CN113075296A - Method and device for detecting safety of outer wall structure based on sound wave detection and BIM model - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting safety of outer wall structure based on sound wave detection and BIM model Download PDFInfo
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
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Abstract
The invention discloses an outer wall structure safety detection method and device based on sound wave detection and BIM (building information modeling), wherein a detection person can construct a three-dimensional building information model of a wall body to be detected through an outer wall structure safety detection operation platform which is researched and developed by himself, and detection data are directly marked to a designated area of the corresponding wall body in the three-dimensional building information model on a detection site, so that the probability that the detection data are easy to make mistakes and are easy to miss detection and false detection by recording a notebook in the past is reduced. In addition, the method and the device automatically analyze whether the wall structure is safe or not based on the model marking data, and greatly improve the efficiency of data analysis and the accuracy of defect judgment. In addition, the wall body adhesion defect detection method based on sound waves provided by the invention has the advantages that the wall body adhesion conditions are classified and identified according to the fact that different wall body adhesion has different knocking sound wave characteristics, and the classification detection results of the wall body adhesion defects are more scientific and objective.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building safety detection, in particular to an external wall structure safety detection method and device based on sound wave detection and a BIM (building information modeling).
Background
Wall structure safety inspection is a tedious and time-consuming process, and the traditional wall structure safety inspection method usually comprises the following steps: whether the wall body structure is safe or not is detected by detection personnel on site by using various types of detector, the on-site detection data is recorded on a notebook, and after all detection is completed, all detection data are manually processed and analyzed to judge which wall bodies or which areas in the wall bodies have structural potential safety hazards. However, the conventional wall structure safety detection method mainly has the following problems:
1. when a plurality of detection areas exist or a plurality of or even dozens of walls need to be subjected to structure safety detection at the same time, the mode of recording detection data by the notepad is easy to make mistakes, the detection data and the detection part can not correspond to each other often, repeated detection is easy to cause, and unnecessary workload is increased;
2. false detection and missing detection are easy to occur, and the accuracy of wall structure safety detection is influenced. For example, when a part of the detection items are missed by a detector, the situation that the detected items are qualified in detection but the missed items are actually unqualified may occur, which may affect the accurate judgment on the safety of the whole structure of the wall body;
3. the manual mode of processing and analyzing the detection data is time-consuming and labor-consuming, is easy to make mistakes, has subjectivity, and is not beneficial to the objective evaluation on the safety of the wall structure.
In addition, due to environmental influences or construction quality and other reasons, a detachment phenomenon often occurs between the facing tile and the brick wall or the concrete base layer, and as time goes on, under the effects of rainwater, strong wind, humidity, thawing circulation and the like, the facing layer may fall off from the base layer, so that great potential safety hazards exist, and therefore wall body adhesion force defect detection becomes a major factor in wall body structure safety detection. The traditional wall adhesion defect detection method is to knock the wall surface and judge whether the wall has the defects of insufficient adhesion and the like such as hollowing and the like through a man-made sound discrimination mode, but the traditional adhesion defect detection mode depends heavily on the personal experience of detection personnel, the detection result is not scientific and objective, and the reference value is not large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an outer wall structure safety detection method and device based on sound wave detection and a BIM model, wherein a detection person can construct a three-dimensional building information model of a wall body to be detected through an outer wall structure safety detection operation platform which is researched and developed by self, and detection data are directly marked to a specified area of the corresponding wall body in the three-dimensional building information model on a detection site, so that the probability that the detection data recorded by a notebook are easy to make mistakes and are easy to miss detection and false detection is reduced. In addition, the method and the device automatically analyze whether the wall structure is safe or not based on the model marking data, and greatly improve the efficiency of data analysis and the accuracy of defect judgment. In addition, the wall body adhesion defect detection method based on sound waves provided by the invention has the advantages that the wall body adhesion conditions are classified and identified according to the fact that different wall body adhesion has different knocking sound wave characteristics, and the classification detection results of the wall body adhesion defects are more scientific and objective.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for detecting the safety of the outer wall structure based on the sound wave detection and the BIM model comprises the following specific steps:
step S1, constructing a three-dimensional building information model;
step S2, marking the wall safety detection data to the appointed position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model;
step S3, extracting model marking data required by data analysis from a database, automatically processing and analyzing the extracted model marking data, and generating a corresponding outer wall structure safety detection report;
the wall safety detection data comprises sound wave detection data generated by detecting whether the wall has the bonding defect in a sound wave detection mode, and the method for detecting whether the wall has the bonding defect in the sound wave detection mode comprises the following steps:
step L1, preprocessing the sound signal of the knocking sound of the knocking outer wall;
a step L2 of extracting MFCC parameters of the acoustic signal;
and L3, classifying and identifying whether the wall has the bonding defects or not based on the MFCC parameters.
