CN113083279A - Vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113083279A CN113083279A CN202110406925.6A CN202110406925A CN113083279A CN 113083279 A CN113083279 A CN 113083279A CN 202110406925 A CN202110406925 A CN 202110406925A CN 113083279 A CN113083279 A CN 113083279A
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- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002127 nanobelt Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VZJJZMXEQNFTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;zirconium;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zr].ClOCl VZJJZMXEQNFTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metavanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][V](=O)=O CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 22
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 description 22
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- OFVLGDICTFRJMM-WESIUVDSSA-N tetracycline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O OFVLGDICTFRJMM-WESIUVDSSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RQIHICWHMWNVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].CCCO RQIHICWHMWNVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
- B01J23/22—Vanadium
-
- B01J35/39—
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- B01J35/58—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/036—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form a gel or a cogel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/342—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields, e.g. for magnetic separation
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention provides a vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material comprises the following steps: dissolving zirconium oxychloride, tetrabutyl titanate and citric acid in methanol, then dropwise adding an acid solution, adjusting the pH value of a mixed system to 2.0-4.0, then adding a vanadium source, and uniformly stirring to obtain a precursor solution; adding polyvinylpyrrolidone into the precursor solution, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain precursor sol; then carrying out electrostatic spinning at room temperature to obtain precursor fiber; and drying and calcining the obtained precursor fiber to obtain the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material. The photocatalytic material has high photocatalytic efficiency, good catalytic degradation effect on TC and the like, simple preparation method and process equipment, easy operation, uniform sample distribution and good continuity, no wastewater and waste gas emission in the preparation process, environmental friendliness and large-scale production potential.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of photocatalytic materials.
Background
Photocatalysis is considered to be an effective technical means for solving the problem of increasingly worsening environment. Therefore, many researchers have been focusing on the preparation and application of photocatalysts for cleaning the environment. Wherein the TiO is2The product is favored by scholars due to the advantages of good physical and chemical stability, low cost, safety and the like. However, the low quantum yield under solar irradiation and poor visible photocatalytic efficiency limit TiO2Further applications of (1). Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of photocatalysis, intensive research has been conducted on various oxide materials.
With TiO2In contrast, the new ternary oxide semiconductor zirconium titanate (ZrTiO)4) Due to the advantages of wide material source, low price, negative conduction band position, high chemical stability and the like, the method has received wide attention. However, the practical application requirements of zirconium titanate are limited due to the inherent defects of relatively wide forbidden band width, high electron-hole recombination rate and the like. The catalytic activity of zirconium titanate can be improved by regulating the morphology, for example, chinese patent document CN108514871A provides a method for preparing zirconium titanate nanotubes using bacterial cellulose as a template, comprising the steps of: pretreating bacterial cellulose, adding tetrabutyl titanate and zirconium propanol into isopropanol, adding the bacterial cellulose and water, standing for hydrolysis reaction, and pyrolyzing the obtained product. Compared with zirconium titanate powder, the obtained zirconium titanate nanotube has high catalytic efficiency. However, the method for processing the bacterial cellulose is complex, and the shape of the zirconium titanate is only changed to prepare the bacterial celluloseThe photocatalytic performance of the zirconium titanate nanotubes is improved to a limited extent. The visible light response range of zirconium titanate can be broadened by ion doping, for example Catalysis Today 340(2020)49-57, and the structural, electronic and photochemical properties of cerium doped zirconium titanate are reported. However, the article only studies the influence of the doping amount of cerium and the oxidation state of cerium on the structure and properties of zirconium titanate, and does not apply the method to the field of practical photocatalytic degradation antibiotics. In recent years, noble metals are doped into semiconductors to improve internal quantum transfer and change the charge carrier density of the material, thereby enhancing the photoelectrochemical properties thereof, but the scarcity and higher cost of noble metal materials have hindered the large-scale practical application thereof.
Therefore, the research and development of the novel zirconium titanate photocatalyst material have very important significance. The invention is therefore proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate nanobelt is prepared by combining a sol-gel method with an electrostatic spinning technology, so that the recombination efficiency of a zirconium titanate photo-generated electron-hole pair is effectively reduced, the photoresponse range is widened, and the photocatalytic efficiency is improved.
