CN113071097A - 一种彩色3d打印机控制器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种彩色3D打印机控制器,与传统3D打印机控制器相比,该控制器除了连接控制打印机三轴运动的步进电机外还可以连接5~6个步进电机用于驱动多个挤出机电机,多个挤出机混合挤出不同颜色的耗材并最终实现彩色3D打印机的控制。本发明包括微处理器、触摸屏、步进电机驱动接口、外部通信接口、限位开关接口、温度采样电路、加热驱动电路、散热驱动电路、电源管理电路。
Description
技术领域
本发明专利涉及增材制造领域,尤其涉及一种彩色3D打印机控制器。
背景技术
3D打印,又称增材制造,属于快速成型技术的一种,是一种以数字模型为基础,通过软件与数控系统将专用的金属材料、非金属材料以及医用生物材料,按照熔融沉积(FDM)、选择激光烧结(SLM)、光固化(SLA)、数字光处理(DLP)等方式,制造出实体物品的制造技术。相对于传统的开模注塑、或者对原材料去除-切削、组装的加工模式不同,是一种“自下而上”通过材料累加的制造方法,从无到有。这使得过去受到传统制造方式的约束,而无法实现的复杂结构件制造变为可能,同时3D打印的生产方式省去了模具制造的过程,有生产需求的企业不必再支付高昂的开模费用。由于这个特性,3D打印技术在全世界得到了广泛的应用。
目前3D打印技术已在教育、创客、工业、模型模具等领域广泛普及,但当前市场上3D打印设备大多为单色打印机,打印出来的模型后期上色需要经过打磨、多次喷漆及抛光等工序,且工艺较为复杂,与传统制造相比缺乏优势。因此,彩色3D打印技术作为增材制造的一个细分市场,将是未来发展的重要趋势之一。
目前行业中相对成熟的技术方案大体上都是通过先单色打印,后机器上色的方式来实现彩色3d打印,然而由于三维喷墨设备成本高昂(成本在50万以上)且进行维护的难度高,这些技术方案目前无法真正实现市场化。
现有一种低成本彩色3D打印技术,通过将不同颜色的耗材按照一定的比例同时挤入专用的混色喷头内,并在喷头混合腔中实现多种颜色的混合套色,但市面上大多3D打印机控制器仅有4个步进电机驱动接口,只能驱动一个挤出机,无法实现多种耗材同时挤入喷头的效果, 现有部分3D打印机控制器支持连接6个电机驱动,即3个运动电机+3个挤出机电机,但若要实现全彩色的调色,至少需要品红+青色+黄色+黑色+白色五种颜色的调制,且需要打印机工作在混合挤出模式,因此现有3D打印机控制器无法满足该需求。
鉴于上述缺陷,本发明设计了一种彩色3D打印控制器,该控制器带有9个步进电机驱动接口,且可以工作在混合挤出模式下,能够有效解决现有3D打印机控制器驱动接口不足、需要外接拓展模块、程序不支持混合挤出、使用不便等问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术上存在的上述问题,本发明提出一种彩色3D打印机控制器,其包括微处理器(1),触摸屏(2),步进电机驱动接口(3),外部通信接口(4),限位开关接口(5),温度采样电路(6),加热驱动电路(7),散热驱动电路(8),电源管理电路(9)。
用户首先通过三维建模软件或者互联网资源获取三维模型,再将三维模型导入到彩色切片软件中,设置模型摆放位置、不同部分的打印温度、速度,挤出颜色等,然后进行切片操作,再将切片软件产生的文件拷入u盘或内存卡,或者导入到USB在线控制软件中。用户将u盘或内存卡插入控制器,通过触摸屏选择对应文件,开始打印。
当控制器进入打印模式时,微处理器首先向步进电机驱动接口发送指令控制运动电机进行复位,当限位开关接口所连接的限位开关被触发时,喷头、平台已回归到零位,复位结束,随后加热指令发送,微处理器通过温度采样电路检测加热头和加热平台的温度,温度数据通过ADC接口回传到微处理器,当温度小于目标温度时,微处理器通过PWM接口控制加热驱动电路加热挤出头、打印平台,当温度达到目标温度时,散热驱动电路开始工作,维持挤出头、打印平台恒温,以及给打印中的模型散热。
