CN113082946A - Method for treating waste gas from non-ferrous metal smelting - Google Patents
Method for treating waste gas from non-ferrous metal smelting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113082946A CN113082946A CN202110376014.3A CN202110376014A CN113082946A CN 113082946 A CN113082946 A CN 113082946A CN 202110376014 A CN202110376014 A CN 202110376014A CN 113082946 A CN113082946 A CN 113082946A
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 200
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 95
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CNCC(C)O LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043276 diisopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1481—Removing sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1412—Controlling the absorption process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1418—Recovery of products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
- C01B17/74—Preparation
- C01B17/76—Preparation by contact processes
- C01B17/775—Liquid phase contacting processes or wet catalysis processes
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating waste gas from smelting of colored metal, which comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) purification treatment: carrying out dust removal and demisting treatment on the waste gas to obtain clean gas; (2) concentration treatment: carrying out sulfur dioxide absorption treatment and sulfur dioxide analysis treatment on the clean gas in sequence to obtain a concentrated gas, wherein the concentration of the sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas is greater than that of the clean gas; (3) and (3) conversion treatment: converting sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas into sulfur trioxide to obtain acid-making gas; (4) acid making treatment: and absorbing sulfur trioxide in the acid-making gas by using a first absorbent to obtain a sulfuric acid product. Therefore, the method can effectively recover the sulfur resource in the non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas, reduce the sulfur dioxide pollution on one hand, reduce the production cost of the sulfuric acid on the other hand, realize the high efficiency, the resource utilization and the comprehensive utilization of the desulfurization technology, obviously reduce the economic cost and have obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas resource recovery, in particular to a treatment method of non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas.
Background
The smelting of heavy metals such as lead, antimony, zinc, copper and the like mainly takes sulfide ores as main raw materials, so the waste gas discharged in the smelting process mainly comprises sulfur dioxide and smoke dust. Sulfur dioxide in the air environment around some lead and antimony smelting plants exceeds the standard, and mountain vegetation is polluted by the sulfur dioxide and withers; crops in the range of several kilometers in the square circle are polluted by sulfur dioxide, so that the yield is reduced and even no grain is harvested. Meanwhile, the smoke dust of the smelting waste gas contains heavy metal pollutants such as lead, cadmium and the like, and has great harm to the health of human bodies. If the non-ferrous smelting flue gas is treated and acid is produced, the pollution of sulfur dioxide in the non-ferrous smelting flue gas to the environment can be effectively prevented, the sulfur dioxide in the non-ferrous smelting flue gas is changed into valuable, and the method has good environmental protection benefit and economic benefit.
At present, the sulfuric acid industry basically adopts a contact acid preparation process, the contact process has certain requirements on the concentration of sulfur dioxide, and the concentration of the sulfur dioxide is generally higher than 3.5 percent (volume fraction, the same below). When the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the smelting flue gas is higher than 6%, the sulfuric acid can be prepared by adopting a two-rotation and two-absorption process; when the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the smelting flue gas is 3.5-6%, the sulfuric acid can be prepared by adopting a 'one-to-one absorption' process. Besides copper and zinc, the sulfur dioxide concentration in smelting flue gas is low (the sulfur dioxide concentration in the flue gas is not more than 3.5%), the fluctuation is large, the concentration of the sulfur dioxide is not up to the standard of direct discharge, the requirement of contact method acid making on the sulfur dioxide concentration cannot be met, the treatment and recycling difficulty of the sulfur dioxide is large, and the method becomes a great problem in the non-ferrous smelting industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for treating non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas, which aims to solve the technical problem that the treatment and recycling difficulty of sulfur dioxide in the non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas is high in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides two methods for treating waste gas from non-ferrous metal metallurgy.