Preferably, in the step L1, the method for preprocessing the acoustic signal includes:
a step L11 of performing signal amplification processing on a high-frequency part of the acoustic signal;
step L12, filtering the acoustic signal after signal amplification by using a Mel filter;
step L13, framing the acoustic signal after filtering;
and L14, performing end point detection on the acoustic signal of each frame to extract a signal segment in each frame.
Preferably, in the step L2, the method for extracting the MFCC parameters of the acoustic signal includes:
l21, performing discrete Fourier transform on each frame of the preprocessed acoustic signals to obtain linear frequency spectrums corresponding to each frame of the acoustic signals;
step L22, calculating the amplitude spectrum of each frame of the acoustic signal according to the linear frequency spectrum;
a step L23 of converting the magnitude spectrum into a Mel-frequency spectrum;
and L24, taking logarithm of the Mel frequency spectrum, and further performing discrete cosine transform to obtain the MFCC parameters corresponding to the acoustic signals.
Preferably, in the step L3, the method for classifying and identifying whether the wall has the adhesion defect includes:
step L31, matching the MFCC parameters characterizing the signal characteristics of the acoustic signal with the signal characteristic parameters of a reference template one by one, and calculating the distance between each matched characteristic and the corresponding template characteristic;
step L32, calculating the sum of the distances between each matching feature of the MFCC parameters and the corresponding template feature in the reference template;
and L33, determining the wall bonding defect type corresponding to the reference template with the minimum distance sum obtained by solving as the bonding defect type existing in the current wall area.
The invention also provides an external wall structure safety detection device based on sound wave detection and a BIM model, which comprises:
the site end wall structure safety detection equipment is used for providing detection personnel with site detection on whether the wall structure is safe or not and marking detection data into a pre-constructed wall three-dimensional building information model;
the remote end data analysis processing equipment is in communication connection with the site end wall structure safety detection equipment and is used for automatically analyzing whether the wall structure is safe or not according to the detection data marked in the three-dimensional building information model and forming a detection report;
the device also comprises an outer wall structure safety detection operating platform which can run in the site end wall structure safety detection equipment or the remote end data analysis processing equipment, wherein the outer wall structure safety detection operating platform comprises:
the model building module is used for providing the three-dimensional building information model of the wall to be detected for the detection personnel;
the model display module is connected with the model construction module and used for displaying the three-dimensional building information model to the detection personnel;
the data marking module is connected with the model display module and used for providing the detection personnel with the detection data to mark the detection data to the corresponding wall body area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the image uploading and linking module is connected with the model display module and is used for uploading a wall damage image shot on site for the detection personnel and automatically linking the wall damage image to the position, corresponding to the wall area, in the three-dimensional building information model;
the data extraction module is used for extracting model marking data required by data analysis from a database according to the data analysis instruction;
the data analysis module is connected with the data extraction module and used for automatically processing and analyzing the extracted model marking data according to a preset data analysis method and forming a corresponding outer wall structure safety detection report;
and the report pushing module is connected with the data analysis module and used for pushing the outer wall structure safety detection report to designated personnel through an intelligent terminal.
Preferably, the field end wall structure safety detection device comprises:
the acoustic signal preprocessing module is used for preprocessing an acoustic signal of knocking sound generated by knocking an outer wall;
the MFCC parameter extraction module is connected with the acoustic signal preprocessing module and is used for extracting MFCC parameters of the preprocessed acoustic signal;
the wall defect identification module is connected with the MFCC parameter extraction module and is used for identifying and classifying whether the wall has the bonding defects or not based on the MFCC parameters;
the acoustic signal preprocessing module specifically comprises:
a signal amplification processing unit for performing signal amplification processing on a high-frequency part of the acoustic signal;
the signal filtering processing unit is connected with the signal amplifying processing unit and is used for filtering the sound signal subjected to signal amplifying processing by adopting a Mel filter;
the signal framing unit is connected with the signal filtering processing unit and is used for framing the sound signals after filtering processing;
the end point detection unit is connected with the signal framing unit and is used for carrying out end point detection on the acoustic signal of each frame so as to extract a signal segment in each frame;
the MFCC parameter extraction module specifically comprises:
the linear frequency spectrum generating unit is used for carrying out discrete Fourier transform on each frame of the preprocessed acoustic signals to obtain a linear frequency spectrum corresponding to the acoustic signals;
the amplitude spectrum calculation unit is connected with the linear frequency spectrum generation unit and is used for calculating the amplitude spectrum of each frame of the acoustic signal according to the linear frequency spectrum;
the Mel frequency spectrum forming unit is connected with the magnitude spectrum calculating unit and is used for forming the magnitude spectrum into a Mel frequency spectrum;
and the MFCC parameter extraction unit is connected with the Mel frequency spectrum forming unit and is used for taking the logarithm of the Mel frequency and further performing discrete cosine transform to obtain the MFCC parameters corresponding to the acoustic signals.
