CN113084466A - Method for processing helical gear with three-section consistent precision and helical gear - Google Patents
Method for processing helical gear with three-section consistent precision and helical gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN113084466A CN113084466A CN202110248902.7A CN202110248902A CN113084466A CN 113084466 A CN113084466 A CN 113084466A CN 202110248902 A CN202110248902 A CN 202110248902A CN 113084466 A CN113084466 A CN 113084466A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/17—Toothed wheels
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for processing helical gears with consistent three-section precision, which comprises the following steps of S1, and the method comprises the following steps of: putting the mixture into a furnace for strong infiltration; then reducing the carbon potential for diffusion; then cooling and quenching are carried out; then taking out the helical gear workpiece and air-cooling to room temperature; then putting the mixture into a deep cooling box for heat preservation; then placing the mixture in room temperature for returning to the temperature; finally, low-temperature tempering is carried out; s2, carrying out fine grinding on the inner circular surface and the end surface of the bevel gear workpiece after heat treatment; and S3, performing tooth surface modification grinding on the bevel gear workpiece after fine grinding, and simultaneously controlling and compensating the tooth surface distortion, thereby obtaining the bevel gear with consistent three-section precision. Through proper heat treatment, the internal stress of the helical gear is effectively eliminated, the deformation of the tooth body and the tooth form of the helical gear workpiece is reduced, the subsequent processing of the helical gear workpiece and the guarantee of the tooth form precision are facilitated, the requirement of consistent three-section precision is easily met, and the yield of the helical gear is improved. The invention also relates to a bevel gear.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bevel gears, in particular to a method for processing a bevel gear with three consistent cross-section precision and a bevel gear.
Background
The gear is one of the most common transmission parts in life, and is widely applied to products such as automobiles, ships, machine tools and the like. With the development of science and technology, the working environment of the gear gradually shifts towards the direction of high rotating speed and heavy load, so that the requirements on the precision, the service life and the like of the gear are higher and higher.
The prior art processes for machining helical gears include:
step 1: forging a cylindrical blank, and normalizing the forged blank;
step 2: roughly turning and chamfering the outer circular surface, the inner circular surface and the end surface of the normalized cylindrical blank, and leaving allowance on a single side to obtain a helical gear blank;
and step 3: roughly grinding the outer circular surface, the inner circular surface and the end surface of the helical gear blank;
and 4, step 4: clamping the helical gear blank by taking the inner circular surface and the end surface as positioning references, and hobbing to form a helical gear workpiece with an external tooth profile;
and 5: deburring the helical gear workpiece, and removing cutting scraps generated in the hobbing process;
step 6: performing carbonitriding heat treatment on the helical gear workpiece, and then performing low-temperature tempering treatment to obtain the helical gear workpiece with a certain diffusion layer and hardness;
and 7: throwing sand for 30-60 seconds to the bevel gear workpiece, and removing an oxide layer formed on the surface of the bevel gear workpiece due to heat treatment;
and 8: finely grinding the inner circle surface and the end surface of the helical gear workpiece;
and step 9: clamping the helical gear workpiece by taking the inner circular surface and the end surface as positioning references, carrying out tooth surface shape modifying grinding, and simultaneously controlling and compensating the tooth surface distortion, thereby obtaining the helical gear.
The helical gear processed by the prior art can only ensure the accuracy of a single section of the gear in the tooth profile and tooth direction directions, and cannot ensure that tooth profile error values of three sections randomly selected in the tooth profile or the tooth direction are in the same accuracy range.
Meanwhile, the gear detection of many manufacturers only detects the accuracy of the gear tooth profile and the single section of the tooth direction at present, and ignores the accuracy of other sections, so that the helical gear transmission is easy to generate vibration and noise, and the service life of the helical gear is short.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is as follows: the method can effectively eliminate the internal stress of the helical gear workpiece, reduce the deformation of the tooth body and the tooth shape of the helical gear workpiece, is favorable for meeting the requirement of the three-section precision consistency, and improves the yield of the helical gears.
