CN113073475A - Method for preparing polymer ultrathin coating by inhibiting Rayleigh instability - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a polymer ultrathin coating by inhibiting Rayleigh instability, belonging to the technical field of coating preparation. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving a polymer and a polymer surfactant in an oil phase, dispersing end-functionalized nanoparticles in an aqueous phase, the end-functionalized nanoparticles being capable of electrostatic interaction with the polymer surfactant; (2) immersing a substrate in the oil phase to form a liquid film having a polymer and a polymeric surfactant on the surface of the substrate; (3) and immersing the base material into the water phase again to form a uniform polymer coating on the surface of the base material. The invention effectively solves the problems that the uneven coating formed on the surface of the base material due to the unstable Rayleigh coating is limited by small preparation scale, complex method, harsh conditions and the like in the solution processing process due to material reduction and manufacture, greatly improves the utilization efficiency of the material, can be prepared in a large scale, and has a great application prospect in the technical field of coating preparation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coating preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a polymer ultrathin coating by inhibiting Rayleigh instability.
Background
The polymer coating is mainly a coating made of organic high molecular polymer, and the application field of the polymer coating is continuously expanded along with the development of industry and science and technology. The polymer coatings with different structural components have wide application prospects in different fields due to different characteristics, and can be applied to flexible electronic devices and organic semiconductor devices as separation membrane materials, protective coating materials, optical coating materials, various functional coating materials and the like.
Polymer coatings are typically prepared using solution-based processing techniques, whereby the target polymer is dissolved in a selected solvent and subsequently applied to the substrate by various methods, and the solvent is evaporated to form the polymer coating, with spin coating being the most common coating technique currently under investigation. The spin coating process is advantageous in small-scale production because it is simple and practical, but it is a method of manufacturing with reduced material, wastes material, and limits productivity and industrial application because it can be mass-produced only in a small scale. In addition, spin coating does not produce a uniform shear stress distribution during the coating process, which can make it difficult to control the morphology of the coating.
Meniscus draw coating is also a commonly used solution-based process coating technique, "meniscus draw" means that the meniscus is translated over the substrate by the coating head or viscous forces, effectively guiding and controlling the deposition of the coating. Common meniscus-guided coating methods include dip coating, doctor blade coating, solution shearing, and the like. Different from the spin coating process, the spin coating process wastes about 90% of materials, and the method of guiding the coating by the meniscus can enable the utilization rate of the materials to reach more than 99%. However, rayleigh instability typically occurs during processing of the coating from the polymer solution. Due to the rayleigh instability, the polymer-containing liquid film breaks during solution processing or is unevenly distributed on the substrate surface, and thus, it is difficult to prepare an ultra-thin polymer coating that is uniform and flat. Therefore, the inhibition of Rayleigh instability of the liquid film during solution processing provides a new method for preparing uniform polymer ultrathin coatings.
Schott et al used a blade coating method to inhibit Rayleigh instability of a polymer liquid film on the surface of a substrate by heating the substrate surface to accelerate the evaporation of a solvent in the polymer solution on the substrate surface (Charge-transport anisotropy in a unidiaxially aligned dicetylpyrole-based polymers. advanced Materials,2015,27,7356), and the polymer coating with orderly arranged polymer chains was prepared by arranging the polymer chains wound in the liquid film due to the unidirectional shearing of the polymer solution by the blade.
