CN113083787A - Heavy metal polluted soil cleaning device and method for laboratory - Google Patents
Heavy metal polluted soil cleaning device and method for laboratory Download PDFInfo
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- CN113083787A CN113083787A CN202110368571.0A CN202110368571A CN113083787A CN 113083787 A CN113083787 A CN 113083787A CN 202110368571 A CN202110368571 A CN 202110368571A CN 113083787 A CN113083787 A CN 113083787A
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- sludge
- filter plate
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- HAYXDMNJJFVXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic(5+) Chemical compound [As+5] HAYXDMNJJFVXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(2+) Chemical compound [Hg+2] BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2] RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 mercury ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010063659 Aversion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/102—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration with means for agitating the liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B13/00—Accessories or details of general applicability for machines or apparatus for cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/02—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
- B08B7/026—Using sound waves
- B08B7/028—Using ultrasounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/087—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by methods involving the use of tools, e.g. brushes, scrapers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/093—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/3103—Atomic absorption analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1813—Specific cations in water, e.g. heavy metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
- C02F1/705—Reduction by metals
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for cleaning heavy metal contaminated soil for a laboratory, which comprises a cleaning water tank and a pipeline sampling backflow mechanism connected to one side of the cleaning water tank, wherein a coarse filter plate, a fine filter plate and a polymer ultrafiltration membrane are arranged in the cleaning water tank, the cleaning water tank is divided into an open cleaning chamber, a sealed sludge chamber, a sealed electrolysis chamber and a negative pressure chamber through the coarse filter plate, the fine filter plate and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane, and one sides of the coarse filter plate, the fine filter plate and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane are respectively provided with an adjusting sealed plugboard; a cleaning device and a flushing mechanism are arranged in the open cleaning chamber, one side of the sealed sludge chamber is connected with a sludge drying mechanism, and the side wall of the negative pressure chamber is provided with a detection device. According to the device and the method for cleaning the heavy metal polluted soil for the laboratory, the pollution sources in the sewage are filtered out through the polymer ultrafiltration membrane for centralized treatment, and the pollution sources are matched with the detection device for collection and detection, so that the phenomenon that the sewage is discharged under the condition of not reaching the standard is effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a device and a method for cleaning heavy metal polluted soil for a laboratory.
Background
The heavy metal pollution of soil (referred to as soil heavy metal pollution) refers to the condition that the content of trace metal elements in soil exceeds the background value and is excessively high due to excessive deposition because of human activities. With the rapid development of the industry in China in recent decades, heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic and the like are increasingly seriously threatened to the health of human bodies, the ecological environment and the stability of foundations due to the undegradability and the lasting existence of the heavy metals. When the polluted soil is researched by leaching, curing, reducing, vertical partition wall repairing technologies and the like, indoor experimental research is usually carried out in a laboratory; the traditional treatment of soil heavy metal pollution in corresponding laboratories such as civil engineering, environmental engineering and the like generally adopts a cleaning and filtering mode or adopts large-scale mechanical treatment after unified collection, and the treatment modes of the polluted soil samples lack pertinence and can not obtain whether the discharged sewage reaches the discharge standard after cleaning, which may lead to direct pollution to domestic water sources after pollutant and sewage discharge.
The existing heavy metal contaminated soil treatment device and the laboratory cleaning device are difficult to meet the emission requirements of the laboratory heavy metal contaminated soil cleaning device, the existing developed heavy metal contaminated soil cleaning device is mostly used for treating large-range heavy metal contaminated soil, for example, the "heavy metal contaminated soil treatment system and process" of patent No. CN201811458076.3, the "heavy metal contaminated soil treatment system and process" of patent No. CN201910383816.X, the existing developed laboratory cleaning device cannot treat or detect heavy metal contaminants, for example, the "laboratory cleaning device" of patent No. CN201710397948.9, the "laboratory cleaning device" of patent No. CN201711383666.X, the "laboratory cleaning device for laboratory" CN201710088522.5 "is a water-splashing-proof laboratory water tank. However, the cleaning devices are not suitable for cleaning heavy metal contaminated soil in a laboratory, and firstly, the functions are different, the heavy metal contaminated soil treatment system is mainly used for efficiently sorting and repairing large-range contaminated soil, the common laboratory cleaning device is mainly used for cleaning the laboratory, and the laboratory heavy metal contaminated soil cleaning device is mainly used for cleaning and discharging contaminated soil samples; secondly, the discharge standards are different, the concentration, the pH value and the like of pollutants in the polluted water after being cleaned need to be detected by the heavy metal polluted soil cleaning device for the laboratory, and the polluted water can be discharged after meeting the comprehensive sewage discharge standard (GB 8978-; and thirdly, all components of the heavy metal polluted soil cleaning device for the laboratory are assembled, so that the heavy metal polluted soil cleaning device is easy to disassemble and replace, and is firm and durable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a device and a method for cleaning heavy metal contaminated soil for a laboratory.
