CN113071436B - Seven-in-one high-voltage integrated system circuit structure of electric automobile and working method thereof - Google Patents
Seven-in-one high-voltage integrated system circuit structure of electric automobile and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113071436B CN113071436B CN202110422310.2A CN202110422310A CN113071436B CN 113071436 B CN113071436 B CN 113071436B CN 202110422310 A CN202110422310 A CN 202110422310A CN 113071436 B CN113071436 B CN 113071436B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
- B60R16/0231—Circuits relating to the driving or the functioning of the vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a seven-in-one high-voltage integrated system circuit structure of an electric automobile and a working method thereof, wherein the integrated circuit is simplified through multiplexing components in different modes, and an integrated motor controller, a single-phase slow charger, a three-phase fast charger, a single-phase power inverter, a three-phase power inverter, a high-power bidirectional DC/DC and a low-power bidirectional DC/DC circuit are realized; the integrated circuit realizes the full coverage of the functions of a plurality of original circuits, greatly reduces the number of power switch tubes and various energy storage components and parts, and greatly reduces the manufacturing cost of the electric automobile; meanwhile, an integrated circuit is used for replacing a plurality of original circuits, so that the weight or the volume of the integrated circuit is reduced, the light weight of the electric automobile is realized, and the utilization rate of the internal space of the electric automobile is improved; the three-phase transformer is used for completing energy multidirectional flow, compared with the transformer which is reduced before integration, partial inductive elements are multiplexed, the EMI source of the whole system is reduced, and the EMI treatment scheme of the system is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a seven-in-one high-voltage integrated system circuit structure of an electric automobile and a working method thereof.
Background
Under the time alarm of aggravated energy crisis and environmental pollution, the problem of high oil consumption and high emission of the traditional fuel automobile is successively provided with a statement of fuel automobile forbidden by the country, the new energy automobile is hopeful to replace the fuel automobile to become a future mainstream transportation means, and the pure electric automobile in the new energy automobile has the minimum emission and the highest energy density to be valued. In the prior pure electric automobile, the circuit structure is huge, so that various systems in the whole automobile are redundant, and each circuit mainly has two existing modes, namely, the circuits are completely separated and are independently arranged as independent systems, and a plurality of systems are installed together to share one set of shell, which is called physical integration. Both methods result in excessive area, heavy weight and high cost. However, along with the development of technology and pursuit of performance, based on that each independent circuit structure contains a large number of inductors, capacitors and power switch tubes, recently, the industry advocates multiplexing components, a plurality of electric control systems are integrated into an assembly circuit topology structure, and the assembly circuit optimizes and completes the full coverage of the functions of a plurality of circuits through an algorithm, so that the volume and the weight of the whole electric control system are reduced, the cost is saved, and the light weight of the electric automobile is realized.
At present, most of high-voltage integrated systems which are proposed by mainstream manufacturers at home and abroad are three-in-one or four-in-one, but the problems of high cost, large volume, low efficiency and the like caused by low integration degree still stand out, and the large-scale popularization and application of the high-voltage integrated systems in electric automobiles are restricted.
