an amplifying circuit, and the frequency converter is controlled by the MCU.
The outer wall of the water cooling cavity is provided with a plurality of temperature sensors.
The graphite carbonization system is provided with a hopper, and a slope type material lifting mechanism is arranged between the raw material preheating tank and the hopper.
The material lifting mechanism is a synchronous belt type conveying mechanism.
A temperature control circuit:
the furnace body cooling control circuit for the graphite carbonization system comprises an MCU, a temperature detection module, an amplification circuit, a touch display screen, a frequency converter and a water pump; the temperature detection module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors, and the temperature sensors are connected with an ADC (analog to digital converter) interface of the MCU through an amplifying circuit; the frequency converter is controlled by the MCU and used for driving the water pump; 3 water pumps are arranged in parallel; each water pump is driven by an independent frequency converter; the touch display screen is connected with the MCU; the amplifying circuit is an amplifying circuit with adjustable amplification factor, and the temperature sensor is a thermocouple. The MCU is a singlechip, a DSP or a PLC processor. The MCU is also connected with a touch display screen and a wireless communication module; the wireless communication module is a 3G, 4G or 5G communication module.
(IV) discharging device
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the discharging control device includes an alignment control module, a discharging control module, and a conveyor belt control module; the alignment control module comprises a transmitting tube and a receiving tube which are connected with the IO port of the MCU; the touch display screen is connected with the MCU; the blanking control module comprises a spiral pushing mechanism; the MCU drives the spiral supporting and conveying mechanism to work through the stepping motor, and pushes the materials out of the discharge hole at the side part; the motor is controlled by the MCU; the transmitting pipes are arranged on the conveying belt, and the receiving pipes are arranged on the straight sections of the discharging pipes. The transmitting pipe and the receiving pipe are used for detecting whether the blanking pipe is aligned with the material receiving box or not, when the transmitting pipe is aligned with the receiving pipe, the blanking pipe is close to be aligned with the material receiving box, and then the transmission belt is controlled to run for a fixed distance, so that material can be received.
(V) processing furnace
Referring to fig. 6, the furnace body is arranged obliquely, the carbonization furnace is a cylindrical horizontal furnace, the heating pipe is arranged along the axis of the carbonization furnace, and the carbonization furnace and the heating pipe are arranged obliquely relative to the horizontal plane at an inclination angle of 3 or 5 degrees. The graphite can automatically slide to the front end under the action of gravity by the inclined action. The carbon powder at the front end is prevented from being pressed tightly by the hydraulic pushing mechanism, and the carbon powder is convenient to turn over when the heating pipe rotates. The front end and the rear end of the carbonization furnace are respectively provided with a bearing, the two ends of the heating pipe are inserted in the 2 bearings, and the front end of the carbonization furnace is provided with a heating pipe driving motor for driving the carbonization furnace. The heating pipe is driven to rotate, and the carbon powder in the heating pipe can be stirred in rotation, so that the heating is uniform, and the carbonization purity is improved. The inner cavity of the carbonization furnace is internally provided with 2 clapboards which are arranged vertical to the heating pipes, the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace is divided into three sub-cavities by the 2 clapboards, the heating pipes are arranged in three sections and correspondingly arranged in the three sub-cavities, and the three sections of heating pipes are connected by heat insulation materials; the insulating material is preferably a ceramic material. The three sections of heating tubes are respectively powered by three separate inverters. In the three sub-cavities, the temperature value of the middle section is higher than that of the front end and the rear end. The back section is a preheating section, the middle section is a high-temperature carbonization section, and the front end is a heating-down section. High thermal efficiency and no heat loss. And the temperature of the output carbon powder is lower. The heating pipe is a double-layer heating pipe, and a support for isolation is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. The effect lies in radiant heating, and the heating is more even, and the cooperation heating pipe is rotatory, stirs the carbon powder for the carbon powder is heated the degree of consistency and is higher. The MCU uploads the field parameters to the cloud server through the wireless communication module, and the heating pipe is a carbon pipe. The method is used for accessing the cloud server through the mobile phone APP to achieve remote monitoring. And a coded disc is arranged on a rotating shaft of the motor and used for detecting the rotating speed.
