CN113088074A - Polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite material, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
A polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite material, a preparation method and application thereof belong to the technical field of polymer composite material preparation. The invention realizes the in-situ and limited-area growth of PANI in a PAEK substrate material by converting a polyaryletheramine precursor containing a ketimine structure into a PANI/PAEK composite material through a one-step method, and the reaction formula is shown as follows. The invention fully solves the problems of difficult solution film forming, PANI agglomeration and low content of polyaryletherketone materials, and obtains the PANI/PAEK material with higher dielectric constant and better conductivity by optimizing experimental conditions. The invention realizes the purpose that the PANI is uniformly dispersed in the substrate, is not easy to agglomerate and has higher content, excellent mechanical property and potential development space in the fields of high dielectric constant materials, electronic packaging materials, conductive materials, electromagnetic shielding materials and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite material, a preparation method and application thereof in preparation of high dielectric materials, conductive materials and electromagnetic shielding materials.
Background
The Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) serving as a special engineering plastic has excellent thermal stability, good mechanical properties, and excellent electrical performance and radiation resistance. Nowadays, polyaryletherketone materials and composite materials have been successfully applied to various aspects such as national defense and military industry, aerospace, electronic communication, medical treatment and health care.
The polyaryletherketone has good electrical insulation performance, but the traditional polyaryletherketone material has poor processability and cannot meet the processing requirement. In recent years, by fully combining the advantages of high temperature resistance and good mechanical properties of polyether ether ketone polymers, the preparation of high dielectric materials and conductive materials by using polyaryletherketone has become a research hotspot. The preparation of conductive filler/polymer composites is another method to achieve high dielectric constants. Among the conductive fillers, Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most widely used conductive high molecular polymers, and is also a novel material with special functions. Polyaniline has good thermal stability and chemical stability, and has the advantages of good environmental stability, higher conductivity, light weight, easy processing, cheap raw materials and the like. In the combination of polyaniline and polyaryletherketone, the literature generally utilizes sulfonated polyaryletherketone and polyaniline to be directly mixed to prepare the high-conductivity material.
However, the traditional polyaryletherketone material has poor solubility and is difficult to form a film by solution, and the PANI is very fragile due to strong rigidity of the PANI itself and is difficult to form a film. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonding exists among polyaniline molecule main chains, strong agglomeration phenomenon is generated among polyaniline molecule chains due to the hydrogen bonding, the solubility is poor, and the PANI is difficult to form a film independently and has low content.
In the previous research, a monomer containing a ketimine structure is polymerized with a bisphenol monomer to obtain a polyaryletherketone precursor material, and the polyaryletherketone material is obtained by an acid treatment method. The invention utilizes the polyaryletherketone precursor material containing the ketimine structure as a base, adopts a post-treatment method to prepare the PANI/PAEK composite material, combines the excellent performance of the polyaryletherketone material through the filling of the conductive filler, and has wide application prospect in the aspects of high dielectric materials, conductive materials, electromagnetic shielding materials and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polyaniline/polyaryletherketone (PANI/PAEK) composite material, a preparation method and application thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The preparation method of the semi-crystalline polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing an acid solution of ammonium persulfate with a certain concentration;
(2) adding a semi-crystalline polyaryletheramine precursor (PAEKt) into the acid solution of the ammonium persulfate obtained in the step (1), putting the solution into a reaction kettle, and reacting at a certain temperature; the specific reaction steps are shown as (I);
(I) (represents a reaction of this type, n represents a positive integer for the degree of polymerization, Y.gtoreq.1)
For example, a ketoimine-containing polyetheretherketone Precursor (PEEKT) is placed in a solution of hydrochloric acid containing ammonium persulfate to effect a chemical reaction of formula (II);
(3) and (3) sequentially putting the product obtained in the step (2) into ethanol and water for cleaning, and drying in vacuum to obtain the semi-crystalline PANI/PAEK composite material.
