CN113090483B - Airfoil surface pit local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester - Google Patents
Airfoil surface pit local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN113090483B CN113090483B CN202110360347.7A CN202110360347A CN113090483B CN 113090483 B CN113090483 B CN 113090483B CN 202110360347 A CN202110360347 A CN 202110360347A CN 113090483 B CN113090483 B CN 113090483B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/08—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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Abstract
The invention discloses an airfoil pit local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester, and relates to the fields of clean energy and piezoelectric power generation. The invention is composed of a base, an L-shaped clamping plate, a U-shaped baffle, a telescopic spring, a strip-shaped baffle, a 90-degree torsion spring, a linear sliding guide rail, a rotating shaft, a pit vibrator, a wing, a bearing seat, a bearing cover and a sliding block, and specifically comprises the following three parts: the device comprises a moving part, a torsion part and an airfoil pit vibrator power generation part. The moving part and the torsion part realize the pitching vibration mode that the airfoil structure generates fluttering under wind speed. The airfoil structure generates aeroelastic vibration under the excitation of wind flow; and then the wall surface pits generate local aerodynamic force and inertial force action, so that the pits generate local vibration, and the aeroelastic vibration energy is converted into electric energy through the wing surface pit piezoelectric vibrators. The aeroelastic vibration energy generated by the wing-shaped structure flying in the air is converted into electric energy by the device, and a good solution is provided for improving the endurance capacity of the wing-shaped aircraft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of clean energy and piezoelectric power generation, in particular to an airfoil pit local aerodynamic elastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester.
Background
In recent years, small wing aircraft (unmanned aerial vehicle) has wide application in aspects of aerial photography, detection, reconnaissance, rescue and the like, has important application value and strategic significance in the fields of civil products and military products, and has become a hot spot of scientific and technological development at home and abroad. Research institutions of various countries are dedicated to research on small wing-shaped aircrafts, and designs of light weight, automation and intellectualization are more and more varied, however, the problems of endurance and continuous energy supply of airborne electronic equipment of the current small wing-shaped aircrafts are key factors restricting development of the aircrafts. The traditional energy supply mode mainly uses batteries, and more functional batteries need to be carried if the cruising ability of the small-sized wing aircraft is to be improved, but the loading capacity of the small-sized wing aircraft is limited, and the size is limited by the application background. At present, a micro energy conversion technology for collecting environmental energy and converting the environmental energy into electric energy has achieved certain research results. If the cruising ability of the small wing aircraft is further improved, the energy in the surrounding environment in the flying process can be collected and converted into electric energy to supply power to the aircraft.
The wing of the wing type aircraft can generate aeroelastic vibration in the process of flying in the air, thereby not only influencing the stability of the flying, but also causing energy waste. Research shows that under the interaction of unsteady aerodynamic force, inertia force and elastic force, the wing vibration can be continuously carried out, and flutter occurs. For a wing aircraft, the vibrations are divergent when the flight speed is above the critical flutter speed. Because the flutter vibration response of the wing section structure is dispersed, the wing vibrates violently, the vibration energy is larger, and the wing vibration energy can be collected and converted into electric energy to supply power for aircraft equipment.
At present, the mode of converting the environmental vibration energy into the electric energy is mainly piezoelectric type, electromagnetic type and electrostatic type, wherein the piezoelectric type energy collection technology has the advantages of no electromagnetic interference, simple structure, long service life, easy miniaturization and the like. Therefore, the invention provides a piezoelectric energy harvester for collecting local aeroelastic vibration energy of a pit on the wall surface of an airfoil based on a piezoelectric energy harvesting mechanism and oriented to flutter response of an airfoil structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low endurance of the wing-type aircraft, the invention provides a technical scheme for the wing pit local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester and realizing the autonomous energy supply of the wing-type aircraft by fully utilizing the vibration energy of the wing caused by the environment in the flight process according to the structural characteristics of the wing-type aircraft and the vibration characteristics of the wing in the flight process, so that the originally dissipated energy is recycled.
