CN113078375B - Battery monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents

Battery monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDF

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CN113078375B
CN113078375B CN202110182616.5A CN202110182616A CN113078375B CN 113078375 B CN113078375 B CN 113078375B CN 202110182616 A CN202110182616 A CN 202110182616A CN 113078375 B CN113078375 B CN 113078375B
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light guide
wavelength
division multiplexer
wavelength division
guide fiber
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CN113078375A (en
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陈勐勐
徐飞
周林
陈烨
丁梓轩
熊毅丰
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Nanjing University
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Nanjing University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a battery monitoring system and a monitoring method, comprising a multi-wavelength light source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a light guide fiber unit and a spectrum scanner, wherein the multi-wavelength light source is used for providing a multi-wavelength detection optical signal, and the spectrum scanner is used for receiving and processing a response optical signal output by the light guide fiber; the multi-wavelength detection optical signal is injected into the optical fiber unit through the wavelength division multiplexer, and the response optical signal output by the optical fiber is processed through the spectrum scanner. The invention introduces the micro-nano light guide fiber detection technology into the battery safety early warning field, and realizes the in-situ monitoring of a plurality of parameters such as the internal pressure, temperature, strain, dendritic crystal growth process and the like of the battery.

Description

Battery monitoring system and monitoring method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery monitoring system and a monitoring method.
Background
The lithium battery is the main direction of the development of the next generation of green new energy, most of the existing commercial batteries are lithium ion batteries, and the lithium battery is the preferred object of the next generation of batteries in order to obtain higher battery efficiency. However, after a large number of cycles, or in an extreme environment where the working environment is unstable, the lithium battery is very prone to grow dendrites, and once the dendrites pierce the separator, the dendrites can cause a short circuit of the battery, even can cause explosion of the battery, and thus, there is a large potential safety hazard.
The diaphragm is a key part in the battery, is positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, and has the functions of: on one hand, the materials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated, so that short circuit caused by contact of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is prevented; on the other hand, ions in the electrolyte pass through the diaphragm to complete the charging and discharging processes. In-situ monitoring of dendrites and their growth is not currently achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a monitoring system and a monitoring method of a battery, which can realize high-precision, in-situ and real-time monitoring of the internal environment of the battery.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a battery monitoring system, which comprises a multi-wavelength light source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a light guide fiber unit and a spectrum scanner, wherein the multi-wavelength light source is used for providing a multi-wavelength detection light signal, and the spectrum scanner is used for receiving and processing a response light signal output by the light guide fiber; the multi-wavelength detection optical signal is injected into the optical fiber unit through the wavelength division multiplexer, and the response optical signal output by the optical fiber is processed through the spectrum scanner.
The monitoring system adopts a multi-wavelength light source, the light source is connected into a wavelength division multiplexer, and the wavelength division multiplexer respectively couples a plurality of wavelength signals to a plurality of light guide fibers so as to respectively use the signals of all wavelengths for safety early warning and monitoring. The system is embedded into the battery diaphragm, so that the spatial resolution of the sensor can be improved, and the dendritic crystal growth process in the battery and the regional distribution conditions of parameters such as temperature and pressure in the battery can be monitored more comprehensively. The principle of improving the spatial resolution and the measurement precision of the internal parameters of the battery is as follows: on one hand, a plurality of light guide fibers are embedded into the diaphragm in parallel or in a grid shape, and the light guide fibers are fully distributed in the whole diaphragm covering area, so that the whole area covered by the light guide fibers can be monitored; on the other hand, the structural unit embedded in the light guide fiber makes the light guide fiber very sensitive to the change of the surrounding environment, and can monitor various parameters to be measured such as temperature, pressure, dendritic crystal growth process and the like.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to improve the spatial resolution and the measurement precision of the internal parameters of the battery: the method uses a light guide fiber and a microstructure manufactured on the light guide fiber as a physical quantity sensing element in a sensing system, the light guide fiber is also a signal transmission medium, a front-end signal source outputs multi-wavelength laser signals, a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) is used for respectively injecting signals of all wavelengths into a plurality of light guide fibers and realizing monitoring of states of different areas, and all response signals are respectively output to a spectrometer through the WDM so as to obtain a monitoring result in real time.