当彩色打印环节开始时,微处理器根据内存卡、u盘或USB虚拟串口中读取到的指令,控制运动电机做X、Y、Z三轴运动,控制各挤出机按比例进给耗材。为实现彩色3D打印,控制器会控制至少5个挤出机挤出品红色、青色、黄色、黑色、白色、五种颜色的耗材,即CYMK+白色调色,该种调色方式仅需改变挤出比例即可实现各种颜色的切换。由于打印文件中包含了颜色信息,因此打印过程无需人工介入。当打印过程结束后,微处理器向电源管理电路发送关机指令使整个打印机关机。在打印过程中,一旦电源突然断开,电源管理模块会向微处理器发送掉电保存信号,并利用开关电源中的电容剩余的能量完成打印进度保存并关机,以便下次上电可以继续打印。
优选的,所述微处理器采用意法半导体公司的STM32芯片。
优选的,所述控制器带有9个步进电机驱动,可支持6个挤出机同时工作。
本发明具有以下优点。
1、在兼容传统单色打印的基础上,支持彩色3D打印,通用性强。
2、支持市面主流切片软件,易用性强。
3、采用高性能微处理器,处理速度快,可支持高速打印,快速路径规划。
4、支持连接市面上大部分步进电机驱动器,支持带有高细分、超静音、闭环等功能的步进电机驱动。
5、所述控制器的步进电机驱动接口可任意设定工作模式,包括但不限于双Z轴、单Z轴、单独挤出、混合挤出等模式。
6、本控制器基于FDM 3D打印技术,通过将预先准备好的彩色材料同时挤入自主研发的混合式打印喷头中,利用印刷四色模式(CMYK)+专色(白色)进行套色,即将品红色、青色,黄色、黑色、白色按预先设置好的比例同时挤入喷头的混合腔中,从而调出各种颜色,实现彩色3D打印。
附图说明
图1为本发明的彩色3D打印控制器系统硬件框图。
图2为本发明的彩色3D打印控制器步进电机驱动接口框图。
图3为本发明的彩色3D打印控制器工作流程图。
具体实施方式
图1为本发明的彩色3D打印机控制器系统硬件框图,由图1可知,本发明采用微处理器控制其他系统工作,此处微处理器采用意法半导体公司的STM32芯片。
由图1可知,STM32芯片可通过SPI接口与内存卡槽连接,用于读取SD卡中的切片文件,通过对文件中指令代码的解释,控制步进电机、加热棒等工作
由图1可知,STM32芯片可通过USB接口连接U盘, 用于读取U盘中的切片文件,通过对文件中指令代码的解释,控制步进电机、加热棒等工作。
由图1可知,STM32芯片可通过USB虚拟串口连接电脑, 用于连接上位机,通过接收上位机发送的指令,控制步进电机、加热棒等工作。
由图1可知,STM32芯片通过ADC接口与温度采样电路连接,该温度采样电路采用热敏电阻进行温度测量,通过ADC接口测量热敏电阻分压,从而获取温度数据。
由图1可知,STM32芯片通过PWM接口与加热驱动电路相连接,通过改变占空比调节加热棒与加热平台的工作温度,加热棒安装于打印喷头处,用于熔化耗材。加热平台安装于打印机工作平面上,用于提高模型第一层粘合性。
由图1可知,STM32芯片通过UART或8080接口与触摸屏相连接,用于选择打印文件、修改打印机配置,显示打印状态等
由图1可知,STM32芯片通过PWM接口与散热驱动电路相连接,用于驱动散热风扇工作, 散热风扇安装于打印机喉管、打印机喷嘴、打印机主板箱等位置,用于散热冷却用。
由图2可知,STM32芯片可通过UART、SPI、GPIO接口与步进电机驱动器连接,驱动运动电机或挤出机工作。该控制器除支持多个挤出机单独工作外,还可使挤出机工作在一种混合挤出的模式中,该状态下,3D打印机可混合挤出多种不同颜色的耗材,从而使耗材在喷头混合腔中混色,通过改变挤出比例实现调色的效果,最终实现彩色3D打印。
由图3可知,用户首先通过三维建模软件或者互联网资源获取三维模型,再将三维模型导入到彩色切片软件中,设置模型摆放位置、不同部分的打印温度、速度,挤出颜色等,然后进行切片操作,再将切片软件产生的文件拷入u盘或内存卡,或者导入到USB在线控制软件中。用户将u盘或内存卡插入控制器,通过触摸屏选择对应文件,开始打印。
