CN113091541B - Low-vibration blasting diaphragm wall dismantling construction method - Google Patents
Low-vibration blasting diaphragm wall dismantling construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113091541B CN113091541B CN202110397548.4A CN202110397548A CN113091541B CN 113091541 B CN113091541 B CN 113091541B CN 202110397548 A CN202110397548 A CN 202110397548A CN 113091541 B CN113091541 B CN 113091541B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/08—Wrecking of buildings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
- F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
- F42D1/05—Electric circuits for blasting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/02—Particular applications of blasting techniques for demolition of tall structures, e.g. chimney stacks
Abstract
The invention relates to subway construction, in particular to a construction method for demolishing a diaphragm wall by low-vibration blasting; the method comprises the following steps: (1) designing a blasting scheme and preparing construction; (2) building a working platform; (3) drilling, cleaning and checking holes; (4) Filling the explosive after the explosive body is manufactured, and performing blocking work after the explosive is filled; (5) Laying a blasting network, connecting a detonating tube detonating network, checking the detonating network, and performing safety protection and warning; (6) detonating after warning, and checking a blind shot after blasting; (7) digging soil on the outer side of the underground diaphragm wall body, cutting the reinforcing steel bars and removing slag; the method has high construction efficiency and short construction period, compared with the conventional method, the blasting work can be completed before the excavation of the earthwork at the outer side of the diaphragm wall, only slag and cutting reinforcing steel bars need to be processed in the excavation process, the concrete crushing time is saved, and the construction period is shortened to a great extent; the vibration is controllable, and the safety and the reliability are realized; the overall cost is low, and the steel bars in the wall body are easy to recover.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to subway construction, in particular to a low-vibration blasting diaphragm wall dismantling construction method.
Background
In the construction of a subway station, in order to ensure that the construction site is often limited due to temporary traffic, a station main body and an attached structure are often constructed in stages, and when the two-stage structure main body is connected, a temporary enclosure structure during the previous stage of structure construction needs to be dismantled. The diaphragm wall is used as a common enclosure structure of a subway station, has the characteristics of high rigidity and good integrity, but the characteristic also causes the difficulty in dismantling the diaphragm wall, high cost and long time consumption. The construction method for dismantling the diaphragm wall usually adopts a manual work and a mechanical work to dismantle reinforced concrete or uses a rope saw to cut, wherein the former has the defects of long time consumption and large vibration, and the latter has the defect of high manufacturing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a construction method for demolishing the diaphragm wall by low vibration blasting, combines the actual construction condition and the construction characteristics of smooth blasting, and provides a construction method for demolishing the underground diaphragm wall by low vibration and protective blasting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: 1. a low-vibration blasting diaphragm wall demolition construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Designing a blasting scheme and preparing construction, wherein arrangement modes and number of main blast holes, cut holes, buffer blast holes and light blasting blast holes are respectively designed, the horizontal wedge-shaped cut holes are formed in the middle of the crushing blasting wall, a row of light blasting or presplitting is drilled on the protective blasting wall, and a row of buffer holes are drilled between the crushing blasting wall and the protective blasting wall; the blasting adopts a sectional millisecond detonating tube, the blasting sequence is from top to bottom, namely from a negative layer to a negative layer, the middle cut → a main blast hole → a buffer hole → a light blast hole is divided into sections and blocks by adopting the principle of 'more holes and less powder charge';
(2) Building a working platform, drilling and charging by using a lifting trolley, and building a drilling and charging working platform by using a scaffold for individual section buildings;
(3) Drilling, cleaning and checking holes;
(4) (4) preparing water-resistant emulsion explosive, a detonator, a detonating tube and a lead, preparing a detonating body, charging, and performing blocking work after charging;
(5) Laying a blasting network, connecting a detonating tube detonating network, checking the detonating network, and performing safety protection and warning;
(6) Detonating after warning, and checking a blind gun after blasting;
(7) Digging soil outside the underground diaphragm wall, cutting the steel bars and removing slag.