The optical fiber unit is arranged at a part to be monitored and comprises a plurality of optical fibers which are arranged in parallel or in a crossed manner; the crossed arrangement can adopt a groined network structure, wherein the included angles among the light guide fibers in different directions in the groined network structure can be between 0 and 180 degrees, and the included angles are properly selected according to practical application scenes.
Preferably, the light guide fiber unit comprises a plurality of light guide fibers, the diameter of each light guide fiber is smaller than 125 μm, namely the size of each light guide fiber is in the field of micro-nano size, the diameter of each light guide fiber is smaller than 125 μm, the micro-nano light guide fibers are sensitive to the surrounding refractive index, and once dendritic crystal growth occurs, the refractive index environment of each light guide fiber changes, so that in-situ real-time monitoring of the dendritic crystal growth process can be realized.
Optionally, microstructures (such as a grating, an FP cavity, a V-shaped groove, an inclined groove, and the like, and a sensitizing material may be plated on the surface of the structure) are fabricated on the light guide fiber, and the microstructures on the light guide fiber may be used for monitoring parameters such as temperature, pressure, strain, and the like.
The surface of the optical fiber is covered with an anticorrosive layer to prevent the optical fiber from being corroded by electrolyte; in addition, a sensitization material can be coated on the light guide fiber, so that the precision of parameter measurement is improved.
The light guide fiber unit comprises a plurality of light guide fibers arranged in parallel, and the wavelength division multiplexer comprises a first wavelength division multiplexer and a second wavelength division multiplexer; the output end of the multi-wavelength light source is connected with the input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the first wavelength division multiplexer is connected with one end of the light guide fiber, the other end of the light guide fiber is connected with the input end of the second wavelength division multiplexer, and the output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the input end of the spectrum scanner.
Optionally, the monitoring system further includes a circulator, the optical fiber unit includes a plurality of optical fibers arranged in parallel, an output end of the multi-wavelength light source is connected to an a port of the circulator, a b port of the circulator is connected to a wavelength division multiplexer, the other end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the optical fiber, and a c port of the circulator is connected to the spectrum scanner.
The monitoring system can adopt the following four types of structures:
(1) The monitoring system comprises a multi-wavelength light source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a spectrum scanner and a data acquisition and analysis unit, and the light guide fibers are in a parallel distribution structure; the specific light path is as follows: the output of the multi-wavelength light source is connected with the input end of a first wavelength division multiplexer, and the first wavelength division multiplexer divides a plurality of wavelengths respectively to connect the optical fibers F 1 ～F m Optical fiber F 1 ～F m On which discrete microstructures are made, the output of every light-conducting fibre is connected with secondThe output port of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the spectrum scanner, and the spectrum scanner is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit.
The monitoring method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, demultiplexing multi-wavelength detection optical signals by a first wavelength division multiplexer, respectively injecting the multi-wavelength detection optical signals into each light guide fiber, and multiplexing response optical signals output by each light guide fiber by a second wavelength division multiplexer and outputting the response optical signals to a spectrum scanner;
and 2, processing the received signals by the spectrum scanner, and respectively analyzing the event information carried by each wavelength signal. Events such as pressure, temperature, strain, dendrite length, etc.;
and 3, comprehensively analyzing the measurement results of the multiple wavelength signals, and determining the occurrence position, the signal size, the area covered by the event and the like of each event.
(2) Based on a first multi-wavelength light source, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a second wavelength division multiplexer, a first spectrum scanner, a second wavelength light source, a third wavelength division multiplexer, a fourth wavelength division multiplexer, a second spectrum scanner and a data acquisition and analysis unit, and the light guide fibers are in a structure of grid distribution; the specific light path is as follows: in the horizontal direction, the output of the first multi-wavelength light source is connected with the input end of a first wavelength division multiplexer, and the first wavelength division multiplexer divides a plurality of wavelengths respectively to connect with the optical fiber F 1 ～F m Optical fiber F 1 ～F m The output of each light guide fiber is connected with the input port of a second wavelength division multiplexer, and the output port of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with a first spectrum scanner; in the vertical direction: the output of the second multi-wavelength light source is connected with the input end of a third wavelength division multiplexer, and the third wavelength division multiplexer respectively splits off a plurality of wavelengths to connect and guide the optical fiber F 1 ～F n Optical fiber F 1 ～F n The output of each light guide fiber is connected with the input port of a fourth wavelength division multiplexer, the output port of the fourth wavelength division multiplexer is connected with a second spectrum scanner, and the first spectrum scanner and the second spectrum scanner are both connected with a data acquisition and analysis unit. In the horizontal and vertical directionsThe light guide fibers are distributed in a grid shape.