A heavy metal contaminated soil cleaning device for a laboratory comprises a cleaning water tank and a pipeline sampling backflow mechanism connected to one side of the cleaning water tank, wherein a coarse filter plate, a fine filter plate and a polymer ultrafiltration membrane are arranged in the cleaning water tank, the cleaning water tank is divided into an open cleaning chamber, a sealed sludge chamber, a sealed electrolysis chamber and a negative pressure chamber through the coarse filter plate, the fine filter plate and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane, and adjusting sealed inserting plates are arranged on one sides of the coarse filter plate, the fine filter plate and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane; a cleaning device and a washing mechanism are arranged in the open cleaning chamber, one side of the sealed sludge chamber is connected with a sludge drying mechanism, and the side wall of the negative pressure chamber is provided with a detection device; an electrolytic plate is arranged in the sealed electrolytic chamber, the adjusting sealed inserting plate comprises an inserting plate and a sealing cover, one end of the inserting plate penetrates through the sealing cover, a sealing ring is arranged on one side, close to the cleaning water tank, of the sealing cover, and a bolt connected with the cleaning water tank is arranged on the sealing cover; still including the controller, controller electric connection belt cleaning device, wash mechanism, sludge drying mechanism, detection device and pipeline sampling backward flow mechanism.
Preferably, the pipeline sampling reflux mechanism comprises a reflux pipe and a delivery pipe communicated with the negative pressure chamber, a three-way valve, a water pump and two micro-collecting devices are arranged on the delivery pipe, one end of the reflux pipe is communicated with the three-way valve, and the other end of the reflux pipe is communicated with the sealed electrolysis chamber; and the two micro-collecting devices are respectively connected with a full-automatic atomic absorption spectrophotometer and a water quality PH sensor.
Preferably, the micro-collection device is including push rod, sampling pipe and aversion position pipe, be provided with the silica gel stopper in the sampling pipe and remove the silica gel stopper, keep away the position pipe and pass through sampling pipe and contact tube intercommunication, push rod one end is connected with the cylinder, the push rod other end runs through to keep away position pipe, sampling pipe and remove the silica gel stopper and be connected with the silica gel stopper, the cover is equipped with return spring on the push rod, return spring sets up between the silica gel stopper and remove the silica gel stopper, it is provided with the stopper on the push rod of return spring one side to remove the silica gel stopper, sampling pipe one side is connected with the sampling honeycomb duct, cylinder electric connection controller.
Preferably, the detection device comprises a lead ion sensor, a mercury ion detection device and an arsenic ion detection device, the mercury ion detection device and the arsenic ion detection device both comprise a detection tube and a plug, one end of the detection tube penetrates through the side wall of the cleaning water tank and extends into the negative pressure chamber, a shaping rod is arranged in the detection tube, a sealing return spring and a sealing plug are sleeved on the shaping rod, a liquid inlet is arranged on one side of the detection tube and is arranged in the negative pressure chamber, a test paper chamber is arranged in the plug, a liquid inlet hole communicated with the test paper chamber is arranged on one side of the plug, and the liquid inlet hole is communicated with the liquid inlet; the controller is electrically connected with the lead ion sensor; and one end of the shaping rod, which is close to the plug, is provided with a limiting block.
Preferably, the cleaning device comprises a support and a rotating shaft, a clamp is arranged on the support, a motor is arranged at the bottom of the open type cleaning chamber, one end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the bottom of the open type cleaning chamber and is connected with a power rod of the motor, an ultrasonic brush is arranged at the other end of the rotating shaft, and a stirring blade is arranged on the rotating shaft; the motor is electrically connected with the controller.