Description of terms:
spinning receiving distance: distance of the electrospinning needle to the receiving device.
Room temperature: having a meaning well known to those skilled in the art, generally 25. + -. 5 ℃.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material is characterized in that the microscopic morphology of the photocatalytic material is a nanobelt, the diameter of the nanobelt is 1-3 mu m, and zirconium titanate is an orthorhombic phase.
According to the invention, the preparation method of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving a zirconium source, a titanium source and citric acid in methanol, then dropwise adding an acid solution, adjusting the pH value of a mixed system to 2.0-4.0, then adding a vanadium source, and uniformly stirring to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) adding polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the precursor solution prepared in the step (1), and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain precursor sol; then carrying out electrostatic spinning at room temperature to obtain precursor fiber; and drying and calcining the obtained precursor fiber to obtain the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material.
Preferably according to the invention, in step (1) the zirconium source is zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, and the titanium source is tetrabutyl titanate; the molar ratio of the zirconium source to the titanium source is 1: 1.
According to the present invention, the mass ratio of the zirconium source to the citric acid in the step (1) is preferably: (1.1-1.6):(0.8-1.3).
Preferably according to the invention, the molar volume ratio of the zirconium source and methanol in step (1) is: (3-5) mmol: (10-15) mL.
According to the invention, the acid solution in the step (1) is preferably hydrochloric acid solution, nitric acid solution or acetic acid solution, the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 37 wt%, the mass concentration of the nitric acid solution is 66 wt%, and the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 99 wt%.
Preferably according to the invention, the vanadium source in step (1) is ammonium metavanadate or sodium vanadate; the molar ratio of the vanadium source to the zirconium source is (0.02-0.05): 1.
Preferably, according to the invention, the stirring time in step (1) is 40-60 min.
Preferably according to the present invention, the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in step (2) is 100-150 ten thousand; more preferably, the polyvinylpyrrolidone has a weight average molecular weight of 130 ten thousand.
According to the invention, the mass-to-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to methanol in step (2) is preferably (0.6-1.6) g (10-15) mL, more preferably (0.8-1.2) g (10-15) mL.
Preferably, according to the invention, the electrostatic spinning in the step (2) has the voltage of 12-28kV, the relative humidity of 10-35%, the receiving distance of 10-30cm and the advancing speed of 0.8-1.2 mL/h;
further preferably, the electrospinning voltage is 15 to 25 kV.
According to the invention, the drying temperature in the step (2) is 40-60 ℃, and the drying time is 12-18 h.
According to the invention, the calcination temperature in the step (2) is 500-; the calcination time is 180-260 min.
The vanadium-doped zirconium titanate fiber is prepared by combining a sol-gel method doping technology and an electrostatic spinning technology, and the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate fiber with the diameter of 1-3 mu m is obtained by drying and calcining a fiber film.
According to the invention, the application of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material is used for photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics.
According to the use of the present invention, preferably, the antibiotic is Tetracycline (TC).
The vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material has excellent catalytic degradation effect on antibiotics under the illumination of visible light, and the spectral range of the visible light is 390-760 nm.
All chemicals used in the present invention were equally classified as analytical grade and were not further processed.
The invention has the technical characteristics and beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate nanobelt is prepared by combining a sol-gel method with an electrostatic spinning technology, and the impurity energy level formed by vanadium doping in zirconium titanate effectively realizes the separation and transfer of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, because the electron capture center formed by the impurity energy level effectively limits the recombination of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs, the photocatalysis efficiency of zirconium titanate is improved; meanwhile, the absorption spectrum range of the zirconium titanate is widened (from 453 to 502nm) by doping of vanadium, the absorption intensity is also improved, and the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate nanobelt photocatalytic material has good photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of visible light and can effectively realize the photodegradation of antibiotics. Experiments prove that the removal rate of the tetracycline degradation product in 140min under visible light can reach 83.6%, and the tetracycline degradation product has an excellent catalytic degradation effect.
2. The preparation method is simple, the process equipment is simple, the cost is low, no waste water and waste gas is discharged in the preparation process, the preparation method is environment-friendly, the potential of large-scale production is realized, and the obtained vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material nano belt is smooth and has good continuity.