Therefore, the highly integrated high-voltage integrated system circuit structure meeting different functional requirements in different modes through multiplexing components is urgently needed to be researched, and the technical problem to be solved in the industry is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide an assembly circuit structure which can meet seven functions of a motor controller, a single-phase slow charger, a three-phase fast charger, a single-phase power inverter, a three-phase power inverter, a high-power bidirectional DC/DC and a low-power bidirectional DC/DC without additional new circuits. The technical proposal is as follows:
seven-in-one high-voltage collector of electric automobileThe system circuit structure comprises a bidirectional AC/DC+three-phase APFC circuit consisting of IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6; the first high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is composed of IGBT tubes Q7, Q8, Q9, Q10, an inductor Lr1, capacitors Cr1, C2, C3 and C4 and a primary winding N1 of a three-phase transformer T; the second high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is composed of IGBT tubes Q11, Q12, Q13 and Q14, an inductor Lr2, capacitors Cr2, C9, C10, C11 and C12 and a secondary winding N2 of the three-phase transformer T; the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is composed of diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, capacitors C5, C6, C7, C8 and C and a secondary winding N3 of a three-phase transformer T; ECU, DC bus capacitor C dc And mode selection switches S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7;
the direct current side of the bidirectional AC/DC+three-phase APFC circuit passes through a capacitor C dc A direct current side connected to the first high voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit;
the direct current side of the second high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is connected with a power battery through a capacitor Cpro;
the direct current side of the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is connected with a storage battery and a low-voltage system;
the mode selection switches comprise charge and discharge mode selection switches S1, S2 and S3; the inverter and the motor controller select switches S5, S6 and S7; a fast and slow charge mode selection switch S4;
the charging and discharging mode selection switches S1, S2 and S3 are single-pole double-throw switches, the movable contacts of the single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the alternating current side of the three-phase APFC circuit through filter inductors L1, L2 and L3, and the first fixed contact of the single-pole double-throw switches is connected with a power grid;
the inverter and motor controller selection switches S5, S6 and S7 are single-pole double-throw switches, the movable contacts of the single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with the second stationary contacts of the switches S3, S2 and S1, the first stationary contact of the single-pole double-throw switches is connected with a motor, and the second stationary contact of the single-pole double-throw switches is connected with an external port;
the fast and slow charging mode selection switch S4 is arranged on a third bridge arm of the bidirectional AC/DC+three-phase APFC circuit;
the ECU controls the on-off of each mode selection switch, and realizes the switching of integrated motor control, single-phase slow charging, three-phase fast charging, single-phase power inversion, three-phase power inversion, high-power bidirectional DC/DC or low-power bidirectional DC/DC functions.
Further, the specific parameters satisfy:
L m ＝KL r
wherein C is dc Is a direct-current side capacitor, po is rated output power, f gird Rated frequency of power grid input, V DC-max Outputting maximum voltage to the APFC circuit bus; l is an alternating current side inductance, V in-min Is the minimum value of the input voltage at the alternating current side, d is the duty ratio of the IGBT driving signal, f s The switching frequency of the switching tube is shown as delta I, and the ripple current is shown as delta I; c (C) r Is a resonant capacitor (C) r 1、C r 2 respectively) Q max For maximum quality factor, R' is equivalent impedance, f 1 A series resonant frequency; l (L) m The excitation inductance is K, and the inductance ratio is K; l (L) r Is a resonant inductance (L r 1、L r 2 respectively calculated), R L For output load, n is the maximum turns ratio of the transformer.
A working method based on an electric automobile seven-in-one high-voltage integrated system circuit structure comprises the following steps:
(1) When detecting that the charging gun is inserted, the system selects a charging mode;
when three-phase alternating current is input, the switches S1, S2 and S3 are connected with a power grid, the switch S4 is closed to open a third bridge arm switch circuit, and a three-phase quick charging mode is entered; the three-phase six-switch APFC of the front-stage circuit improves the power factor, performs AC-DC conversion and then sends the power factor to the rear-stage DC/DC circuit;
when single-phase alternating current is input, the switch S4 is turned off, the third bridge arm switch circuit is turned off, and a single-phase slow charging mode is entered; the front-stage circuit is changed from a three-phase six-switch APFC circuit into a single-phase four-switch APFC circuit, improves the power factor, performs AC-DC conversion and sends the power factor to the rear-stage DC/DC circuit;
the first high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC front stage to transfer electric energy to a double back stage through a three-phase transformer; the second high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC high-power rear stage to charge the power battery; the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC low-power rear stage to charge a storage battery and supply power for a whole vehicle low-voltage system;
(2) When the insertion of the charging gun is not detected, the system selects a running mode;
the switches S3, S2 and S1 are respectively connected with movable contacts of the switches S5, S6 and S7, the switches S5, S6 and S7 are connected with a motor, the switch S4 is closed, and a motor control mode is entered; the second high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC front stage to transfer electric energy to a double back stage through a three-phase transformer; the first high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC high-power rear stage, voltage regulation and AC/DC conversion are carried out on input electric energy according to requirements, the input electric energy is sent into a three-phase inversion side circuit formed by IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 for DC/AC conversion, and finally the modulated three-phase alternating current is sent into a motor; the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC low-power rear stage to perform AC/DC conversion and then charge a storage battery and supply power to a whole vehicle low-voltage system;