Preferably, the flushing mechanism comprises a connecting pipe, an inlet pipe and an adjusting pipe, an adjustable spray head and a plurality of flushing heads are arranged in the open type cleaning chamber, the flushing heads are communicated with the inlet pipe through the connecting pipe, the adjustable spray head is connected to one end of the adjusting pipe, the other end of the adjusting pipe is connected with a fixed pipe, one end of the fixed pipe is communicated with the inlet pipe, electric gate valves are arranged on the connecting pipe and the fixed pipe, and the electric gate valves are electrically connected with the controller.
Preferably, the sludge drying mechanism comprises a guide pipe and a dehydrator, the dehydrator is communicated with the sealed sludge chamber through the guide pipe, and the guide pipe is provided with a discharge valve and a sludge box; the controller is electrically connected with the discharge valve and the dehydrator.
Preferably, reduced iron powder is added into the coarse filter plate; activated carbon is added in the fine filter plate.
A method for cleaning heavy metal contaminated soil for laboratories comprises the following steps:
step 1: pouring a part of tested heavy metal polluted soil into the open type cleaning chamber, simultaneously starting the cleaning device for stirring, and simultaneously washing sediments at the bottom of the open type cleaning chamber by the washing mechanism;
step 2: starting a water pump to form negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber so that sewage in the open type cleaning chamber permeates into the sealed sludge chamber, the sealed electrolysis chamber and the negative pressure chamber in sequence;
and step 3: the height of the inserting plate is adjusted, and the speed of the sewage permeating the coarse filter plate, the fine filter plate and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane is controlled;
and 4, step 4: acquiring whether data detected by a lead ion sensor, a mercury ion detection device, an arsenic ion detection device, a full-automatic atomic absorption spectrophotometer and a water quality PH sensor is qualified or not, and if the data is not qualified, switching a pipeline to a return pipe through a three-way valve to guide sewage into a sealed electrolytic chamber for repeated filtration;
and 5: the sewage permeation position is controlled at the bottom position of the cleaning water tank by continuously adjusting the height of the inserting plate, so that the sewage at the bottom of the cleaning water tank can be filtered out;
step 6: and after the filtration is finished, the water pump is closed, the discharge valve is opened simultaneously to discharge the sludge into the sludge tank, when the sludge is concentrated to a certain extent, the sludge is separated from the water treatment through the dehydrator, and the sludge after the dehydration treatment is buried.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and (4) detecting the mercury ion detection device and the arsenic ion detection device by using test paper, wherein the test paper detection time period is 5-30 minutes once.
Has the advantages that:
(1) according to the device and the method for cleaning heavy metal contaminated soil for the laboratory, disclosed by the invention, pollution sources in sewage are filtered out through the filter plate for centralized treatment, and meanwhile, the pollution sources are matched with the detection device for collection and detection, so that the phenomenon that the sewage is discharged under the condition of not reaching the standard is effectively avoided.
(2) According to the device and the method for cleaning heavy metal polluted soil for the laboratory, the amount of sewage collected each time is controlled by the micro-collecting device, the problem that more sewage directly enters a full-automatic atomic absorption spectrophotometer or a water quality pH sensor to influence the detection accuracy is avoided, and less sewage detection samples are collected by detection equipment.
