CN113084470A - Control method for over-aging of aluminum alloy material during cutting - Google Patents
Control method for over-aging of aluminum alloy material during cutting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113084470A CN113084470A CN202110329926.5A CN202110329926A CN113084470A CN 113084470 A CN113084470 A CN 113084470A CN 202110329926 A CN202110329926 A CN 202110329926A CN 113084470 A CN113084470 A CN 113084470A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 43
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018563 CuAl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P17/00—Metal-working operations, not covered by a single other subclass or another group in this subclass
- B23P17/02—Single metal-working processes; Machines or apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of machining of airplane parts, and relates to a control method for overaging of an aluminum alloy material during cutting machining; the control method adopts a high-speed steel cutter to cut, and the cutting parameters are controlled as follows: controlling the cutting temperature generated by the parts, the clamp and the cutter, and controlling the cutting temperature within 140 ℃; controlling the cutting angle of the cutter; the angle of the cutter is as follows: the front angle is 20-25 degrees, the rear angle is 10-15 degrees, and the inclination angle of the blade is about +3 degrees; the cutting speed is as follows: 200 m/min-600 m/min, the cutting amount is as follows: 0.5 mm/each time to 5 mm/each time, and cooling the processing surface of the part by using cooling liquid when the cutting temperature reaches 140 ℃ in the cutting process. The method can control the used cutting processing parameters to meet the technological requirements of solidification, thereby improving the product yield, reducing the control of the inspection and detection processes, shortening the processing and manufacturing period and reducing the personnel investment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining of airplane parts, and relates to a control method for overaging of an aluminum alloy material during cutting machining.
Background
In the manufacturing process of modern airplanes, high-speed cutting machining is widely applied, heat generated by cutting machining directly influences the heat treatment state of the cutter and the used cut body, can generate different degrees of influences on the structure performance of parts machined by the cutting cutter and the final heat treatment state,
for example, the 7A04CS aluminum alloy processed in the final heat treatment state generates local surface overheating exceeding the aging temperature (135 ℃ -145 ℃) of the 7A04CS aluminum alloy during high-speed cutting processing, so that the material structure is locally overaged. From the theory of quenching-aging-wetting of 7A04CS aluminum alloy, the cutting temperature generated during the processing of the aluminum alloy material is above 160 ℃, so that the strengthening phase theta phase in the structure is transformed from unstable to theta phase (CuAl2) at the temperature, thereby causing the mechanical property of the alloy material to be reduced (overaging). Directly leading to a reduction in the overall performance index of the aircraft.
Through tests and analysis, in order to prevent unqualified mechanical properties of the alloy material caused by the fact that the cutting temperature of the 7A04CS aluminum alloy profile exceeds the aging temperature of the alloy material in the cutting process, the cutting speed, the cutting angle, the cutting amount, the cutting temperature and the cutting speed of the 7A04CS aluminum alloy cutting tool must be strictly controlled, the cooling liquid is used correctly, the local temperature of the cutting process is controlled below 100 ℃, and the cutting process parameters are controlled and solidified, so that the finished product rate is improved, the inspection and detection process control is reduced, the processing and manufacturing period is shortened, and the personnel investment is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Solves the technical problem
The method is characterized in that local surface overheating of a workpiece exceeds the aging temperature of the aluminum alloy due to heat energy conversion generated during high-speed cutting processing, so that local overaging of a material structure can be generated. The ageing temperature of the aluminium alloy is between 100 ℃ and 200 ℃ in general
Therefore, starting with strict control on the aluminum alloy cutting tool, cutting speed, cutting angle, cutting amount, cutting temperature and cutting speed and correct use of cooling liquid, the local temperature of cutting processing is controlled below 100 ℃, the influence of performance indexes of the aluminum alloy during cutting processing is avoided, the quality and the service life of the large and medium transport airplane are improved, and the development and production cost of the large and medium transport airplane can be reduced.