当控制器进入打印模式时,微处理器首先向步进电机驱动接口发送指令控制运动电机进行复位,当限位开关接口所连接的限位开关被触发时,喷头、平台已回归到零位,复位结束,随后加热指令发送,微处理器通过温度采样电路检测加热头和加热平台的温度,温度数据通过ADC接口回传到微处理器,当温度小于目标温度时,微处理器通过PWM接口控制加热驱动电路加热挤出头、打印平台,当温度达到目标温度时,散热驱动电路开始工作,维持挤出头、打印平台恒温,以及给打印中的模型散热。
当彩色打印环节开始时,微处理器根据内存卡、u盘或USB虚拟串口中读取到的指令,控制运动电机做X、Y、Z三轴运动,控制各挤出机按比例进给耗材。为实现彩色3D打印,控制器会控制至少5个挤出机挤出品红色、青色、黄色、黑色、白色、五种颜色的耗材,即CYMK+白色调色,该种调色方式仅需改变挤出比例即可实现各种颜色的切换。由于打印文件中包含了颜色信息,因此打印过程无需人工介入。当打印过程结束后,微处理器向电源管理电路发送关机指令使整个打印机关机。在打印过程中,一旦电源突然断开,电源管理模块会向微处理器发送掉电保存信号,并利用开关电源中的电容剩余的能量完成打印进度保存并关机,以便下次上电可以继续打印。
Claims (4)
1.一种彩色3D打印控制器,包括微处理器(1)、触摸屏(2)、步进电机驱动接口(3)、外部通信接口(4)、限位开关接口(5)、温度采样电路(6)、加热驱动电路(7)、散热驱动电路(8)、电源管理电路(9),其特征在于该控制器带有多个步进电机驱动接口(3),最多可连接9个步进电机驱动,以实现多个挤出机混合挤出不同颜色的耗材并混色调色挤出,以及控制打印机喷头三维运动,最终实现彩色3D打印,所述的微处理器(1)连接触摸屏(2)以实现人机交互界面控制,所述的微处理器(1)连接外部通信接口(4)即内存卡、U盘、USB虚拟串口三种方式以读取预先经过专用切片软件生成的G代码,通过对G代码的解释以实现喷头位置移动、颜色混合比例等的设置,所述的微处理器(1)连接限位开关接口(5)以实现打印开始前机器各运动控制电机的归零复位,所述的微处理器(1)连接温度采样电路(6)、加热驱动电路(7)、散热驱动电路(8),以实现打印机挤出头加热块、打印机加热平台的恒温加热控制,所述的微处理器(1)连接电源管理电路(9)以实现掉电保存等功能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种彩色3D打印机控制器,其特征在于所述微处理器(1)采用意法半导体公司的STM32芯片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种彩色3D打印机控制器,其特征在于所述步进电机驱动接口(3),采用2.54mm间距的接插件与主板进行连接,支持多种方式例如step/dir、UART、SPI等方式与微控制器进行数据通信,且该控制器可连接9个步进电机驱动,且支持型号包括市面上主流步进电机驱动,支持连接高细分、超静音、闭环步进电机驱动。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种彩色3D打印机控制器,其特征在于当所述控制器的步进电机驱动接口(3)可任意设定功能,机器所连接的步进电机按功能主要可分为两类,即运动电机和挤出机电机,当机器工作在单z轴模式时,电机分配为3个运动电机,即x轴电机、y轴电机、z轴电机,+6个挤出机电机,即挤出机电机1、挤出机电机2、挤出机电机3、挤出机电机4、挤出机电机5、挤出机电机6,当机器工作在双z轴模式时,电机分配为5个运动电机,即x轴电机、y轴电机、z轴电机1、z轴电机2,+5个挤出机电机,即挤出机电机1、挤出机电机2、挤出机电机3、挤出机电机4、挤出机电机5,挤出机电机可工作在单独挤出模式,即每个挤出机单独工作,通过切换工作挤出机实现换色效果,和混合挤出模式,即多个挤出机同时工作,通过调节各挤出机间的挤出比例实现颜色混合换色的效果。
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