The utility model provides an airfoil pit local aeroelasticity vibration piezoelectricity energy accumulator, comprises structures such as base, L type cardboard, U type baffle, expanding spring, bar baffle, 90 torsional springs, linear sliding guide, axis of rotation, wing, pit oscillator, antifriction bearing, bearing frame, bearing cap and slider. The whole device is composed of three parts, namely a moving part, a torsion part and an airfoil pit piezoelectric vibrator power generation part. The movable part comprises a base, an L-shaped clamping plate, a U-shaped baffle, a telescopic spring, a linear sliding guide rail, a bearing seat, a bearing cover, a sliding block and other components; the torsion part comprises a strip baffle, a 90-degree torsion spring, a rotating shaft and a rolling bearing; the airfoil pit piezoelectric vibrator power generation part comprises: the flexible hollow piezoelectric layer is arranged on the wing, the flexible hollow supporting layer, the flexible hollow piezoelectric layer, the mass block and the like.
Further, the moving part: the linear sliding guide rail is connected with a base of the whole device through a bolt, and a sliding block matched with the linear sliding guide rail is assembled on the linear sliding guide rail; the sliding block, namely the sliding platform, is connected with the bearing seat and the strip-shaped baffle plate through bolts; the U-shaped baffle is clamped and positioned by two pairs of L-shaped clamping plates and is fixedly connected with a base of the device; the U-shaped baffle and the bearing seat are fixedly connected through a telescopic spring. The movable part of the energy harvester is formed by reasonably combining the mechanisms.
Further, the torsion portion: one end of the rotating shaft is in interference fit with the rolling bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft is fixed with the wing; and two ends of the 90-degree torsion spring are respectively connected with the rotating shaft and the strip-shaped baffle. The combination of the components forms the torsion part of the energy harvester.
Through the combination of the moving part and the torsion part, the simulation realizes the pitching vibration characteristics of the airfoil structure in the air: the wing is excited by wind to generate pressure difference on the upper surface and the lower surface, so that the wing is subjected to lift force, the wing is connected with the moving part to ascend, the wing-shaped structure is connected with the sliding block through the mechanical structure, the sliding block is driven to move up and down along the guide rail, the wall surface of the wing-shaped structure is connected with the telescopic spring and the U-shaped baffle through the mechanical structure, and the wall surface of the wing-shaped structure generates vertical vibration with certain amplitude under the action of elasticity.
Furthermore, the sliding block, the bearing seat, the wing-shaped wall surface, the rotating shaft, the rolling bearing, the 90-degree torsion spring and other components are made of light alloy materials, so that the gravity is reduced, and the wing-shaped wall surface obtains larger lifting force.
Further, the airfoil pit vibrator power generation part: the wing-shaped wall surface pit is made of a flexible material to form a flexible supporting layer, and the convex surface of the flexible pit is adhered with a flexible piezoelectric material; the mass block is fixed on the top of the convex surface of the flexible piezoelectric material; the energy storage circuits of the energy harvesters are distributed inside the wings. The above content forms the airfoil pit vibrator power generation part of the energy harvester.
Furthermore, the pit piezoelectric vibrators of the wing-shaped wall surface array are connected in parallel, and generated electric energy is collected through a resistor R.