Preferably, the data tagging module comprises:
the brick wall damage detection data marking unit is used for providing damage detection data of the brick wall or the concrete wall for the detection personnel to mark at the corresponding wall body area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the curtain wall keel detection data marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with curtain wall keel detection data marked at a corresponding keel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the curtain wall panel detection data marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with curtain wall panel detection data marked at a corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the other detection data marking unit is used for providing other safety detection data for the detection personnel to mark at the appointed position of the corresponding wall body area in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the marking data storage unit is respectively connected with the brick wall crack detection data marking unit, the curtain wall keel detection data marking unit, the curtain wall panel detection data marking unit and the other detection data marking units and is used for storing various types of model marking data into the database according to preset data storage rules.
Preferably, the brick wall damage detection data marking unit specifically includes:
the wall thickness marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with the thickness of a brick wall or a concrete wall marked at the specified position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the wall crack detection data marking unit is used for providing crack detection data of a brick wall or a concrete wall for the detection personnel to mark at the specified position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the wall leakage detection data marking unit is used for providing the wall leakage detection data of the brick wall or the concrete wall for the detection personnel to mark at the appointed position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model.
Preferably, the curtain wall keel detection data marking unit specifically comprises:
the coating thickness marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with the coating thickness of the keel marked at the appointed position corresponding to the keel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the cross section size marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with the cross section size of a keel marked at the appointed position corresponding to the keel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the embedded part damage detection data marking unit is used for providing the embedded part damage detection data for supporting the keel for the detection personnel to mark at the specified position corresponding to the keel area in the three-dimensional building information model.
Preferably, the curtain wall panel detection data marking unit specifically comprises:
the panel thickness marking unit is used for providing the detecting personnel with the thickness of a curtain wall panel marked at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the panel damage detection data marking unit is used for providing panel damage detection data for the detection personnel to mark at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the sealant hardness marking unit is used for providing the tester with the hardness of the sealant marked at the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the sealing rubber strip damage marking unit is used for providing a sealing rubber strip damage position for the detection personnel to mark at a corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the hardware detection data marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with hardware detection data marked at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the panel leakage detection data marking unit is used for providing the panel leakage positions for the detection personnel to mark at the corresponding panel areas in the three-dimensional building information model;
the panel and structural adhesive adhesion force detection data marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with adhesion force detection data of the panel and the structural adhesive marked at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the other detection data marking units specifically include:
the deflection marking unit is used for providing the detecting personnel with deflection of the bent member marked at the bent member in the three-dimensional building information model;
the perpendicularity marking unit is used for providing the perpendicularity of the bent member for the detection personnel to mark at the position, corresponding to the bent member, in the three-dimensional building information model or mark at the designated position, corresponding to the wall or the panel, in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the levelness marking unit is used for providing levelness for the detecting personnel to mark the levelness of the bent member or the wall or the panel at the position corresponding to the bent member or the wall or the panel in the three-dimensional building information model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the detection personnel can construct the three-dimensional building information model of the wall to be detected by self through the outer wall structure safety detection operation platform provided by the invention, and directly mark the detection data to the specified area of the corresponding wall in the three-dimensional building information model on the detection site, thereby reducing the probability that the detection data recorded by a notebook is easy to make mistakes and is easy to miss detection and false detection.
2. According to the invention, whether the wall structure is safe or not is automatically analyzed based on the model marking data, so that the data analysis efficiency and the wall structure safety detection accuracy are greatly improved.
3. According to the wall body adhesion defect detection method based on sound waves, provided by the invention, the wall body adhesion conditions are classified and identified according to the fact that different wall body adhesion has different knocking sound wave characteristics, and the classification detection results of the wall body adhesion defects are more scientific and objective.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating implementation steps of an exterior wall structure safety detection method based on acoustic detection and a BIM model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the steps of a method for detecting whether a wall body has a bonding defect by sound waves;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the method steps for preprocessing acoustic signals during acoustic detection of wall bonding defects;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of method steps for extracting MFCC parameters for an acoustic signal;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of method steps for identifying and classifying wall bond defects based on MFCC parameters;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an exterior wall structure safety detection device based on acoustic detection and a BIM model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the outer wall structure safety detection operating platform;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the site end wall structure safety detection device.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not indicated or implied that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and the specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" or the like, if appearing to indicate a connection relationship between the components, is to be understood broadly, for example, as being fixed or detachable or integral; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through one or more other components or may be in an interactive relationship with one another. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
An embodiment of the invention provides an external wall structure safety detection method based on acoustic detection and a BIM model, which comprises the following specific steps as shown in FIG. 1:
step S1, constructing a three-dimensional building information model;
step S2, marking the wall safety detection data to the designated position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model;
step S3, extracting model marking data needed by data analysis from a database, automatically processing and analyzing the extracted model marking data, and generating a corresponding outer wall structure safety detection report;
the wall safety detection data includes sound wave detection data generated by detecting whether the wall has the bonding defect in a sound wave detection mode, and as shown in fig. 2, the method for detecting whether the wall has the bonding defect in the sound wave detection mode includes the following steps:
step L1, preprocessing the sound signal of the knocking sound of the knocking outer wall;
step L2, extracting MFCC (mel frequency cepstrum coefficient) parameters of the acoustic signal;
and L3, identifying and classifying the bonding defects existing in the wall body based on the MFCC parameters.
