CN113072266A - Method for repairing black and odorous water body in small watershed - Google Patents

Method for repairing black and odorous water body in small watershed Download PDF

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CN113072266A
CN113072266A CN202110498404.8A CN202110498404A CN113072266A CN 113072266 A CN113072266 A CN 113072266A CN 202110498404 A CN202110498404 A CN 202110498404A CN 113072266 A CN113072266 A CN 113072266A
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water
black
watershed
water body
small
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蔡艳红
万晶
邓丽娟
任雷
王德林
陈刚
王江
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Sichuan Ruize Technology LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for restoring black and odorous water in a small watershed, which comprises the following steps: s1, communicating a water system; s2, intercepting and treating the sewage; s3, controlling a surface source; s4, improving water quality; s5, improving the substrate; s6, performing basin in-situ treatment; and S7, constructing a water ecological system. The method firstly communicates the water system in the small watershed to accelerate the flow of the watershed water body, then controls the source and intercepts the sewage, effectively controls the point source pollution and the surface source pollution from the source, then quickly improves the water quality by physical-chemical-biological means, finally improves the bottom mud to solve the internal source pollution, constructs a water ecosystem after the watershed is treated in situ, and accordingly repairs the black and odorous water body in the small watershed from the root.

Description

Method for repairing black and odorous water body in small watershed
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of black and odorous water body restoration, in particular to a method for restoring a small-watershed black and odorous water body.
Background
The small watershed is a water collecting area below the second-level branch and the third-level branch of 50Km with the watershed and the outlet section of the downstream river as boundaries2The following relatively independent and enclosed natural catchment areas. The black and odorous water body is a biochemical phenomenon, when the water body is seriously polluted by organic matters, the aerobic decomposition of organic matters leads the aerobic rate in the water body to be greater than the reoxygenation rate, so that the water body is anoxic, the degradation of the organic matters is incomplete and the speed is reduced, odorous substances such as hydrogen sulfide, amine, ammonia, mercaptan, methane and the like are generated in the anaerobic biodegradation process, and black substances such as ferrous sulfide, manganese sulfide and the like are formed at the same time, so that the water body is black and odorous.
With the rapid development of economy in China, the industrial level is continuously improved, the amount of sewage generated in life and production is continuously increased, part of sewage is discharged into a flow domain without being effectively treated, pollutants in water are continuously increased, and the seasonal or perennial black and odorous water occurs due to the problem that water systems are not communicated in the flow domain.
The black and odorous water body is blackened and smelled due to excessive pollutant receiving and exceeding of the water environment capacity, and is generally lower than the surface water environment quality standard class V water quality standard, and the dissolved oxygen is less than 2.0 mg/L. The black and odorous condition of the water body is qualitatively judged by monitoring the indexes of transparency, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential and ammonia nitrogen, wherein the black and odorous water body can be subdivided into two stages of light black and odorous and severe black and odorous according to the difference of black and odorous degrees. According to analysis, although the protection of ecological environment and the treatment of pollution problems are greatly improved at the present stage of China, small rivers in partial areas are in a black and odorous state all the year round, so that the image of the areas is influenced, and the potential influence is brought to the body health of local people.
The treatment of the black and odorous water body in the small watershed is not only directly related to the civilian but also is the key point and the difficulty of the treatment, and some technical schemes for the treatment of the black and odorous water body still have a little problem which is mainly shown in that: the pollution source is not analyzed in place, the problem is unclear, and the cause of disease is unclear; poor ecological restoration measures, poor water quality stability and the like.
Chinese patent publication No.: CN106830347A discloses a method for treating black and odorous water in a small watershed, which has the following defects:
1) the treatment method has certain limitation and is not perfect enough, only the point source pollution is treated, and the source pollution is not treated in place.
2) The treatment time is long, the treatment efficiency is low, and the treatment effect is difficult to achieve by treatment measures.