(3) Based on the structure of a multi-wavelength light source, a circulator, a wavelength division multiplexer, a spectrum scanner and a data acquisition and analysis unit; the specific light path is as follows: the output of the multi-wavelength light source is connected with the port a of the circulator, the port b of the circulator is connected with the input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, and the wavelength division multiplexer respectively splits off a plurality of wavelengths to connect the optical fiber F 1 ～F m Optical fiber F 1 ～F m The device is provided with a discrete microstructure, and a c port of the circulator is connected with a spectrum scanner which is connected with a data acquisition and analysis unit.
(4) The system structure includes first multi-wavelength light source, first circulator, first wavelength division multiplexer, first spectrum scanner, second multi-wavelength light source, second circulator, second wavelength division multiplexer, second spectrum scanner, data acquisition and analysis unit's structure, and concrete light path is: the output of the first multi-wavelength light source is connected with the port a of the first circulator, the port b of the first circulator is connected with the input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer, and the first wavelength division multiplexer divides a plurality of wavelengths respectively to receive the optical fiber F 1 ～F m Optical fiber F 1 ～F m A discrete microstructure is manufactured on the first circulator, and a port c of the first circulator is connected with a first spectrum scanner; the output of the second multi-wavelength light source is connected with the port a of the second circulator, the port b of the second circulator is connected with the input end of the second wavelength division multiplexer, and the second wavelength division multiplexer divides a plurality of wavelengths respectively to connect the optical fiber F 1 ～F n Optical fiber F 1 ～F n A discrete microstructure is manufactured on the optical fiber, and the port c of the second circulator is connected with a second spectrum scanner; the first spectrum scanner and the second spectrum scanner are simultaneously connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit. The light guide fibers in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are distributed in a grid shape.
The data acquisition and analysis unit can judge the change of the refractive index around the light guide fiber according to the intensity change of each wavelength signal, determine the thickness of dendritic crystal growth, and judge the change of pressure and temperature according to the drift amount of the wavelength; the measurement results of the plurality of light guide fibers can be comprehensively analyzed, the measurement signals can be distinguished, the signal types such as pressure, temperature or dendrite can be confirmed, and meanwhile, the working process in the battery can be monitored in a real-time and distributed mode.
The invention also provides a monitoring method of the battery monitoring system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Arranging the light guide fiber unit in a diaphragm area of the battery or embedding the light guide fiber unit into the diaphragm, and outputting the light guide fiber to a spectrum scanner;
(2) The spectrum scanner processes each received response optical signal and respectively analyzes event information carried by each wavelength signal;
(3) And comparing and analyzing the response optical signals of the plurality of optical fibers to determine the occurrence position of each event and the size of the area covered by the event.
Preferably, the change of the refractive index around the light guide fiber is obtained according to the intensity change of each wavelength response optical signal, and the growth thickness of the dendrite is determined; the variation of pressure and temperature is obtained according to the drift amount of the wavelength. The measurement results of the plurality of light guide fibers can be comprehensively analyzed, the measurement signals can be distinguished, the signal types such as pressure, temperature or dendrite can be confirmed, and meanwhile, the working process in the battery can be monitored in a real-time and distributed mode.
The invention can realize real-time monitoring of the internal working state of the battery and timely give out early warning signals by utilizing the multi-wavelength light source, the wavelength division multiplexer, the plurality of light guide fibers which are arranged in parallel or distributed in a cross way, the circulator and related photoelectric accessories of the above devices. The sensing system designed by the invention can be embedded into the battery diaphragm, so that the spatial resolution of battery monitoring is improved, and various parameters to be measured such as the temperature, the pressure, the strain, the dendritic crystal growth process and the like in the battery can be monitored more comprehensively.