(3) When a driver manually selects a power inversion mode, the system discharges outwards;
the switches S1, S2 and S3 are respectively connected with movable contacts of the switches S5, S6 and S7, the switches S5, S6 and S7 are communicated with external ports, and the power battery does work on the outside; the second high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC front stage to transfer electric energy to a double back stage through a three-phase transformer; the first high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC high-power rear stage and is used for regulating voltage and converting alternating current and direct current of input electric energy according to requirements;
when the three-phase power inverter is in a state of being in a three-phase power inverter, the switch S4 is closed, the three-phase power inverter is sent into a three-phase inversion side circuit formed by IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 to perform direct-alternating-current conversion, and an external port is connected through the switches S5, S6 and S7 to output three-phase alternating current;
when the single-phase power inverter is in a state, the switch S4 is turned off, the three-phase inversion side circuit is changed into a single-phase inversion side circuit, the direct-to-alternating-current conversion is carried out, the external port is turned on through the switches S6 and S7, and single-phase alternating current is output to the outside;
the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC low-power rear stage to perform AC/DC conversion and then supplies power for a whole vehicle low-voltage system.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, a new circuit structure is designed by multiplexing the IGBT and the circuit energy storage element so as to realize the full coverage of a plurality of circuit functions before, and the high integration of the whole system is realized, so that the volume and the weight of the whole system are reduced, and the space utilization rate and the light weight of the whole vehicle are improved. And the total number of circuit elements is reduced by multiplexing the components, the cost of the high voltage system is reduced. Meanwhile, the three-phase transformers are used for replacing the original two transformers, and by multiplexing part of inductive elements, the number of EMI sources of the system is reduced, and the problem of follow-up optimization of EMI interference is simplified.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit structure of a high voltage integrated system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a three-phase block according to the present invention circuit structure in the fast charger mode.
Fig. 3 is a circuit structure of the single-phase slow charger provided by the invention in a mode.
Fig. 4 is a circuit structure of a motor controller and a low-voltage system for power supply under a driving condition provided by the invention.
Fig. 5 is a circuit structure in the three-phase power inverter mode provided by the invention.
Fig. 6 is a circuit structure of the single-phase power inverter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is to design a seven-in-one integrated circuit. Under the charging working condition, the three-phase alternating current power supply has three-phase alternating current input, single-phase alternating current input, direct current high-voltage output and direct current voltage output; under the discharging working condition, the device has high-voltage direct current input, three-phase alternating current output, single-phase alternating current output and low-voltage direct current output. Through the mode selection switch, the selectable modes comprise a motor control mode, a charger mode comprises three-phase fast charging and single-phase slow charging, an inverter mode comprises three-phase power inversion and single-phase power inversion, and the three modes comprise a high-power bidirectional DC/DC function and a low-power bidirectional DC/DC function.
The single-phase power inverter and the three-phase power inverter are used for executing feeding commands under different conditions, and the signals are sent to the corresponding mode selection switches by the ECU to complete circuit structure changes.
The motor controller mode is used for executing motor control commands in a driving state, and the signals are sent to the corresponding mode selection switch by the ECU to complete circuit structure change.
The high-power bidirectional DC/DC and the low-power bidirectional DC/DC are used for executing energy conversion under different working conditions, the high-power bidirectional DC/DC modulates high-voltage direct current, and the low-power bidirectional DC/DC modulates low-voltage direct current.
As shown in FIG. 1, the integrated circuit comprises L1, L2, L3 filter inductors, charge and discharge mode selection switches S1, S2, S3, single-phase and three-phase mode selection switches S4, inverters, motor controller selection switches S5, S6, S7, and DC bus capacitor C dc IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 form a single-phase four-switch APFC circuit, IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 form a three-phase six-switch APFC circuit, a three-phase transformer, a high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit formed by IGBT tubes Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10, resonant inductance Lr1, resonant capacitance Cr1, excitation inductance Lm1, parasitic capacitances C1, C2, C3 and C4 and windings of transformer N1, and a high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit formed by IGBT tubes Q11, Q12, Q13 and Q14, resonant inductance Lr2, resonant capacitance Cr2, excitation inductance Lm2, filtering voltage stabilizing capacitance Cpro and parasitic electricityThe high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit comprises capacitors C9, C10, C11 and C12 and a transformer N2 winding, and the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit comprises rectifier diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, buffer capacitors C5, C6, C7 and C8, a filter voltage stabilizing capacitor C and a transformer N3 winding.