3. The vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared by the method is green and pollution-free, can be recycled for multiple times, has good circulation stability, and does not generate secondary pollution to the environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in example 1 and the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in comparative example 1, in which the left graph is the X-ray diffraction pattern and the right graph is an enlarged view of the second peak in the left graph.
Fig. 2 is a diffuse reflection spectrum of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in example 1 and the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 is a micro-topography of the photocatalytic material of vanadium doped zirconium titanate prepared in example 1; a is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image; and b is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image.
FIG. 4 is a microscopic morphology of the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in comparative example 1; a is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image; and b is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image.
Fig. 5 is an absorbance curve graph of the photocatalytic oxidation degradation TC of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in example 1 under simulated sunlight, wherein the curve in the graph is an absorbance curve from top to bottom in sequence for 0-140 min.
FIG. 6 is an absorbance curve graph of the photocatalytic oxidation degradation TC of the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in the comparative example 1 under simulated sunlight, wherein the curve in the graph is an absorbance curve from top to bottom in sequence for 0-140 min.
Fig. 7 is a degradation efficiency graph of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in example 1 in a three-cycle test of photocatalytic degradation TC under simulated sunlight.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the degradation efficiency of the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in comparative example 1 in three cycles of photocatalytic degradation TC under simulated sunlight.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further illustrated by means of specific examples and figures, without however limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
The raw materials used in the examples are conventional raw materials, and the equipment used is conventional equipment, all of which are commercially available.
The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) used in the examples was polyvinylpyrrolidone K90, having a weight average molecular weight of 130 ten thousand.
Example 1
A preparation method of a vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 1.2g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, 1.27g of tetrabutyl titanate and 1.0g of citric acid in 12mL of methanol, then dropwise adding 0.6mL of hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 37 wt%, adjusting the pH value of a mixed system to 3.0, finally adding 0.013g of ammonium metavanadate, and stirring for 60min to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) adding 0.8g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the precursor solution prepared in the step (1), and stirring until precursor sol which is uniformly mixed is formed; and (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained precursor sol under the conditions of pressure of 25kV and relative humidity of 30% at room temperature, wherein the spinning receiving distance is 20cm, and the propelling speed is 1mL/h, so as to obtain the precursor fiber.
(3) And (3) drying the precursor fiber prepared in the step (2) at 40 ℃ for 16h, then placing the precursor fiber in a muffle furnace, heating to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat at 700 ℃ for 220min to obtain the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material.
The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in this example is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the diffraction peak of the obtained product corresponds to the standard spectrum of orthorhombic phase zirconium titanate, and it can be seen from fig. 1 (right) that the peak of vanadium-doped zirconium titanate is significantly shifted to the left, and it can be seen that vanadium is doped into zirconium titanate.
The diffuse reflection spectrogram of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the doped zirconium titanate has stronger light absorption capacity, a wider light absorption range (502nm) and higher photocatalytic efficiency.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in this example are shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the prepared sample is a belt-like structure with a diameter of about 2 μm, and has a larger aspect ratio, which can increase the contact area of the catalyst and the contaminant.
Example 2
A preparation method of a vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 1.1g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, 1.16g of tetrabutyl titanate and 0.8g of citric acid in 15mL of methanol, then dropwise adding 0.8mL of acetic acid with the mass concentration of 99 wt%, adjusting the pH value of a mixed system to 4.0, finally adding 0.03g of sodium vanadate, and stirring for 40min to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) adding 1.2g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the precursor solution prepared in the step (1), and stirring until precursor sol which is uniformly mixed is formed; and (3) performing electrostatic spinning on the obtained precursor sol under the conditions of pressure of 20kV and relative humidity of 30% at room temperature, wherein the spinning receiving distance is 20cm, and the advancing speed is 1.2mL/h, so as to obtain the precursor fiber.
(3) And (3) drying the precursor fiber prepared in the step (2) at 60 ℃ for 12h, then placing the precursor fiber in a muffle furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat at 800 ℃ for 200min to obtain the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material.