3) Pollutants such as organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals, blue algae and the like in the black and odorous water body are not effectively solved.
4) The composite microbial preparation introduces foreign microbes, is difficult to control and has secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for restoring black and odorous water in a small watershed, which comprises the steps of firstly treating outside and then treating inside, firstly communicating a water system in the small watershed, dredging the 'conception and governor vessel' of the small watershed to accelerate the flow of the water in the small watershed, then carrying out source control and sewage interception, effectively controlling point source pollution and surface source pollution from the source, secondly rapidly improving water quality by a physical-chemical-biological means, finally carrying out sediment improvement to solve the internal source pollution, and constructing a water ecological system after the in-situ treatment of the watershed so as to restore the black and odorous water in the small watershed.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for restoring black and odorous water in a small watershed comprises the following steps:
s1, water system communication: communicating the water system where the treated black and odorous water body with the other water systems;
s2, intercepting and treating pollution: treating pollution point sources polluted by the treated black and odorous water body in the small watershed;
s3, controlling the area source: treating, preventing and controlling pollution non-point sources polluted by the treated black and odorous water body in the small watershed;
s4, improving water quality: cleaning aquatic animal and plant residues and household garbage in the small watershed, and improving the water quality by adopting a water quality improving material to eliminate organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal pollutants in the black and odorous water body of the small watershed; by adopting a biological algae removal technology, algae are eliminated, and a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are degraded;
s5, improvement of the substrate: adopting immobilized composite microbial growth promoter and matching with a slow release device in a deep water area to degrade and repair eutrophic bottom mud;
s6, basin in-situ treatment: carrying out oxygen enrichment treatment on the water body by arranging aeration equipment and additionally arranging carrier biological fillers in a flow field;
s7, constructing a water ecological system: and (3) constructing a water ecological system in the treated drainage basin, directly absorbing nutrient substances of the sludge and the water body by establishing the water ecological system, and providing an attached matrix and a habitat for indigenous microorganisms to form a biofilm so as to carry out self-purification on the water body.
Further, in step S4, the water quality improving material includes the following components: la2O3、CeO2、Pr6O11、Nd2O3、SiO2、Al2O3And MgO, the weight ratio of each substance is as follows: 18-32:18-45:1-2:1:15-20:3-5:1-8.
Further, the concrete operation steps of adopting the water quality improving material to improve the water quality are as follows: preparing a water quality improving material according to the ratio of 1-5 g/m3, diluting the water quality improving material by 8-10 times, and uniformly spraying the water quality improving material on the water surface of a small watershed.
Further, in step S4, the biological algae removal technology includes one or more of a physical algae removal technology, a chemical algae removal technology, and a plant system competitive and food chain algae inhibition technology.
Further, the physical algae removal technology comprises aeration, mechanical algae removal and substrate improvement.
Further, in step S5, the slow release device is a water treatment agent slow release device, which can slowly release the water treatment material for 6-12 months, or periodically replace the material and recycle the material.
Further, in step S5, the composite microbial growth promoting agent comprises the following substances: the slow release agent, the microbial growth promoter, the pH regulator, the electron acceptor regulator, the oxygen release agent and the heavy metal buffer agent are as follows by weight: 20-50:4-12:2-4:12-28:15-30:2-8.
Further, the specific use steps of the compound microbial growth promoting agent are as follows: preparing a composite microbial growth promoter according to 1-2 g/m3, diluting 8-10 times with water, and uniformly spraying the composite microbial growth promoter on the water surface of a small watershed; or loading into slow release box, uniformly spreading on the bottom of small watershed, and slowly releasing.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the method adopts various measures to comprehensively treat the black and odorous water body of the drainage basin, performs targeted treatment aiming at the reasons of black and odorous water body generation of the drainage basin, has various measures, purifies and aerates the black and odorous water body of the small drainage basin, can effectively recover the self-purification function of the water body, and comprehensively ensures the improvement of the water quality of the drainage basin;
2. aiming at surface runoff, rainwater, household garbage and other surface source pollution of the planting industry around the small watershed in the black and odorous water body of the small watershed, surface source prevention and control measures are adopted to reduce pollutant emission from the source; reasonably constructing an ecological ditch, and returning back to the forest to control the water and soil loss condition of the small watershed.