Referring to fig. 10, the backlight adjusting circuit includes an LED string, a triode, a potentiometer Rx and an a/D converter; the triode is an NPN type triode; a knob switch is arranged on the control box and is coaxially connected with the potentiometer Rx; the front side of the control box is a touch display screen, a circuit board is arranged in the control box, and an MCU is arranged on the circuit board;
the potentiometer Rx and the first resistor R1 are connected in series to form a voltage division branch, one end of the voltage division branch is connected with the positive electrode Vcc of the power supply, and the other end of the voltage division branch is grounded; the connection point of the potentiometer Rx and the first resistor R1 is connected with the input end of the A/D converter; the output end of the A/D converter is connected with the data input port of the MCU;
the LED lamp string comprises a plurality of LED lamps which are connected in series; the anode of the LED lamp string is connected with the anode Vcc of the power supply; the negative electrode of the LED lamp string is connected with the C electrode of the triode, and the E electrode of the triode is grounded through a second resistor R2; the B pole of the triode is connected with the output end of the MCU. The power supply positive pole Vcc is 5V, and the A/D converter is an 8-bit serial output type converter.
The MCU is also connected with a wireless communication module.
The MCU is a PLC, a DSP or a singlechip.
As shown in fig. 5, the MCU is a main control module, first, the temperature detection module is used to detect the temperature in the furnace body, and the temperature data is sent to the MCU; the backlight brightness adjusting circuit refers to a backlight brightness adjusting circuit of a touch screen and is a mature technology in the prior art. The touch display screen is connected with the MCU and used for displaying state data or setting parameters. The alternating current is converted into direct current after passing through the rectifier, and is subjected to voltage regulation through the inverter to heat the heating pipe; the MCU outputs pulses to control the inverter to work, and the specific technology is the existing mature technology. The MCU outputs a state signal to the monitoring center through the wireless communication module (such as a 3G, 4G and 5G module) to realize remote monitoring. The alarm module is used for providing high-temperature alarm and the like. The step motor is used for controlling the feeding speed of the feeding mechanism, and the stirring motor is used for controlling the blanking speed.
As shown in fig. 14, the amplifier with adjustable amplification factor comprises an operational amplifier U1 and a multi-way switch U2; the multi-way switch U2 is a one-out-of-four selector;
the output end Vin of the temperature sensor (or the weight sensor) is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 through a resistor R0; the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded through a resistor R06, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is also connected with 4 input channels of a four-in-one selector through 4 resistors R01-R04 respectively, the output channel of the four-in-one selector is connected with the output end Vout of the operational amplifier U1, and the Vout is connected with the ADC end of the MCU;
2 output ports of the MCU are respectively connected with channel selection ends A and B of the one-out-of-four selector;
the operational amplifier U1 employs an LM358 device.
Calculation formula of Vout and Vin:
vout ═ Vin, (Rx + R0)/R0; wherein Rx ═ R01, R02, R03, or R04; determining which resistance to select based on the gate terminal AB; and R01, R02, R03 and R04 are each different; preferred R04-5-R03-25-R02-100-R01; r01-5 × R0. The switching between measuring range and precision can be conveniently realized.
(VI) a purification method:
step 1: blanking and pushing;
pushing the carbon powder raw material into a double-layer heating pipe of the horizontal graphite carbonization furnace along a horizontal feeding pipe by adopting a blanking mechanism (a hopper with a stirring mechanism) and a hydraulic pushing mechanism;
step 2: high-temperature carbonization;
carbon powder is heated in a double-layer heating pipe of the horizontal graphite carbonization furnace;
and step 3: discharging;
the heated carbon powder is sent to a container from a discharge pipe of the horizontal graphite carbonization furnace through a discharging mechanism.
The specific heating temperature, the material pushing progress and the like are set as the existing mature technology.