In step S1, the three-dimensional building information model is pre-constructed by the inspection staff through the external wall structure safety inspection device provided by the invention. As shown in fig. 6, the exterior wall structure safety detection device includes:
the site end wall structure safety detection equipment is used for providing detection personnel with whether the wall structure is safe or not and marking detection data into a pre-constructed three-dimensional building information model of the wall to be detected;
the remote end data analysis processing equipment is in communication connection with the site end wall structure safety detection equipment and is used for automatically analyzing whether the wall structure is safe or not according to the detection data marked in the three-dimensional building information model and forming a detection report;
the device also comprises an outer wall structure safety detection operating platform which can run in the field end wall structure safety detection equipment or the remote end data analysis processing equipment, wherein the outer wall structure safety detection operating platform is used for providing detection personnel with operations such as three-dimensional building information model construction, detection data marking, modification, deletion and the like. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the external wall structure safety detection operating platform includes the following functional modules:
the model building module is used for providing a three-dimensional building information model for building the wall to be detected for detection personnel;
the model display module is connected with the model construction module and used for displaying the three-dimensional building information model to detection personnel;
the data marking module is connected with the model display module and used for providing detection data for detection personnel to mark the detection data to the corresponding wall body area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the image uploading and linking module is connected with the model display module and is used for uploading the wall damage images shot on site for detection personnel and automatically linking the wall damage images to corresponding wall areas in the three-dimensional building information model;
the data extraction module is used for extracting model marking data required by data analysis from a database according to the data analysis instruction;
the data analysis module is connected with the data extraction module and used for automatically processing and analyzing the extracted model marking data according to a preset data analysis method and forming a corresponding outer wall structure safety detection report;
and the report pushing module is connected with the data analysis module and used for pushing the outer wall structure safety detection report to designated personnel through the intelligent terminal.
In order to implement the model building function, as shown in fig. 7, the model building module specifically includes:
the outer wall combination block design unit is used for providing various combination blocks for designers to design and combine into an outer wall structure, and presetting the combination blocks into an outer wall structure safety detection operation platform;
the model element selection unit is used for providing detection personnel with a combination block required by model construction selected from preset combination blocks;
and the model construction unit is connected with the model element selection unit and used for providing the detection personnel with all the selected combination blocks to construct a three-dimensional building information model.
Because wall body type and wall body structure are various, for example, the wall body type has brick wall, concrete wall, glass curtain wall, panel curtain wall etc. and wall body structure includes pure brick wall, pure concrete wall, wall body and window form combination, wall body and door body combination, curtain wall keel structure, curtain wall panel structure etc. so the combination piece that is used for constituting the outer wall structure of model is also various, and the outward appearance, the structure of these combination pieces need carry out the independent design according to actual wall body detection demand. The invention combines the daily detection requirements, summarizes the structural style of the combined block, and mainly comprises various types and multi-angle brick wall structures, glass panel structures, curtain wall panel structures, window structures, door structures, curtain wall keel structures, curtain wall panel structures and the like. The naming mode of the combination block is generally 'combination block type + assembly position', such as 'glass curtain wall bottom-right', 'curtain wall center-right', 'U-shaped glass-strip LED lamp tube', etc. When the three-dimensional building information model of the wall to be detected is constructed, the detection personnel can drag the combination blocks into the window and connect the combination blocks end to end, which is very convenient.
In order to implement the model data tagging function, as shown in fig. 7, the data tagging module specifically includes:
the brick wall damage detection data marking unit is used for providing damage detection data of the brick wall or the concrete wall for detection personnel to mark at a corresponding wall body area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the curtain wall keel detection data marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with curtain wall keel detection data marked at a corresponding keel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the curtain wall panel detection data marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with curtain wall panel detection data marked at a corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the other detection data marking unit is used for providing other safety detection data for the detection personnel to mark at the appointed position of the corresponding wall body area in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the marking data storage unit is respectively connected with the brick wall crack detection data marking unit, the curtain wall keel detection data marking unit, the curtain wall panel detection data marking unit and other detection data marking units and is used for storing various types of model marking data into a database according to preset data storage rules.