Giri et al successfully prepared polymer coatings of different surface morphologies by a solution shearing method (tumbling charge transport in solution-pumped semiconductor using a shear plate, nature,2011,480,504) in which a shear plate was used to drag the semiconductor solution onto a heated substrate while maintaining most of the solution between the shear plate and the substrate, only the evaporation front of the polymer semiconductor solution was exposed, controlling the shear rate of the shear plate during processing; however, both methods have disadvantages in that the auxiliary heat is required for the base substrate to accelerate the volatilization of the solvent in the polymer solution, which complicates the preparation of the polymer coating material and limits the selection of the coated substrate. Most of the previous documents accelerate the volatilization of a solvent in a liquid film by heating a substrate, so that the Rayleigh instability of the liquid film is inhibited, and a uniform coating is obtained. Guan uses a method of in-line drawing to draw the fibers through a cylinder (Responsive liquid-crystal-film fibers for advanced textures and fibrous sensors, advanced Materials,2019,31,1902168) that continuously infuses the liquid crystal and polymer solutions; in the process of drawing and drawing the fiber, as the solvent in the polymer solution is evaporated, the outer polymer coating layer is quickly volatilized and hardened due to the solvent, so that the Rayleigh instability of the liquid crystal in the inner layer on the surface of the fiber is inhibited, and the uniform liquid crystal coating fiber with the responsiveness is prepared. Although the method can prepare uniform coatings, the size of the coating thickness is micron-sized, and the nano-scale and submicron-scale ultrathin polymer coating material cannot be obtained.
In summary, although a great deal of work is currently devoted to the research of polymer coatings, the preparation of ultrathin polymer coatings with controllable uniform thickness is still difficult and serious, so that the research of a simple method with high universality for preparing ultrathin polymer coatings with controllable thickness is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems of harsh preparation conditions, complicated process, small scale, material reduction, limited substrate selection and the like in the process of preparing a uniform polymer coating in the prior art, and aims to provide a method for simply and effectively preparing a polymer ultrathin coating with controllable and uniform thickness by inhibiting Rayleigh instability; then the fiber is immersed into a water phase dispersed with the end-group nanometer particles, in a proper pH range, due to the interface electrostatic interaction of the end-group nanometer particles and the polymer surfactant, an oil-water interface is blocked, the Rayleigh instability phenomenon of a liquid film on the surface of the base material can be inhibited, a uniform liquid film is obtained, and a uniform polymer ultrathin coating is formed on the surface of the fiber through solvent volatilization.
In accordance with the objects of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a polymeric coating by inhibiting rayleigh instability, comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving a polymer and a polymer surfactant in an oil phase, dispersing end-functionalized nanoparticles in an aqueous phase, the end-functionalized nanoparticles being capable of electrostatic interaction with the polymer surfactant;
(2) immersing a substrate in the oil phase to form a liquid film having a polymer and a polymeric surfactant on the surface of the substrate;
(3) and immersing the substrate into the water phase, and forming a uniform polymer coating on the surface of the substrate by inhibiting Rayleigh instability of the liquid film due to the interface electrostatic interaction of the terminated nanoparticles and the polymer surfactant.
Preferably, the polymer surfactant is an aminated polymer or a polyvinylpyridine-based polymer, and preferably, the polymer surfactant is aminated polystyrene (PS-NH)2) Aminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-NH)2) And polystyrene-poly (2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) and polystyrene-poly (4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4 VP).
Preferably, the end-capped nanoparticles are carboxylated Silica (SiO)2-COOH), carboxylated polystyrene (PS-COOH), sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-OHSO)3) Any one of a carboxylated carbon nanotube and graphene oxide.
Preferably, the oil phase is any one of organic solvents immiscible with water, and preferably, the organic solvent is any one of toluene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and dichloromethane.
Preferably, the polymer is any one of polymers that can be dissolved in the oil phase, and preferably, the polymer is any one of Polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polylactic acid (PLA).
Preferably, the substrate is any one of polymer fiber, metal fiber, glass fiber and optical fiber.
Preferably, the dissolution of the polymer and the polymer surfactant in the step (1) is carried out by using a vortex mixer.
Preferably, the dispersion of the terminally functionalized nanoparticles in water in step (1) is carried out using a cell disruptor.
Preferably, the coating is prepared by drawing and coating the coaxial drawn fiber in the step (3), the thickness of the surface coating is controllable by controlling the coating speed and the mass fraction of the polymer in the oil phase, and the thickness formula is as follows:
wherein r is the fiber radius, VFor the pull rate, γ is the surface tension and η is the oil phase viscosity.