2. Technical scheme
A control method for over-aging of an aluminum alloy material during cutting processing is characterized in that a high-speed steel cutter is adopted for cutting, and the cutting parameters are as follows:
controlling the cutting temperature generated by the parts, the clamp and the cutter, and controlling the cutting temperature within 140 ℃;
controlling the cutting angle of the cutter; the angle of the cutter is as follows: the front angle is 20-25 degrees, the rear angle is 10-15 degrees, and the inclination angle of the blade is about +3 degrees;
the cutting speed is as follows: 200 m/min to 600 m/min,
the cutting amount is: 0.5 mm/time to 5 mm/time.
In the control method, when the cutting temperature reaches 140 ℃ in the cutting process, cooling treatment is carried out on the machined surface of the part by using cooling liquid.
Preferably, the cutting temperature of the 7A04CS aluminum alloy is controlled within the aging temperature through the cutting processing test.
Preferably, the cutting temperature is monitored in real time, so that the part is prevented from generating an overaging phenomenon, meanwhile, the influence of the cutting temperature is avoided, and the mechanical property requirement of the material is met.
In the cutting process, a W18Cr4V high-speed steel cutter is selected to cut the aluminum alloy part, the cutter has the characteristics of light cutting speed, reduction of conversion energy consumption, reduction of the temperature of a cutting edge, reduction of cutter abrasion and the like, the angle of the cutter is generally selected to be 20-25 degrees for a front angle, 10-15 degrees for a rear angle, about +3 degrees for an edge inclination angle, preferably 22 degrees for the front angle, 13 degrees for the rear angle and 3 degrees for the edge inclination angle, and different parameters of the material of the high-speed steel cutter are slightly different.
Preferably, the machining surface is cooled during cutting by a cooling fluid, ensuring a temperature below 100 ° as far as possible. The cooling liquid is inorganic salt cooling liquid, so that the optimal cooling effect can be achieved, and the material is ensured to be carried out below the aging temperature.
Preferably, the parameters of the cut materials are solidified, and the parameters must be clearly and strictly controlled in the process procedure, so that the cutting quality is ensured, the consistency of the cut products is good, and the over-aging is prevented.
Preferably, the physical and chemical properties of the cut product are detected to evaluate the cutting effect.
3. Advantageous effects
From the test results, it can be seen that the control of the 7a04CS aluminum alloy cutting tool, the cutting speed, the cutting angle, the cutting amount, and the cutting temperature was performed. The cutting processing parameters are controlled and cured, so that the product yield is improved, the control of the inspection and detection processes is reduced, the processing and manufacturing period is shortened, and the personnel investment is reduced. After the local temperature of cutting processing is controlled below the aging temperature, the mechanical performance workpiece does not have similar phenomena in the cutting processing, the overall performance index of the airplane is stabilized, the product quality control program is improved, and the method has the characteristics of strong reliability, wide applicability, convenience in implementation and the like.
Drawings
The invention comprises 1 figure, the figures and the description of the figures are as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the sampling of the head and tail of the section bar
Wherein: head and tail No. 1 mechanical property test bars (simulated workpieces), head and tail No. 2 mechanical property test bars (simulated workpieces), and head and tail No. 3 mechanical property test bars (simulated workpieces).
Detailed Description
The control method provided by the invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the specific implementation process, and the invention is further illustrated by the mechanical property test of the cutting test bar.
