CN113078379A - Method for positioning abnormal temperature area of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Method for positioning abnormal temperature area of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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CN113078379A
CN113078379A CN202110271404.4A CN202110271404A CN113078379A CN 113078379 A CN113078379 A CN 113078379A CN 202110271404 A CN202110271404 A CN 202110271404A CN 113078379 A CN113078379 A CN 113078379A
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temperature
cholesterol
oligomer
battery
lithium ion
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CN113078379B (en
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纵雪楠
张越超
高秀玲
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Tianjin EV Energies Co Ltd
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Tianjin EV Energies Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/06Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using melting, freezing, or softening
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention provides a method for positioning a temperature abnormal area of a lithium ion battery, which is characterized in that a cholesterol oligomer film is tightly coated outside a whole battery core, then a module and a battery pack are assembled according to standard procedures, when the temperature is abnormally changed, the cholesterol oligomer film is changed into a liquid crystal state or becomes liquid flow, the abnormal temperature causes triggering alarm, the state and the missing position of the cholesterol oligomer film observation film on the surface of the battery core are observed through disassembling the module, so that the temperature change on the surface of the battery core can be accurately tracked, detected and kept, and a new method and a new thought are provided for research personnel to analyze thermal behaviors and thermal areas.

Description

Method for positioning abnormal temperature area of lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion battery safety, and particularly relates to a method for positioning a temperature abnormal area of a lithium ion battery.
Background
The power battery is a core component of a pure electric vehicle, and the ternary lithium battery has high energy density, but has a prominent heating problem in the discharging process, so that the use of the ternary lithium battery is limited. The heat generated by the battery can have a series of adverse effects on the battery, including the reduction of the charge and discharge performance of the battery, the reduction of the cycle life, the reduction of the capacity and consistency level, and the like, thereby affecting the performance and safety of the electric vehicle. However, the current research on the heat generation of the battery is far from enough, and comprises the determination of a heat generation part, the analysis and optimization of the heat generation behavior and the like.
CN109921111A discloses a method and system for estimating the internal temperature of a lithium ion battery. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining the surface temperature of the lithium ion battery, obtaining the surface temperature rise slope of the lithium ion battery in the current working state, obtaining the ambient temperature value of the lithium ion battery, and obtaining the internal temperature value of the lithium ion battery through a function according to the surface temperature value, the surface temperature rise slope and the ambient temperature value of the lithium ion battery. The invention can reduce the influence on the battery performance and reduce the production cost.
In the existing battery thermal management technology, a battery thermal management system BMS is basically adopted to collect data such as voltage and temperature. The main task of a Battery Management System (BMS) is to guarantee the design performance of the battery system: 1) safety, the single battery or the battery pack is protected from being damaged, and safety accidents are prevented; 2) the durability ensures that the battery works in a reliable safe area, and the service life of the battery is prolonged; 3) and the dynamic property is realized, and the battery is maintained to work in a state of meeting the vehicle requirement. However, the method can only monitor the temperature of a certain string of battery cells to be abnormal or changed, and is difficult to determine a specific battery cell, and even impossible to determine the specific position of a specific battery cell type, so that the determination of the abnormal temperature position is undoubtedly a big problem in the field of thermal analysis for researchers, and the improvement of the safety of a battery system is also hindered.
At present, a temperature sensing line is attached to the surface of an electric core to detect the temperature change of the battery, the surface temperature of the battery is measured and is taken as the core temperature, the thought is very inaccurate, the temperature difference between the surface of the battery and the core of the battery is large, even as much as 30 ℃, the temperature sensing line can only detect the temperature of a certain point on the surface of the battery theme, the temperature of the surface of the whole electric core is difficult to give, and the region with abnormal temperature cannot be particularly given.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to a method for locating a temperature abnormal region of a lithium ion battery, which can accurately track, detect and retain a temperature change on a surface of a battery cell, and provide a new method and idea for research and development personnel to analyze thermal behavior and a thermal region.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for positioning abnormal temperature area of lithium ion battery is to wrap cholesterol oligomer film tightly outside the whole battery core, then to assemble module and battery pack according to standard procedure, when temperature changes abnormally, the cholesterol oligomer film changes into liquid crystal state or liquid flow, temperature abnormity causes to trigger alarm, and the specific area of temperature abnormity is judged by disassembling module to observe the cholesterol oligomer film on the surface of battery core.