The invention applies the light guide fiber sensing technology to the monitoring and early warning of the battery, and is a light guide fiber sensing system based on the wavelength division utilization technology to realize the in-situ monitoring inside the battery by embedding the sensing system in the diaphragm. The technical difficulty of the invention is that the in-situ monitoring inside the battery needs to feed back the data inside the battery in real time under the condition of not influencing the efficiency of the battery, the battery is of a sealed structure and is not easy to implant a sensor, and if the sensor is implanted, the performance of the battery can be influenced. The micro-nano light guide fiber adopted by the invention has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, passivity, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and if the micro-nano light guide fiber is embedded into a battery diaphragm, the influence on the battery efficiency is very weak, and the micro-nano light guide fiber is very sensitive to the change of the peripheral refractive index, so that the micro-nano light guide fiber is very suitable for being embedded into the diaphragm to realize the safety early warning of the battery. Therefore, the invention innovatively proposes that the micro-nano light guide fibers are woven into a groined network, the diaphragm is embedded, and then the wavelength division multiplexing technology is used for carrying out in-situ monitoring on the battery diaphragm so as to realize the safety early warning of the battery.
Has the advantages that:
the invention introduces the micro-nano optical fiber detection technology into the battery safety early warning field, and realizes the in-situ monitoring of a plurality of parameters such as the pressure, the temperature, the strain, the dendritic crystal growth process and the like in the battery. The special structural form provided by the invention determines that the full-distributed measurement in the battery can be realized, and the ion penetration function of the diaphragm is not influenced.
The system of the invention uses a multi-wavelength light source, and multi-wavelength signals of the light source are decomposed by a wavelength division multiplexer and are respectively coupled to a plurality of light guide fibers, so that the signals of all wavelengths are respectively used for safety early warning and monitoring. The system is embedded into the battery diaphragm, and the scheme can improve the spatial resolution of diaphragm monitoring and monitor the working process in the battery more comprehensively. The invention has great significance in battery safety early warning.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing sensing system with parallel light-conducting fibers.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing sensing system with a grid-type distribution of optical fibers.
Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing sensing system with parallel single-ended detection type optical fibers.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing sensing system with a grid-type distribution of single-ended detection type optical fibers.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The diameter of the light-conducting fibers used in the following examples was less than 125 microns and the wavelength range of the multi-wavelength light source used was between 260nm and 4000 nm.
Example 1:
the monitoring system of the present embodiment is suitable for in-situ monitoring of a battery, as shown in fig. 1, the monitoring system of the present embodiment includes a multi-wavelength light source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, a light guide fiber unit 3, a wavelength division multiplexer 4, a spectrum scanner 5, and a data acquisition and analysis unit 6, the light guide fiber unit 3 includes m light guide fibers arranged in parallel, and m is a positive integer.
In this embodiment, a wavelength division multiplexing sensing system is adopted, and the optical path connection mode of the system is as follows: the output of the multi-wavelength light source 1 is connected to the input of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and the wavelength division multiplexer 2 divides a plurality of wavelengths into separate optical fibers 3 (F) 1 ～F m ) Optical fiber 3 (F) 1 ～F m ) The micro-structure is manufactured with discrete micro-structures, the output of each light guide fiber is connected with the input port of the wavelength division multiplexer 4, the output port of the wavelength division multiplexer 4 is connected with the spectrum scanner 5, the spectrum scanner 5 is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 6, and the specific light path is shown in figure 1.
The specific monitoring process comprises the following steps:
step 1, optical signals containing multiple wavelengths output by a multi-wavelength light source 1 are respectively led into each light guide fiber 3 by a wavelength division multiplexer 1, signals containing sensing information output by the light guide fibers are output to a wavelength division multiplexer 4, the wavelength division multiplexer 4 collects the sensing information of each light guide fiber to a spectrum scanner 5, and finally, the spectrum scanner 5 sends the signals to a data acquisition and analysis unit 6 for processing and analysis;
step 2, the data acquisition and analysis unit 6 can judge the change of the refractive index around the light guide fiber according to the intensity change of each wavelength signal, and then determine the growth height of the dendrite, and judge the change of the pressure and the temperature according to the drift amount of the wavelength.