3. The point source treatment measures of the invention have small floor area, and simultaneously, the capital investment and the operating cost are low, no secondary pollution is caused, and the desilting and water changing are not needed;
4. the use of the water quality improving material further eliminates key pollution factors of the black and odorous water body, namely the special biological activity and catalytic effect of lanthanum and cerium, can promote the metabolic activity and growth of indigenous microorganisms, and accelerate the degradation, degradation and conversion of pollutants; MgO forms Mg (OH) with stronger buffering performance and adsorption performance in water2And MgO and SiO2In cooperation, pollutants such as suspended matters, heavy metals, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, organic matters and the like can be effectively removed, the remediation efficiency can be improved, and no secondary pollution is caused.
5. The use of the slow release device reduces the contact time of the composite microbial preparation and the overlying water so as to prevent the material from being consumed before the material sinks into the bottom, prolongs the dissolution time of the composite microbial preparation, enables the composite microbial preparation to diffuse through concentration gradient at the bottom, and can remove part of adsorbed pollutants while changing the material.
6. Does not contain any external bacteria, and does not cause secondary pollution due to the introduction of external microbial agents.
7. The treatment method adopts standardized design, can realize automatic operation, adopts an intelligent management mode for management, and has stable water quality and long-term and reliable operation of measures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following.
A method for restoring black and odorous water in a small watershed comprises the following steps:
s1, water system communication: the water system where the treated small-basin black and odorous water body is located is communicated with other water systems, so that the problems that part of small-basin water volume is generally small, water flow performance is poor and influence by exogenous pollutants is large are solved, therefore, water system communication measures are necessary means for repairing the small-basin black and odorous water body, a water network system which enables the water systems to be communicated in a treatment area is established through dredging engineering, river channel treatment engineering and pump station construction engineering, the effect of water system communication is achieved, and 'dead water' is enabled to become alive;
s2, intercepting and treating pollution: treating pollution point sources which pollute the treated black and odorous water body in the small watershed, adding a cutoff well in a rain and sewage river pipe, and intercepting initial rainwater by an intelligent sewage interception facility to be brought into a sewage collection and treatment system; for point source pollution in the storage range of a large-scale sewage treatment plant, a pipe network is laid to collect sewage into the sewage treatment plant for unified treatment; performing sewage interception treatment on village point sources which are not brought into a sewage interception pipe network of a village and a town by a village-level sewage treatment process, and additionally arranging an integrated artificial wetland module at the rear end;
s3, controlling the area source: the treatment, prevention and control of the pollution non-point source of the pollution caused by the treated black and odorous water body in the small watershed are specifically as follows: establishing a farmland ditch wetland ecosystem between a farmland and a drainage basin, additionally arranging an artificial wetland module at the rear end to relieve rainwater overflow in rainstorm seasons, encouraging other residents to develop ecological agriculture and scientific fertilization technologies, and constructing a courtyard type small wetland biogas purification tank; through non-point source control, non-point source pollution caused by atmospheric settlement, farmland runoff and domestic garbage in villages and towns is prevented and controlled. The ecological ditch is constructed to reduce the pollution discharge amount in the runoff of the farmland from the source, and the artificial wetland is additionally arranged to relieve and treat pollutants carried by rainstorm and atmospheric settlement and then discharge the pollutants into river waters or be used for farmland irrigation after treatment. And (4) carrying out centralized management on the household garbage and collecting the household garbage regularly.