Claims (10)
1. A data acquisition system based on the Internet of things is characterized in that the data acquisition system is used for data acquisition of a graphite carbonization system; the graphite carbonization system comprises a carbonization furnace; the carbonization furnace is provided with a carbon tube;
the data acquisition system comprises an MCU and a data acquisition module; the data acquisition module is connected with the MCU;
the data acquisition module comprises a temperature detection module and a finished product weight detection module;
the finished product weight detection module is used for detecting the weight of the existing finished product output by the material port;
the temperature detection module is used for acquiring the temperature of the carbon tube and the temperature of the surface of the furnace body;
the temperature detection module comprises 3 groups of temperature detection mechanisms;
each group of temperature detection mechanisms comprises 4 temperature measurement probe tubes, 4 infrared thermometers and 4 temperature sensors;
the installation mode of each group of temperature detection mechanisms is as follows:
4 mounting holes are arranged on the furnace wall of the graphite carbonization processing furnace; the 4 mounting holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the graphite carbonization processing furnace; a temperature measuring probe tube is inserted into each mounting hole; the inner end of the temperature measuring probe extends into the heating pipe; the outer end of the temperature measuring probe is provided with an infrared thermometer; 4 temperature sensors are also arranged on the furnace wall; the infrared thermometer and the temperature sensor both output temperature signals to the MCU.
2. The data acquisition system based on the internet of things of claim 1, wherein the carbon tube is a double-layer sleeve, the double-layer sleeve is formed by sleeving an outer tube and an inner tube, a reinforcing layer is arranged on the inner wall of the outer tube, and a support is arranged between the outer tube and the inner tube.
3. The internet of things-based data acquisition system of claim 1, further comprising a camera; the camera is connected with the MCU.
4. The data acquisition system based on the Internet of things of claim 3, wherein the carbonization furnace is a cylindrical horizontal furnace, the heating pipe is arranged along the axis of the carbonization furnace, and the carbonization furnace and the heating pipe are arranged in an inclined mode relative to the horizontal plane, and the inclined angle is 1-6 degrees.
5. The data acquisition system based on the Internet of things of claim 3 is characterized in that a water cooling device is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body.
6. The data acquisition system based on the Internet of things as claimed in claim 3, wherein 2 partition plates are arranged in the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace and are perpendicular to the heating pipes, the 2 partition plates divide the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace into three sub-cavities, the heating pipes are arranged in three sections and are correspondingly arranged in the three sub-cavities, and the three sections of heating pipes are connected by heat insulation materials; the three sections of heating tubes are respectively powered by three separate inverters.
The front end and the rear end of the carbonization furnace are respectively provided with a bearing, the two ends of the heating pipe are inserted in the 2 bearings, and the front end of the carbonization furnace is provided with a heating pipe driving motor for driving the carbonization furnace.
7. The internet of things-based data acquisition system of claim 6, wherein in the three sub-cavities, the temperature value of the middle section is higher than the temperature values of the front end and the rear end.
8. The data acquisition system based on the internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MCU is a single chip microcomputer or a DSP.
9. The internet of things-based data acquisition system of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the MCU uploads field parameters to the cloud server through the wireless communication module;
the data acquisition system comprises a touch display screen and a wireless communication module; the touch display screen and the wireless communication module are connected with the MCU; the data acquisition module comprises a temperature detection module and a finished product weight detection module; the output port of the MCU is also connected with a heating pipe driving motor, a stepping motor for driving the spiral discharging mechanism and an inverter for heating the heating pipe; the data acquisition system based on the Internet of things is used for monitoring the graphite carbonization processing process, and the heating pipe is positioned in the carbonization furnace; the spiral discharging mechanism is positioned at the discharging end of the carbonization furnace, and the heating pipe driving motor is used for driving the heating pipe to rotate; the temperature detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the heating pipe, and the wireless communication modules are 3G, 4G and 5G communication modules; and the data acquisition system based on the Internet of things is used for monitoring the working process of the graphite carbonization system.
10. The internet of things-based data acquisition system of claim 9, wherein the system is used for accessing the cloud server through the mobile phone APP to realize remote monitoring.
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Application publication date: 20210709 |