The charging and discharging mode selection switches S1, S2 and S3 are single-pole double-throw switches, the movable contacts of the single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the alternating current side of the three-phase APFC circuit through filter inductors L1, L2 and L3, and the first fixed contact of the single-pole double-throw switches is connected with a power grid; the inverter and motor controller selection switches S5, S6 and S7 are single-pole double-throw switches, the movable contacts of the single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with the second stationary contacts of the switches S3, S2 and S1, the first stationary contact of the single-pole double-throw switches is connected with a motor, and the second stationary contact of the single-pole double-throw switches is connected with an external port; the fast and slow charging mode selection switch S4 is arranged on a third bridge arm of the bidirectional AC/DC+three-phase APFC circuit.
Parameters of the bidirectional AC/DC+three-phase APFC circuit structure should meet the requirement of keeping good damping characteristics and output waveforms in the maximum fluctuation range of the national power grid of the existing specification, and specific parameters meet the following requirements:
the bi-directional DC/DC should maintain an efficient operation and good voltage regulation capability over a wide range of inputs and outputs. Because the resonant inductor current and the resonant capacitor voltage are sinusoidal, the amplitude change is large in one switching period, and the small ripple approximation cannot be used for analyzing the LLC resonant converter, and a fundamental wave analysis method is adopted. And (3) expanding the Fourier series of the primary voltage of the transformer to obtain an effective value, and then, obtaining a ratio of the effective value to the input voltage as a circuit gain formula, and finding out an optimal design interval in a gain curve according to specific parameters. To obtain the highest efficiency, the soft switching state of the converter needs to be met, and finally whether the input impedance of the converter is inductive or not is verified. The specific parameters are as follows:
L m ＝KL r
wherein C is dc Is a direct-current side capacitor, po is rated output power, f gird Rated frequency of power grid input, V DC-max Outputting maximum voltage to the APFC circuit bus; l is an alternating current side inductance, V in-min Is the minimum value of the input voltage at the alternating current side, d is the duty ratio of the IGBT driving signal, f s The switching frequency of the switching tube is shown as delta I, and the ripple current is shown as delta I; c (C) r Is a resonant capacitor (C) r 1、C r 2 respectively) Q max For maximum quality factor, R' is equivalent impedance, f 1 A series resonant frequency; l (L) m The excitation inductance is K, and the inductance ratio is K; l (L) r Is a resonant inductance (L r 1、L r 2 respectively calculated), R L For output load, n is the maximum turns ratio of the transformer.
Under the charging working condition, when three-phase alternating current is input, the three-phase six-switch APFC circuit is used for performing alternating current-direct conversion and correcting power factors; when single-phase alternating current is input, the single-phase four-switch APFC circuit is used for carrying out alternating-current and direct-current conversion, correcting power factors and then inputting the direct current into the LLC type DC/DC converter for modulation as required. The first high-voltage half-stage forms an LLC primary side circuit, electric energy is transmitted through a three-phase transformer, the upper part of the LLC primary side circuit is output into an LLC secondary side circuit 1 formed by the second high-voltage half-stage, the LLC secondary side circuit charges a high-voltage power battery, and a high-power bidirectional DC/DC is formed by the LLC secondary side circuit and the primary side circuit. The lower part outputs an LLC secondary side circuit 2 consisting of rectifier diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, capacitors C5, C6, C7, C8 and C and a transformer secondary side N2, and is used for charging a low-voltage storage battery and supplying power to a low-voltage system, and a low-power bidirectional DC/DC is formed by the LLC secondary side circuit and a primary side circuit.