(3) According to the device and the method for cleaning heavy metal contaminated soil for the laboratory, provided by the invention, mercury ions and arsenic ions are detected by adopting the test paper, and the pressing type penetration detection can be directly carried out when the mercury ion detection device and the arsenic ion detection device are used for detecting, so that the detection is simpler and more direct, and the sampling detection of instruments is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cleaning apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of the cleaning apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the micro-scale collection apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the detecting device;
reference numbers in the figures: 1-a cleaning water tank, 11-a coarse filter plate, 12-a fine filter plate, 13-a polymer ultrafiltration membrane, 14-an open cleaning chamber, 15-a sealed sludge chamber, 16-a sealed electrolytic chamber, 17-a negative pressure chamber, 18-an electrolytic plate, 2-an adjusting sealed inserting plate, 21-an inserting plate, 22-a sealed cover, 23-a sealing ring, 3-a cleaning device, 31-a bracket, 32-a clamp, 33-a motor, 34-a stirring blade, 35-a rotating shaft, 36-an ultrasonic hairbrush, 4-a flushing mechanism, 41-a flushing head, 42-a connecting pipe, 43-a gate valve, 44-a water inlet pipe, 45-an adjustable nozzle, 46-an adjusting pipe, 47-a fixed pipe, 5-a sludge drying mechanism and 51-a guide pipe, 52-discharge valve, 53-sludge box, 54-dehydrator, 6-detection device, 61-lead ion sensor, 62-mercury ion detection device, 63-arsenic ion detection device, 64-detection tube, 65-shaping rod, 66-sealing return spring, 67-liquid inlet, 68-sealing plug, 69-plug, 610-liquid inlet hole, 611-test paper chamber, 7-micro-collection device, 71-cylinder, 72-silica gel plug, 73-return spring, 74-moving silica gel plug, 75-limiting block, 76-push rod, 77-sampling tube, 78-avoiding tube, 79-sampling guide tube, 8-pipeline sampling reflux mechanism, 81-guide tube, 82-three-way valve, 83-reflux tube, 84-water pump, 85-full-automatic atomic absorption spectrophotometer and 86-water quality PH sensor.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-4; a heavy metal contaminated soil cleaning device for a laboratory comprises a cleaning water tank 1 and a pipeline sampling backflow mechanism 8 connected to one side of the cleaning water tank 1, wherein a coarse filter plate 11, a fine filter plate 12 and a polymer ultrafiltration membrane 13 are arranged in the cleaning water tank 1, the cleaning water tank 1 is divided into an open type cleaning chamber 14, a sealed sludge chamber 15, a sealed electrolysis chamber 16 and a negative pressure chamber 17 through the coarse filter plate 11, the fine filter plate 12 and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane 13, and adjusting sealed inserting plates 2 are arranged on one sides of the coarse filter plate 11, the fine filter plate 12 and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane 13; a cleaning device 3 and a flushing mechanism 4 are arranged in the open cleaning chamber 14, one side of the sealed sludge chamber 15 is connected with a sludge drying mechanism 5, and a detection device 6 is arranged on the side wall of the negative pressure chamber 17; an electrolytic plate 18 is arranged in the sealed electrolytic chamber 16, the adjusting sealed inserting plate 2 comprises an inserting plate 21 and a sealing cover 22, one end of the inserting plate 21 penetrates through the sealing cover 22, a sealing ring 23 is arranged on one side, close to the cleaning water tank 1, of the sealing cover 22, and a bolt connected with the cleaning water tank 1 is arranged on the sealing cover 22; the device also comprises a controller, wherein the controller is electrically connected with the cleaning device 3, the washing mechanism 4, the sludge drying mechanism 5, the detection device 6 and the pipeline sampling and refluxing mechanism 8; the pipeline sampling reflux mechanism 8 comprises a reflux pipe 83 and a delivery pipe 81 communicated with the negative pressure chamber 17, a three-way valve 82, a water pump 84 and two micro-collecting devices 7 are arranged on the delivery pipe 81, one end of the reflux pipe 83 is communicated with the three-way valve 82, and the other end of the reflux pipe 83 is communicated with the sealed electrolytic chamber 16; the two micro-collecting devices 7 are respectively connected with a full-automatic atomic absorption spectrophotometer 85 and a water quality PH sensor 86; trace collection system 7 is including push rod 76, sampling pipe 77 and avoiding position pipe 78, be provided with silica gel stopper 72 in the sampling pipe 77 and remove silica gel stopper 74, avoid position pipe 78 to pass through sampling pipe 77 and contact tube 81 intercommunication, push rod 76 one end is connected with cylinder 71, the push rod 76 other end runs through and keeps away position pipe 78, sampling pipe 77 and removes silica gel stopper 74 and be connected with silica gel stopper 72, the cover is equipped with return spring 73 on the push rod 76, return spring 73 sets up between silica gel stopper 72 and removal silica gel stopper 74, it is provided with stopper 75 on the push rod 76 of return spring 73 one side to remove silica gel stopper 74, sampling pipe 77 one side is connected with sampling honeycomb duct 79, cylinder 71 electric connection controller.