S4, improving water quality: the method comprises the following steps of cleaning aquatic animal and plant residues and household garbage in small watersheds, and improving water quality by adopting a water quality improving material, wherein the water quality improving material comprises the following substances: la2O3、CeO2、Pr6O11、Nd2O3、SiO2、Al2O3And MgO, the weight ratio of each substance is as follows: 18-32:18-45:1-2:1:15-20:3-5:1-8, and the specific operation steps are as follows: preparing a water quality improving material according to 1-5 g/m3, diluting the water quality improving material by 8-10 times, and uniformly spraying the water quality improving material on the water surface of the small watershed to eliminate organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal pollutants in the black and odorous water body of the small watershed; the biological algae removal technology is adopted, and the whole small watershed black and odorous water body restoration technology is combined to control the growth of algae from multiple aspects and layers, so that algae can be further eliminated, and a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients can be degraded; wherein the biological algae removal technology comprises one or more of physical algae removal technology, chemical algae removal technology, plant system advantage competition and food chain mode algae inhibiting technology. Further, physical algae removal techniques include aeration, mechanical algae removal, and substrate modification.
The method comprises the steps of clearing aquatic animal and plant residues and domestic garbage accumulated in the basin by a physical means, then adopting a water quality improving material to realize water quality purification of the black and odorous water body in the small basin, and degrading organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient substances of the black and odorous water body in the small basin and improving the anaerobic condition under the conditions of not damaging aquatic ecological environment and no secondary pollution. And the biological algae removal technology is adopted to carry out algae removal and algae control in a multi-level manner.
S5, improvement of the substrate: the eutrophic bottom mud is degraded and repaired by adopting an immobilized composite microbial growth promoter and matching a slow release device in a deep water area, wherein the composite microbial growth promoter comprises the following substances: the slow release agent, the microbial growth promoter, the pH regulator, the electron acceptor regulator, the oxygen release agent and the heavy metal buffer agent are as follows by weight: 20-50:4-12:2-4:12-28:15-30:2-8, and the specific using steps are as follows: preparing a composite microbial growth promoter according to 1-2 g/m3, diluting 8-10 times with water, and uniformly spraying the composite microbial growth promoter on the water surface of a small watershed; or loading into a slow release box, uniformly spreading on the bottom of the small watershed, and slowly releasing; the immobilized composite microbial growth promoter is adopted, a slow release device is additionally arranged in a deep water area, the improvement of the bottom material of a river channel can be realized, the eutrophic bottom mud is degraded and repaired under the condition that the natural environment of the bottom mud of the water body is basically not damaged, and the slow release device is a water treatment agent slow release device and can slowly release water treatment materials for 6-12 months or regularly replace the materials and recycle the materials. The method can activate indigenous microorganisms in the original bottom mud environment, and simultaneously introduce various nutrient substances and antitoxic substances required by the growth of the microorganisms to improve the biological activity and reduce the poisoning risk of the microorganisms, so that various pollutants in the black and odorous sludge can be rapidly decomposed in situ, the endogenous pollution of the bottom mud is reduced, and the black and odorous sludge is eliminated.
S6, basin in-situ treatment: carrying out oxygen enrichment treatment on the water body by arranging aeration equipment and additionally arranging carrier biological fillers in a flow field; by arranging aeration equipment and additionally arranging the carrier biological filler in the flow field, the water body is enriched with oxygen, aerobic substances are reduced, the purification function of the water body is enhanced, and the pollution load of the water body is reduced.