In the state of a power inverter under a discharging working condition, the power battery does work to the outside, and the second high-voltage half-stage is used as an LLC primary side circuit to respectively provide high-voltage alternating current and low-voltage direct current through a transformer. The first high-voltage half-stage is used as an LLC secondary side circuit 1 to form a high-power DC/DC with a front stage, and the high-voltage AC is modulated as required, and is sent to a rear stage circuit after AC/DC conversion. The rear-stage circuit forms a single-phase inverter circuit or a three-phase inverter circuit according to the ECU command to further modulate the electric energy, convert the electric energy into direct current and alternating current, and then output the electric energy to the outside; the low-voltage half-stage is used as an LLC secondary side circuit 2 and forms a low-power DC/DC with a front stage, and the low-voltage alternating current is sent to an output whole vehicle low-voltage system after alternating current and direct current are converted so as to ensure the normal operation of necessary electric systems of the whole vehicle.
And in a running state of a discharging working condition, the system turns on a transmission system, turns off a charging circuit, and a power battery supplies power to the motor and the whole vehicle low-voltage system. The second high-voltage half-stage is used as an LLC primary side circuit, electric energy is transmitted through a three-phase transformer, the power supply part of the motor is output as a first high-voltage half-stage circuit and is used as an LLC secondary side circuit 1, and a high-power bidirectional DC/DC is formed by the second high-voltage half-stage and the primary side circuit; the storage battery and a voltage system power supply part are output into a low-voltage half-stage circuit and used as an LLC secondary side circuit 2, and a low-power bidirectional DC/DC is formed by the LLC secondary side circuit and a primary side circuit.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a three-phase fast charger, a single-phase slow charger in a charging mode, and a power transmission form.
When the charging gun is detected to be inserted, the system selects a charging mode, the switches S1, S2 and S3 are connected with a power grid, and the charging port preset sensor detects the type of input electric energy. When La, lb and Lc are input, namely three-phase alternating current is input, the system automatically selects a three-phase quick charging mode, S4 is closed, a third bridge arm switch circuit is opened, a front-stage circuit improves the power factor for three-phase six-switch APFC, and the three-phase six-switch APFC is sent to a DC/DC circuit after AC/DC conversion; when Ld is input, namely single-phase alternating current is input, the system automatically selects a single-phase slow charging mode, the S4 is disconnected, the third bridge arm switch circuit is closed, the front-stage circuit is a single-phase four-switch APFC, the power factor is improved, and the AC/DC conversion is carried out and the AC/DC conversion is sent to the DC/DC circuit. The LLC resonant circuit formed by IGBT tubes Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10, an inductor Lr1, capacitors Cr1, C2, C3 and C4 and a transformer N1 winding is used as a front stage DC/DC, and electric energy is transferred to a double rear stage through a three-phase transformer. The IGBT tubes Q11, Q12, Q13 and Q14, the inductor Lr2, the capacitors C9, C10, C11, C12 and Cr2 and the transformer N2 windings form a DC/DC high-power rear stage to charge the power battery; the rectifier diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, the capacitors C5, C6, C7 and C8 and the windings of the transformer N3 form a DC/DC low-power rear stage for charging the storage battery and supplying power to the whole vehicle low-voltage system.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment provides the power battery to do work externally in the driving mode, and the circuit structure changes and the power transmission form when providing high-voltage alternating current for the motor controller and supplying power to the storage battery and the whole vehicle low-voltage system.
When the insertion of the charging gun is not detected, the system selects a running mode, the switches S1, S2 and S3 are connected with the motor and the external port, the switches S5, S6 and S7 are connected with the motor, and the switch S4 is closed. The power battery does work on the motor and the whole vehicle system, the IGBT tubes Q11, Q12, Q13 and Q14, the inductor Lr2, the capacitors Cr2, C9, C10, C11 and C12 and the windings of the transformer N2 form an LLC resonant circuit as a DC/DC front stage, and the electric energy is transferred to a double rear stage through the three-phase transformer. The method comprises the steps that IGBT tubes Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10, an inductor Lr1, capacitors Cr1, C2, C3 and C4 and a transformer N1 winding form a DC/DC high-power rear stage, input electric energy is subjected to voltage regulation and AC/DC conversion as required, then the electric energy is sent to an inversion side circuit consisting of IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 for DC/AC conversion, and finally the modulated three-phase alternating current is sent to a motor; the rectifier diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 and the transformer N3 windings form a DC/DC low-power rear stage, and the DC/DC low-power rear stage is used for charging a storage battery and supplying power for a whole vehicle low-voltage system after AC/DC conversion.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the present embodiment provides a three-phase power inverter in inverter mode, a circuit configuration change of a single-phase power inverter, and a power transmission form.