Further, the molecular structural formula of the cholesterol oligomer thin film is as follows:
Figure BDA0002974633430000021
wherein n is 3 to 7.
Further, the thickness of the cholesterol oligomer thin film is 2-10 mm.
Further, the step of tightly coating the cholesteric oligomer film outside the whole battery cell comprises the following steps: synthesizing a cholesterol oligomer, heating the cholesterol oligomer to a temperature higher than the critical temperature of reaching a liquid state, stirring for 0.5-1h, coating a liquid crystal material on the surface of a cell, standing and curing at room temperature for 1-2h after coating.
Further, the cholesterol oligomer was heated to a temperature of 68-80 ℃.
Further, the method for coating the liquid crystal material on the surface of the battery cell is dip coating, spray coating or roll coating.
Compared with the prior art, the method for positioning the abnormal temperature area of the lithium ion battery has the following beneficial effects:
(1) a new idea is developed, the change characteristics of cholesteric liquid crystal are combined, the cholesteric oligomer film is applied to the field of electric core safety, the position of a temperature abnormal point can be directly observed by observing the film on the surface of an electric core, the problem of positioning the temperature abnormal position is solved, and a new method is provided for scientific researchers to explore the field of lithium battery thermal analysis;
(2) on the premise of not influencing the electrochemical performance of the battery, the position area of the abnormal temperature point of the battery core can be directly locked, the temperature of a certain point is more accurate and effective than that of the whole battery core directly, and the abnormal temperature position area is reduced, so that the subsequent analysis of the reason of the abnormal temperature needing to be carried out is more effective and convenient;
(3) the cholesterol oligomer film has high sensitivity, can quickly give a reaction to the change of temperature, can be recycled under the condition of no damage, is difficult to lose efficacy and has long service life;
(4) the cholesterol oligomer film can be coated on the surface of a battery core in any shape when in a liquid state, and a solid film layer is formed after the temperature is cooled, so that the electrochemical performance of the battery is not influenced, the preparation process is simple, and impurities are easy to remove;
(5) the specific temperature range of the phase transition of the cholesteric oligomer film can be specifically selected according to actual needs, is not limited by the specification of specific materials, and has a large selection space.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module composed of coated single battery cells and single battery cells
Fig. 2 shows DSC curves for n-3 and n-7.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A method for positioning abnormal temperature region of lithium ion battery includes tightly coating cholesterol oligomer film on exterior of whole battery core, assembling module and battery pack according to standard procedure, flowing cholesterol oligomer film when temperature is abnormal, triggering alarm caused by abnormal temperature, observing shape and missing position of cholesterol oligomer film by disassembling module, and accurately tracking abnormal temperature region. Compare with BMS survey a certain cluster electric core, perhaps the temperature of the fixed point position of certain electric core is surveyed to the temperature sensing line, and positioning range is more accurate effective for the unusual reason analysis of temperature that follow-up needs were gone on is more effective convenient, for example the concrete scope of metallic foreign matter analysis, and the electric core middle part is initiated earlier still the battery is distolateral and initiates earlier etc..
The synthesis method of cholesterol oligomer comprises the following steps: reacting methyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate with 1-bromododecane to obtain methyl 3,4, 5-tridodecane benzoate, hydrolyzing to obtain 3,4, 5-tridodecane benzoic acid, and reacting the acid with hydroquinone to prepare the 3,4, 5-tridodecane benzoyloxy aromatic phenol. The cholesterol and glutaric acid give the monocholesterol ester. Then the aromatic phenol reacts with the monocholesterol ester to synthesize the target compound. See the synthesis and performance research of compounds containing cholesteryl double liquid crystal elements [ D ] (xueku, tianjin industrial university, 2019), which is not repeated here, and the specific synthetic route is:
Figure BDA0002974633430000051
Figure BDA0002974633430000052
Chole-OH+HOOC-(CH2)n-COOH→Chole-OCO-(CH2)n-COOHn=3,4,5,6,7,8
Figure BDA0002974633430000053
wherein n-3, I represents methyl 3,4, 5-tri (dodecane) benzoate, II represents 3,4, 5-tri (dodecane) benzoic acid, and III represents 3,4, 5-tri (dodecane) benzoyloxyphenol.