Furthermore, different distribution modes of the wing pit vibrators can directly influence local aeroelastic response when airflow flows through the wall pits, so that the energy capturing effect of the power generation part of the wing pit vibrators is influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an airfoil dimple local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall cross-sectional structure of an airfoil.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an airfoil pit vibrator power generation structure.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an isometric diamond distribution of airfoil pockets.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an equidistant rectangular distribution of airfoil pockets.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an equi-differential rectangular distribution of airfoil craters.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the device is described with reference to fig. 1 and 2, the device is composed of three parts of moving part, torsion part and airfoil pit piezoelectric vibrator power generation part, and the specific moving part comprises: the structure comprises a linear sliding guide rail 7, a sliding block 14, a U-shaped baffle 3, a telescopic spring 4 and the like; the specific torsion portion includes: the structure comprises a wing 10, a rotating shaft 8, a rolling bearing 11, a 90-degree torsion spring 6 and the like; the specific airfoil pit vibration power generation part comprises: flexible support layer 901, flexible piezoelectric layer 902, mass 903, tank circuit, etc. The connection structure is as follows: linear sliding guide 7 is fixed on base 1, and slider 14 is arranged in linear sliding guide 7 on the track, and L type cardboard 2 is fixed in U type baffle 3 on base 1, and expanding spring 4 termination U type baffle 3, a termination bearing cap 13. The bearing seat 12 is fixed on the sliding block 14, the center of the bearing seat is provided with a rolling bearing 11 connected with the rotating shaft 8, the top end of the bearing seat is provided with a strip-shaped baffle 5, and the 90-degree torsion spring 6 connects the strip-shaped baffle 5 with the rotating shaft 8. The outer wing 10 is connected with a rotating shaft 8 and is provided with pit vibrators 9 arranged in an array. Wherein the bearing housing 12 acts as a bridge between the moving part and the twisting part so that the movements of the two parts can be coupled to each other; the aeroelastic vibration of the airfoil structure is influenced by factors such as wind speed and the wind angle of the wing 10; since the wind direction can be regarded as a single direction for the wing 10 in practical situations when the wing type aircraft is flying in the air, the function of the energy harvester is realized in the environment of a single wind direction.
The airfoil dimple transducer power generation section is further described in conjunction with fig. 3: the dimple transducer is made up of a flexible dimple support layer 901, a flexible dimple piezoelectric layer 902, and a mass 903. The wall surface of the pit vibrator is made of a flexible material to form a flexible pit supporting layer 901, and the convex surface of the flexible pit is adhered with a flexible piezoelectric material to form a piezoelectric layer 902; the mass 903 is fixed on top of the convex surface of the flexible piezoelectric material. Pit piezoelectric vibrators of the wing-shaped wall surface array are connected in parallel, and the piezoelectric power generation performance of the pits is evaluated by an external resistor R.
The working principle of the energy harvester is as follows: the wind-induced flow airfoil structure enables the airfoil structure to vibrate, local aeroelastic force generated at the pit enables the wall surface of the pit to vibrate further when wind flows through the airfoil pit, and vibration energy is collected and converted into electric energy by utilizing the positive piezoelectric effect of the flexible piezoelectric material under the action of the mass block 903 inertia force. The specific implementation process is as follows:
has a certain speedUWhen the wind current blows to the wings with a certain windward angle, the wings 10 can move linearly up and down under the action of aerodynamic elasticity when the wind flows around the wing-shaped structure; the whole wing 10 is under the action of lift force generated by wind, so that the wing 10 can move upwards (the bearing seat 12 also moves upwards along with the wing); the two ends of the extension spring 4 are fixedly connected with the U-shaped baffle 3 and the bearing seat 12, the wing 10 is compressed in the rising process, the elasticity borne by the wing 10 is increased, and the wing 10 starts to move downwards to a certain degree (at the moment, the force borne by the upper wall surface and the lower wall surface of the wing is changed along with the pitching motion of the wing 10), so that the continuous vibration of the wing is realized; the wing 10 is horizontal to the horizonThe direction has an elevation angle (windward angle), pressure difference force is generated when the incoming wind flows around the upper wall surface and the lower wall surface of the wing 10, so that the wing 10 generates pitching motion under the action of the rolling bearing 11 and the rotating shaft 8, and the circulating pitching motion is realized under the influence of the elastic restoring force of the 90-degree torsion spring 6; the vibration characteristics of the wing 10 are a compound vibration of a linear vibration and a pitching motion.