S7, constructing a water ecological system: and (3) constructing a water ecological system in the treated drainage basin, directly absorbing nutrient substances of the sludge and the water body by establishing the water ecological system, and providing an attached matrix and a habitat for indigenous microorganisms to form a biofilm so as to carry out self-purification on the water body. Utilizing the food chain relation formed by aquatic plant competitive and aquatic animals to remove and control algae, and if necessary, adopting chemical algae-removing method to forcedly remove algae, then making ecological restoration. The aquatic plants are harvested periodically to prevent overgrowth, decay, consumption of oxygen in the water or release of pollutants into the water. Timely salvaging the thrown aquatic animals and maintaining the balance of an aquatic ecosystem and a food chain. A water ecosystem is constructed in a flow domain, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in silt and a water body are directly absorbed by the established water ecosystem, a required carbon source is directly absorbed from the water body, the photosynthesis can supplement active dissolved oxygen for the water body, suspended matters can be adsorbed and are in mutual beneficial symbiosis with microorganisms, and allelochemicals are secreted to inhibit blue-green algae, so that the water ecosystem has huge purification effect on the whole water body.
Example 1:
the treated drainage basin relates to 4.85 million people in 28 villages, the area of the drainage basin is 43.62 square kilometers, and the total area of land in the treatment area is 10.84 square kilometers, wherein: the cultivated land area is 328 hectare, the forest land area is 31.4 hectare, the grassland area is 112.6 hectare, the general ground area of residential site and traffic is 321.7 hectare, the water area is 156 hectare. The main river has 1 branch canal and 17 branch canals, the main river has obvious runoff, other branch rivers have less water, the water mobility is poor, and the sewage collection measure is imperfect. The main pollution point sources of the drainage basin are village domestic sewage and small-sized breeding wastewater which are directly discharged, and wastewater of small enterprises is discharged by arranging a hidden pipe and discharged by a sewage treatment plant. The water quality of the river in the river basin is in a bad V type, and part of the river basin sections belong to severe black and odorous and mild black and odorous.
Aiming at the black and odorous problem of the drainage basin, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, water system communication: dredging and renovating channels with unclear sections, serious channel bottom siltation and spread garbage, and communicating a river basin trunk, branches with strong liquidity, reservoirs, lakes, artificial wetlands and the like in a near principle for rebuilding and dredging a 'dead water' beach water system without river bank protection, flood control and insufficient waterlogging prevention capacity. And in addition, for areas which cannot communicate with a water system, a lifting pump station is built between the corresponding area and the main stream, the reservoir, the lake and the branch stream with strong mobility.
S2, intercepting and treating pollution: aiming at the dispersed point source pollution with low sewage amount and high biochemical quality, the treatment area rural pipe network facilities fall behind and are difficult to transform, so that the pipe can not be stored along the shore. Therefore, domestic sewage, small-sized breeding wastewater and small-sized enterprise wastewater respectively adopt integrated small-flow sewage treatment equipment, are in network operation, supervise and analyze water quality information before and after entering and exiting the equipment, form different-function dominant flora at all levels through a multi-level biological oxidation process, degrade pollutants step by step, additionally arrange an integrated artificial wetland at a discharge port, and introduce effluent into the artificial wetland for further deep treatment.
S3, controlling the area source: because the cultivated land area in the treatment area is large, the plants are planted along the slope and wastefully planted, so that the water and soil loss in the drainage basin is serious, and a large amount of water and soil loss brings chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other pollutants into the water body; the produced non-point source pollution is not negligible, the slope farmland reclaimed in steep slope land and slope land with the angle of more than 20 degrees is gradually returned to the forest, the seal cultivation protection is adopted, and seal, forbidden labels and barriers are additionally arranged; planting plants such as arbors, shrubs, grasses, broad-leaved trees and the like in a mixed way at the slope toe and constructing a protective zone; a farmland ditch wetland ecosystem is built in a farmland, and an artificial wetland is additionally arranged after drainage, so that surface storm runoff and non-point source pollution brought by the planting industry are reduced in a multistage manner. Managing and controlling the household garbage of residents, and then building a methane purification tank; in addition, measures such as broadcasting, television, newspapers and periodicals are utilized to popularize the environmental awareness of farmers, and farmland and scientific fertilization are properly utilized. And (4) harvesting the plants in the artificial wetland at regular time.