Preferably, the acid used in step (1) is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phytic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, acetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid;
preferably, in the step (1), the acid concentration is 0.1M-5.0M, the ammonium persulfate is dissolved in the acid solution, and the concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 0.009M-0.3M;
preferably, in the step (2), the reaction temperature is 0-220 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-10 h; the dosage ratio of the semi-crystalline polyaryletheramine precursor (PAEKt) to the acid solution of ammonium persulfate is 0.1 g: 5 mL-160 mL;
preferably, in the step (3), the washing times of water and ethanol are 3-6 times;
preferably, in the step (3), the drying temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the drying time is 6-24 h;
the preparation method of the amorphous polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing an acid solution of ammonium persulfate with a certain concentration;
(2) adding an amorphous polyaryletheramine precursor (PAEKt) (the structural formula is shown in (III)) into the acid solution of the ammonium persulfate obtained in the step (1), putting the solution into a reaction kettle, and reacting at a certain temperature;
wherein N is any structure shown as the following, M is any structure shown as the following, is connected with a benzene ring, and N is a positive integer representing the degree of polymerization;
further, the compound represented by (III) is represented by one of the following:
for example, a polyaryletherketone precursor (PAEKt) containing ketimine is put into a hydrochloric acid solution containing ammonium persulfate, and a chemical reaction of the formula (V) is carried out;
(3) and (3) sequentially putting the product obtained in the step (2) into ethanol and water for cleaning, and drying in vacuum to obtain the amorphous PANI/PAEK composite material.
Preferably, the acid used in step (1) is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phytic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, acetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid;
preferably, in the step (1), the acid concentration is 0.1M-5.0M, the ammonium persulfate is dissolved in the acid solution, and the concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 0.009M-0.3M;
preferably, in the step (2), the reaction temperature is 0-220 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-10 h; the dosage ratio of the amorphous polyaryletheramine precursor (PAEKt) to the acid solution of ammonium persulfate is 0.1 g: 5 mL-160 mL;
preferably, in the step (3), the washing times of water and ethanol are 3-6 times;
preferably, in the step (3), the drying temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the drying time is 6-24 h;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the innovativeness and advantages that:
the invention realizes the conversion of the polyaryletheramine precursor (PAEKt) containing the ketimine structure into the PANI/PAEK composite material by a one-step method, and realizes the in-situ and limited-area growth of the PANI in the PAEK substrate material. The invention fully solves the problems that polyaryletherketone materials are difficult to form a film by solution, PANI is agglomerated and the content is low. The PANI/PAEK composite material prepared by the invention improves the conductivity of the PAEK material by the in-situ growth of the PANI conductive material, and improves the dielectric property of the PAEK material by utilizing the characteristic of good dispersibility and high content of the PANIA constant. By optimizing the type, acid concentration, ammonium persulfate concentration, temperature, time and the like of the acid in the treatment process, the PANI/PAEK material with higher dielectric constant and better conductivity is obtained, and the conductivity of the prepared PANI/PEEK composite material can reach 3.01 x 10 to the maximum-4S/m, the dielectric constant can reach 1902.0 (dielectric loss 1.473) (as shown in example 4). The PANI/PAEK material prepared by the method realizes the uniform dispersion of PANI in a substrate, difficult agglomeration, higher content and excellent mechanical property, and has potential development space and application in the fields of high dielectric constant materials, electronic packaging materials, conductive materials and electromagnetic shielding materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of a polyetheretherketone Precursor (PEEKT) prepared in example 1, a PANI/PEEK composite, and a commercial Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (available from TET engineering research, Inc., Jilin university, Cat. of Vinca, Jilin, Calif.) (Panel a), and a commercial PANI powder (Panel b). The PANI/PEEK films shown in the figures were consistent with commercial PEEK and PANI infrared peaks at 1650cm-1Has a C ═ O bond vibration peak of 1306cm-1The characteristic peak of C-N bond of N-Ph-N appears. The PANI/PEEK film proved to be successfully prepared.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the PANI/PEEK composite prepared in example 4, wherein FIG. a shows PEEKT and FIG. b shows the PANI/PEEK composite. As can be seen from the figure, white particles exist on the surface of the synthesized PANI/PEEK composite material, so that the PANI material is proved to be synthesized, and the material is uniformly dispersed and is not easy to agglomerate.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the section of the PANI/PEEK composite material prepared in example 4, wherein a is PEEKT, and b is the PANI/PEEK composite material, and it can be seen that the PEEKT is uniform inside, and white particles, namely PANI particles, exist in the synthesized PANI/PEEK.