The brick wall damage detection data marking unit specifically comprises:
the wall thickness marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with the thickness of a brick wall or a concrete wall marked at the specified position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the wall crack detection data marking unit is used for providing crack detection data of a brick wall or a concrete wall for a detector to mark at a specified position of a corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the wall leakage detection data marking unit is used for providing wall leakage detection data of the brick wall or the concrete wall for detection personnel to mark at the appointed position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model.
Specifically include among the curtain fossil fragments detection data mark unit:
the coating thickness marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with the coating thickness of the keel marked at the appointed position of the corresponding keel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the cross section size marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with the cross section size of the keel marked at the appointed position of the corresponding keel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the embedded part damage detection data marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with embedded part damage detection data for supporting the keel marked at the specified position of the corresponding keel area in the three-dimensional building information model.
The curtain wall panel detection data marking unit specifically comprises:
the panel thickness marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with the thickness of a curtain wall panel marked at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the panel damage detection data marking unit is used for providing panel damage detection data for a detector to mark at a specified position of a corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the sealant hardness marking unit is used for providing the hardness of the sealant for the detection personnel to mark in the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the sealing rubber strip damage marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with a sealing rubber strip damage position marked at a corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the hardware detection data marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with hardware detection data marked at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the panel leakage detection data marking unit is used for providing a panel leakage position for a detector to mark at a corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the panel and structural adhesive adhesion force detection data marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with adhesion force detection data of the panel and the structural adhesive marked at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the other detection data marking units specifically include:
the deflection marking unit is used for providing the detecting personnel with deflection of the bent member marked at the bent member in the three-dimensional building information model;
the perpendicularity marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with perpendicularity of a bent member marked at a corresponding bent member in the three-dimensional building information model or marking perpendicularity of a wall or a panel at a specified position of a corresponding wall or a corresponding panel in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the levelness marking unit is used for providing levelness for the detection personnel to mark the bent members or the walls or the panels at the positions corresponding to the bent members or the walls or the panels in the three-dimensional building information model.
In order to facilitate generation of various types of detection reports, as shown in fig. 7, the data analysis module specifically includes:
the brick wall damage detection report forming unit is used for generating an instruction according to the brick wall damage detection report, automatically analyzing and processing the brick wall damage detection data extracted by the data extraction module, generating a brick wall damage detection report and outputting the brick wall damage detection report;
the curtain wall keel detection report forming unit is used for generating an instruction according to the curtain wall keel detection report, automatically analyzing and processing the curtain wall keel detection data extracted by the data extraction module, generating a curtain wall keel detection report and outputting the curtain wall keel detection report;
the curtain wall panel detection report forming unit is used for generating an instruction according to the curtain wall panel detection report, automatically analyzing and processing the curtain wall panel detection data extracted by the data extraction module, generating a curtain wall panel detection report and outputting the curtain wall panel detection report;
the other detection report forming unit is used for automatically analyzing and processing other safety detection reports extracted by the data extraction module according to other detection report generating instructions, generating other detection reports and outputting the other detection reports;
and the comprehensive report generating unit is respectively connected with the brick wall damage detection report forming unit, the curtain wall keel detection report forming unit, the curtain wall panel detection report forming unit and other detection report forming units and is used for comprehensively forming the brick wall damage detection report, the curtain wall keel detection report, the curtain wall panel detection report and other detection reports into a comprehensive report according to the comprehensive report generating instruction and outputting the comprehensive report.
The method and the principle for detecting whether the wall has the bonding defect in the sound wave detection mode are specifically explained as follows:
when the hollowing wall body and the solid wall body are knocked with the same strength, the energy of the sound signal of the knocking sound is different, so that whether hollowing exists in the wall body can be judged according to the frequency spectrum analysis of the knocking sound signal. In order to facilitate processing and analysis of the acoustic signal, after the acoustic signal is collected, the acoustic signal needs to be preprocessed. As shown in fig. 3, the pre-processing of the acoustic signal specifically includes the following steps:
step L11, amplifying the high frequency part of the acoustic signal, and increasing the weight of the high frequency part of the acoustic signal to improve the high frequency resolution of the signal and make the frequency spectrum of the signal more smooth;
l12, filtering the acoustic signal after signal amplification by using a Mel filter to primarily filter the invalid parts such as noise in the acoustic signal;
step L13, framing the filtered acoustic signal; an acoustic signal can be considered to be an approximately stationary signal in a very short time frame, i.e. the acoustic signal has a short-time stationarity. The invention takes each frame as 10-30ms in length, 200 in length, 80 in frame shift, and performs windowing after framing, and can adopt a rectangular window or a Hamming window for windowing;
in step L14, end point detection is performed on the acoustic signal of each frame to extract a signal segment (a valid portion in the acoustic signal) in each frame. The method for detecting the end point comprises the following steps:
and setting an energy threshold, wherein when the short-term energy in the current frame is lower than the threshold and the short-term energy of the next frame is higher than the threshold, the signal segment is entered, otherwise, the noise segment is entered, and the end points of the signal segment and the noise segment can be detected.