The technical scheme of the first non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment method is as follows:
the method for treating the waste gas generated in the non-ferrous metal smelting process comprises the following steps of:
(1) and (3) purification treatment: carrying out dust removal and demisting treatment on the waste gas to obtain clean gas;
(2) concentration treatment: carrying out sulfur dioxide absorption treatment and sulfur dioxide analysis treatment on the clean gas in sequence to obtain a concentrated gas, wherein the concentration of the sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas is greater than that of the clean gas;
(3) and (3) conversion treatment: converting sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas into sulfur trioxide to obtain acid-making gas;
(4) acid making treatment: and absorbing sulfur trioxide in the acid-making gas by using a first absorbent to obtain a sulfuric acid product.
The second technical scheme of the method for treating the waste gas of non-ferrous metal smelting is as follows:
the method for treating the waste gas generated in the non-ferrous metal smelting process comprises the following steps of:
(1) and (3) purification treatment: carrying out dust removal and demisting treatment on the waste gas to obtain clean gas;
(2) gas separation treatment: separating the clean gas into a first gas and a second gas;
(3) concentration treatment: sequentially carrying out sulfur dioxide absorption treatment and sulfur dioxide analysis treatment on the first gas to obtain a concentrated gas, wherein the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas is greater than that of sulfur dioxide in the clean gas;
(4) mixing treatment: mixing the concentrated gas with the second gas to obtain mixed gas;
(5) and (3) conversion treatment: converting sulfur dioxide in the mixed gas into sulfur trioxide to obtain acid-making gas;
(6) acid making treatment: and absorbing sulfur trioxide in the acid-making gas by using a first absorbent to obtain a sulfuric acid product.
Further, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the mixed gas obtained by the mixing treatment is 3.5-13%.
As a further improvement of the two non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment methods, the treatment method further comprises a first heat exchange treatment: and carrying out heat exchange treatment on the flue gas to obtain the waste gas.
As a further improvement of the two non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment methods, the treatment methods further comprise tail gas treatment: the first tail gas output by the sulfur dioxide absorption treatment and/or the second tail gas output by the acid making treatment are/is desulfurized to obtain the sulfur dioxide with the concentration less than or equal to 30mg/m3The exhaust gas of (1).
As a further improvement of the two non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment methods, the sulfur dioxide absorption treatment adopts a second absorbent and/or a barren solution to absorb sulfur dioxide to obtain a pregnant solution; the sulfur dioxide analysis treatment adopts the reaction of steam and rich liquor to obtain lean and rich liquor.
Further, the sulfur dioxide desorption treatment also comprises a secondary desorption treatment of the lean and rich solution: and (3) reacting the lean solution with steam to obtain the lean solution.
Further, the concentration treatment also comprises a second heat exchange treatment: and exchanging heat between the barren solution and the rich solution, and carrying out sulfur dioxide analysis treatment on the rich solution after heat exchange.
Further, the temperature of the sulfur dioxide absorption treatment is 25-50 ℃; and/or the temperature of the sulfur dioxide desorption treatment is 105-120 ℃.
As a further improvement of the two non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment methods, the conversion treatment also comprises a drying treatment: drying the gas to be converted before converting the sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide; and/or the conversion treatment further comprises a demisting treatment: demisting the gas to be converted before converting the sulphur dioxide into sulphur trioxide.
Therefore, the method can effectively recover the sulfur resource in the non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas, reduce the sulfur dioxide pollution on one hand, reduce the production cost of the sulfuric acid on the other hand, realize the high efficiency, the resource utilization and the comprehensive utilization of the desulfurization technology, obviously reduce the economic cost and have obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to assist in understanding the invention, and are included to explain the invention and their equivalents and not limit it unduly. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first embodiment of a non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a system for treating waste nonferrous smelting gas according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fifth embodiment of the non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment system according to the present invention.
The relevant references in the above figures are:
100-a washing tower, 210-a deduster, 220-a first demister, 310-a first absorption tower, 320-a first desorption tower, 330-a second desorption tower, 410-a drier, 420-a second demister, 430-a reactor, 500-a second absorption tower, 600-a second heat exchange unit, 700-a mixer, 810-a first pipeline, 820-a second pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these teachings. Before the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that:
the technical solutions and features provided in the present invention in the respective sections including the following description may be combined with each other without conflict.
Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention described in the following description are generally only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
With respect to terms and units in the present invention. The terms "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof in the description and claims of this invention and the related sections are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
The method for treating the waste nonferrous smelting gas is used for treating the waste nonferrous smelting gas with the sulfur dioxide concentration of less than 3.5 percent, and can be implemented by adopting any one or combination of the following five specific embodiments.
The first embodiment of the method for treating waste nonferrous smelting gas includes the steps of:
(1) first heat exchange treatment: carrying out heat exchange treatment on the flue gas to obtain the waste gas;
the flue gas for the direct combustion gas of smelting furnace institute, through first heat transfer processing, both retrieved the heat, also can prevent that exhaust gas temperature is too high and cause the harm to subsequent pipeline, equipment and catalyst activity.
(2) And (3) purification treatment: carrying out dust removal and demisting treatment on the waste gas to obtain clean gas;
the waste is purified, so that the purity of the product and the efficiency of subsequent treatment can be obviously improved;
when the specific implementation is carried out, the solid content of the clean gas is controlled to be less than or equal to 3mg/m3The content of acid mist is less than or equal to 5mg/m3In time, the higher purification treatment efficiency can be ensured, and the higher product purity and production efficiency can also be ensured.
(2) Concentration treatment: carrying out sulfur dioxide absorption treatment and sulfur dioxide analysis treatment on the clean gas in sequence to obtain a concentrated gas, wherein the concentration of the sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas is greater than that of the clean gas;
the conversion efficiency and the acid making efficiency can be obviously improved through concentration treatment;
the sulfur dioxide absorption treatment adopts a second absorbent to absorb sulfur dioxide to obtain a pregnant solution and a first tail gas; the second absorbent is amine liquid or ionic liquid; the temperature of the sulfur dioxide absorption treatment is 25-50 ℃;
common amine liquids include Monoethanolamine (MEA), Diethanolamine (DEA), Diisopropanolamine (DIPA), N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), etc.; common ionic liquids include imidazoles, guanidines, quaternary amines, and the like;
the sulfur dioxide analysis treatment adopts the reaction of steam and rich liquor to obtain lean rich liquor and concentrated gas, and the temperature of the sulfur dioxide analysis treatment is 105-120 ℃.
(3) And (3) conversion treatment: converting sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas into sulfur trioxide to obtain acid-making gas;
in order to improve the conversion efficiency of the sulfur dioxide, the conversion treatment also comprises the steps of drying and demisting the concentrated gas; wherein, the drying treatment utilizes concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 93 percent to remove the moisture in the concentrated gas;
the concentrated gas reacts with oxygen under the catalysis of a catalyst, so that sulfur dioxide can be converted into sulfur trioxide.
(4) Acid making treatment: absorbing sulfur trioxide in acid-making gas by using a first absorbent to obtain a sulfuric acid product;
the first absorbent is concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98%; the obtained sulfuric acid product is stored in an acid storage, and water can be added for adjusting the concentration.
On the basis of the first embodiment, the second embodiment of the method for treating a nonferrous smelting exhaust gas according to the present invention further includes a tail gas treatment: the first tail gas output by the sulfur dioxide absorption treatment and/or the second tail gas output by the acid making treatment are/is desulfurized to obtain the sulfur dioxide with the concentration less than or equal to 30mg/m3The exhaust gas of (3); thereby, emission standards are met; in specific implementation, the tail gas treatment preferably adopts carbon-based catalysisThe carbon-based catalyst is a catalyst which takes a carbon-based porous material as a carrier and loads an active component.
On the basis of the first embodiment, the third embodiment of the method for treating a nonferrous smelting exhaust gas according to the present invention further includes subjecting the lean and rich liquid to a secondary desorption treatment: reacting steam with the lean and rich solution to obtain a lean solution; mixing the gas output by the primary analysis treatment and the gas output by the secondary analysis treatment to obtain concentrated gas; thereby, sufficient recovery of sulfur dioxide is ensured.
