CN113063800A - GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method - Google Patents
GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113063800A CN113063800A CN202110217439.XA CN202110217439A CN113063800A CN 113063800 A CN113063800 A CN 113063800A CN 202110217439 A CN202110217439 A CN 202110217439A CN 113063800 A CN113063800 A CN 113063800A
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method, which is implemented according to the following steps: step 1, macroscopic tissue analysis; step 2, microscopic structure analysis; and 3, analyzing the components of the microstructure. The method can analyze the cracking reason of the GH4133 forge piece in the production process by low-power inspection, high-power inspection, energy spectrum analysis and other methods, and the analysis process is systematic and complete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical defect analysis, and relates to a GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method.
Background
The GH4133 alloy has good comprehensive performance and is suitable for manufacturing turbine disks and working blades of aeroengines. The method can analyze the cracking problem of the GH4133 forge piece in the production process by low-power inspection, high-power inspection, energy spectrum analysis and other methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method, which solves the problem that a systematic analysis method is lacked in the prior art for analyzing the cause of the generated cracking problem.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, macroscopic tissue analysis;
step 2, microscopic structure analysis;
and 3, analyzing the components of the microstructure.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the step 1 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1.1, selecting one end face of a forge piece and a sample section, carrying out acid liquid cleaning after grinding a low-power sample, observing defects under a 10X magnifying lens, and shooting an end face low-power tissue topography map and a sample section low-power tissue topography map;
step 1.2, comparing the sectional macroscopic structure topography map of the sample with the sectional macroscopic structure topography map of the end face by taking the sectional macroscopic structure topography map of the end face as a reference, wherein if other abnormal defects exist near the defects, the defects are caused by the abnormal defects, otherwise, the step 2 is carried out;
CuSO in acid solution of step 1.14·5H2O：H2SO4: the HCl molar ratio is 10-20 g: 300-400 ml: 450 to 500 ml.
The step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, selecting a sample end face and a sample section to carry out high-power tissue observation, and after grinding and polishing, shooting under a high-power electron microscope to obtain an end face crack polished morphology and a sample section crack polished morphology;
step 2.2, comparing the polished morphology of the end surface cracks with the high-power tissue morphology of the end surface by taking the polished morphology of the end surface cracks as a reference, wherein if no other abnormal defects exist near the defects and the content of non-metallic inclusions near the defects exceeds a standard requirement, the defects are cracks caused by the fact that the content of the non-metallic inclusions exceeds a standard, otherwise, the step 2.3 is carried out;
step 2.3, comparing the polished morphology of the crack of the sample section with the high-power tissue morphology of the end face by taking the polished morphology of the crack of the end face as a reference, wherein if the purity exceeds the standard of YB4069-91, the defect is caused by impurity sintering; otherwise, performing the step 2.4;
2.4, corroding the sample by using a corrosive liquid, observing the high-power tissue, and shooting under a high-power electron microscope to obtain an end surface crack corrosion state morphology graph and a sample section corrosion state tissue morphology graph;
and 2.5, comparing the end surface crack corrosion state topography with the end surface high-power structure topography by taking the end surface crack corrosion state topography as a reference, wherein if the crystal grains are coarse, the defect forming reason is caused by overheating and overburning, otherwise, the step 3 is carried out.
CuCl in corrosive liquid of step 2.32: HCl: 3-7 g of alcohol: 70-130 ml: 80-120 ml.
Step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, performing energy spectrum analysis on the high-power tissue, and performing energy spectrum analysis on granular substances around the cracks of the end face tissue of the forge piece;
step 3.2, analyzing the main element composition of the granular substances, and judging whether the defects are caused by overload fracture according to the component analysis result;
3.3, if the granular substances mainly comprise Ti and O elements, the defects are caused by the cracking of the forged piece due to stress concentration of clamping damage on the end face of the forged piece; otherwise, it is not.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can analyze the cracking reason of the GH4133 forge piece in the production process by low-power inspection, high-power inspection, energy spectrum analysis and other methods, and the analysis process is systematic and complete.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a defect macro-topography map of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the high/low power sample sampling position of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a macroscopic topographical view of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure diagram of example 1 in a polished state;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure diagram in an eroded state of example 1;
FIG. 6 is a SEM image of example 1;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
After blanking, blank chamfering, heating and cake upsetting are carried out on a GH4133 forge piece, bulging and cracking of the forge piece are found. The positions and the appearances of the defects are shown in figure 1, as can be seen from figure 1, the crack defects crack along the axial direction of the forging, one end of each crack is a round angle (close to the lower end face), and the other end of each crack is a sharp angle (close to the upper end face). The deepest depth of the crack is about 10mm, the internal fracture surface of the crack is divided into two parts, one part is close to the bottom of the crack, and the fracture surface is in an irregular tearing shape; the other part is close to the surface of the forging piece, and the fracture surface is relatively flat and basically vertical to the surface.
A GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method is implemented according to the following steps as shown in FIG. 7:
step 1, macroscopic tissue analysis;
step 2, microscopic structure analysis;
and 3, analyzing the components of the microstructure.
The step 1 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1.1, selecting one end face of a forge piece and a sample section, carrying out acid liquid cleaning after grinding a low-power sample, observing defects under a 10X magnifying lens, and shooting an end face low-power tissue topography map and a sample section low-power tissue topography map;
step 1.2, comparing the sectional macroscopic structure topography map of the sample with the sectional macroscopic structure topography map of the end face by taking the sectional macroscopic structure topography map of the end face as a reference, wherein if other abnormal defects exist near the defects, the defects are caused by the abnormal defects, otherwise, the step 2 is carried out;
step 1.1 in acid liquorCuSO4·5H2O：H2SO4: the HCl molar ratio is 10-20 g: 300-400 ml: 450 to 500 ml.
The step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, selecting a sample end face and a sample section to carry out high-power tissue observation, and after grinding and polishing, shooting under a high-power electron microscope to obtain an end face crack polished morphology and a sample section crack polished morphology;
step 2.2, comparing the polished morphology of the end surface cracks with the high-power tissue morphology of the end surface by taking the polished morphology of the end surface cracks as a reference, wherein if no other abnormal defects exist near the defects and the content of non-metallic inclusions near the defects exceeds a standard requirement, the defects are cracks caused by the fact that the content of the non-metallic inclusions exceeds a standard, otherwise, the step 2.3 is carried out;
step 2.3, comparing the polished morphology of the crack of the sample section with the high-power tissue morphology of the end face by taking the polished morphology of the crack of the end face as a reference, wherein if the purity exceeds the standard of YB4069-91, the defect is caused by impurity sintering; otherwise, performing the step 2.4;
2.4, corroding the sample by using a corrosive liquid, observing the high-power tissue, and shooting under a high-power electron microscope to obtain an end surface crack corrosion state morphology graph and a sample section corrosion state tissue morphology graph;
and 2.5, comparing the end surface crack corrosion state topography with the end surface high-power structure topography by taking the end surface crack corrosion state topography as a reference, wherein if the crystal grains are coarse, the defect forming reason is caused by overheating and overburning, otherwise, the step 3 is carried out.
5. The method for detecting the defects of the GH4133 alloy forging according to claim 4, wherein the CuCl in the corrosive liquid in the step 2.32: HCl: 3-7 g of alcohol: 70-130 ml: 80-120 ml.
Step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, performing energy spectrum analysis on the high-power tissue, and performing energy spectrum analysis on granular substances around the cracks of the end face tissue of the forge piece;
step 3.2, analyzing the main element composition of the granular substances, and judging whether the defects are caused by overload fracture according to the component analysis result;
3.3, if the granular substances mainly comprise Ti and O elements, the defects are caused by the cracking of the forged piece due to stress concentration of clamping damage on the end face of the forged piece; otherwise, it is not.
As can be seen from the macrostructure profile (fig. 3), the upper end face macrostructure of the sample in the end face macrostructure profile (fig. 3a) had many fine cracks around the main crack in addition to the main crack, and the direction was the same as the main crack propagation direction. Except for a plurality of cracks, the macrostructure is uniform, and no metallurgical defect is seen. In the sample section macrostructure topography (figure 3b), the macrostructure of the sample section is uniform and consistent, and no metallurgical defect is found except the self crack defect.
The polished profile of the end face crack comprises an end face crack starting end map (figure 4a), an end face crack propagation area map (figure 4b), an end face crack propagation area map (figure 4c) and an end face crack end map (figure 4d), and the polished profile of the specimen section crack comprises a profile (figure 4e) and an end face crack end map (figure 4 f).
From the polished microstructure diagram (fig. 4), as shown in the polished morphology diagram of the end face crack in fig. 4a to 4d, a plurality of micro cracks exist near the main crack, the crack has partial deformation, and gray black granular substances exist at the micro cracks and are distributed around the micro cracks and in the extending direction of the micro cracks.
As the polished section morphology map, as shown in FIGS. 4e to 4f, the carbide distribution near the crack is uniform, the purity exceeds the level of FIG. 3 of appendix A in YB4069-91, and no abnormality is found.
The end face crack corrosion state topography comprises an end face crack initial end graph (figure 5a), an end face crack propagation end graph (figure 5b), an end face crack end graph (figure 5c), an end face crack area graph (figure 5d) and an end face crack far-away area graph (figure 5e), and the sample section corrosion state structure topography comprises a section crack edge graph (figure 5f) and a section crack far-away point graph (figure 5 g).
As can be seen from the corrosion microstructure (FIG. 5), as shown in the corrosion morphology of the end face crack, FIGS. 5a to 5e show that the grain size of the structure near the crack is not significantly different from that of the structure far away from the crack, and is approximately 8.5 grade. No overheating and overburning are seen.
As shown in the texture topography of the sample cut surface in the corrosion state, the grain sizes of the texture near the crack and the texture far away from the crack have no obvious difference and are approximately 8 grades. No overheating and overburning are seen.