A control method for generating overaging in cutting process of aluminum alloy material is to carry out processing test analysis on 7A04CS aluminum alloy in a final heat treatment state, in order to prevent unqualified mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material caused by the fact that the cutting temperature of the aluminum alloy exceeds the aging temperature of the aluminum alloy material in the cutting process, a cutting tool, a cutting speed, a cutting amount, a tool angle and a cutting temperature in the cutting process are strictly controlled, cooling liquid is correctly used, and finally the local temperature of a cutting workpiece is controlled to be below 100 ℃ of the aging temperature, therefore, the control method comprises the following contents:
the method is characterized in that according to the aging temperature requirement of GJB1694 'deformed aluminum alloy heat treatment specification', the aging temperature of a corresponding material is determined in the process, and the temperature generated in cutting processing is ensured not to exceed the aging temperature (exceeding the aging temperature which will occur) of the material; 135-145 deg.C
In view of the above requirements, the core point of the control method lies in the control of cutting parameters, in order to make the cutting light and fast, reduce the conversion energy consumption, reduce the blade temperature, and slow down the tool wear, a high-speed steel tool can be used in the aluminum alloy cutting, taking W18Cr4V as an example, and the cutting parameters are specifically controlled:
a. cutting speed: 200 m/min-600 m/min
b. Cutting amount: 0.5 mm/time to 5 mm/time
c. Selecting a cutter angle: the front angle is generally 20-25 degrees, the rear angle is generally 10-15 degrees, and the blade inclination angle is about +3 degrees
d. During the cutting process, the machining surface is cooled by using the emulsified cooling liquid.
And finally, performing trial processing and shaping, and then curing design and process requirements.
It should be noted here that the above process parameters can be included in the production process to form a standardized production process, and those skilled in the art use a unified implementation process to implement, so that the product consistency is good, and the production efficiency and the product quality are greatly improved.
Tests and data acquisition were performed on the desired aluminum alloy blank material (e.g., 7A04CS aluminum alloy profile)
1)7A04CS aluminum alloy section bar mechanical property test
According to the standard requirement of GJB2507, cutting partial excess materials from the heads of 7A04CS aluminum alloy sections with different structures, processing and manufacturing 11 tensile test bars with the same specification by using different equipment and different operators, and performing tests by using the same testing machine, wherein the mechanical property values of 3 test bars meet the standard requirement of GJB2507 shown in Table 1, and the mechanical properties of 8 sections do not meet the standard requirement of GJB2507 shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
2) Auxiliary tests for analysis of cause
Metallographic high power structure test
And taking a high-power sample from the unqualified mechanical property test bar, and observing and checking the sample by magnifying the sample by 500 times on an optical microscope, wherein no obvious tissue change is found, and no electron microscope observation is carried out.
② mechanical property comparison test
Cutting mechanical performance test bars on the head and tail of a section bar which is scrapped in size, wherein the part is shown in figure 1; processing two different units of test bars respectively, and performing mechanical performance tests by two different central laboratories respectively, which is shown in part 3;
TABLE 3
From the analysis in table 3, the mechanical properties obtained from the tests carried out in the various central laboratories vary widely. The mechanical property values measured by the test bars processed by the first central laboratory meet the GJB2507 standard requirement, and the average property is sigmab＝609.56MPa，σ0.2532MPa and δ 11%. The test bars processed by the second central laboratory were tested in the first, second and third laboratory, respectively, σbThe value is not qualified. Preliminary analysis: the error of the tensile machine for the three tests is not more than +/-1%. The reason why this test failed was that the local surface overheating occurred during the high-speed cutting process and the aging temperature of the 7a04CS aluminum alloy was exceeded, which may cause local overaging of the material structure, in the cutting process of the test bar, instead of the test equipment and test method. From the theory of quenching-aging-wetting of 7A04CS aluminum alloy, the cutting temperature of the alloy material is higher than 160 ℃ during the processing, so that the strengthening phase theta phase in the structure is transformed from unstable to the theta phase (CuAl2) at the temperature, thereby causing the mechanical property of the alloy material to be reduced.
Meanwhile, an infrared thermometer is adopted to measure the temperature of the cutting site, and the local surface temperature of the test bar is 140-160 ℃. In practice the temperature between the rake angle of the turning tool and the machined surface of the test bar is higher.
Influence of different temperatures on mechanical properties of 7A04CS aluminum alloy
The following tests were further conducted (see table 4) by simulating the influence of the high-speed cutting temperature range on the mechanical properties of the 7a04CS aluminum alloy material: the two processed mechanical property test bars with different diameters are respectively put into oil baths heated to different temperatures of 140 ℃, 175 ℃, 200 ℃ and the like, and the temperature is kept for 10 minutes.