Example 3
A preparation method of a vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 1.4g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, 1.48g of tetrabutyl titanate and 1.3g of citric acid in 14mL of methanol, then dropwise adding 0.8mL of hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 37 wt%, adjusting the pH value of a mixed system to 2.0, finally adding 0.013g of ammonium metavanadate, and stirring for 60min to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) adding 1.4g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the precursor solution prepared in the step (1), and stirring until precursor sol which is uniformly mixed is formed; and (3) performing electrostatic spinning on the obtained precursor sol under the conditions of pressure of 20kV and relative humidity of 30% at room temperature, wherein the spinning receiving distance is 15cm, and the advancing speed is 0.8mL/h, so as to obtain the precursor fiber.
(3) And (3) drying the precursor fiber prepared in the step (2) at 50 ℃ for 14h, then placing the precursor fiber in a muffle furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat at 500 ℃ for 260min to obtain the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material.
Example 4
A preparation method of a vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 1.17g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, 1.24g of tetrabutyl titanate and 0.8g of citric acid in 15mL of methanol, then dropwise adding 0.5mL of hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 37 wt%, adjusting the pH value of a mixed system to 3.0, finally adding 0.02g of sodium vanadate, and stirring for 50min to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) adding 1.6g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the precursor solution prepared in the step (1), and stirring until precursor sol which is uniformly mixed is formed; and (3) performing electrostatic spinning on the obtained precursor sol under the conditions of pressure of 20kV and relative humidity of 30% at room temperature, wherein the spinning receiving distance is 25cm, and the advancing speed is 1mL/h, so as to obtain the precursor fiber.
(3) And (3) drying the precursor fiber prepared in the step (2) at 60 ℃ for 12h, then placing the dried precursor fiber in a muffle furnace, heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at 600 ℃ for 240min to obtain the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a zirconium titanate photocatalytic material comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 1.2g of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, 1.27g of tetrabutyl titanate and 1.0g of citric acid in 12mL of methanol, then dropwise adding 0.6mL of hydrochloric acid solution with the mass concentration of 37 wt%, adjusting the pH value of the mixed system to 3.0, and stirring for 60min to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) adding 0.8g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the precursor solution prepared in the step (1), and stirring until precursor sol which is uniformly mixed is formed; and (3) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the obtained precursor sol under the conditions of pressure of 25kV and relative humidity of 30% at room temperature, wherein the spinning receiving distance is 20cm, and the propelling speed is 1mL/h, so as to obtain the precursor fiber.
(3) And (3) drying the precursor fiber prepared in the step (2) at 40 ℃ for 16h, then placing the precursor fiber in a muffle furnace, heating to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat at 700 ℃ for 220min to obtain the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material.
The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in this comparative example is shown in fig. 1, from which it can be seen that the diffraction peak of the obtained product corresponds to the standard pattern of orthorhombic phase zirconium titanate.
The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images of the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in this comparative example are shown in fig. 4.
Application example 1
Photocatalytic degradation of Tetracycline (TC)
The vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in example 1 and the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in comparative example 1 were applied to a photocatalytic degradation experiment of TC, a xenon lamp with a simulated light source of 800W was used, and the concentration of a TC solution was 50mg/L, and the steps were as follows:
respectively dispersing 40mg of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in example 1 and 40mg of the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in comparative example 1 into 40mL of TC solution, and stirring and adsorbing for 30min under the dark reaction condition to reach adsorption balance; the solution was then illuminated with a simulated sunlight source xenon lamp and sampled (4mL) every 20min until degradation was complete. The obtained TC solution was centrifuged (8000rpm for 5min) to separate the photocatalytic material. And taking the supernatant, and testing the absorbance by using a UV-2550 spectrophotometer, wherein the testing wavelength is 300-550 nm. And after the reaction is finished, recovering the photocatalytic material.
Fig. 5 is an absorbance graph of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in example 1 for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline in simulated sunlight, fig. 6 is an absorbance graph of the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in comparative example 1 for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline in simulated sunlight, and it can be seen from a comparison of fig. 5 and fig. 6 that the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate catalyst prepared in example 1 has an excellent photocatalytic effect on TC.
Application example 2
The photocatalytic materials prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 were subjected to cyclic performance test of light degradation of tetracycline.