The method for tightly coating the cholesterol oligomer film on the outside of the whole battery cell comprises the following steps: the cholesteric oligomer was synthesized, and when the cholesteric oligomer was heated to 47 ℃ a broken focal conic texture began to appear, and heating was continued until 68 ℃ was reached, the sample was completely converted to the isotropic phase. Heating the liquid-crystalline cholesterol oligomer to 80 ℃ (higher than the critical temperature of reaching the liquid state), stirring for 1h, coating the liquid-crystalline cholesterol oligomer on the surface of a battery core (the liquid crystal material can be coated by dip coating, spray coating, roll coating or other coating modes), standing and curing at room temperature for 1-2h after coating.
The oligomer is solid at room temperature and colorless, and when the temperature reaches 55-60 ℃, the oligomer undergoes phase change and is melted from solid to liquid crystal and then to liquid. The oligomer is made into a film which can be uniformly pasted on the surface of a cell. The method for memorizing the abnormal temperature by the oligomer film can lock the range of the surface temperature of the lithium battery, so that the root cause of the abnormal occurrence of the battery core temperature can be judged and presumed according to the locking position, and then prevention and solution are carried out.
And when the temperature exceeds the set alarm temperature, the BMS background data gives an abnormal signal. The problem module is disassembled, the abnormal temperature area is observed, and according to the shapes of phase change, deformation, disappearance and the like of the film on the cholesterol oligomer film, the temperature of which areas in the module or the battery core reach or approach 47-68 ℃ and which areas are always in the normal range can be easily judged. The method can directly lock the position area of the abnormal temperature point of the battery core, and provides effective help for the reason analysis of the next step.
Requirements for cholesterol oligomers: the relative molecular mass of oligomer molecules is between that of small molecules and high molecules, the oligomer molecules are colorless solid at room temperature, can change rapidly according to the change of temperature, have a phase change interval of 47-68 ℃, can have a narrower temperature range, and when the temperature changes to 47-68 ℃, the state of a liquid crystal film can change along with the temperature of a battery, and the liquid crystal film is changed from a solid state to a liquid crystal state and then to a liquid state. The liquid crystal has a simple synthesis process, impurities are easy to remove, the impurities generated in the experimental process can be removed by simple methods such as distillation and recrystallization, and the removal process can refer to the detailed study on the synthesis and performance of the compound containing the cholesterol-based double liquid crystal elements [ D ] (Chanxuannan, Tianjin university of industry, 2019) and has high yield. In addition, the cholesteric oligomer film has a long service life, can be recycled without being damaged, and is difficult to lose efficacy.
The thickness of the cholesterol oligomer film is 2-10mm, incomplete coating can be caused by over-thinness, and positioning temperature abnormal points of the subsequent damaged area of the film are affected, so that errors are caused; too thick may result in a situation where the temperature conduction is slow, the phase change speed of the film is slow, or even no phase change occurs.
Example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: n is 7, the first transition temperature of the cholesteric oligomer film is 48.2 c, and the second transition temperature is 59.3 c, which means that when the temperature reaches 48.2 c, the solid state starts to be transformed into the liquid crystal state, and reaches 59.3 c, the liquid crystal state is transformed into the liquid state, and thus the same can be applied to the judgment of the abnormal temperature point of the battery.
Fig. 2 shows DSC curves for n-3 (Ch3) and n-7 (Ch7), as seen from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) data, the temperature transition points of the cholesterol oligomers Ch3 and Ch 7.
On the premise of not influencing the electrochemical performance of the battery, the invention can directly lock the position area of the abnormal temperature point of the battery core, thereby providing effective help for the next reason analysis.