Introducing heavy metal polluted soil into the open type cleaning chamber 14, and simultaneously opening the washing mechanism 4 through the controller to wash the heavy metal polluted soil; starting a cleaning device 3 for brushing an experimental appliance through a controller, and sampling a PLC (programmable logic controller) by the controller; meanwhile, the depth of the insert plate 21 inserted into the cleaning water tank 1 is adjusted to achieve the effect of adjusting the pressure state in the sealed sludge chamber 15, the sealed electrolysis chamber 16 and the negative pressure chamber 17 to achieve the effect of controlling the filtering speed, the coarse filtering plate 11, the fine filtering plate 12 and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane 13 are sealed with the inner wall of the cleaning water tank 1 through sealing strips to avoid the reduction of the filtering effect, the insert plate 21 is adjusted to be tightly attached to the corresponding filtering plate, and the cleaning water tank 1, the filtering plate and the insert plate 21 are sealed through the sealing cover 22 and the sealing ring 23; the controller starts the water pump 84 to form negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber 17, so that the cleaning sewage in the open type cleaning chamber 14 flows into the sealed sludge chamber 15, the sealed electrolysis chamber 16 and the negative pressure chamber 17 in sequence, is led out through the lead-out pipe 81 communicated with the negative pressure chamber 17, is subjected to lead ion, mercury ion and arsenic ion detection through the detection device 6 in the negative pressure chamber 17 after entering the negative pressure chamber 17, is led out through the lead-out pipe 81 after detection is finished, and the sewage which does not reach the standard is switched through the three-way valve 82 and is led into the sealed electrolysis chamber 16 again through the return pipe 83 for filtering; when the sewage passes through the leading-out pipe 81, the sewage is sent to a full-automatic atomic absorption spectrophotometer 85 and a water quality pH sensor 86 for sewage detection through two micro-collecting devices 7, and the sewage which does not reach the standard is led into the sealed electrolytic chamber 16 through the return pipe 83 again for filtration; the micro-collecting device 7 operates on the principle that the air cylinder 71 drives the push rod 76 to move, so that the silica gel plug 72 enters the delivery pipe 81, sewage enters between the silica gel plug 72 and the movable silica gel plug 74, when the controller controls the cylinder 71 to drive the push rod 76 to move, the silica gel plug 72 and the moving silica gel plug 74 are completely inserted into the sampling tube 77, the sewage between the silicone plug 72 and the movable silicone plug 74 also enters the sampling tube 77, and at this time, the air cylinder 71 drives the push rod 76 to move continuously, so that the stop block 75 enters the avoiding tube 78, the movable silica gel plug 74 is limited in the sampling tube 77, so that the silica gel plug 72 and the movable silica gel plug 74 are close to each other, the sewage between the silica gel plug 72 and the movable silica gel plug 74 is extruded into the sampling draft tube 79, the sewage enters a full-automatic atomic absorption spectrophotometer 85 or a water quality PH sensor 86 through a sampling guide pipe 79, and the quantity of the sewage led into a detection device can be effectively controlled; after the detection is completed, the water is directly discharged through the discharge pipe 81, and the unqualified water is reintroduced into the sealed electrolytic chamber 16 through the return pipe 83 for filtration.
A method for cleaning heavy metal contaminated soil for laboratories comprises the following steps:
step 1: pouring a part of the heavy metal polluted soil after the experiment into the open type cleaning chamber 14, simultaneously starting the cleaning device 3 for stirring, and simultaneously washing sediments at the bottom of the open type cleaning chamber 14 by the washing mechanism 4;
step 2: starting the water pump 84 to form negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber 17 so that the sewage in the open type cleaning chamber 14 permeates into the sealed sludge chamber 15, the sealed electrolysis chamber 16 and the negative pressure chamber 17 in sequence;