TABLE 4
Analysis from table 4 of the following points:
a. the diameter of the mechanical property test bar has no obvious influence on the measured mechanical property value.
b. The test bar is put into an oil bath at 140 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10 minutes, and the mechanical value measured after the test bar is taken out has no obvious influence.
c. When the test bar was placed in an oil bath at 175 ℃ and kept for 10 minutes, the mechanical value measured after removal was lowered. The mechanical values measured for the test bars kept in an oil bath at 200 ℃ for 10 minutes are markedly reduced.
d. The test bar was placed in an oil bath at 225 ℃ and maintained for 10 minutes, and the mechanical property value was not qualified.
According to the tests, the local surface cutting temperature of the mechanical property test bar actually reaches about 225 ℃ when the 7A04CS aluminum alloy is subjected to a high-speed cutting process. Therefore, most of the alloy materials of the mechanical property test bars are locally overaged, so that the mechanical property measured by the test is unqualified, and the test accuracy of the reinspection and acceptance of the 7A04CS aluminum alloy raw material is influenced.
3) Technical measures taken
Through tests and analysis, in order to prevent the unqualified mechanical properties of the alloy material caused by the fact that the cutting temperature of the aluminum alloy profile exceeds the aging temperature of the alloy material in the cutting process, the local temperature of the cutting process is controlled below 100 ℃ by controlling the cutting speed, the cutting depth and correctly using cooling liquid, therefore, the processing process parameters and the processing method are brought into the production process, and the processing and cutting process card of a test bar (workpiece) is revised, so that similar phenomena do not occur in the production.
While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be noted that the above embodiments are not all routine techniques in the art; the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, wherein equipment and structures not described in detail are understood to be practiced in a manner common in the art; those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims to make various simple deductions, changes or substitutions, such as the cutting parameters listed in the specification, and can slightly deviate in practical implementation without departing from the essence of the invention; such modifications are to be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A control method for over-aging of an aluminum alloy material during cutting machining is characterized in that a high-speed steel cutter is adopted for cutting, and cutting parameters are controlled as follows:
controlling the cutting temperature generated by the parts, the clamp and the cutter, and controlling the cutting temperature within 140 ℃;
controlling the cutting angle of the cutter; the angle of the cutter is as follows: the front angle is 20-25 degrees, the rear angle is 10-15 degrees, and the inclination angle of the blade is about +3 degrees;
the cutting speed is as follows: 200 m/min to 600 m/min,
the cutting amount is: 0.5 mm/time to 5 mm/time.
2. The method for controlling overaging of an aluminum alloy material during cutting processing as recited in claim 1, wherein a cooling treatment is performed on a workpiece surface with a coolant when a cutting temperature reaches 140 ℃ during cutting.
3. The method for controlling over-aging of an aluminum alloy material during cutting processing as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutting temperature is monitored in real time.
4. The method for controlling over-aging of the aluminum alloy material during cutting according to claim 3, wherein the real-time temperature measurement and monitoring is performed by infrared temperature measurement and monitoring.
5. The method for controlling overaging of an aluminum alloy material during cutting according to claim 1, wherein the high-speed steel tool is a W18Cr4V high-speed steel tool.
6. The method of controlling overaging of an aluminum alloy material during cutting work according to claim 1, wherein the surface temperature of the part to be worked is reduced to 100 ° or less by cooling the surface of the part to be worked with a coolant during cutting.
7. The method for controlling over-aging of an aluminum alloy material during cutting according to any one of claims 2 or 6, wherein an inorganic salt coolant is used as the coolant.
8. The method of controlling overaging of an aluminum alloy material in cutting work according to claim 1, wherein a physical and chemical property of a product after cutting is measured.
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Application publication date: 20210709 |