After the driver manually selects the power supply external feed mode, the system starts the inverter, the S1, the S2 and the S3 are connected with the motor and the external port, the S5, the S6 and the S7 are connected with the external, and the power battery applies work to the external. The LLC resonant circuit is formed by IGBT tubes Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14, an inductor Lr2, capacitors Cr2, C9, C10, C11 and C12 and a transformer N2 winding to serve as a DC/DC front stage, and electric energy is transferred to a double rear stage through a three-phase transformer. The IGBT tubes Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10, the inductor Lr1, the capacitors Cr1, C2, C3 and C4 and the winding of the transformer N1 form a DC/DC high-power rear stage, and the input electric energy is regulated as required and converted in an alternating-current and direct-current way. When the three-phase power inverter is in a state of being in a three-phase power inverter, the three-phase power inverter is closed S4, and is sent into a three-phase inversion side circuit consisting of IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 to perform direct-current and alternating-current conversion, and the switches S5, S6 and S7 are connected with the external end to output three-phase alternating current. When the single-phase power inverter is in a state of being in a single-phase power inverter, the single-phase power inverter is disconnected S4 and sent into a single-phase inversion side circuit consisting of IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 to be subjected to direct-alternating-current conversion, and switches S6 and S7 are connected with an external end to output single-phase alternating current; rectifier diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4 and C and transformer N3 windings form a DC/DC low-power rear stage, and the DC/DC low-power rear stage is used for supplying power to a whole vehicle low-voltage system after AC/DC conversion.
Based on the design of the bidirectional LLC circuit based on the three-phase transformer, the current state signal of the controller is fed back through the sensor, or different modes are manually selected according to the intention of a driver, the controller sends different control commands, and finally, the structural change of the circuit required by the different modes is completed through different conduction of the corresponding mode selection switch.
Claims (2)
1. The seven-in-one high-voltage integrated system circuit structure of the electric automobile is characterized by comprising a bidirectional AC/DC+three-phase APFC circuit formed by IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6; the first high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is composed of IGBT tubes Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10, a resonant inductor Lr1, a resonant capacitor Cr1, capacitors C1, C2, C3 and C4 and a primary winding N1 of a three-phase transformer T; the second high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is composed of IGBT tubes Q11, Q12, Q13 and Q14, a resonant inductor Lr2, a resonant capacitor Cr2, capacitors C9, C10, C11 and C12 and a secondary winding N2 of the three-phase transformer T; the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is composed of diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, capacitors C5, C6, C7, C8 and C and a secondary winding N3 of a three-phase transformer T; ECU and mode selection switches S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7;
the direct current side of the bidirectional AC/DC+three-phase APFC circuit passes through a direct current side capacitor C dc A direct current side connected to the first high voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit;
the direct current side of the second high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is connected with a power battery through a capacitor Cpro;
the direct current side of the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is connected with a storage battery and a low-voltage system through a capacitor C;
the mode selection switches comprise charge and discharge mode selection switches S1, S2 and S3; the inverter and the motor controller select switches S5, S6 and S7; a fast and slow charging mode and a single-phase and three-phase inversion mode selection switch S4;
the charging and discharging mode selection switches S1, S2 and S3 are single-pole double-throw switches, the movable contacts of the single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the alternating current side of the three-phase APFC circuit through filter inductors L1, L2 and L3, and the first fixed contact of the single-pole double-throw switches is connected with a power grid;
the inverter and motor controller selection switches S5, S6 and S7 are single-pole double-throw switches, the movable contacts of the single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected with the second stationary contacts of the switches S3, S2 and S1, the first stationary contact of the single-pole double-throw switches is connected with a motor, and the second stationary contact of the single-pole double-throw switches is connected with an external port;
the fast and slow charging mode and the single-phase and three-phase inversion mode selection switch S4 are arranged on a third bridge arm of the bidirectional AC/DC+three-phase APFC circuit;
the ECU controls the on-off of each mode selection switch to realize the switching of integrated motor control, single-phase slow charging, three-phase fast charging, single-phase power inversion, three-phase power inversion, high-power bidirectional DC/DC or low-power bidirectional DC/DC functions;
the specific parameters are as follows:
L m ＝KL r
wherein C is dc Is a direct-current side capacitor, po is rated output power, f gird Rated frequency of power grid input, V DC-max Outputting maximum voltage to the APFC circuit bus; l is an alternating current side inductance, V in-min Is the minimum value of the input voltage at the alternating current side, d is the duty ratio of the IGBT driving signal, f s The switching frequency of the switching tube is shown as delta I, and the ripple current is shown as delta I; c (C) r Is a resonant capacitor, Q max For maximum quality factor, R' is equivalent impedance, f 1 A series resonant frequency; l (L) m The excitation inductance is K, and the inductance ratio is K; l (L) r In order to be a resonant inductance,
R L for output load, n is the maximum turns ratio of the transformer.