and step 3: the height of the inserting plate 21 is adjusted, and the speed of the sewage permeating the coarse filter plate 11, the fine filter plate 12 and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane 13 is controlled;
and 4, step 4: acquiring whether the data detected by the lead ion sensor 61, the mercury ion detection device 62, the arsenic ion detection device 63, the full-automatic atomic absorption spectrophotometer 85 and the water quality pH sensor 86 is qualified or not, and if the data is unqualified, switching the pipeline to a return pipe 83 through a three-way valve 82 to guide the sewage into the sealed electrolysis chamber 16 for repeated filtration; the mercury ion detection device 62 and the arsenic ion detection device 63 adopt test paper for detection, and the test paper detection time period is from 5 minutes to 30 minutes;
and 5: the sewage permeation position is controlled at the bottom position of the cleaning water tank 1 by continuously adjusting the height of the inserting plate 21, so that the sewage at the bottom of the cleaning water tank 1 can be filtered out;
step 6: after the filtration is completed, the water pump 84 is closed, and at the same time, the discharge valve 52 is opened to discharge the sludge into the sludge tank 53, when the sludge is concentrated to a certain extent, the water treatment is separated by the dewatering machine 54, and the sludge after the dewatering treatment is buried.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, the detection device 6 includes a lead ion sensor 61, a mercury ion detection device 62, and an arsenic ion detection device 63, where the mercury ion detection device 62 and the arsenic ion detection device 63 both include a detection tube 64 and a plug 69, one end of the detection tube 64 extends into the negative pressure chamber 17 through the side wall of the cleaning water tank 1, a shaping rod 65 is disposed in the detection tube 64, a sealing return spring 66 and a sealing plug 68 are sleeved on the shaping rod 65, a liquid inlet 67 is disposed on one side of the detection tube 64, the liquid inlet 67 is disposed in the negative pressure chamber 17, a test paper chamber 611 is disposed in the plug 69, a liquid inlet hole 610 communicated with the test paper chamber 611 is disposed on one side of the plug 69, and the liquid inlet hole 610 is communicated with the liquid inlet 67; the controller is electrically connected with the lead ion sensor 61; one end of the shaping rod (65) close to the plug column (69) is provided with a limiting block; the cleaning device 3 comprises a support 31 and a rotating shaft 35, wherein a clamp 32 is arranged on the support 31, a motor 33 is arranged at the bottom of the open cleaning chamber 14, one end of the rotating shaft 35 penetrates through the bottom of the open cleaning chamber 14 and is connected with a power rod of the motor 33, an ultrasonic brush 36 is arranged at the other end of the rotating shaft 35, and a stirring blade 34 is arranged on the rotating shaft 35; the motor 33 is electrically connected with the controller; the washing mechanism 4 comprises a connecting pipe 42, a water inlet pipe 44 and an adjusting pipe 46, an adjustable spray head 45 and a plurality of washing heads 41 are arranged in the open type cleaning chamber 14, the washing heads 41 are communicated with the water inlet pipe 44 through the connecting pipe 42, the adjustable spray head 45 is connected to one end of the adjusting pipe 46, the other end of the adjusting pipe 46 is connected with a fixed pipe 47, one end of the fixed pipe 47 is communicated with the water inlet pipe 44, electric gate valves 43 are arranged on the connecting pipe 42 and the fixed pipe 47, and the electric gate valves 43 are electrically connected with a controller; the sludge drying mechanism 5 comprises a guide pipe 51 and a dewatering machine 54, the dewatering machine 54 is communicated with the sealed sludge chamber 15 through the guide pipe 51, and the guide pipe 51 is provided with a discharge valve 52 and a sludge box 53; the controller is electrically connected with the discharge valve 52 and the dewatering machine 54; reduced iron powder is added into the coarse filter plate 11; activated carbon is added into the fine filter plate 12.