Further, in the step (1), on the premise that the hole depth L & gt W is ensured, the bottom of the wall has no empty surface, and L & gt (0.7-0.8) H is taken, wherein L is the hole depth, W is the minimum resistant line, and H is the thickness of the wall to be removed; a continuous or layered charge structure is adopted; a compound initiation mode of a non-electric detonator and an electric detonator is adopted, and a multi-loop compound network is adopted, namely, a explosive packet is initiated by an initiation detonator, and the initiation detonator adopts a group parallel network and is initiated by the electric detonator; through blasting safety design, calculation guarantees that blasting vibrations can not cause the influence to the protection target, simultaneously through calculating flying stone safe distance, takes the parcel to cover, makes flying stone control in effective range.
And (3) further, the drilling in the step (3) is horizontal drilling, the holes are inspected to check whether the distance, the row spacing and the hole depth of the blast holes meet the design requirements, whether sundries exist in the blast holes or not is checked, the blast holes are cleaned in time after the sundries are found, all the blast holes are marked, and the number, the detonator section and the explosive loading of each hole are noted.
Further, loess is selected as filler for plugging after the powder charging in the step (4), stemming plugging is carried out, the stemming is tamped by a wooden stick, and the stemming is filled until the hole opening is level.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the construction efficiency is high, and the time limit for a project is short, for conventional way, blasting work can be accomplished before the excavation of the earth outside the diaphragm wall, only need handle the disintegrating slag and cut the reinforcing bar among the excavation process, has removed concrete crushing time from to constructor's professional strong, efficient, reduced the input time of equipment personnel, do not have the construction intermittence, to a great extent the time limit for a project has been shortened.
The blasting design is carried out in a partitioning and blocking mode by adopting the principle of 'multiple holes distribution and less explosive loading', the calculation of vibration and flying stones is included in the design calculation, the influence of construction on the surrounding environment is reduced to the minimum and the vibration is in a reasonable range through theoretical calculation, and compared with a mechanical dismantling scheme of a crushing gun, the vibration can be controlled through a hole distribution mode and the explosive loading amount.
3. The overall cost is low, the steel bars in the wall body are easy to recover, the comprehensive cost of the blasting method is lower than that of the traditional method, and the blasting can separate the steel bars in the underground diaphragm wall from concrete, so that compared with the traditional method, the blasting method can recover the steel bars in the underground diaphragm wall, and further reduce the overall cost.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic of the continuous charge configuration of example 1.
Figure 2 is a structure of a layered charge of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the demolition scheme of the blasting of the underground diaphragm wall in example 1.
Fig. 4 is a layout view of the demolition blastholes of the wall-connected blasting in example 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a detonator network of example 1.
The figures are labeled as follows:
1-blocking part, 2-explosive, 3-millisecond detonating tube and 4-concrete.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, for example, the construction method for dismantling the diaphragm wall by low-vibration blasting is adopted by taking the construction method for dismantling the diaphragm wall in the T-shaped transfer station promoted in yang street as an example of the synchronous construction of the number 2 line and the number 3 line of the original urban rail transit.
The jin yang street station is a T-shaped transfer station constructed by a 2 # line and a 3 # line of the Taiyuan urban rail transit at the same time and is positioned at the intersection of the Changzhi road and the jin yang street, the 2 # line station is arranged along the south-north direction of the Changzhi road, and the 3 # line is arranged along the east-west direction of the jin yang street at the east side of the intersection. The length of the transfer node between the No. 2 line and the No. 3 line is 28.6m, the width of the transfer node is 23.1m, the main structure is of a three-layer structure, the depth of a foundation pit is 27.9m, the thickness of top plate soil covering is 5.5m, when the first layer and the second layer of the transfer node are connected with the south portion and the north portion of the No. 2 line which are constructed, a ground connecting wall of an original construction enclosure structure needs to be removed, the thickness of the ground connecting wall is 0.8m, the height of the ground connecting wall needs to be 13.54m on the south side and 14.89m on the north side, the width of the foundation pit needs to be 23.1m, and the square amount of reinforced concrete for removing the two walls is 525.4 square. The continuous wall reinforcement with the thickness of 800mm is thick and dense, wherein the main reinforcement is phi 32@240mm, and has a plurality of constructional reinforcements such as tie bars, oblique reinforcements and the like, and the concrete has a higher grade and the strength of C35.
The surrounding environment of the explosion area:
the blasting point is below 5 meters underground, is positioned at the intersection of the long road and the Jinyang street and is 20-25 meters away from the ground building.