FIG. 4 is a plot of dielectric constant (a), dielectric loss (b), conductivity (c) versus frequency for the PANI/PEEK composite prepared in example 4. The invention shows that the composite material with high dielectric constant and high conductivity is prepared.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments, not all embodiments, of the present invention. The embodiments based on the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Example 1: synthesis of PANI/PEEK composite Material at Room temperature (25 deg.C)
(1) Treating PEEKT (shown as a reactant in the chemical reaction formula (I), wherein a ═ b ═ X ═ Y ═ 1) in a hydrochloric acid solution of ammonium persulfate (the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1.0M, and the concentration of the ammonium persulfate in the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.18M) in a hydrothermal kettle at 25 ℃ for 6 hours, thereby obtaining the chemical reaction shown in the formula (II); the dosage ratio of the polyaryletheramine precursor to the mixed solution is 0.1 g: 30 mL;
(2) washing the product obtained in the step (1) with ethanol and water for 3 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a semi-crystalline PANI/PEEK composite material;
(3) the PANI/PEEK composite material synthesized at 25 ℃ is subjected to conductivity and dielectric property tests, the dielectric constant is 12.6, the dielectric loss is 0.703, and the conductivity is 2.52 x 10-7(measured at room temperature, 1000 Hz).
Example 2: high-temperature (220 ℃) synthesis of PANI/PEEK composite material
(1) Treating PEEKT (shown as a reactant in chemical reaction formula (I), wherein a ═ b ═ X ═ Y ═ 1) in a hydrochloric acid solution of persulfate amine (the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1.0M, and the concentration of persulfate amine in the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.18M) in a hydrothermal kettle at 220 ℃ for 6 h; the dosage ratio of the polyaryletheramine precursor to the mixed solution is 0.1 g: 20 mL;
(2) washing the product obtained in the step (1) with ethanol and water for 3 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a semi-crystalline PANI/PEEK composite material;
(3) the PANI/PEEK composite material synthesized at high temperature is subjected to conductivity and dielectric property tests, the dielectric constant is 5.18, the dielectric loss is 0.129, and the conductivity is 4.11 x 10-9(measured at room temperature, 1000 Hz).
Example 3: synthesis of PANI/PEEK composite material under low hydrochloric acid concentration condition
(1) Treating PEEKT (shown as a reactant in chemical reaction formula (I), wherein a ═ b ═ X ═ Y ═ 1) in a hydrochloric acid solution of persulfate amine (the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.5M, and the concentration of persulfate amine in the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.037M) in a hydrothermal kettle at 60 ℃ for 6 h; the dosage ratio of the polyaryletheramine precursor to the mixed solution is 0.1 g: 30 mL;
(2) washing the product obtained in the step (1) with ethanol and water for 3 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a semi-crystalline PANI/PEEK composite material;
(3) the PANI/PEEK composite material synthesized under the condition of low hydrochloric acid concentration is subjected to conductivity and dielectric property tests, the dielectric constant is 9.6, the dielectric loss is 0.175, and the conductivity is 5.31 x 10-8(measured at room temperature, 1000 Hz).
Example 4: synthesis of PANI/PEEK composite material under high hydrochloric acid concentration condition
(1) Treating PEEKT (shown as a reactant in chemical reaction formula (I), wherein a ═ b ═ X ═ Y ═ 1) in a hydrochloric acid solution of persulfate amine (the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2.5M, and the concentration of persulfate amine in the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.037M) in a hydrothermal kettle at 60 ℃ for 6 h; the dosage ratio of the polyaryletheramine precursor to the mixed solution is 0.1 g: 30 mL;
(2) washing the product obtained in the step (1) with ethanol and water for 3 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a semi-crystalline PANI/PEEK composite material;
(3) the PANI/PEEK composite material synthesized under the condition of high hydrochloric acid concentration is subjected to conductivity and dielectric property tests, the dielectric constant is 1902.0, the dielectric loss is 1.473, and the conductivity is 3.01 x 10-4(measured at room temperature, 1000 Hz).
Example 5: synthesis of PANI/PEEK composite material under low ammonium persulfate concentration condition
(1) Treating PEEKt (shown as a reactant in chemical reaction formula (I), where a ═ b ═ X ═ Y ═ 1) in a hydrochloric acid solution of persulfate amine (the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2.5M, and the concentration of persulfate amine in the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.009M) in a 60 ℃ hydrothermal kettle for 6 h; the dosage ratio of the polyaryletheramine precursor to the mixed solution is 0.1 g: 30 mL;
(2) washing the product obtained in the step (1) with ethanol and water for 3 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a semi-crystalline PANI/PEEK composite material;
(3) the PANI/PEEK composite material synthesized under the condition of low ammonium persulfate concentration is subjected to conductivity and dielectric property tests, the dielectric constant is 187.9, the dielectric loss is 2.882, and the conductivity is 1.91 x 10-5(measured at room temperature, 1000 Hz).