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the second purpose of the invention is as follows: provided is a helical gear, wherein the accuracy of three cross sections of the gear teeth arbitrarily cut along the tooth profile direction or three cross sections arbitrarily cut along the tooth axial direction is uniform.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for processing a helical gear with three consistent cross-section precision comprises the following steps,
s1, performing heat treatment on the bevel gear workpiece, wherein the heat treatment comprises the following steps:
placing the helical gear workpiece in a furnace with carbon potential of 0.95-1.3% and temperature of 900-950 ℃ for 3-4 hours for strong permeation;
then, the carbon potential is reduced to 0.75 to 0.85 percent in the furnace for 50 to 70min for diffusion under the constant temperature;
then the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 820 ℃ and 870 ℃, the carbon potential of 0.75-0.85 percent is kept unchanged for 45-65min, and the temperature is reduced;
then putting the workpiece into 100-160 ℃ graded quenching oil for quenching for 10-20 min;
then taking out the helical gear workpiece and air-cooling to room temperature;
then placing the bevel gear workpiece cooled to room temperature into a deep cooling box, and preserving heat for 2-4 hours at the temperature of minus 50-minus 180 ℃;
then taking out the workpiece and placing the workpiece in room temperature for temperature return;
finally, the helical gear workpiece which is restored to the room temperature is placed into a tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering, and the tempering time is 3-5 hours;
s2, carrying out fine grinding on the inner circular surface and the end surface of the bevel gear workpiece after heat treatment;
and S3, performing tooth surface modification grinding on the bevel gear workpiece after fine grinding, and simultaneously controlling and compensating the tooth surface distortion, thereby obtaining the bevel gear with consistent three-section precision.
Further, the temperature of the strong infiltration stage is 930 ℃, the carbon potential is 1.3%, and the strong infiltration time is 4 hours; the temperature of the diffusion stage is 930 ℃, the carbon potential is 0.85 percent, and the diffusion time is 60 min; the temperature of the cooling stage is 850 ℃, the carbon potential is 0.85%, and the cooling time is 60 min.
Further, quenching was achieved by staged quenching in hot oil at 120 ℃ for 15 min.
Further, the deep cooling is realized by keeping the temperature at-100 ℃ for 2 hours.
Further, after heat treatment, the depth of the penetration layer of the bevel gear workpiece is 0.5-0.7mm, the surface hardness is 58-63HRC, and the core hardness is 32-42 HRC.
Furthermore, after the inner circle surface and the end surface are finely ground, the cylindricity of the inner circle surface is within 0.008mm, and the flatness of the end surface is within 0.01 mm.
Further, the lapping amount of the relief lapping was 0.003 mm.
Further, after the tooth surface distortion is controlled and compensated, the precision grade of the three sections of the bevel gear is 6 grades.
A helical gear comprises gear teeth, wherein the precision of three sections of the gear teeth cut randomly along the tooth profile direction or three sections of the gear teeth cut randomly along the tooth profile direction is consistent.
Further, the accuracy includes tooth profile pitch deviation and tooth helix pitch deviation.
In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:
by controlling links such as proper diffusion time and the like, the internal stress of the helical gear workpiece caused by a plurality of steps before heat treatment is effectively eliminated, the deformation of the tooth body and the tooth form of the helical gear workpiece is reduced, the subsequent processing of the helical gear workpiece and the guarantee of the tooth form precision are facilitated, the helical gear can meet the requirement of consistent three-section precision after the tooth surface modification grinding and the tooth surface distortion control compensation, and the yield of the helical gear is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the heat treatment process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic three-section view of the gear tooth profile and tooth direction of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the processing procedure of the helical gears with three sections having consistent precision.
Description of reference numerals:
1-gear teeth.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Example 1
A method for processing a helical gear with three consistent cross-section precision comprises the following steps,
s1, as shown in fig. 1, the heat treating the helical gear workpiece includes:
placing the helical gear workpiece in a furnace with carbon potential of 1.05% and temperature of 900 ℃ for 3 hours for strong penetration;
then, the carbon potential is reduced to 0.8 percent in a furnace at constant temperature and kept for 50min for diffusion;
then the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 820 ℃, the carbon potential of 0.8 percent is kept unchanged for 55min, and the temperature is reduced;
then putting the workpiece into 120 ℃ graded quenching oil for 15min for quenching;
then taking out the helical gear workpiece and air-cooling to room temperature;
then placing the bevel gear workpiece cooled to room temperature into a deep cooling box, and preserving heat for 2 hours at-120 ℃;
then taking out the workpiece and placing the workpiece in room temperature for temperature return;
finally, the helical gear workpiece which is restored to the room temperature is placed into a tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering, and the tempering time is 3 hours;
s2, carrying out fine grinding on the inner circular surface and the end surface of the bevel gear workpiece after heat treatment;
and S3, performing tooth surface modification grinding on the bevel gear workpiece after fine grinding, and simultaneously controlling and compensating the tooth surface distortion, thereby obtaining the bevel gear with consistent three-section precision.