In order to reduce the influence on the structure and the periphery, a feasible dismantling construction scheme must be selected. Through a relatively common reinforced concrete dismantling construction process, a blasting method of subsection differential delay is finally selected for dismantling in different areas (from a negative layer to a negative layer) according to the sequence of a middle undermining, a main shot hole, a buffer hole and a light blasting hole.
1. Blasting scheme design and construction preparation
(1) The row spacing, the hole depth and the blast hole direction are very important for ensuring the blasting effect. Adopting a horizontal blast hole, ensuring that the bottom has no empty surface on the premise that L is more than TsW, and taking L = (0.7-0.8) H, wherein L is the hole depth, W is the minimum resistant line, and H is the thickness of a wall to be demolished; the unit consumption of explosive is determined by various factors such as concrete strength, section reinforcing condition, the number of free faces, the environment of an explosion area, the crushing degree, the type of blast holes and the like.
Table 1 blasting design parameter table
TABLE 2 blasting parameter table for conjoined wall
(2) Arrangement diagram of blast holes
According to the characteristics of the exploded structure, a continuous double-layer (layered) charging structure is adopted for reasonably distributing explosive energy. The charge configuration is shown in figures 1 and 2. The burst demolition scheme for the diaphragm wall is shown in fig. 3. The arrangement diagram of the blasting demolition blastholes of the diaphragm wall is shown in figure 4.
(3) Detonation mode and detonation network
The feature of the blasting structure determines the arrangement and dispersion of the blasting holes, the number of the blasting holes is large, in order to ensure accurate blasting, a non-electric detonator and electric detonator compound blasting mode is adopted, and a multi-loop composite network is adopted, namely, a explosive package is blasted by a blasting detonator, and a detonating tube is detonated by an electric detonator by a group parallel network. The detonator network is shown in figure 4,
(4) Safety design of blasting
And (3) vibration calculation:
V＝k(Q 1/3 /R) α ＝250(5 1/3 /20) 2 ＝250×0.0073＝1.8cm/s﹤V an 3.0cm/s. The blasting vibration does not affect the protection target.
Checking and calculating the safety distance of the flying stones:
L fly away 70 × K × 0.58=70 × 0.7 × 0.58=70 × 0.813=56.91m. The flyrock can be controlled within an effective range after being covered by the adopted package.
(5) Before blasting construction, a project department establishes a work group, a cooperative owner, a supervision and other related units to investigate on the spot, and makes a targeted protective measure to blame for people; setting up a warning area and making peripheral notification work.
2. Drilling and charging are carried out by using a lifting trolley, and a drilling and charging working platform is built by using scaffolds for individual section buildings.
3. Drilling, cleaning and checking holes;
drilling holes
and a, blasting by adopting a horizontal drilling hole, wherein the drilling hole depth is 0.6 m, and the hole diameter is D =48mm.
b, drilling is strictly positioned according to the designed pitch, and the pitch positioning error is less than or equal to 20mm.
c, gradually applying force during drilling, and slowly pushing to prevent drill jamming. And the requirement is that the hole opening is complete and the hole wall is smooth, thereby facilitating slag discharge and later-stage charging.
d, drilling holes in sequence from one end according to the marked hole positions to prevent leakage.
e, after drilling holes with the depth of about 0.5-1.0cm, adjusting the position of the drilling machine in time to ensure the correct direction of the drilling holes.
f, checking after drilling holes in each area, checking whether a hole leakage condition exists or not, and timely drilling repairing after finding.
Hole inspection
a, checking whether the drilling operation is finished at all the positions required by the design.
And b, checking whether the distance, the row spacing and the hole depth of the blast holes meet the design requirements.
c, checking whether sundries exist in the blast holes or not, and timely cleaning after finding.
And d, marking all blast holes, and indicating the number of the blast holes, the section of the detonator and the explosive loading of each hole.
4. Filling the explosive after the explosive is manufactured, and performing blocking work after the explosive is filled;
(1) Charging operation
Moisture and water proofing of explosives
The explosive selected for blasting is water-resistant emulsion explosive.
Preparation of blasting materials and apparatus
Testing of detonation equipment
Adopting a random spot check method to carry out serial and parallel quasi-explosion tests;
and simulating a detonation network for testing, and measuring the delay second quantity of the detonator.