After the acoustic signal preprocessing is finished, the MFCC parameter extraction process is performed, as shown in fig. 4, the method for extracting the MFCC parameter of the acoustic signal specifically includes:
l21, performing discrete Fourier transform on each frame of preprocessed acoustic signals to obtain linear frequency spectrums corresponding to each frame of acoustic signals;
step L22, calculating the amplitude spectrum of each frame of acoustic signal according to the linear frequency spectrum; the amplitude spectrum is calculated by solving the square of the amplitude of the linear spectrum;
step L23, converting the amplitude spectrum into Mel spectrum;
and L24, taking logarithm of the Mel frequency spectrum, and further performing discrete cosine transform to obtain MFCC parameters corresponding to the acoustic signals.
After the MFCC parameters of the acoustic signals are extracted, the process of classifying and identifying the bonding defects of the wall is carried out, and as shown in FIG. 5, the method for classifying and identifying whether the bonding defects exist in the wall comprises the following steps:
step L31, matching the MFCC parameters characterizing the signal characteristics of the acoustic signal with the signal characteristic parameters of the reference template one by one, and calculating the distance between each matching characteristic (the parameter characteristic in the MFCC parameters) and the template characteristic (the signal characteristic in the reference template);
step L32, calculating the sum of the distances between each matching feature of the MFCC parameters and the corresponding template feature in the reference template;
and L33, determining the wall bonding defect type corresponding to the reference template with the minimum distance sum obtained by solving as the bonding defect type (including bulge, crack and the like in different degrees) existing in the current wall area.
In order to make the on-site end wall structure safety inspection equipment have the classification and identification functions for whether the wall has the bonding defects, as shown in fig. 8, the on-site end wall structure safety inspection equipment comprises:
the acoustic signal preprocessing module is used for preprocessing an acoustic signal of knocking sound generated by knocking an outer wall; the content of the pretreatment and the steps of the pretreatment method are as described above, and are not described herein again;
the MFCC parameter extraction module is connected with the acoustic signal preprocessing module and is used for extracting MFCC parameters of the preprocessed acoustic signals; the specific extraction process of the MFCC parameters is as described above, and is not described herein again;
the wall defect identification module is connected with the MFCC parameter extraction module and is used for identifying and classifying whether the wall has the bonding defects or not according to the extracted MFCC parameters;
specifically, the acoustic signal preprocessing module comprises:
a signal amplification processing unit for performing signal amplification processing on a high-frequency portion of the acoustic signal;
the signal filtering processing unit is connected with the signal amplifying processing unit and is used for filtering the acoustic signal subjected to the signal amplifying processing by adopting a Mel filter;
the signal framing unit is connected with the signal filtering processing unit and is used for framing the sound signals after filtering processing;
the end point detection unit is connected with the signal framing unit and is used for carrying out end point detection on each frame of sound signal so as to extract a signal segment in each frame;
the MFCC parameter extraction module specifically comprises:
the linear frequency spectrum generating unit is used for carrying out discrete Fourier transform on each frame of preprocessed acoustic signals to obtain a linear frequency spectrum corresponding to each frame of acoustic signals;
the amplitude spectrum calculation unit is connected with the linear frequency spectrum generation unit and is used for calculating the amplitude spectrum of each frame of acoustic signal according to the linear frequency spectrum;
the Mel frequency spectrum forming unit is connected with the magnitude spectrum calculating unit and is used for forming the magnitude spectrum into a Mel frequency spectrum;
and the MFCC parameter extraction unit is connected with the Mel frequency spectrum forming unit and is used for taking the logarithm of the Mel frequency and further performing discrete cosine transform to obtain the MFCC parameters corresponding to the acoustic signals.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and the technical principles applied thereto. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, equivalents, changes, and the like can be made to the present invention. However, such variations are within the scope of the invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the invention. In addition, certain terms used in the specification and claims of the present application are not limiting, but are used merely for convenience of description.