And 3, integrating the measurement results of the plurality of light guide fibers, distinguishing the positions of signal points (pressure, temperature or dendritic crystals) of the measurement signals, and monitoring the working process in the battery in a distributed manner in real time.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, the monitoring system of the present embodiment includes a first multi-wavelength light source 7, a first wavelength division multiplexer 8, a first optical fiber unit 9, a second wavelength division multiplexer 10, a first optical spectrum scanner 11, a second multi-wavelength light source 12, a third wavelength division multiplexer 13, a second optical fiber unit 14, a fourth wavelength division multiplexer 15, a second optical spectrum scanner 16, and a data acquisition and analysis unit 17. The first optical fiber unit 9 includes m optical fibers arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, the second optical fiber unit 14 includes n optical fibers arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, and m and n are positive integers.
The system optical path connection mode when the embodiment is used for sensing is as follows:
in the horizontal direction, the output end of the first multi-wavelength light source 7 is connected to the input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer 8, and the second wavelength division multiplexer 10 splits off the plurality of wavelengths to connect the optical fibers 9 (F) 1 ～F m ) Optical fiber (F) 1 ～F m ) On which discrete microstructures are made, each light-guiding fiber F 1 ～F m The output of the second wavelength division multiplexer 10 is connected with the input port of the second wavelength division multiplexer 10, the output port of the second wavelength division multiplexer 10 is connected with the first spectrum scanner 11, and the first spectrum scanner 11 is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 17.
In the vertical direction: the output of the second multi-wavelength light source 12 is connected to the input of the third wavelength division multiplexer 13, and the third wavelength division multiplexer 13 splits the plurality of wavelengths into a plurality of wavelengths to connect the optical fibers 14 (F) 1 ～F n ) Optical fiber 14 (F) 1 ～F n ) On which discrete microstructures are made, each light-guiding fiber (F) 1 ～F n ) The output of the optical fiber is connected to the input port of the fourth wavelength division multiplexer 15, the output port of the fourth wavelength division multiplexer 15 is connected to the second spectrum scanner 16, the second spectrum scanner 16 is connected to the data acquisition and analysis unit 17, and the specific optical path is shown in fig. 2. The light guide fibers in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are distributed in a grid shape.
The sensing process comprises the following steps:
step 1, in the horizontal direction: output of the first multi-wavelength light source 7The optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths are introduced into the respective optical fibers 9 by the first wavelength division multiplexer 8 (F) 1 ～F m ) Optical fiber 9 (F) 1 ～F m ) The output signal containing the sensing information is output to the second wavelength division multiplexer 10, and the second wavelength division multiplexer 10 summarizes the sensing information of each optical fiber to the spectrum scanner 11; the optical signals having a plurality of wavelengths output from the second multi-wavelength light source 12 are introduced into the respective optical fibers 14 by the third wavelength division multiplexer 13 (F) 1 ～F n ) Optical fiber 14 (F) 1 ～F n ) The output signal containing the sensing information is output to a fourth wavelength division multiplexer 15, and the fourth wavelength division multiplexer 15 collects the sensing information of each optical fiber to a second spectrum scanner 16; finally, the first spectral scanner 11 and the second spectral scanner 16 simultaneously send the signals to the data collecting and analyzing unit 17 for processing and analysis.
Step 2, the data collecting and analyzing unit 17 can determine the change of the refractive index around the light guide fiber according to the intensity change of each wavelength signal, and then determine the height of the dendritic crystal growth, and on the other hand, determine the change of the pressure and the temperature according to the drift amount of the wavelength.
And 3, integrating the measurement results of the plurality of light guide fibers, distinguishing the positions of signal points (pressure, temperature or dendritic crystals) of the measurement signals, and monitoring the working process in the battery in a distributed manner in real time.