Processing of pharmaceutical packs
And respectively determining the cutting length of each medicine package according to the weight of the medicine roll with unit length and the medicine loading amount of each medicine package, dividing the medicine according to the cutting length of each medicine package by using a ruler and a knife, and storing the medicine separately. When in use, the corresponding non-electric millisecond delay detonator is inserted.
Explosive loading construction
In order to ensure the charge amount and the charge structure required by design, the explosive charge should be as follows:
(1) before charging, each blasting part should be hung with a brand, and the number of the detonator section and the explosive charging number are written on the brand.
(2) The medicine charging team is definitely divided into groups, a designated number-matching medicine charging method is adopted, the fixing of medicine charging and transporting personnel is achieved, and a specially-assigned person is responsible for recording the medicine charging amount.
(3) The medicine bag can not be damaged, if the medicine bag is damaged, the medicine bag can be immediately replaced, and the medicine bag can be lightly moved.
(2) Stuffing work
In order to fully utilize the explosion energy of the explosive and prevent high-temperature and high-pressure explosive gas generated during explosion of the explosive from escaping along a blast hole, the explosive must be blocked according to design after charging. Requirements for plugging work:
a, preparing filling materials (loess) and paying attention to the moisture retention of the filling materials.
b, tamping the stemming by using a wooden stick, strictly forbidding the occurrence of cavities or unrealistic phenomena, and strictly forbidding putting the stemming into the cavities and not tamping.
And c, filling the stemming until the hole opening is flush.
d, protecting the detonator leg wire or the detonating tube, and not tamping the gun stick on the detonator leg wire or the detonating tube.
e, ensuring the blocking length, and not allowing blasting if no plugged blast hole exists;
f, the plugging work needs to be carried out by a specially-assigned person in strict sequence, so that the plugging quality is ensured.
5. Laying a blasting network, connecting a detonating tube detonating network, checking the detonating network, and performing safety protection and warning;
(1) Network laying
When connecting the detonating tube detonating circuit, the following technical points should be noted:
(1) the detonating tube network should be connected strictly according to the design, there should be no dead knot in the detonating tube network, there should be no joint in the blast hole, and there should be enough distance between adjacent detonating detonators outside the hole.
(2) The corresponding sections of detonators are bound according to the detonating sequence of the blast holes, and special people check the detonators to prevent wrong binding or disordered binding.
(3) The leading-out wire of the detonating tube is bound into a bundle by using an adhesive tape, the millisecond electric detonator is bound after the error is detected, and the energy-collecting hole of the electric detonator is opposite to the detonating direction of the detonating tube during binding so as to prevent the detonating tube from being cut off by the copper sheet exploded by the electric detonator to cause the misfire. The distance between the detonator of the detonating and detonating tube and the end of the bundling end of the detonating and detonating tube is not less than 15cm.
(4) Before the electric detonator network connection is carried out, all equipment and irrelevant personnel on the site of the explosion area are removed, and warning is set, so that the irrelevant personnel can not enter the explosion area uniformly, and the network main outgoing line is connected on the premise of ensuring safety.
(5) The network adopts a series-parallel composite network, the area line uses a colloid copper core wire, the joint is wrapped by an insulating tape, and conduction and resistance tests are carried out.
(6) After the network is connected, all lines are checked by a specially-assigned person, and the network end is treated by adopting an open-circuit insulation measure so as to prevent the influence of the foreign electricity.
And (3) detonating network inspection:
(1) the detonation network inspection should be performed by an inspection group consisting of experienced blasting personnel, and the inspection group should not be less than two persons.
(2) The inspection contents of the detonating tube detonating network comprise the following steps: whether the connection is missed or interrupted or broken; whether knotting or looping is performed or not; whether the detonator bundling meets the requirements; whether the line connection mode is correct or not and whether the number of detonator sections is consistent with the design or not; whether the network protection measures are reliable.
A detonation station:
carrying out first-layer blasting and second-layer blasting, wherein a blasting initiation station is arranged in a ground enclosure area; the horizontal distance is 150 meters. So as to prevent the blast wave and the blast fume from causing damage to the blasting constructors. And the detonating station is communicated with the conductor by adopting an interphone.