With a certain speedUWhen the wind current blows to the airfoil surface of the wing 10 with a certain windward angle, the wing 10 can vibrate; meanwhile, the wing pit vibrator 9 generates local vibration due to the action of local aerodynamic elasticity, and the mass block 903 adhered to the convex surface of the wing pit can increase the vibration of the wall surface of the whole pit under the action of inertia force; due to the particularity of the flexible concave piezoelectric layer 902, the vibration energy is converted into electric energy through the piezoelectric effect, and then the electric energy is stored through the energy storage circuit. The flexible piezoelectric layer 902 with the convex surfaces of the pits adhered to each other converts the vibration energy of the wing 10 into electric energy under triple vibration; the triple vibration comprises flutter of the wing 10, aeroelastic vibration of the wing pit vibrator 9 and inertial vibration of the pit convex mass block 903, so that the vibration response of the flexible piezoelectric layer 902 is large, and higher electric energy and energy conversion efficiency is obtained.
Moreover, different airfoil pocket distribution modes can directly influence the aeroelastic response when the airflow flows through the wall pocket, so the application provides three possible schemes of airfoil pocket array distribution, namely equidistant diamond array distribution, equidistant rectangular array distribution and equal difference rectangular array distribution, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an airfoil pit local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectricity energy accumulator which characterized in that: the device comprises a moving part, a torsion part and a wing surface pit piezoelectric vibrator power generation part: the moving part comprises a base (1), an L-shaped clamping plate (2), a U-shaped baffle (3), a telescopic spring (4), a linear sliding guide rail (7), a bearing seat (12), a bearing cover (13) and a sliding block (14); the torsion part comprises a strip-shaped baffle (5), a 90-degree torsion spring (6), a rotating shaft (8) and a rolling bearing (11); the airfoil pit piezoelectric vibrator power generation part comprises: the flexible hollow wing comprises a wing (10), a flexible hollow supporting layer (901), a flexible hollow piezoelectric layer (902) and a mass block (903); the piezoelectric energy harvester is excited by natural wind at a certain speed, pressure difference is generated on the upper surface and the lower surface of a wing according to the Bernoulli principle, so that a wing-shaped wall surface obtains lift force, the wing-shaped wall surface is connected with a sliding block (14) through a mechanical structure, the sliding block (14) is driven to move up and down along a linear sliding guide rail (7), the wing-shaped wall surface is connected with a telescopic spring (4) and a U-shaped baffle (3) through the mechanical structure, and the wing-shaped wall surface generates up-and-down vibration with a certain amplitude under the action of elasticity; meanwhile, the wing-shaped wall surface can generate certain rotary motion under the excitation of natural wind, and the wing-shaped wall surface is compounded with the up-and-down reciprocating vibration to simulate the pitching motion of the wing-shaped wall surface under the action of aerodynamic force due to the action of a 90-degree torsion spring (6); pits which are regularly arranged are processed on the upper surface of the wing-shaped wall surface, the pits are partially formed into a pit piezoelectric vibrator power generation part by a flexible pit supporting layer (901), a flexible pit piezoelectric layer (902) and a mass block (903), and local aeroelastic vibration is generated by utilizing the composite action of aerodynamic force and inertial force of the wing-shaped wall surface to excite the flexible pit piezoelectric layer (902) to deform;
the power generation method of the device comprises the following steps: when wind flow with a certain speed blows to the wing (10) with a certain windward angle, the wing (10) can move up and down linearly under the action of aerodynamic elasticity when wind flows around the wing-shaped structure; the whole wing (10) is under the action of lift force generated by wind, so that the wing (10) can move upwards, and the bearing seat (12) also moves upwards along with the wing (10); the two ends of the telescopic spring (4) are fixedly connected with the U-shaped baffle (3) and the bearing seat (12), the wing (10) can be compressed in the rising process, the elasticity borne by the wing (10) is increased, the wing (10) starts to move downwards after reaching a certain degree, and the force borne by the upper wall surface and the lower wall surface of the wing can also change along with the pitching motion of the wing (10), so that the wing (10) can continuously vibrate; the wing (10) has an elevation angle relative to the horizontal direction, and pressure difference force is generated when incoming wind flows around the upper wall surface and the lower wall surface of the wing (10), so that the wing (10) generates pitching motion under the action of