Claims (10)
1. The method for detecting the safety of the outer wall structure based on the sound wave detection and the BIM model is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step S1, constructing a three-dimensional building information model;
step S2, marking the wall safety detection data to the appointed position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model;
step S3, extracting model marking data required by data analysis from a database, automatically processing and analyzing the extracted model marking data, and generating a corresponding outer wall structure safety detection report;
the wall safety detection data comprises sound wave detection data generated by detecting whether the wall has the bonding defect in a sound wave detection mode, and the method for detecting whether the wall has the bonding defect in the sound wave detection mode comprises the following steps:
step L1, preprocessing the sound signal of the knocking sound of the knocking outer wall;
a step L2 of extracting MFCC parameters of the acoustic signal;
and L3, classifying and identifying whether the wall has the bonding defects or not based on the MFCC parameters.
2. The method for detecting the safety of the external wall structure based on the acoustic wave detection and the BIM model according to claim 1, wherein in the step L1, the method for preprocessing the acoustic signal comprises:
a step L11 of performing signal amplification processing on a high-frequency part of the acoustic signal;
step L12, filtering the acoustic signal after signal amplification by using a Mel filter;
step L13, framing the acoustic signal after filtering;
and L14, performing end point detection on the acoustic signal of each frame to extract a signal segment in each frame.
3. The method for detecting the safety of the exterior wall structure based on the acoustic wave detection and BIM model as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step L2, the method for extracting the MFCC parameters of the acoustic signal comprises:
l21, performing discrete Fourier transform on each frame of the preprocessed acoustic signals to obtain linear frequency spectrums corresponding to each frame of the acoustic signals;
step L22, calculating the amplitude spectrum of each frame of the acoustic signal according to the linear frequency spectrum;
a step L23 of converting the magnitude spectrum into a Mel-frequency spectrum;
and L24, taking logarithm of the Mel frequency spectrum, and further performing discrete cosine transform to obtain the MFCC parameters corresponding to the acoustic signals.
4. The method for detecting the safety of the external wall structure based on the acoustic wave detection and the BIM model according to claim 3, wherein the step L3 of classifying and identifying whether the wall has the adhesion defects comprises the following steps:
step L31, matching the MFCC parameters characterizing the signal characteristics of the acoustic signal with the signal characteristic parameters of a reference template one by one, and calculating the distance between each matched characteristic and the corresponding template characteristic;
step L32, calculating the sum of the distances between each matching feature of the MFCC parameters and the corresponding template feature in the reference template;
and L33, determining the wall bonding defect type corresponding to the reference template with the minimum distance sum obtained by solving as the bonding defect type existing in the current wall area.
5. The utility model provides an outer wall structure safety inspection device based on sound wave detects and BIM model which characterized in that, the device includes:
the site end wall structure safety detection equipment is used for providing detection personnel with site detection on whether the wall structure is safe or not and marking detection data into a pre-constructed wall three-dimensional building information model;
the remote end data analysis processing equipment is in communication connection with the site end wall structure safety detection equipment and is used for automatically analyzing whether the wall structure is safe or not according to the detection data marked in the three-dimensional building information model and forming a detection report;
the device also comprises an outer wall structure safety detection operating platform which can run in the site end wall structure safety detection equipment or the remote end data analysis processing equipment, wherein the outer wall structure safety detection operating platform comprises:
the model building module is used for providing the three-dimensional building information model of the wall to be detected for the detection personnel;
the model display module is connected with the model construction module and used for displaying the three-dimensional building information model to the detection personnel;
the data marking module is connected with the model display module and used for providing the detection personnel with the detection data to mark the detection data to the corresponding wall body area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the image uploading and linking module is connected with the model display module and is used for uploading a wall damage image shot on site for the detection personnel and automatically linking the wall damage image to the position, corresponding to the wall area, in the three-dimensional building information model;
the data extraction module is used for extracting model marking data required by data analysis from a database according to the data analysis instruction;
the data analysis module is connected with the data extraction module and used for automatically processing and analyzing the extracted model marking data according to a preset data analysis method and forming a corresponding outer wall structure safety detection report;
and the report pushing module is connected with the data analysis module and used for pushing the outer wall structure safety detection report to designated personnel through an intelligent terminal.