The method of cycle performance testing is as follows:
respectively dispersing the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material and the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material recovered in the application example 1 into 40mL of 50mg/L tetracycline solution, and stirring and adsorbing for 30min under a dark reaction condition to achieve adsorption balance; the solution was then illuminated with a simulated sunlight source xenon lamp (800W) and sampled (4mL) every 20min until degradation was complete. The obtained TC solution was centrifuged (8000rpm for 5min) to separate the photocatalytic material. The supernatant was taken and absorbance was measured with a UV-2550 spectrophotometer. And after the reaction is finished, recovering the photocatalytic material. This was repeated twice.
And (3) calculating the photocatalytic oxidation degradation efficiency according to the formula (I).
Formula (I): eta ═ A0-At)/A0]×100％，
In the formula (I), A0The absorbance of the solution is measured for the first time, namely the original absorbance; a. thetAbsorbance measured as time t.
The degradation efficiency of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in example 1 to tetracycline repeatedly recycled under simulated sunlight for three times is shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from fig. 7, after three cycles, the degradation efficiency of the catalyst can still reach 81.4%, indicating that the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate catalyst has good reusability.
The graph of the degradation efficiency of the zirconium titanate photocatalytic material prepared in the comparative example 1 to tetracycline by repeated recycling under simulated sunlight for three times is shown in fig. 8. As can be seen from fig. 8, after three cycles, the degradation efficiency of the catalyst is significantly attenuated, and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of zirconium titanate is significantly lower than that of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate material.
Claims (10)
1. The vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material is characterized in that the microscopic morphology of the photocatalytic material is a nanobelt, the diameter of the nanobelt is 1-3 mu m, and zirconium titanate is an orthorhombic phase.
2. The method for preparing the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving a zirconium source, a titanium source and citric acid in methanol, then dropwise adding an acid solution, adjusting the pH value of a mixed system to 2.0-4.0, then adding a vanadium source, and uniformly stirring to obtain a precursor solution;
(2) adding polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the precursor solution prepared in the step (1), and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain precursor sol; then carrying out electrostatic spinning at room temperature to obtain precursor fiber; and drying and calcining the obtained precursor fiber to obtain the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material.
3. The method for preparing the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material according to claim 2, wherein the zirconium source in step (1) is zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, and the titanium source is tetrabutyl titanate; the molar ratio of the zirconium source to the titanium source is 1: 1; the mass ratio of the zirconium source to the citric acid is as follows: (1.1-1.6): (0.8-1.3); the molar volume ratio of the zirconium source to the methanol is as follows: (3-5) mmol: (10-15) mL.
4. The method for preparing the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material according to claim 2, wherein the acid solution in the step (1) is a hydrochloric acid solution, a nitric acid solution or an acetic acid solution, the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 37 wt%, the mass concentration of the nitric acid solution is 66 wt%, and the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 99 wt%.
5. The method for preparing the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material according to claim 2, wherein the vanadium source in the step (1) is ammonium metavanadate or sodium vanadate; the molar ratio of the vanadium source to the zirconium source is (0.02-0.05): 1; the stirring time is 40-60 min.
6. The method for preparing vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material according to claim 2, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the step (2) is 100-150 ten thousand; preferably, the polyvinylpyrrolidone has a weight average molecular weight of 130 ten thousand.
7. The preparation method of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material according to claim 2, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to methanol in the step (2) is (0.6-1.6) g (10-15) mL, preferably (0.8-1.2) g (10-15) mL.
8. The method for preparing the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material according to claim 2, wherein the electrostatic spinning in the step (2) has a voltage of 12-28kV, a relative humidity of 10-35%, a receiving distance of 10-30cm, and a propelling speed of 0.8-1.2 mL/h; preferably, the electrospinning voltage is 15-25 kV.
9. The method for preparing the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material according to claim 2, wherein the drying temperature in the step (2) is 40-60 ℃, and the drying time is 12-18 h; the calcination temperature is 500-800 ℃, and the heating rate is 1-5 ℃/min; the calcination time is 180-260 min.
10. The application of the vanadium-doped zirconium titanate photocatalytic material in claim 1 in photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics.
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| US6066581A (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2000-05-23 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Sol-gel precursor and method for formation of ferroelectric materials for integrated circuits |
| CN111996618A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-27 | 苏州大学 | Vanadium-doped strontium titanate nanofiber and preparation method and application thereof |
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