As shown in fig. 2, the three sections of the helical gear are taken as examples, and the tooth profile direction is taken as three sections: a section A which is 10% of the tooth width length away from the left end face, a section B which is 50% of the tooth width length away from the left end face, and a section C which is 10% of the tooth width length away from the right end face; three sections selected in the tooth direction are as follows: section D10% tooth height from the tip, section E50% tooth height from the tip, and section F10% tooth height from the bottom. The prior art machined bevel gears are generally difficult to ensure that the tooth profile error values of the sections A, B and C, or the sections D, E and F, are within the same precision range.
Because the machining processes of the bevel gear are various, the method relates to multiple steps and links such as material selection, forging, normalizing, rough turning, rough grinding, gear hobbing, burr trimming, heat treatment, oxide layer removal, fine grinding, tooth surface shaping grinding, tooth surface distortion control compensation and the like of rough blanks, the yield of a final product is a comprehensive result of various influencing factors, and a person skilled in the art does not know which step or link can influence the three-section precision consistency of the bevel gear in the actual industrial production.
Through a large number of experiments, the applicant of the present application finds that the three-section precision of the helical gear in the prior art is difficult to achieve consistency mainly because the thermal treatment process of the helical gear is poorly controlled, for example, the diffusion time is too long, so that the surface hardness of the helical gear after thermal treatment is insufficient, the improvement on the tooth shape deformation and tooth shape deformation of a helical gear workpiece is small, and subsequent tooth surface shaping grinding and tooth surface distortion control compensation are not facilitated, so that the helical gear is difficult to achieve the requirement of three-section precision consistency finally.
According to the embodiment, a better heat treatment method is utilized, links such as proper diffusion time are controlled, internal stress brought to the helical gear workpiece by a plurality of steps before heat treatment is effectively eliminated, deformation of a tooth body and a tooth form of the helical gear workpiece is reduced, subsequent processing of the helical gear workpiece and guarantee of tooth form precision are facilitated, after tooth surface modification grinding and tooth surface distortion control compensation are carried out, the helical gear can meet the requirement of consistent three-section precision, and the yield of the helical gear is improved.
Tests show that after the heat treatment, the depth of the carbonitriding layer of the bevel gear is 0.6mm, the surface hardness is 58HRC, and the core hardness is 35 HRC. After tooth surface modification grinding and tooth surface distortion control compensation, the bevel gear with the accuracy grade below 6 is finally obtained, and the parameters are shown in the table I.
As can be seen from the table I, the helical gears manufactured by the embodiment have consistent three-section precision.
The comparative example uses the prior art heat treatment procedure, and after the same flank relief grinding and flank twist control compensation, the final helical gear parameters are as shown in table two.
Watch two
As can be seen from the table II, the helical gears manufactured by the comparative examples have inconsistent three-section accuracy.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, before performing the heat treatment on the helical gear workpiece, the method further includes the following steps:
step 1: forging a cylindrical blank made of 20CrMnTiH material, normalizing the forged blank to eliminate the internal stress of the material, refine the crystal grains of the steel, reduce the hardness of the material and improve the cutting performance of the blank.
Step 2: roughly turning and chamfering the outer circular surface, the inner circular surface and the end surface of the cylindrical blank obtained in the step 1, and reserving a margin of 0.5-1mm at a single side to obtain a helical gear blank;
and step 3: roughly grinding the outer circular surface, the inner circular surface and the end surface of the bevel gear blank obtained in the step 2 to ensure that the cylindricity of the outer circular surface and the cylindricity of the inner circular surface are within 0.01mm and the flatness of the end surface is within 0.03 mm;
and 4, step 4: clamping the helical gear blank obtained in the step (3) by taking the inner circular surface and the end surface as positioning references, and hobbing to form a helical gear with an external tooth profile, wherein the gear precision grade is not lower than 8 grade;
and 5: and (4) deburring the bevel gear obtained in the step (4) and removing chips generated in the hobbing process.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the temperature of the strong infiltration stage is 930 ℃, the carbon potential is 1.3 percent, and the strong infiltration time is 4 hours; the temperature of the diffusion stage is 930 ℃, the carbon potential is 0.85 percent, and the diffusion time is 60 min; the temperature of the cooling stage is 850 ℃, the carbon potential is 0.85%, and the cooling time is 60 min. Then putting the workpiece into graded quenching oil at 140 ℃ for 20min for quenching; then taking out the helical gear workpiece and air-cooling to room temperature; then placing the bevel gear workpiece cooled to room temperature into a deep cooling box, and preserving heat for 3 hours at-140 ℃; then taking out the workpiece and placing the workpiece in room temperature for temperature return; and finally, putting the bevel gear workpiece restored to the room temperature into a tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering for 4 hours.