On the basis of the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment of the method for treating a nonferrous smelting exhaust gas according to the present invention further includes a second heat exchange treatment: exchanging heat between the barren solution and the rich solution, and carrying out sulfur dioxide analysis treatment on the rich solution after heat exchange; therefore, the rich solution absorbs the heat of the lean solution, the steam amount consumed by sulfur dioxide analysis is reduced, and the analysis efficiency is obviously improved.
Since the sulfur dioxide in the barren solution is sufficiently desorbed, the barren solution can be reused for the absorption treatment of the sulfur dioxide, i.e. mixed with the second absorbent for absorbing the sulfur dioxide in the clean gas.
On the basis of the first embodiment, the fifth embodiment of the method for treating a nonferrous smelting exhaust gas according to the present invention further includes a gas separation treatment and a mixing treatment; wherein the gas separation treatment separates the clean gas into a first gas and a second gas; the concentration treatment only concentrates the first gas; mixing the concentrated gas and the second gas to obtain mixed gas; converting sulfur dioxide in the mixed gas into sulfur trioxide through conversion treatment to obtain acid-making gas; therefore, through the gas separation treatment, the treatment amount of the concentration treatment can be further reduced, the steam consumption is reduced, and the operation cost is reduced. The concentration of sulfur dioxide in the mixed gas obtained by mixing treatment can be ensured to be 3.5-13% by gas separation treatment, and the requirements of subsequent conversion treatment and acid making treatment are met.
The method of treating the non-ferrous metal smelting exhaust gas described above can be carried out by, but is not limited to, the following non-ferrous metal smelting exhaust gas treatment system.
The non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment system is used for treating non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas with the sulfur dioxide concentration of less than 3.5%, and can be implemented by adopting any one or combination of the following five specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first embodiment of a non-ferrous metal smelting exhaust gas treatment system.
As shown in fig. 1, the treatment system of the non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas comprises a first heat exchange unit, a purification unit, a concentration unit, a conversion unit and an acid making unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first heat exchange unit is used for carrying out heat exchange treatment on the flue gas and outputting the waste gas to the purification unit; the washing tower 100 is preferably adopted for the first heat exchange treatment, so that the temperature of the flue gas can be effectively reduced, the flue gas can be subjected to pre-dedusting, and large particles in the flue gas are removed, so that the efficiency of subsequent purification treatment is improved, and the large particles are prevented from damaging subsequent functional elements for deep dedusting; in specific implementation, the scrubber 100 is any one of a turbulent scrubber 100, a dynamic wave scrubber 100 and a venturi scrubber 100.
The purification unit comprises a dust remover 210 for removing dust from the waste gas and a first demister 220 for demisting, and outputs clean gas; the dust collector 210 preferably employs a filter medium capable of withstanding high temperature, such as cermet, sintered metal film, etc.; the first demister 220 is preferably an electric demister.
The concentration unit comprises a first absorption tower 310 for carrying out sulfur dioxide absorption treatment on the clean gas and outputting a rich solution, and a first desorption tower 320 for carrying out sulfur dioxide desorption treatment on the rich solution and outputting a lean rich solution, and outputs a concentrated gas, wherein the concentration of the sulfur dioxide of the concentrated gas is greater than that of the clean gas; in order to control the optimal absorption treatment temperature and desorption treatment temperature, a third heat exchange unit is arranged between the purification unit and the concentration unit, the third heat exchange unit is used for controlling the temperature of the clean gas entering the first absorption tower 310, and a plate heat exchanger is preferably adopted as the third heat exchange unit;
the clean gas in the first absorption tower 310 runs from bottom to top, the second absorbent runs from top to bottom, the second absorbent absorbs sulfur dioxide in the clean gas through sufficient contact, and then the rich solution flows into the first desorption tower 320 from the bottom of the first absorption tower 310;
the rich solution in the first desorption tower 320 runs from the top and is sufficiently contacted with the steam in the tower, so that the sulfur dioxide in the rich solution is desorbed and discharged from the top of the first desorption tower 320, and the resulting lean rich solution is discharged from the bottom of the first desorption tower 320.