the rolling bearing (11) and the rotating shaft (8), and the circulating pitching motion is realized under the influence of the elastic restoring force of the 90-degree torsion spring (6); the vibration characteristic of the wing (10) is the compound vibration of linear vibration and pitching motion, and meanwhile, when wind current blows to the wing surface of the wing (10) with a certain wind attack angle, the wing (10) can vibrate; meanwhile, the wing pit vibrator (9) generates local vibration under the action of local aerodynamic elasticity, and the mass block (903) adhered to the convex surface of the wing pit can increase the vibration of the wall surface of the whole pit under the action of inertia force; due to the particularity of the flexible pit piezoelectric layer (902), vibration energy can be converted into electric energy through the piezoelectric effect, and then the electric energy is stored through the energy storage circuit; the flexible piezoelectric layer (902) with the convex surfaces of the pits adhered to each other can convert the vibration energy of the wing (10) into electric energy under triple vibration; the triple vibration comprises flutter of an airfoil (10), aeroelastic vibration of an airfoil pit vibrator (9) and inertial vibration of a pit convex mass block (903), so that the vibration response of the flexible piezoelectric layer (902) is large, and higher electric energy and energy conversion efficiency are obtained.
2. The airfoil dimple local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein the linear sliding guide rail (7) is fixed on the base (1), the U-shaped baffle (3) is fixed on the base (1) through two pairs of L-shaped clamping plates (2), and two ends of the expansion spring (4) are respectively fixed on the lower part of the U-shaped baffle (3) and the upper part of the bearing seat (12).
3. The airfoil-shaped concave-pit local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding block (14) is fixedly connected with the bearing seat (12) through a bolt, one end of the rotating shaft (8) is arranged in a rolling bearing (11) in the bearing seat (12), the assembly adopts interference fit, one end of the 90-degree torsion spring (6) is fixed on the sliding block (14), and the other end is fixed on the rotating shaft (8).
4. The airfoil dimple local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein the other end of the rotating shaft (8) is fixed on the airfoil wall surface, which is processed with dimples for alternative equidistant diamond/equidistant rectangle/equidifferent rectangle arrangement.
5. The airfoil dimple local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein the dimple piezoelectric vibrators of the airfoil wall array are connected in parallel.
6. The airfoil pit local aeroelastic vibration piezoelectric energy harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the lift force obtained by the airfoil wall surface is limited due to limited pressure difference generated by exciting the airfoil wall surface by natural wind, and the slider (14), the bearing seat (12), the airfoil (10), the rotating shaft (8), the rolling bearing (11) and the 90-degree torsion spring (6) all move on the linear sliding guide rail (7), so that the above components are made of light alloy materials.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105932905A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Energy acquisition device based on dual sinking-floating freedom degree flow-induced vibration |
| CN109450293A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-08 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of non-linear piezoelectric generating device towards two-way excitation in length and breadth |
| CN109889094A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-06-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of double oscillator piezoelectric harvesters of tunable aerofoil profile flutter Exciting-simulator system |
| CN112238932A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-01-19 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Aircraft flutter suppression device and aircraft thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8350394B2 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2013-01-08 | Alcatel Lucent | Energy harvester apparatus having improved efficiency |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105932905A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Energy acquisition device based on dual sinking-floating freedom degree flow-induced vibration |
| CN109450293A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-08 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of non-linear piezoelectric generating device towards two-way excitation in length and breadth |
| CN109889094A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-06-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of double oscillator piezoelectric harvesters of tunable aerofoil profile flutter Exciting-simulator system |
| CN112238932A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-01-19 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Aircraft flutter suppression device and aircraft thereof |
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