Example 3:
the system structure in this case includes a third multi-wavelength light source 18, a first circulator 19, a fifth wavelength division multiplexer 20, a third optical fiber unit 21, a third spectral scanner 22, and a data acquisition and analysis unit 23. The third optical fiber unit comprises m optical fibers which are arranged in parallel along the horizontal direction.
The specific implementation steps of the case when used for sensing are as follows:
the optical path connection mode of the system is as follows: the output of the third multi-wavelength light source 18 is connected to the a port of the first circulator 19, the b port of the circulator 19 is connected to the input of the fifth wavelength division multiplexer 20, and the fifth wavelength division multiplexer 20 splits the plurality of wavelengths into separate wavelengths to connect the optical fibers 21 (F) 1 ～F m ) Optical fiber 21 (F) 1 ～F m ) Discrete microstructures are manufactured on the optical fiber, a port c of the circulator 19 is connected with a third spectrum scanner 22, the third spectrum scanner 22 is connected with a data acquisition and analysis unit 23, and the specific optical path is shown in fig. 3.
The sensing process comprises the following steps:
in step 1, the optical signal with multiple wavelengths output from the third multi-wavelength light source 18 is sent to the port a of the circulator 19, and the signal is decomposed by the fifth wavelength division multiplexer 20 via the port b of the circulator 19 and then respectively guided into the optical fibers 21 (F) 1 ～F m ) Respective light guide fiber (F) 1 ～F m ) The internal back reflection/scattering signal is output to the spectrum scanner 22 through ports b and c of the circulator 19, and finally the spectrum scanner 22 sends the signal to the data acquisition and analysis unit 23 for processing and analysis;
step 2, the data collecting and analyzing unit 23 can determine the change of the refractive index around the optical fiber according to the intensity change of each wavelength signal, and determine the growth height of the dendrite, and determine the change of the pressure and the temperature according to the drift amount of the wavelength.
And 3, by utilizing an optical time domain reflection technology, integrating the measurement results of the plurality of light guide fibers, distinguishing the positions of signal points (pressure intensity, temperature or dendritic crystals) of the measurement signals, and monitoring the working process in the battery in a real-time and distributed manner.
Example 4:
the system structure of the present embodiment includes a fourth multi-wavelength light source 24, a second circulator 25, a sixth wavelength division multiplexer 26, a fourth optical fiber unit 27, a fourth spectral scanner 28, a fifth multi-wavelength light source 29, a third circulator 30, a seventh wavelength division multiplexer 31, a fifth optical fiber unit 32, a fifth spectral scanner 33, and a data acquisition and analysis unit 34. The fourth optical fiber unit 27 includes m optical fibers arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, and the fifth optical fiber unit 32 includes n optical fibers arranged in parallel in the vertical direction.
The specific implementation steps of the method for sensing are as follows:
system optical path linkThe connection mode is as follows: the output of the fourth multi-wavelength light source 24 is connected to the port a of the second circulator 25, the port b of the second circulator 25 is connected to the input of the sixth wavelength division multiplexer 26, and the sixth wavelength division multiplexer 26 divides a plurality of wavelengths into a plurality of wavelengths to connect the wavelengths to the optical fiber 27 (F) 1 ～F m ) Optical fiber 27 (F) 1 ～F m ) Discrete microstructures are manufactured on the first circulator, and a port c of the second circulator 25 is connected with a fourth spectrum scanner 28; the output of the fifth multi-wavelength light source 29 is connected to the a port of the circulator 30, the b port of the third circulator 30 is connected to the input of the wavelength division multiplexer 31, and the seventh wavelength division multiplexer 31 splits off a plurality of wavelengths to connect to the optical fibers 32 (F) 1 ～F n ) Optical fiber 32 (F) 1 ～F n ) Discrete microstructures are manufactured on the third circulator, and a port c of the third circulator 30 is connected with a fifth spectrum scanner 33; the fourth spectral scanner 28 and the fifth spectral scanner 33 are connected to the data collecting and analyzing unit 34 at the same time, and the specific optical path is shown in fig. 4. The light guide fibers in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are distributed in a grid shape.