The conversion unit comprises a reactor 430 for converting sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas into sulfur trioxide, and outputs acid making gas; the reactor 430 is provided with a vanadium catalyst packing layer, and the concentrated gas and oxygen undergo catalytic reaction in the process of passing through the vanadium catalyst packing layer, so that sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas is converted into sulfur trioxide;
in order to prevent the vanadium-based catalyst in the vanadium-based catalyst packing layer from being deactivated due to overhigh temperature of the concentrated gas, a fourth heat exchange unit is arranged between the conversion unit and the concentration unit and used for controlling the temperature of the concentrated gas, and a plate heat exchanger is preferably adopted as the fourth heat exchange unit;
in order to improve the conversion efficiency of the sulfur dioxide, the conversion unit further comprises a dryer 410 for drying the concentrated gas and a second demister 420 for demisting; wherein, the dryer 410 adopts a tower structure, the concentrated gas runs from bottom to top in the dryer 410 and is in countercurrent contact with the concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 93 percent which is sprayed from the top, thereby removing the water in the concentrated gas; the second mist eliminator 420 is preferably an electric mist eliminator.
The acid making unit comprises a second absorption tower 500 for absorbing sulfur trioxide in acid making gas by adopting a first absorbent, and outputs a sulfuric acid product; the acid making gas in the second absorption tower 500 runs from bottom to top and is fully contacted with the concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98 percent sprayed from the top.
The second embodiment of the system for treating a waste nonferrous smelting gas according to the present invention is based on the first embodimentThe specific embodiment further comprises a tail gas treatment unit for performing desulfurization treatment on the first tail gas output by the first absorption tower 310 and/or the second tail gas output by the acid making unit; the tail gas treatment unit is provided with a carbon-based catalyst packing layer, and the sulfur dioxide concentration obtained by using a carbon-based catalytic flue gas desulfurization method is less than or equal to 30mg/m3The exhaust gas of (1).
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a third embodiment of a non-ferrous metal smelting exhaust gas treatment system.
As shown in fig. 2, the concentration unit in the third embodiment of the non-ferrous metal smelting exhaust gas treatment system according to the present invention further includes a second desorption tower 330 that performs a secondary desorption treatment on the lean rich liquid and outputs the lean liquid, based on the first embodiment; the second desorption tower 330 uses the steam to desorb the sulfur dioxide remaining in the lean and rich solution, thereby ensuring the sulfur dioxide to be fully recovered.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of a non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment system.
As shown in fig. 3, on the basis of the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment of the system for treating nonferrous smelting waste gas according to the present invention further includes a second heat exchange unit 600 for exchanging heat between the lean solution and the rich solution and inputting the rich solution after heat exchange into the first desorption tower 320, wherein the second heat exchange unit 600 preferably adopts a plate heat exchanger; therefore, the temperature of the rich liquid is increased before entering the first desorption tower 320, and the amount of steam consumed by sulfur dioxide desorption can be obviously reduced.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fifth embodiment of a non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment system.
As shown in FIG. 4, the fifth embodiment of the non-ferrous metal smelting waste gas treatment system of the present invention based on the first embodiment further comprises a gas separation unit and a mixing unit;
the gas distribution unit comprises a gas distribution device for dividing the clean gas into a first gas and a second gas; the gas distribution device comprises a first pipeline 810 for connecting the purification unit with the concentration unit and a second pipeline 820 for connecting the purification unit with the mixing unit; the first gas enters the concentration unit through the first pipeline 810, the concentrated gas is obtained after concentration by the concentration unit, and the second gas directly enters the mixing unit through the second pipeline 820;
the mixing unit includes a mixer 700 that mixes the concentrated gas with the second gas, outputting a mixed gas; inputting the obtained mixed gas into a conversion unit; the first pipeline 810 and the second pipeline 820 are provided with flow control valves, and the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the mixed gas in the mixer 700 can be ensured to be 3.5% -13% by adjusting the flow control valves.