6. Detonating after warning, and checking a blind gun after blasting;
the blasting warning range is organized according to the 200m range of blasting safety regulation, all indoor and outdoor personnel and staff in the warning line during blasting must be cleared, the personnel are evacuated to a safe place outside the safety warning line, no dead angle is left, the outlet is sealed, and meanwhile, a sound signal is given to ensure the blasting safety.
And (4) according to the design, defining a personnel warning ring, setting a sentry and a roadblock in a construction area before detonation, and forbidding irrelevant personnel from entering the construction area.
The warning personnel wear the red armband, the sentry holds the red flag and is provided with the warning board.
Under the unified coordination of the blasting command department, constructors and equipment are organically withdrawn to a safe area. Evacuation is started half an hour before the detonation, and evacuation must be finished before the first advance notice signal is sent.
The warning distance is as follows: the starting point is 100m outside the enclosing wall of the structure to be exploded.
The blasting process is strictly executed according to blasting safety regulations and related national laws and regulations.
7. Digging soil outside the underground diaphragm wall, cutting the steel bars and removing slag.
Claims (3)
1. A low-vibration blasting diaphragm wall demolition construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Designing a blasting scheme and preparing construction, wherein arrangement modes and number of main blast holes, cut holes, buffer holes and light blasting holes are respectively designed, a horizontal wedge-shaped cut hole is drilled in the middle of a crushing blasting wall body, a row of light blasting holes or pre-splitting holes are drilled in a protective blasting wall body, and a row of buffer holes are drilled between the crushing blasting wall body and the protective blasting wall body; the blasting adopts a sectional millisecond detonating tube, the blasting sequence is from top to bottom, namely from a negative layer to a negative layer, the middle cut hole → a main shot hole → a buffer hole → a light blast hole sectional differential time delay blasting method, and the method is carried out by sections and blocks by adopting the principle of 'more holes and less powder charge';
on the premise of ensuring that L & gt W, no empty face exists at the bottom, taking L & gt (0.7-0.8) H, wherein L is the hole depth, W is the minimum resistant line, and H is the thickness of a wall to be removed; a continuous or layered charging structure is adopted; a compound initiation mode of a non-electric detonator and an electric detonator is adopted, and a multi-loop compound network is adopted, namely, a explosive packet is initiated by an initiation detonator, and the initiation detonator adopts a cluster parallel network and is initiated by the electric detonator; through the blasting safety design, the blasting vibration is calculated and guaranteed not to influence a protection target, and meanwhile, the flying stones are controlled within an effective range by calculating the safety distance of the flying stones and adopting wrapping coverage;
(2) Building a working platform, drilling and charging by using a lifting trolley, and building a drilling and charging working platform by using a scaffold for individual section buildings;
(3) Drilling, cleaning and checking holes;
(4) Preparing water-resistant emulsion explosive, a detonator, a detonating tube and a lead, preparing a detonating body, charging, and performing blocking work after charging;
(5) Laying a blasting network, connecting a detonating tube detonating network, checking the detonating network, and setting safety protection and warning;
(6) Detonating after warning, and checking a blind gun after blasting;
(7) Digging soil outside the underground diaphragm wall, cutting the steel bars and removing slag.
2. The low-vibration blasting demolition underground diaphragm wall construction method according to claim 1, wherein the drilling in the step (3) is horizontal drilling, the hole inspection is performed to check whether the distance, the row spacing and the hole depth of the blast holes meet the design requirements, whether sundries exist in the blast holes is checked, the blast holes are cleaned in time after finding, all the blast holes are marked, and the number of the blast holes, the detonator section and the explosive loading of each hole are noted.
3. The low-vibration blasting demolition ground wall construction method according to claim 1, wherein the filling material selected for plugging after the charging in step (4) is loess, stemming plugging is made, the stemming is tamped by a wooden stick, the stemming is filled until the orifice is flush, and the length of the orifice plugging is greater than the minimum resistance line.
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| CN102183184B (en) * | 2011-03-12 | 2013-08-21 | 浙江大学 | Blast method for realizing vibration attenuation and protection of early-age concrete lining during tunnel construction |
| CN102937398B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-12-03 | 武汉大学 | Rockburst active control method based on blasting excavation disturbance control |
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