The sensing process comprises the following steps:
step 1, the optical signal with multiple wavelengths output by the fourth multi-wavelength light source 24 is sent to the port a of the second circulator 25, the signal is decomposed by the port b of the second circulator 25 by the sixth wavelength division multiplexer 26 and then is respectively led into each light guide fiber 27, and the back reflection/scattering signal inside each light guide fiber is output to the fourth spectrum scanner 28 through the ports b and c of the second circulator 25; the optical signal having a plurality of wavelengths output from the fifth multi-wavelength light source 29 is sent to the port a of the circulator 30, and the signal is split by the seventh wavelength division multiplexer 31 via the port b of the third circulator 30 and then introduced into the respective optical fibers 32 (F) 1 ～F n ) Respective light guide fibers 32 (F) 1 ～F n ) The internal back reflected/scattered signals are output to the fifth spectral scanner 33 via ports b, c of the third circulator 30; finally, the fourth spectrum scanner 28 and the fifth spectrum scanner 33 simultaneously send the signals to the data collecting and analyzing unit 34 for processing and analysis;
step 2, the data collecting and analyzing unit 34 can determine the change of the refractive index around the optical fiber according to the intensity change of each wavelength signal, and determine the growth height of the dendrite, and determine the change of the pressure and temperature according to the drift amount of the wavelength.
And 3, by utilizing an optical time domain reflection technology, integrating the measurement results of the plurality of light guide fibers, distinguishing the positions of signal points (pressure intensity, temperature or dendritic crystals) of the measurement signals, and monitoring the working process in the battery in a real-time and distributed manner.

Claims (7)

1. A battery monitoring system, characterized by: the optical fiber detection device comprises a multi-wavelength light source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a light guide fiber unit and a spectrum scanner, wherein the multi-wavelength light source is used for providing a multi-wavelength detection optical signal, and the spectrum scanner is used for receiving and processing a response optical signal output by the light guide fiber; the multi-wavelength detection optical signal is injected into the light guide fiber unit through the wavelength division multiplexer, the light guide fiber is implanted into a single battery, and the response optical signal output by the light guide fiber is processed through the spectrum scanner; the light guide fiber unit comprises a plurality of light guide fibers which are distributed in parallel or in a cross way, and the light guide fibers are embedded into the battery diaphragm; the light guide fiber is provided with a microstructure.
2. The battery monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the light guide fiber unit comprises a plurality of light guide fibers arranged in parallel or in a crossed mode, and the wavelength division multiplexer comprises a first wavelength division multiplexer and a second wavelength division multiplexer; the output end of the multi-wavelength light source is connected with the input end of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the first wavelength division multiplexer is connected with one end of the light guide fiber, the other end of the light guide fiber is connected with the input end of the second wavelength division multiplexer, and the output end of the second wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the input end of the spectrum scanner.
3. The battery monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber unit comprises a plurality of optical fibers arranged in parallel or in a crossed mode, the output end of the multi-wavelength light source is connected with the port a of the circulator, the port b of the circulator is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer, the other end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the optical fibers, and the port c of the circulator is connected with the spectrum scanner.
4. The battery monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the light guide fiber unit comprises light guide fibers, and the diameters of the light guide fibers are smaller than 125 mu m.
5. The battery monitoring system of claim 4, wherein: the surface of the light guide fiber is covered with an anticorrosive layer.
6. A battery monitoring method using the battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the battery monitoring method comprises the following steps:
(1) Embedding the light guide fiber into the diaphragm, and outputting a signal to the spectrum scanner by the light guide fiber;
(2) The spectrum scanner processes each received response optical signal and respectively analyzes event information carried by each wavelength signal;
(3) And comparing and analyzing the response optical signals of the plurality of optical fibers to determine the occurrence position of each event and the size of the area covered by the event.
7. The battery monitoring method according to claim 6, wherein: obtaining the change of the refractive index around the light guide fiber according to the intensity change of each wavelength response optical signal, and determining the growth thickness of the dendrite; the variation of pressure and temperature is obtained according to the drift amount of the wavelength.
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CN201885826U (en) * 2010-11-18 2011-06-29 山东省科学院激光研究所 Electromechanical equipment optical fiber online monitoring system
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