The present invention also protects a polymeric coating prepared by the method of preparing a polymeric coating that inhibits rayleigh instability as described above.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
(1) according to the invention, through the interface electrostatic interaction of the polymer surfactant in the oil phase and the terminated nanoparticles in the water phase, the oil-water interface is blocked, so that Rayleigh instability of a liquid film on the surface of the base material is inhibited, and the polymer ultrathin coating with controllable and uniform thickness is prepared. The method has the advantages of simple preparation process, additive manufacturing, large-scale continuous preparation, no need of post-treatment of the obtained coating material, effective solution for the problem of Rayleigh instability of the liquid film on the surface of the base material in the process of preparing the polymer coating, great potential in the field of coating preparation and industrial potential.
(2) The polymer of the coating is widely selected, the coated polymer can be selected according to the coating function required by the surface base material, the polymer of the coating can be oil-soluble, can be water-soluble by converting the oil-water two-phase stretching sequence, and is suitable for the coating of various soluble polymers, thereby providing wide selection space for the coating material, and the method has strong practicability.
(3) According to the invention, a coaxial drawing fiber traction coating method is adopted, the Rayleigh instability is inhibited within a proper pH range, the uniform polymer coating with controllable thickness is prepared, other auxiliary means are not needed to inhibit the Rayleigh instability of a liquid film, partial characteristics of the nanoparticles can be endowed to the polymer coating by selecting the functionalized nanoparticles, and a new idea is provided for preparing the multifunctional polymer coating.
(4) The mass fraction of the polymer selected in the invention is 0.1 wt% -20 wt%, the traction rate is 0.1 mm/s-100 mm/s, and the formula of the thickness of the polymer liquid film is as follows:
wherein r is the fiber radius, V is the traction rate, gamma is the surface tension, eta is the oil phase viscosity, and the oil phase viscosity is determined by the mass fraction of the polymer in the oil phase; therefore, in the case of selecting a substrate, the thickness of the liquid film can be controlled by controlling the mass fraction and the drawing rate of the polymer, so that the thickness of the polymer coating can be controlled, and the thickness of the coating on the surface of the substrate can be controlled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is 1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3With 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO3/H2Interfacial tension diagram of O at different pH values.
FIG. 2 shows the drawing speed of the fiber at 10mm/s, 9 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3With 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO3/H2And O, a liquid film topography map at different pH values.
FIG. 3 shows the drawing speed of the fiber at 10mm/s, the drawn fiber passing through two phases of oil and water, the pH of the water phase being 2, and the oil phase being 9 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3The water phase has different mass volume concentration CNC-OHSO3/H2O, topography in aqueous phase.
FIG. 4 shows a fiber diameter of 125um, drawn fiber passing through only oil phase at a drawing speed of 3mm/s, oil phase of 1 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3Scanning electron microscopy of the fiber surface of (a); FIG. 5 shows that the diameter of the fiber is 125um, the drawn fiber passes through two phases of oil and water, the drawing speed is 3mm/s, and the oil phase is 1 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3The water phase is 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO3/H2Scanning electron microscope image of fiber surface of O.
FIG. 6 shows that the diameter of the fiber is 184um, the drawn fiber passes through two phases of oil and water, the drawing speed is 10mm/s, the pH value of the water phase is 2, and the oil phase is 1 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3The water phase is 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO3/H2O fiber surface scanning electron microscopy images; FIG. 7 shows that the diameter of the fiber is 184um, the drawn fiber passes through two phases of oil and water, the drawing speed is 10mm/s, the pH value of the water phase is 2, and the oil phase is 3 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3The aqueous phase is 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO3/H2O fiber surface scanning electron microscopy images; FIG. 8 shows that the diameter of the fiber is 184um, the drawn fiber passes through two phases of oil and water, the drawing speed is 10mm/s, the pH value of the water phase is 2, and the oil phase is 5 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3The water phase is 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO3/H2O fiber surface scanning electron microscopy images; FIG. 9 shows that the diameter of the fiber is 184um, the drawn fiber passes through two phases of oil and water, the drawing speed is 10mm/s, the pH value of the water phase is 2, and the oil phase is 7 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3The water phase is 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO3/H2Scanning electron microscope image of fiber surface of O.