Tests show that after the heat treatment, the depth of the carbonitriding layer of the bevel gear is 0.7mm, the surface hardness is 63HRC, and the core hardness is 42 HRC.
Example 3
A helical gear comprises a gear tooth 1, wherein the precision of three sections of the gear tooth 1 cut along the tooth profile direction at will or the precision of three sections of the gear tooth 1 cut along the tooth direction at will are consistent. The gear teeth 1 are made of 20CrMnTiH material.
The accuracy includes tooth profile pitch deviation and tooth helix pitch deviation.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for processing helical gears with three sections with consistent precision is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, performing heat treatment on the bevel gear workpiece, wherein the heat treatment comprises the following steps:
placing the helical gear workpiece in a furnace with carbon potential of 0.95-1.3% and temperature of 900-950 ℃ for 3-4 hours for strong permeation;
then, the carbon potential is reduced to 0.75 to 0.85 percent in the furnace for 50 to 70min for diffusion under the constant temperature;
then the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 820 ℃ and 870 ℃, the carbon potential of 0.75-0.85 percent is kept unchanged for 45-65min, and the temperature is reduced;
then putting the workpiece into 100-160 ℃ graded quenching oil for quenching for 10-20 min;
then taking out the helical gear workpiece and air-cooling to room temperature;
then placing the bevel gear workpiece cooled to room temperature into a deep cooling box, and preserving heat for 2-4 hours at the temperature of minus 50-minus 180 ℃;
then taking out the workpiece and placing the workpiece in room temperature for temperature return;
finally, the helical gear workpiece which is restored to the room temperature is placed into a tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering, and the tempering time is 3-5 hours;
s2, carrying out fine grinding on the inner circular surface and the end surface of the bevel gear workpiece after heat treatment;
and S3, performing tooth surface modification grinding on the bevel gear workpiece after fine grinding, and simultaneously controlling and compensating the tooth surface distortion, thereby obtaining the bevel gear with consistent three-section precision.
2. A method for machining a helical gear with three sections having the same precision according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the strong infiltration stage is 930 ℃, the carbon potential is 1.3 percent, and the strong infiltration time is 4 hours; the temperature of the diffusion stage is 930 ℃, the carbon potential is 0.85 percent, and the diffusion time is 60 min; the temperature of the cooling stage is 850 ℃, the carbon potential is 0.85%, and the cooling time is 60 min.
3. A method for machining a helical gear with three sections having the same precision according to claim 1, wherein: quenching is carried out by staged quenching in hot oil at 120 ℃ for 15 min.
4. A method for machining a helical gear with three sections having the same precision according to claim 1, wherein: deep cooling is realized by keeping the temperature at-100 ℃ for 2 hours.
5. A method for machining a helical gear with three sections having the same precision according to claim 1, wherein: after heat treatment, the depth of the infiltrated layer of the helical gear workpiece is 0.5-0.7mm, the surface hardness is 58-63HRC, and the core hardness is 32-42 HRC.
6. A method for machining a helical gear with three sections having the same precision according to claim 1, wherein: after the inner circle surface and the end surface are finely ground, the cylindricity of the inner circle surface is within 0.008mm, and the planeness of the end surface is within 0.01 mm.
7. A method for machining a helical gear with three sections having the same precision according to claim 1, wherein: the lapping amount of the relief lapping was 0.003 mm.
8. A method for machining a helical gear with three sections having the same precision according to claim 1, wherein: after the tooth surface distortion is controlled and compensated, the precision grade of the three sections of the bevel gear is 6 grades.
9. A helical gear, which is processed by adopting the processing method of the helical gear with three sections with consistent precision as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises gear teeth, and is characterized in that: the three sections of the gear tooth randomly cut along the tooth profile direction or the three sections randomly cut along the tooth axial direction have the same precision.
10. A helical gear according to claim 9, wherein: the accuracy includes tooth profile pitch deviation and tooth helix pitch deviation.
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| CN202110248902.7A CN113084466B (en) | 2021-03-08 | 2021-03-08 | Method for processing helical gear with three-section consistent precision and helical gear |
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| CN202110248902.7A CN113084466B (en) | 2021-03-08 | 2021-03-08 | Method for processing helical gear with three-section consistent precision and helical gear |
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