6. The exterior wall structure safety detection device based on the acoustic detection and BIM model according to claim 5, wherein the site end wall structure safety detection equipment comprises:
the acoustic signal preprocessing module is used for preprocessing an acoustic signal of knocking sound generated by knocking an outer wall;
the MFCC parameter extraction module is connected with the acoustic signal preprocessing module and is used for extracting MFCC parameters of the preprocessed acoustic signal;
the wall defect identification module is connected with the MFCC parameter extraction module and is used for identifying and classifying whether the wall has the bonding defects or not based on the MFCC parameters;
the acoustic signal preprocessing module specifically comprises:
a signal amplification processing unit for performing signal amplification processing on a high-frequency part of the acoustic signal;
the signal filtering processing unit is connected with the signal amplifying processing unit and is used for filtering the sound signal subjected to signal amplifying processing by adopting a Mel filter;
the signal framing unit is connected with the signal filtering processing unit and is used for framing the sound signals after filtering processing;
the end point detection unit is connected with the signal framing unit and is used for carrying out end point detection on the acoustic signal of each frame so as to extract a signal segment in each frame;
the MFCC parameter extraction module specifically comprises:
the linear frequency spectrum generating unit is used for carrying out discrete Fourier transform on each frame of the preprocessed acoustic signals to obtain a linear frequency spectrum corresponding to the acoustic signals;
the amplitude spectrum calculation unit is connected with the linear frequency spectrum generation unit and is used for calculating the amplitude spectrum of each frame of the acoustic signal according to the linear frequency spectrum;
the Mel frequency spectrum forming unit is connected with the magnitude spectrum calculating unit and is used for forming the magnitude spectrum into a Mel frequency spectrum;
and the MFCC parameter extraction unit is connected with the Mel frequency spectrum forming unit and is used for taking the logarithm of the Mel frequency and further performing discrete cosine transform to obtain the MFCC parameters corresponding to the acoustic signals.
7. The exterior wall structure safety detection device based on the acoustic wave detection and BIM model according to claim 5, wherein the data marking module comprises:
the brick wall damage detection data marking unit is used for providing damage detection data of the brick wall or the concrete wall for the detection personnel to mark at the corresponding wall body area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the curtain wall keel detection data marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with curtain wall keel detection data marked at a corresponding keel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the curtain wall panel detection data marking unit is used for providing detection personnel with curtain wall panel detection data marked at a corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the other detection data marking unit is used for providing other safety detection data for the detection personnel to mark at the appointed position of the corresponding wall body area in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the marking data storage unit is respectively connected with the brick wall crack detection data marking unit, the curtain wall keel detection data marking unit, the curtain wall panel detection data marking unit and the other detection data marking units and is used for storing various types of model marking data into the database according to preset data storage rules.
8. The exterior wall structure safety detection device based on acoustic detection and BIM model according to claim 7, characterized in that the brick wall damage detection data marking unit specifically comprises:
the wall thickness marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with the thickness of a brick wall or a concrete wall marked at the specified position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the wall crack detection data marking unit is used for providing crack detection data of a brick wall or a concrete wall for the detection personnel to mark at the specified position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the wall leakage detection data marking unit is used for providing the wall leakage detection data of the brick wall or the concrete wall for the detection personnel to mark at the appointed position of the corresponding wall area in the three-dimensional building information model.
9. The outer wall structure safety inspection device based on acoustic detection and BIM model of claim 7, characterized in that specifically includes in the curtain wall fossil fragments detection data mark unit:
the coating thickness marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with the coating thickness of the keel marked at the appointed position corresponding to the keel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the cross section size marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with the cross section size of a keel marked at the appointed position corresponding to the keel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the embedded part damage detection data marking unit is used for providing the embedded part damage detection data for supporting the keel for the detection personnel to mark at the specified position corresponding to the keel area in the three-dimensional building information model.
10. The exterior wall structure safety inspection device based on acoustic detection and BIM model of claim 7, characterized in that, specifically include in the curtain wall panel detection data marking unit:
the panel thickness marking unit is used for providing the detecting personnel with the thickness of a curtain wall panel marked at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the panel damage detection data marking unit is used for providing panel damage detection data for the detection personnel to mark at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the sealant hardness marking unit is used for providing the tester with the hardness of the sealant marked at the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the sealing rubber strip damage marking unit is used for providing a sealing rubber strip damage position for the detection personnel to mark at a corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the hardware detection data marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with hardware detection data marked at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the panel leakage detection data marking unit is used for providing the panel leakage positions for the detection personnel to mark at the corresponding panel areas in the three-dimensional building information model;
the panel and structural adhesive adhesion force detection data marking unit is used for providing the detection personnel with adhesion force detection data of the panel and the structural adhesive marked at the specified position of the corresponding panel area in the three-dimensional building information model;
the other detection data marking units specifically include:
the deflection marking unit is used for providing the detecting personnel with deflection of the bent member marked at the bent member in the three-dimensional building information model;
the perpendicularity marking unit is used for providing the perpendicularity of the bent member for the detection personnel to mark at the position, corresponding to the bent member, in the three-dimensional building information model or mark at the designated position, corresponding to the wall or the panel, in the three-dimensional building information model;
and the levelness marking unit is used for providing levelness for the detecting personnel to mark the levelness of the bent member or the wall or the panel at the position corresponding to the bent member or the wall or the panel in the three-dimensional building information model.
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