FIG. 10 shows that the diameter of the fiber is 125um, the drawn fiber passes through two phases of oil and water, the drawing speed is 3mm/s, the pH value of the water phase is 2, and the oil phase is 3 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3The water phase is 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO3/H2Scanning electron microscopy of the cross section of the fiber;
FIG. 11 shows that the diameter of the fiber is 125um, the drawn fiber passes through two phases of oil and water, the drawing speed is 3mm/s, the pH value of the water phase is 2, and the oil phase is 9 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3The water phase is 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO3/H2Scanning electron microscope image of fiber cross section of O.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the relative thickness h/r of a liquid film and the number of capillaries Ca.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Aminated polystyrene (PS-NH) of the present invention2) Aminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-NH)2) Polystyrene-poly (2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) and polystyrene-poly (4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP), carboxylated bisSilicon oxide (SiO)2-COOH), carboxylated polystyrene (PS-COOH), sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-OHSO)3) Carboxylated carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, Polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polylactic acid (PLA) are all commercially available.
Example 1
(1) 100ul of PDMS-NH was weighed2In a container with 10ml of CHCl3In the reagent bottle, a vortex mixer is utilized to stir and mix for 5min under the condition that the rotating speed is 800 r/min, and the obtained solution is 1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3。
(2) Weighing 1g of CNC-OHSO3Dispersing uniformly in a beaker filled with 100ml of deionized water by using a cell crusher, wherein the frequency of the cell crusher is 60 percent, the working time is 10-20 min, and the obtained dispersion liquid is 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO3/H2O。
(3) Adjusting the pH of the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2) by using 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid and 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to respectively: 2.02,3.18,4.94,7.38, 11.03.
(4) And (3) respectively testing the surface tension of the two phases of the 5 solutions with different pH values prepared in the step (1) and the step (3) by using an interface viscoelastic measuring instrument.
The surface tension is shown in figure 1. CNC-OHSO at pH 2.02 and 3.183/H2O and 1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3The interfacial tension is lower than 10mN/m, which shows that the assembly speed of the two-phase interface is extremely high; CNC-OHSO with pH 4.943/H2O and 1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3Decreases the interfacial tension from 25 to 10mN/m at 500s and a pH of 7.38 and 11.033/H2O and 1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3The interfacial tension of (a) is higher, indicating a pH higher than 4.94 and a slower rate of assembly of the two-phase interface.
Example 2
(1) 1 v/v% PDMS-NH obtained in example 1 above2/CHCl3PMMA (Mw 350k) was added, and the mixture was stirred, mixed and dissolved for 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 800 rpm by a vortex mixer to obtain a solution of 9 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH2/CHCl3。
(2) Mixing the 9 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH of step (1)2/CHCl3The solution and 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO at different pH's in step (3) of example 1 above3/H2And (3) respectively filling the O dispersion liquid into two quartz tanks, allowing the drawn fiber to pass through the oil phase and then the water phase, and observing the appearance of the fiber in the water phase by an interface viscoelastic measurement instrument.
As shown in fig. 2. At pH 2.02 and 3.18, the fiber surface was uniform and no rayleigh instability occurred, while at pH 4.94, 7.38 and 11.03, the fiber surface liquid film exhibited a spindle structure and exhibited rayleigh instability. It was shown that at pH 2.02 and 3.18, the assembly of the two phase interface due to electrostatic interaction inhibited rayleigh instability of the liquid film.
Example 3
(1) CNC-OHSO was prepared as in example 1 above with mass/volume fractions of 2mg/ml, 3mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml, respectively3/H2And O, respectively using 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 2.
(2) Following the same procedure as in example 2 above, the drawn fiber was first passed through an oil phase (9 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH)2/CHCl3) Then passing through the aqueous phase (CNC-OHSO)3/H2And O), observing the morphology of the fiber in the water phase by an interface viscoelasticity measuring instrument.