Lead ions are detected by the existing lead ion sensor 61 on the market, mercury ion and arsenic ion detection devices on the market with less cost are detected by test paper, the test paper is installed and detected by the mercury ion detection device 62 and the arsenic ion detection device 63, the mercury ion detection device 62 and the arsenic ion detection device 63 work by putting the test paper for detecting mercury ions or arsenic ions into the test paper chamber 611 in advance, after the plug 69 is inserted into the detection tube 64, the plug 69 is pushed continuously, the sealing plug 68 is pressed into the detection tube 64 through the plug 69, so that the sealing return spring 66 is contracted, when the liquid inlet 67 is communicated with the liquid inlet hole 610, the sewage enters the test paper chamber 611 through the liquid inlet 67 and the liquid inlet hole 610 to be contacted with the sewage for detection, the plug 69 is pulled out after the detection is finished, when the plug 69 is pulled out, the sealing return spring 66 can push out the sealing plug 68 to plug the liquid inlet 67; the lead ion sensor 61 can directly send the detection information to the controller; the apparatus in the laboratory is fixed by the clamp 32, when the heavy metal polluted soil and the experimental apparatus are cleaned, the rotating shaft 35 is driven to rotate by the motor 33, the rotating shaft 35 drives the stirring blade 34 to rotate, so that the cleaning liquid in the open cleaning chamber 14 is in a form of rotational flow, the rotational flow drives the heavy metal polluted soil to flow and clean, and the rotating shaft 35 simultaneously drives the ultrasonic brush 36 to rotate to perform ultrasonic vibration cleaning on the apparatus; cleaning water is led in through a water inlet pipe 44, the cleaning water is led in through the water inlet pipe 44 into a connecting pipe 42 and a fixed pipe 47, the cleaning water is led in through the connecting pipe 42 into a washing head 41, and the cleaning water is led out through the washing head 41 to wash the heavy metal polluted soil precipitated at the bottom of the open type cleaning chamber 14; the fixed pipe 47 guides the cleaning water into the adjusting pipe 46, and the adjustable spray head 45 is adjusted through the adjusting pipe 46, so that the adjustable spray head 45 is aligned with the experimental apparatus for washing and matched with the ultrasonic brush 36 for brushing, and the cleaning effect is better; after the filtration is finished, the controller opens the discharge valve 52, so that the sludge in the sealed sludge chamber 15 enters the sludge tank 53 through the guide pipe 51, and when the sludge is concentrated to a certain degree, the sludge tank 53 is pumped out for dehydration through the dehydrator 54, so that the cleaned sludge can be quickly dehydrated and concentrated; a limiting block is arranged at one end of the shaping rod 65 close to the plug 69, so that the sealing plug 68 is prevented from being moved out of the liquid inlet 67 due to overlarge ejection position of the sealing return spring 66; the reduced iron powder is widely used as a water pollution repair material due to good chemical properties, and can remove various pollutants in a water body through oxidation reduction; activated carbon adsorption is a common method for removing mercury ions in wastewater, and meanwhile, no new pollutants are brought in the sewage treatment process, so that secondary pollution is low.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent alterations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a heavy metal contaminated soil belt cleaning device is used in laboratory which characterized in that: the device comprises a cleaning water tank (1) and a pipeline sampling backflow mechanism (8) connected to one side of the cleaning water tank (1), wherein a coarse filter plate (11), a fine filter plate (12) and a polymer ultrafiltration membrane (13) are arranged in the cleaning water tank (1), the cleaning water tank (1) is divided into an open cleaning chamber (14), a sealed sludge chamber (15), a sealed electrolysis chamber (16) and a negative pressure chamber (17) through the coarse filter plate (11), the fine filter plate (12) and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane (13), and one sides of the coarse filter plate (11), the fine filter plate (12) and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane (13) are respectively provided with an adjusting sealed inserting plate (2); a cleaning device (3) and a flushing mechanism (4) are arranged in the open cleaning chamber (14), one side of the sealed sludge chamber (15) is connected with a sludge drying mechanism (5), and a detection device (6) is arranged on the side wall of the negative pressure chamber (17); an electrolytic plate (18) is arranged in the sealed electrolytic chamber (16), the adjusting sealed inserting plate (2) comprises an inserting plate (21) and a sealing cover (22), one end of the inserting plate (21) penetrates through the sealing cover (22), a sealing ring (23) is arranged on one side, close to the cleaning water tank (1), of the sealing cover (22), and a bolt connected with the cleaning water tank (1) is arranged on the sealing cover (22); the sludge drying machine is characterized by further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is electrically connected with the cleaning device (3), the washing mechanism (4), the sludge drying mechanism (5), the detection device (6) and the pipeline sampling and refluxing mechanism (8).
2. The heavy metal contaminated soil cleaning device for the laboratory according to claim 1, wherein: the pipeline sampling backflow mechanism (8) comprises a backflow pipe (83) and a delivery pipe (81) communicated with the negative pressure chamber (17), a three-way valve (82), a water pump (84) and two micro-collecting devices (7) are arranged on the delivery pipe (81), one end of the backflow pipe (83) is communicated with the three-way valve (82), and the other end of the backflow pipe (83) is communicated with the sealed electrolysis chamber (16); the two micro-collection devices (7) are respectively connected with a full-automatic atomic absorption spectrophotometer (85) and a water quality PH sensor (86).