The energy spectrum analysis process is as follows:
according to the microstructure and energy spectrum results, the phenomenon of aggregation of grey black granular substances exists around the cracks of the end face structure of the forge piece, the element analysis result is shown in table 1, and the grey black granules mainly comprise Ti and O elements. As can be seen from the data, the oxide formed by Ti and O is the main oxide generated by the oxidation of the high temperature alloy.
In the forging process, because the force direction is exerted for the axial in the forging, lead to the major tensile stress of forging excircle surface bearing for the crackle is along forging axial extension and fracture, and form overload fracture appearance: the part of the interior of the crack close to the outer surface is smooth and is an irradiation area formed by overload fracture; the fracture surface close to the bottom of the crack is rough, forms an included angle of about 45 degrees with the outer surface of the forging piece, and is a shearing lip area formed by overload fracture.
The oxides of the forging end faces may be present as pinch flaws prior to forging.
TABLE 1 energy Spectrum results
The energy spectrum results show that: the gray black particles are mainly composed of Ti and O elements.
The tests show that the main reason of the forge piece cracking is that the end face of the forge piece has clamping damage, the forge piece is not completely removed before forging, and stress concentration is generated at the position in the forging process, so that the forge piece cracks.
Claims (6)
1. The method for detecting the defects of the GH4133 alloy forging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, macroscopic tissue analysis;
step 2, microscopic structure analysis;
and 3, analyzing the components of the microstructure.
2. The GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1.1, selecting one end face of a forge piece and a sample section, carrying out acid liquid cleaning after grinding a low-power sample, observing defects under a 10X magnifying lens, and shooting an end face low-power tissue topography map and a sample section low-power tissue topography map;
and 1.2, comparing the sectional macroscopic structure topography map of the sample with the sectional macroscopic structure topography map of the end face by taking the sectional macroscopic structure topography map of the end face as a reference, wherein if other abnormal defects exist near the defects, the defects are caused by the abnormal defects, and otherwise, performing the step 2.
3. The GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method of claim 2, wherein the CuSO in the acid solution of step 1.14·5H2O：H2SO4: the HCl molar ratio is 10-20 g: 300-400 ml: 450 to 500 ml.
4. The GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, selecting a sample end face and a sample section to carry out high-power tissue observation, and after grinding and polishing, shooting under a high-power electron microscope to obtain an end face crack polished morphology and a sample section crack polished morphology;
step 2.2, comparing the polished morphology of the end surface cracks with the high-power tissue morphology of the end surface by taking the polished morphology of the end surface cracks as a reference, wherein if no other abnormal defects exist near the defects and the content of non-metallic inclusions near the defects exceeds a standard requirement, the defects are cracks caused by the fact that the content of the non-metallic inclusions exceeds a standard, otherwise, the step 2.3 is carried out;
step 2.3, comparing the polished morphology of the crack of the sample section with the high-power tissue morphology of the end face by taking the polished morphology of the crack of the end face as a reference, wherein if the purity exceeds the standard of YB4069-91, the defect is caused by impurity sintering; otherwise, performing the step 2.4;
2.4, corroding the sample by using a corrosive liquid, observing the high-power tissue, and shooting under a high-power electron microscope to obtain an end surface crack corrosion state morphology graph and a sample section corrosion state tissue morphology graph;
and 2.5, comparing the end surface crack corrosion state topography with the end surface high-power structure topography by taking the end surface crack corrosion state topography as a reference, wherein if the crystal grains are coarse, the defect forming reason is caused by overheating and overburning, otherwise, the step 3 is carried out.
5. The method for detecting the defects of the GH4133 alloy forging of claim 4, wherein the CuCl in the corrosive liquid of the step 2.32: HCl: 3-7 g of alcohol: 70-130 ml: 80-120 ml.
6. The GH4133 alloy forging defect detection method according to claim 4, wherein the step 3 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, performing energy spectrum analysis on the high-power tissue, and performing energy spectrum analysis on granular substances around the cracks of the end face tissue of the forge piece;
step 3.2, analyzing the main element composition of the granular substances, and judging whether the defects are caused by overload fracture according to the component analysis result;
3.3, if the granular substances mainly comprise Ti and O elements, the defects are caused by the cracking of the forged piece due to stress concentration of clamping damage on the end face of the forged piece; otherwise, it is not.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114002117A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-01 | 中国航发贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | Detection method for low-power grain size of turbine disk forging |
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| CN111929256A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-13 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Method for detecting inner wall cracks of forged piece after cross-shaped inner hole overlaying welding and judging reasons |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111850563A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Rapid detection method for surface structure of nickel-based superalloy forging and high-power structure corrosion liquid |
| CN111929256A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-13 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Method for detecting inner wall cracks of forged piece after cross-shaped inner hole overlaying welding and judging reasons |
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| CN114002117A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-01 | 中国航发贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | Detection method for low-power grain size of turbine disk forging |
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