As shown in fig. 3. CNC-OHSO3/H2When the O content is 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml, the fiber surface is uniform, and no Rayleigh instability phenomenon exists, and when the O content is 2mg/ml and 3mg/ml, the fiber surface liquid film presents a certain spindle structure and is the Rayleigh instability. Indicating higher concentration of CNC-OHSO3/H2The O two-phase interface is assembled quickly, and the Rayleigh instability of the liquid film can be quickly inhibited.
Example 4
The drawn fiber was passed through 9 wt%/PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH prepared in step (1) of example 2 above at a speed of 3mm/s in sequence2/CHCl3The solution and 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO with pH 2.02 prepared in step (3) of example 1 above3/H2O dispersion, and after the solvent is completely volatilized, a scanning electron microscope is used for scanning.
As shown in the figure5, the fiber is first passed through an oil phase (PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH)2/CHCl3) Then passing through the water phase (10mg/ml CNC-OHSO)3/H2O), the fiber surface is flat and uniform after the solvent is volatilized, which shows that the Rayleigh instability phenomenon of the polymer liquid film on the fiber surface is inhibited by the interfacial interaction of oil and water phases to form a uniform liquid film, and a uniform fiber coating is formed after the solvent is volatilized.
Example 5: scanning electron microscopy of fiber surfaces
1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt% and 7 wt% of PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH were prepared in the same manner as in step (1) of example 2 above2/CHCl3Solution 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO of pH 2 prepared as in step (3) of example 1 above3/H2And (4) O solution. Following the same procedure as in example 2 above, with a virgin fiber diameter of 184um and a fiber drawing speed of 10mm/s, an oil phase (PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH) was passed2/CHCl3) Then passing through the water phase (10mg/ml CNC-OHSO)3/H2O), and after the solvent is completely volatilized, a scanning electron microscope is used.
As shown in fig. 6-9, a uniform and even coating was obtained on the fiber surface. As shown in fig. 6, the coated fiber was 188 um; as shown in fig. 7, the coated fibers were 197 um; FIG. 8 shows a fiber coating of 200 um; in fig. 9, the fiber coating is 204 um. The original fiber diameter was 184um, so that the fiber surface thickness of the fiber coating was controlled by the polymer concentration at a fiber drawing rate of 10mm/s, showing a positive correlation.
Example 6: scanning electron microscopy of fiber cross-sections
3 wt% and 9 wt% PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH were prepared as described in step (1) of example 2 above2/CHCl3Solution 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO of pH 2 prepared as in step (3) of example 1 above3/H2And (4) O solution. Following the same procedure as in example 2 above, the original fiber diameter was 125um and the draw fiber speed was 3mm/s, first passing through an oil phase (PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH)2/CHCl3) Then passing through the water phase (10mg/ml CNC-OHSO)3/H2O), after complete evaporation of the solvent, the fibers of the resulting coating are cut vertically and taken up by a scanning electron microscope.
As shown in fig. 10. When the mass fraction of PMMA is 3 wt%, the fiber surface coating is very thin and is a nano-scale polymer coating. As shown in fig. 11. When the mass fraction of PMMA is 9 wt%, the surface of the fiber is obviously wrapped by a polymer coating, and the thickness of the fiber is micron-sized. Meanwhile, the fiber diameter and the drawing rate are fixed, and the surface thickness of the fiber coating is controlled by the concentration of the polymer, so that the positive correlation is shown. In conclusion, the technology of the invention can be used for preparing the nano-scale polymer coating and the micron-scale polymer coating.