2. A working method of the electric automobile seven-in-one high-voltage integrated system circuit structure based on the structure of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) When detecting that the charging gun is inserted, the system selects a charging mode;
when three-phase alternating current is input, the switches S1, S2 and S3 are connected with a power grid, the switch S4 is closed to open a third bridge arm switch circuit, and a three-phase quick charging mode is entered; the three-phase six-switch APFC of the front-stage circuit improves the power factor, performs AC-DC conversion and then sends the power factor to the rear-stage DC/DC circuit;
when single-phase alternating current is input, the switch S4 is turned off, the third bridge arm switch circuit is turned off, and a single-phase slow charging mode is entered; the front-stage circuit is changed from a three-phase six-switch APFC circuit into a single-phase four-switch APFC circuit, improves the power factor, performs AC-DC conversion and sends the power factor to the rear-stage DC/DC circuit;
the first high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC front stage to transfer electric energy to a double back stage through a three-phase transformer; the second high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC high-power rear stage to charge the power battery; the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC low-power rear stage to charge a storage battery and supply power for a whole vehicle low-voltage system;
(2) When the insertion of the charging gun is not detected, the system selects a running mode;
the switches S3, S2 and S1 are respectively connected with movable contacts of the switches S5, S6 and S7, the switches S5, S6 and S7 are connected with a motor, the switch S4 is closed, and a motor control mode is entered; the second high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC front stage to transfer electric energy to a double back stage through a three-phase transformer; the first high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC high-power rear stage, voltage regulation and AC/DC conversion are carried out on input electric energy according to requirements, the input electric energy is sent into a three-phase inversion side circuit formed by IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 for DC/AC conversion, and finally the modulated three-phase alternating current is sent into a motor; the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC low-power rear stage to perform AC/DC conversion and then charge a storage battery and supply power to a whole vehicle low-voltage system;
(3) When a driver manually selects a power inversion mode, the system discharges outwards;
the switches S1, S2 and S3 are respectively connected with movable contacts of the switches S5, S6 and S7, the switches S5, S6 and S7 are communicated with external ports, and the power battery does work on the outside; the second high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC front stage to transfer electric energy to a double back stage through a three-phase transformer; the first high-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC high-power rear stage and is used for regulating voltage and converting alternating current and direct current of input electric energy according to requirements;
when the three-phase power inverter is in a state of being in a three-phase power inverter, the switch S4 is closed, the three-phase power inverter is sent into a three-phase inversion side circuit formed by IGBT tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 to perform direct-alternating-current conversion, and an external port is connected through the switches S5, S6 and S7 to output three-phase alternating current;
when the single-phase power inverter is in a state, the switch S4 is turned off, the three-phase inversion side circuit is changed into a single-phase inversion side circuit, the direct-to-alternating-current conversion is carried out, the external port is turned on through the switches S6 and S7, and single-phase alternating current is output to the outside;
the low-voltage half-stage DC/DC circuit is used as a DC/DC low-power rear stage to perform AC/DC conversion and then supplies power for a whole vehicle low-voltage system.
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