S4, improving water quality: the aquatic animal and plant residues and the domestic garbage accumulated in the basin are cleaned by physical means, and a water quality improving material of the company is adopted in the treatment area, and the using amount of the water quality improving material is 3.5g/m3The water quality control agent is diluted by 10 times, is uniformly sprayed to a treatment area, can rapidly degrade pollutants such as organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, heavy metals and the like of the black and odorous water body of the small watershed and improve the anaerobic condition under the conditions of not damaging the aquatic ecological environment and no secondary pollution, and realizes the water quality purification of the black and odorous water body of the small watershed.
S5, improvement of the substrate: although partial endogenous pollution is cleaned, the substrate environment of the black and odorous water body is seriously polluted, and when the external environment is changed, the pollutants in the substrate sludge can still be diffused to the overlying water body. Thus adopting immobilizationThe usage amount of the composite microbial growth promoting agent is 2g/m3Diluting by 10 times, uniformly spraying, and degrading and repairing eutrophic bottom mud.
S6, basin in-situ treatment: by the aeration equipment and the carrier biological filler added in the flow field, the water body is enriched with oxygen, aerobic substances are reduced, the purification function of the water body is enhanced, and the pollution load of the water body is reduced.
S7, constructing a water ecological system: planting emergent aquatic plants in the treatment area, wherein the auxiliary plants comprise reed, cattail, chufa, lotus, cress, wild rice-lettuce, lotus, cattail, water lily, arrowhead, water hyacinth and dahurian angelica root; wherein the planting area of emergent aquatic plants accounts for 20 percent of the water surface of the river bank zone recovery area of 2Km, and 8 clusters/m2And (5) density planting. Regularly reaping the aquatic plants, eliminating the aquatic plants in the lake reservoir, and avoiding the decay and overgrowth of the aquatic plants.
Before and after the implementation of the repair measures of the black and odorous water body of the small watershed at each stage, COD (chemical oxygen demand) of water quality at a certain monitoring point of the watershed is measuredcr、BOD5And 5 indexes of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen are detected and analyzed, and the detection conditions of all the indexes of the water quality are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Unit: mg/L
Figure 503048DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The results according to table 1 show that: the method for repairing the black and odorous water body in the small watershed can effectively improve the black and odorous condition of the watershed, so that the black and odorous condition of the watershed reaches III-class water quality in the environmental quality Standard of surface Water (GB 3838-2002), and the black and odorous condition can be maintained for a long time, which shows that the method for repairing the black and odorous water body in the small watershed enhances the environmental capacity of the watershed.
Example 2:
the main river has obvious runoff, other branch rivers have less water volume and poor water mobility, the water quality belongs to poor V-class water, the water is black and smelly, a large amount of algae exists, a sewage collection system is imperfect, a pipe network is lagged, and main pollution point sources of the basin are village domestic sewage, small-sized aquaculture wastewater and small-sized enterprise wastewater which are directly discharged. Sediment silts up, the original ecosystem of the water body is destroyed, and the coastal aquatic plants are lost.
Aiming at the black and odorous problem of the drainage basin, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, water system communication: dredging and renovating a channel with serious channel bottom siltation; rebuilding the problem that the capabilities of bank protection, flood control and waterlogging prevention are insufficient when no river bank exists; and communicating the region with poor water body fluidity with the main stream of the watershed, the branches with strong fluidity, the reservoir, the lake, the artificial wetland and the like. And in addition, for areas which cannot communicate with a water system, a lifting pump station is built between the corresponding area and the main stream, the reservoir, the lake and the branch stream with strong mobility.
S2, intercepting and treating pollution: a straight discharge port easy to treat along the shore of the drainage basin is subjected to sewage interception and receiving pipe to collect sewage to a nearby sewage treatment plant for unified treatment; intercepting wells are additionally arranged on the rain and sewage river pipes to intercept initial rain water; in addition, integrated small-water-volume sewage treatment equipment is adopted for point source pollution which is dispersed at a straight discharge port and can not be managed, and network operation is carried out.