The contents of the present invention have been explained above. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these teachings. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the above description without inventive step, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for treating the waste gas generated in the non-ferrous metal smelting process comprises the following steps of:
(1) and (3) purification treatment: carrying out dust removal and demisting treatment on the waste gas to obtain clean gas;
(2) concentration treatment: carrying out sulfur dioxide absorption treatment and sulfur dioxide analysis treatment on the clean gas in sequence to obtain a concentrated gas, wherein the concentration of the sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas is greater than that of the clean gas;
(3) and (3) conversion treatment: converting sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas into sulfur trioxide to obtain acid-making gas;
(4) acid making treatment: and absorbing sulfur trioxide in the acid-making gas by using a first absorbent to obtain a sulfuric acid product.
2. The method for treating the waste gas generated in the non-ferrous metal smelting process comprises the following steps of:
(1) and (3) purification treatment: carrying out dust removal and demisting treatment on the waste gas to obtain clean gas;
(2) gas separation treatment: separating the clean gas into a first gas and a second gas;
(3) concentration treatment: sequentially carrying out sulfur dioxide absorption treatment and sulfur dioxide analysis treatment on the first gas to obtain a concentrated gas, wherein the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the concentrated gas is greater than that of sulfur dioxide in the clean gas;
(4) mixing treatment: mixing the concentrated gas with the second gas to obtain mixed gas;
(5) and (3) conversion treatment: converting sulfur dioxide in the mixed gas into sulfur trioxide to obtain acid-making gas;
(6) acid making treatment: and absorbing sulfur trioxide in the acid-making gas by using a first absorbent to obtain a sulfuric acid product.
3. The method for treating waste nonferrous smelting gas according to claim 2, wherein: the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the mixed gas obtained by mixing treatment is 3.5-13%.
4. The method for treating waste nonferrous smelting gas according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the treatment method also comprises a first heat exchange treatment: and carrying out heat exchange treatment on the flue gas to obtain the waste gas.
5. The method for treating waste nonferrous smelting gas according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the treatment method also comprises tail gas treatment: the first tail gas output by the sulfur dioxide absorption treatment and/or the second tail gas output by the acid making treatment are/is desulfurized to obtain the sulfur dioxide with the concentration less than or equal to 30mg/m3The exhaust gas of (1).
6. The method for treating waste nonferrous smelting gas according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the sulfur dioxide absorption treatment, a second absorbent and/or a barren solution is/are adopted to absorb sulfur dioxide to obtain a pregnant solution; the sulfur dioxide analysis treatment adopts the reaction of steam and rich liquor to obtain lean and rich liquor.
7. The method for treating waste nonferrous smelting gas according to claim 6, wherein: the sulfur dioxide desorption treatment also comprises secondary desorption treatment on the lean and rich solution: and (3) reacting the lean solution with steam to obtain the lean solution.
8. The method for treating waste nonferrous smelting gas according to claim 7, wherein: the concentration treatment also comprises a second heat exchange treatment: and exchanging heat between the barren solution and the rich solution, and carrying out sulfur dioxide analysis treatment on the rich solution after heat exchange.
9. The method for treating waste nonferrous smelting gas according to claim 6, wherein: the temperature of the sulfur dioxide absorption treatment is 25-50 ℃; and/or the temperature of the sulfur dioxide desorption treatment is 105-120 ℃.
10. The method for treating waste nonferrous smelting gas according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the conversion treatment also comprises a drying treatment: drying the gas to be converted before converting the sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide; and/or the conversion treatment further comprises a demisting treatment: demisting the gas to be converted before converting the sulphur dioxide into sulphur trioxide.
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