Example 6: synthesis of PANI/PEEK composite material under condition of high ammonium persulfate concentration
(1) Treating PEEKT (shown as a reactant in chemical reaction formula (I), wherein a ═ b ═ X ═ Y ═ 1) in a persulfate hydrochloric acid solution (the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2.5M, and the concentration of the persulfate in the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.055M) in a 60 ℃ hydrothermal kettle for 6 h; the dosage ratio of the polyaryletheramine precursor to the mixed solution is 0.1 g: 30 mL;
(2) washing the product obtained in the step (1) with ethanol and water for 3 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a semi-crystalline PANI/PEEK composite material;
(3) the PANI/PEEK composite material synthesized under the condition of high ammonium persulfate concentration is subjected to conductivity and dielectric property tests, the dielectric constant is 1258.1, the dielectric loss is 3.721, and the conductivity is 1.34 x 10-4(measured at room temperature, 1000 Hz).
Example 7: synthesis of PANI/PEEK composite material under p-toluenesulfonic acid condition
(1) Treating PEEKT (shown as a reactant in chemical reaction formula (I), wherein a ═ b ═ X ═ Y ═ 1) in an acid solution of ammonium persulfate (the concentration of a p-toluenesulfonic acid solution is 2.0M, the solubility of a hydrochloric acid solution is 1M, and the concentration of the ammonium persulfate in the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.037M) in a hydrothermal kettle at 60 ℃ for 6 hours; the dosage ratio of the polyaryletheramine precursor to the mixed solution is 0.1 g: 30 mL;
(2) and (2) respectively cleaning the product obtained in the step (1) by using ethanol and water for 3 times, and drying in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the semi-crystalline PANI/PEEK composite material.
Example 8: synthetic amorphous PANI/PEEK composite material
(1) Treating PAEKt (shown as a reactant in the reaction formula in (V)) in a hydrochloric acid solution of ammonium persulfate (the solubility of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2M, and the concentration of the ammonium persulfate in the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.037M) in a hydrothermal kettle at 60 ℃ for 6 hours; the dosage ratio of the polyaryletheramine precursor to the mixed solution is 0.1 g: 30 mL;
(2) and (2) washing the product obtained in the step (1) by using ethanol and water for 3 times respectively, and drying in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the amorphous PANI/PAEK composite material.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a semi-crystalline or amorphous polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an acid solution of ammonium persulfate with a certain concentration;
(2) adding a semi-crystalline polyaryletheramine precursor or an amorphous polyaryletheramine precursor into the acid solution of the ammonium persulfate obtained in the step (1), putting the solution into a reaction kettle, and reacting at a certain temperature;
(3) and (3) sequentially putting the product obtained in the step (2) into ethanol and water for cleaning, and drying in vacuum to obtain the semi-crystalline or amorphous PANI/PAEK composite material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the semi-crystalline or amorphous polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite is prepared by: the acid used in the step (1) is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phytic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, acetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the semi-crystalline or amorphous polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite is prepared by: in the step (1), the acid concentration is 0.1-5.0M, the ammonium persulfate is dissolved in the acid solution, and the concentration of the ammonium persulfate is 0.009-0.3M.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the semi-crystalline or amorphous polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite is prepared by: in the step (2), the structural formula of the semi-crystalline polyaryletheramine precursor is shown as follows,
wherein a, b, X and Y are positive integers, Y is more than or equal to 1, and n is a positive integer to represent the polymerization degree.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the semi-crystalline or amorphous polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite is prepared by: in the step (2), the structural formula of the amorphous polyaryl ether amine precursor is shown as follows,
wherein, N is any structure as shown in the specification, and M is any structure as shown in the specification and is connected with a benzene ring or O through a position shown by x; n is a positive integer representing the degree of polymerization;
structural formula of N
The structural formula of M.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the semi-crystalline or amorphous polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite is prepared by: in the step (2), the reaction temperature is 0-220 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-10 h; the dosage ratio of the semi-crystalline polyaryletheramine precursor or the amorphous polyaryletheramine precursor to the acid solution of the ammonium persulfate is 0.1 g: 5mL to 160 mL.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the semi-crystalline or amorphous polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite is prepared by: in the step (3), the washing times of water and ethanol are 3-6 times; the drying temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the drying time is 6-24 h.
8. A semi-crystalline or amorphous polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite material, which is characterized in that: is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the semi-crystalline or amorphous polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite material according to claim 8 in the preparation of high dielectric materials, conductive materials or electromagnetic shielding materials.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114870638A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-09 | 吉林大学 | Polyaniline/polyaryletherketone composite membrane with electrochemical response, preparation method and application thereof |
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