S3, controlling the area source: domestic garbage of residents in the drainage basin area is controlled, and the domestic garbage is stacked in a standardized mode and collected regularly, and is thrown out strictly; an ecological bank protection technology is rebuilt along the bank, and pollutants in rainwater runoff are relieved; in addition, a farmland channel wetland ecosystem is built between a farmland and a drainage basin, effluent is introduced into the constructed wetland, and the load of rainstorm on the channel wetland ecosystem is relieved; gradually returning the cultivated land of the steep slope land and the slope land of more than 20 degrees to the forest, and planting plants such as arbors, shrubs, grasses, broad-leaved trees and the like and building the protective zone in a mixed way at the slope toe.
S4, improving water quality: cleaning the aquatic animal and plant residues and domestic garbage accumulated in the basin by a physical means; an algae removal material is used for removing algae forcibly for the blue algae in the treatment area, and then biological algae removal and algae inhibition are adopted by combining a multi-stage restoration technology; the water quality improving material is diluted by 8 times with the amount of 5g/m3, is uniformly sprayed to a treatment area, can rapidly degrade pollutants such as organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, heavy metals and the like of the black and odorous water body of the small watershed without destroying aquatic ecological environment and causing secondary pollution, improves the anaerobic condition and realizes the water quality purification of the black and odorous water body of the small watershed.
S5, improvement of the substrate: although partial endogenous pollution is cleaned, the substrate environment of the black and odorous water body is seriously polluted, and when the external environment is changed, the pollutants in the substrate sludge can still be diffused to the overlying water body. Therefore, the immobilized composite microbial growth promoter is adopted and used in a water area of less than 1.5 meters by 2g/m3Diluting by 8 times, and uniformly spraying; in addition, a slow release device is arranged in a deep water area larger than 1.5 meters, and the bottom is uniformly arranged to degrade and repair eutrophic bottom mud.
S6, basin in-situ treatment: by the aeration equipment and the carrier biological filler added in the flow field, the water body is enriched with oxygen, aerobic substances are reduced, the purification function of the water body is enhanced, and the pollution load of the water body is reduced.
S7, constructing a water ecological system: because the black and odorous water body of the small watershed contains more algae, the land cover grass and the reed are mainly planted in the treatment area to inhibit the algae, improve the water quality and enhance the self-cleaning and pollutant-carrying capacity of the water ecosystem, the planting area accounts for 20 percent of the water surface of the river bank zone recovery area of 2Km, and 10 clusters/m are used2Planting in density; additionally, the throwing area of the snails and the shells accounts for 10 percent of the water surface of the river bank zone recovery area, and 80 snails and shells are thrown in the river bank zone recovery area2Putting in density; the number of the miscellaneous food shrimp and the small miscellaneous food crab is 10/m2The density of (2) is put; the number of silver carps and silver carps is 5/m2Putting in density; the watershed is matched with an artificial floating island to plant canna, cattail, calamus, water lily and watermifoil, and a water ecosystem is further constructed.
Before and after the implementation of the repair measures of the black and odorous water body of the small watershed at each stage, COD (chemical oxygen demand) of water quality at a certain monitoring point of the watershed is measuredcr、BOD5Ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen 5 indexes are detected and analyzed, and the detection conditions of all the indexes of the water quality are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2
Unit: mg/L
Figure 951347DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The results according to table 2 show that: the method for restoring the black and odorous water body in the small watershed can effectively treat the black and odorous condition of the watershed and restore the water ecosystem of the watershed, can enable the water to reach the II-class water quality of the surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002), and enables the water quality to be effective for a long time, thereby showing that the method for restoring the black and odorous water body in the small watershed is feasible and effective, and the ecosystem of the watershed is restored and the environmental capacity of the watershed is enhanced.