The specific temperature range of the cholesteric oligomer film can be specifically selected according to actual needs, is not limited by the specification of specific materials, and has a large selection space. Specifically, oligomers with different chain lengths (the chain length refers to the flexible chain length of the synthesized cholesterol oligomer, and is represented as the size of n in the text, wherein the larger the n is, the longer the chain length is, and the smaller the n is, the shorter the chain length is) can be synthesized by a similar synthesis method on the basis of cholesterol, and as long as the oligomers have a series of changes of solid state-liquid crystal state-liquid state and the like along with the temperature change, a temperature range which is suitable and can be matched with the BMS alarm temperature is selected, so that the judgment of the abnormal temperature point of the battery can be applied.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (6)

1. A method for positioning an abnormal temperature region of a lithium ion battery is characterized in that: the cholesterol oligomer film is tightly coated outside the whole battery core, then the module and the battery pack are assembled according to standard procedures, when the temperature is abnormally changed, the cholesterol oligomer film is changed into a liquid crystal state or becomes liquid to flow, the temperature abnormality causes triggering alarm, and the concrete area with abnormal temperature is judged by disassembling the module to observe the cholesterol oligomer film on the surface of the battery core.
2. The method for locating the abnormal temperature region of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the molecular structural formula of the cholesterol oligomer thin film is as follows:
Figure FDA0002974633420000011
wherein n is 3 to 7.
3. The method for locating the abnormal temperature region of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the cholesteric oligomer film is 2-10 mm.
4. The method for locating the abnormal temperature region of the lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the method for tightly coating the cholesterol oligomer film on the outside of the whole battery cell comprises the following steps: synthesizing a cholesterol oligomer, heating the cholesterol oligomer to a temperature higher than the critical temperature of reaching a liquid state, stirring for 0.5-1h, coating a liquid crystal material on the surface of a cell, standing and curing at room temperature for 1-2h after coating.
5. The method for locating the abnormal temperature region of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the temperature to which the cholesterol oligomer was heated was 68-80 ℃.
6. The method for locating the abnormal temperature region of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the method for coating the liquid crystal material on the surface of the battery cell is dip coating, spray coating or roll coating.
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102052975A (en) * 2010-12-07 2011-05-11 西安工业大学 Device for measuring liquid-crystal phase-transition temperature based on rotation effect
US20110212349A1 (en) * 2009-01-08 2011-09-01 Yoichi Naruse Abnormality detector and detection method, and facility for producing battery
US20120258337A1 (en) * 2011-04-07 2012-10-11 Xiaohui Jasmine Wang Battery thermal interfaces with microencapsulated phase change materials for enhanced heat exchange properties
CN206451782U (en) * 2016-11-24 2017-08-29 苏州安靠电源有限公司 Battery pack high temperature is detected and control device
US20180241028A1 (en) * 2017-02-22 2018-08-23 Bordrin Motor Corporation, Inc. Lithium ion battery system having temperature control function
CN111354880A (en) * 2020-03-06 2020-06-30 东莞维科电池有限公司 Battery packaging film, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN111540978A (en) * 2020-05-06 2020-08-14 泰铂(上海)环保科技股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery photo frame filled with phase change material

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110212349A1 (en) * 2009-01-08 2011-09-01 Yoichi Naruse Abnormality detector and detection method, and facility for producing battery
CN102052975A (en) * 2010-12-07 2011-05-11 西安工业大学 Device for measuring liquid-crystal phase-transition temperature based on rotation effect
US20120258337A1 (en) * 2011-04-07 2012-10-11 Xiaohui Jasmine Wang Battery thermal interfaces with microencapsulated phase change materials for enhanced heat exchange properties
CN206451782U (en) * 2016-11-24 2017-08-29 苏州安靠电源有限公司 Battery pack high temperature is detected and control device
US20180241028A1 (en) * 2017-02-22 2018-08-23 Bordrin Motor Corporation, Inc. Lithium ion battery system having temperature control function
CN111354880A (en) * 2020-03-06 2020-06-30 东莞维科电池有限公司 Battery packaging film, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN111540978A (en) * 2020-05-06 2020-08-14 泰铂(上海)环保科技股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery photo frame filled with phase change material

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