Example 7: relation between relative thickness h/r and capillary number Ca
1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt%, 7 wt%, 9 wt% and 11 wt% of PMMA/1 v/v% of PDMS-NH were prepared in the same manner as in step (1) of example 2 above2/CHCl3Solution 10mg/ml CNC-OHSO of pH 2 prepared as in step (3) of example 1 above3/H2And (4) O solution. The same procedure as in example 2 above was followed again, with a starting fiber diameter of 125um and a fiber drawing rate of 1mm/s, 3mm/s, 5mm/s, 7mm/s, 9mm/s, 10mm/s, 30mm/s, 50mm/s, 70mm/s and 90mm/s for each concentration of polymer solution, first through an oil phase (PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH)2/CHCl3) Then passing through the water phase (10mg/ml CNC-OHSO)3/H2O), in-situ shooting a physical image of the fiber in the water phase by using a high-speed CCD (charge coupled device), and calculating the thickness of the liquid film corresponding to each group of concentration and rate by using software Imagej, wherein the known capillary number
Film thickness of liquid film
Where a is a constant, r is the fiber radius, V is the draw rate, γ is the surface tension, and η is the oil phase viscosity.
As shown in fig. 12. Knowing that the fiber radius is 62.5um, the constant a is 2.88 by calculating the liquid film thickness and Ca value corresponding to each group of concentration and rate, and the liquid film thickness formula is
Comparative example 1
The drawn fiber was passed through 9 wt%/PMMA/1 v/v% PDMS-NH as set forth in step (1) of example 2 above at a speed of 3mm/s2/CHCl3The solution is put into the air, and a scanning electron microscope is used for irradiating the solution after the solvent is completely volatilized.
As shown in fig. 4. The fiber enters the air phase only through the oil phase, and after the solvent is volatilized, the surface has obvious spindle structure which is the unstable expression of Rayleigh.
In conclusion, the oil-water interface is blocked through the interfacial interaction of the polymer surfactant in the oil phase and the end-group nanoparticles in the water phase, so that the Rayleigh instability is inhibited, the uniform polymer coating with controllable thickness is prepared, the Rayleigh instability of a liquid film is inhibited without other auxiliary means, partial characteristics of the nanoparticles can be endowed to the polymer coating through selecting the functionalized nanoparticles, and a new idea is provided for preparing the multifunctional polymer coating.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of preparing a polymer coating by inhibiting rayleigh instability comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving a polymer and a polymer surfactant in an oil phase, dispersing end-functionalized nanoparticles in an aqueous phase, the end-functionalized nanoparticles being capable of electrostatic interaction with the polymer surfactant;
(2) immersing a substrate in the oil phase to form a liquid film having a polymer and a polymeric surfactant on the surface of the substrate;
(3) and immersing the substrate into the water phase, and forming a uniform polymer coating on the surface of the substrate by inhibiting Rayleigh instability of the liquid film due to the interface electrostatic interaction of the terminated nanoparticles and the polymer surfactant.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer surfactant is an aminated polymer or a polyvinylpyridine-based polymer, and preferably, the polymer surfactant is any one of aminated polystyrene, aminated polydimethylsiloxane, polystyrene-poly (2-vinylpyridine), and polystyrene-poly (4-vinylpyridine).
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the end-capped nanoparticles are any one of carboxylated silica, carboxylated polystyrene, sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals, carboxylated carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oil phase is any one of water-immiscible organic solvents, preferably any one of toluene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and dichloromethane.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the polymer is any one of polymers capable of being dissolved in the oil phase, preferably any one of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and polylactic acid.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected substrate is any one of polymer fiber, metal fiber, glass fiber and optical fiber.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the dissolving of the polymer and the polymeric surfactant in step (1) is performed using a vortex mixer.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the dispersing of the end-functionalized nanoparticles in water in step (1) is accomplished using a cell disruptor.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (3) is to prepare the coating by drawing and coating the coaxial drawn fiber, and the thickness of the surface coating is controlled by controlling the coating rate and the mass fraction of the polymer in the oil phase, and the thickness formula is as follows:
where r is the fiber radius, V is the draw rate, γ is the surface tension, and η is the oil phase viscosity.
10. A polymer coating produced by the method for producing a polymer coating by suppressing rayleigh instability according to any one of claims 1-9.
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