The method for restoring the black and odorous water body in the small watershed well controls the problems of point source pollution, non-point source pollution, water quality improvement, in-situ restoration, ecological construction and the like in the watershed, and adopts an intelligent interconnected management mode to control emergency situations so as to stabilize and effectively restore the water quality for a long time.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A method for restoring black and odorous water in a small watershed comprises the following steps:
s1, water system communication: communicating the water system where the treated black and odorous water body with the other water systems;
s2, intercepting and treating pollution: treating pollution point sources polluted by the treated black and odorous water body in the small watershed;
it is characterized by also comprising:
s3, controlling the area source: treating, preventing and controlling pollution non-point sources polluted by the treated black and odorous water body in the small watershed;
s4, improving water quality: cleaning aquatic animal and plant residues and household garbage in the small watershed, and improving the water quality by adopting a water quality improving material to eliminate organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal pollutants in the black and odorous water body of the small watershed; by adopting a biological algae removal technology, algae are eliminated, and a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are degraded;
s5, improvement of the substrate: adopting immobilized composite microbial growth promoter and matching with a slow release device in a deep water area to degrade and repair eutrophic bottom mud;
s6, basin in-situ treatment: carrying out oxygen enrichment treatment on the water body by arranging aeration equipment and additionally arranging carrier biological fillers in a flow field;
s7, constructing a water ecological system: and (3) constructing a water ecological system in the treated drainage basin, directly absorbing nutrient substances of the sludge and the water body by establishing the water ecological system, and providing an attached matrix and a habitat for indigenous microorganisms to form a biofilm so as to carry out self-purification on the water body.
2. The method for remediating a small-watershed black and odorous water body as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the water quality improving material comprises the following substances: la2O3、CeO2、Pr6O11、Nd2O3、SiO2、Al2O3And MgO, the weight ratio of each substance is as follows: 18-32:18-45:1-2:1:15-20:3-5:1-8.
3. The method for restoring the black and odorous water body in the small watershed according to claim 2, wherein the specific operation steps of improving the water quality by adopting the water quality improving material are as follows: at a ratio of 1 to 5g/m3Preparing a water quality improving material, diluting the water quality improving material by 8-10 times, and uniformly spraying the water quality improving material on the water surface of a small watershed.
4. The method for remediating a small-watershed black and odorous water body as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the biological algae removal technology comprises one or more of a combination of physical algae removal technology, chemical algae removal technology, and plant system competitive and food chain approach algae inhibition technology.
5. The method for remediating a small-watershed black and odorous water body as claimed in claim 4, wherein the physical algae removal technology comprises aeration, mechanical algae removal and substrate improvement.
6. The method for remediating a small-watershed black and odorous water body as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, the slow release device is a water treatment agent slow release device, and can slowly release water treatment materials for 6-12 months, or periodically replace the materials and recycle the materials.
7. The method for remediating a small-watershed black and odorous water body as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, the composite microbial growth promoter comprises the following substances: the slow release agent, the microbial growth promoter, the pH regulator, the electron acceptor regulator, the oxygen release agent and the heavy metal buffer agent are as follows by weight: 20-50:4-12:2-4:12-28:15-30:2-8.
8. The method for remediating the black and odorous water with the small watershed as claimed in claim 7, wherein the specific using steps of the compound microbial growth promoter are as follows: at a ratio of 1 to 2g/m3Preparing a composite microbial growth promoter, diluting the composite microbial growth promoter by 8-10 times with water, and uniformly spraying the composite microbial growth promoter on the water surface of a small watershed; or loading into slow release box, uniformly spreading on the bottom of small watershed, and slowly releasing.
CN202110498404.8A 2021-05-08 2021-05-08 Method for repairing black and odorous water body in small watershed Withdrawn CN113072266A (en)

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CN106830347A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-06-13 北京桑德环境工程有限公司 A kind of small watershed black and odorous water administering method
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