3. The heavy metal contaminated soil cleaning device for the laboratory according to claim 2, wherein: the micro-collection device (7) comprises a push rod (76), a sampling tube (77) and a position avoiding tube (78), a silicone plug (72) and a movable silicone plug (74) are arranged in the sampling tube (77), the position avoiding tube (78) is communicated with a delivery tube (81) through the sampling tube (77), one end of the push rod (76) is connected with a cylinder (71), the other end of the push rod (76) penetrates through the position avoiding tube (78), the sampling tube (77) and the movable silicone plug (74) to be connected with the silicone plug (72), a return spring (73) is sleeved on the push rod (76), the return spring (73) is arranged between the silicone plug (72) and the movable silicone plug (74), a limit block (75) is arranged on the push rod (76) on one side, far away from the return spring (73), of the sampling tube (77), one side of the sampling tube (77) is connected with a sampling guide tube (79), the air cylinder (71) is electrically connected with the controller.
4. The heavy metal contaminated soil cleaning device for the laboratory according to claim 3, wherein: the detection device (6) comprises a lead ion sensor (61), a mercury ion detection device (62) and an arsenic ion detection device (63), the mercury ion detection device (62) and the arsenic ion detection device (63) both comprise a detection tube (64) and a plug (69), one end of the detection pipe (64) penetrates through the side wall of the cleaning water tank (1) and extends into the negative pressure chamber (17), a shaping rod (65) is arranged in the detection tube (64), a sealing return spring (66) and a sealing plug (68) are sleeved on the shaping rod (65), one side of the detection pipe (64) is provided with a liquid inlet (67), the liquid inlet (67) is arranged in the negative pressure chamber (17), a test paper chamber (611) is arranged in the plug column (69), a liquid inlet hole (610) communicated with the test paper chamber (611) is arranged at one side of the plug column (69), and the liquid inlet hole (610) is communicated with the liquid inlet (67); the controller is electrically connected with the lead ion sensor (61); and a limiting block is arranged at one end of the shaping rod (65) close to the plug column (69).
5. The heavy metal contaminated soil cleaning device for the laboratory according to claim 4, wherein: the sludge drying mechanism (5) comprises a guide pipe (51) and a dewatering machine (54), the dewatering machine (54) is communicated with the sealed sludge chamber (15) through the guide pipe (51), and the guide pipe (51) is provided with a discharge valve (52) and a sludge box (53); the controller is electrically connected to the drain valve (52) and the dehydration engine (54).
6. A method for cleaning heavy metal contaminated soil for laboratories using any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
step 1: pouring a part of tested heavy metal polluted soil into the open type cleaning chamber (14), simultaneously starting the cleaning device (3) for stirring, and simultaneously washing sediments at the bottom of the open type cleaning chamber (14) by the washing mechanism (4);
step 2: starting a water pump (84) to form negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber (17) so that sewage in the open type cleaning chamber (14) permeates into the sealed sludge chamber (15), the sealed electrolysis chamber (16) and the negative pressure chamber (17) in sequence;
and step 3: the height of the inserting plate (21) is adjusted, and the speed of the sewage permeating the coarse filter plate (11), the fine filter plate (12) and the polymer ultrafiltration membrane (13) is controlled;
and 4, step 4: acquiring whether data detected by a lead ion sensor (61), a mercury ion detection device (62), an arsenic ion detection device (63), a full-automatic atomic absorption spectrophotometer (85) and a water quality PH sensor (86) is qualified or not, and if not, switching a pipeline to a return pipe (83) through a three-way valve (82) to guide sewage into a sealed electrolysis chamber (16) for repeated filtration;
and 5: the sewage permeation position is controlled at the bottom position of the cleaning water tank (1) by continuously adjusting the height of the inserting plate (21), so that the sewage at the bottom of the cleaning water tank (1) can be filtered out;
step 6: after the filtration is finished, the water pump (84) is closed, the discharge valve (52) is opened at the same time, so that the sludge is discharged into the sludge tank (53), when the sludge is concentrated to a certain extent, the water treatment is separated through the dehydrator (54), and the sludge after the dehydration treatment is buried.
7. The method for cleaning heavy metal contaminated soil for laboratories according to claim 6, further comprising the steps of: in the step 4, the mercury ion detection device (62) and the arsenic ion detection device (63) adopt test paper for detection, and the test paper detection time period is once within 5-30 minutes.
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