CN113063397A - Tunnel cave wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method - Google Patents
Tunnel cave wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113063397A CN113063397A CN202110318613.XA CN202110318613A CN113063397A CN 113063397 A CN113063397 A CN 113063397A CN 202110318613 A CN202110318613 A CN 202110318613A CN 113063397 A CN113063397 A CN 113063397A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C1/00—Measuring angles
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical testing, in particular to a tunnel cave wall joint structure surface attitude measurement method, which comprises the following measurement steps: establishing an orthogonal coordinate system by taking the position of a measuring station as an origin O, taking an azimuth angle of 0 degrees as the positive direction of a y axis, taking an azimuth angle of 90 degrees as the positive direction of an x axis and taking the vertical direction as the positive direction of a z axis; measuring a horizontal angle, an azimuth angle and an inclination angle of the tunneling direction of the tunnel; selecting at least three feature points which are not on the same straight line on the structural surface trace, and respectively measuring the distance from the origin O to each feature point and the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle and the inclination angle of the connecting line of the origin and each feature point; and step four, calculating the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle, the inclination angle and the distance of any three points measured in the step three to obtain the attitude information of the structural plane. When the method is used for measuring the tunnel bending section, the coordinate system does not need to be reestablished again, and the measurement calculation can be directly carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock-soil mechanical testing, in particular to a tunnel cave wall joint structure surface attitude measurement method.
Background
The method for carrying out sketch and structural plane statistics on the geological phenomena exposed on the tunnel wall in the tunneling process is an important method for researching and judging the surrounding rock condition of the tunnel, and is a main means for knowing the tunnel geology, the surrounding rock and the stress condition. The traditional sketch usually records the joint quantity and carries out occurrence measurement on a structural surface through manual work, the joint surface is usually extended in a curve form on the tunnel wall after tunnel excavation, a planar structure for direct measurement is not available, therefore, the occurrence of the joint surface or the structural surface is measured in a tunnel, the space position of the joint surface or the structural surface is judged only through a joint trace line or a structural surface trace line extended on the tunnel wall, and the space characteristic of the structural surface is measured through a compass.
The traditional measurement means is mainly that manual hand-held compass measures on the spot, and is inefficient, and the amount of labour is big, and it is great to receive the place environment influence, measures the risk when face country rock condition is poor moreover too high. In other methods for measuring by using a total station, a coordinate system which takes the tunnel axial direction as an x axis, the transverse direction as a y axis and the vertical direction as a z axis is mainly established, and calculation and derivation are carried out by utilizing a direction angle, a direction cosine and a trigonometric function according to coordinates of milepost numbers, stations and measuring points, so as to obtain the inclination and the dip angle of the structural plane. The method is too complex in actual operation, and particularly when the curved section of the tunnel is measured, the method is often required to be readjusted to establish a new coordinate system, which is not beneficial to rapidly mapping the occurrence of the structural plane.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the tunnel wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method, which can directly carry out measurement calculation without reestablishing a coordinate system again when measuring the tunnel bending section.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a tunnel cave wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method comprises the following measuring steps:
establishing an orthogonal coordinate system by taking the position of a measuring station as an original point O, taking an azimuth angle of 0 degrees as the positive direction of a y axis, taking an azimuth angle of 90 degrees as the positive direction of an x axis and taking the vertical direction as the positive direction of a z axis;
measuring a horizontal angle, an azimuth angle and an inclination angle of the tunneling direction of the tunnel;
selecting at least three feature points which are not on the same straight line on the structural surface trace, and respectively measuring the distance from the origin O to each feature point and the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle and the inclination angle of the connecting line of the origin and each feature point;
and step four, calculating the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle, the inclination angle and the distance of any three characteristic points measured in the step three to obtain the attitude information of the structural plane.
Under the condition that the geomagnetic field is not interfered, the calculation processing process of the step four is as follows:
let the three selected feature points be P respectively1、P2、P3；
From the origin O to the point P1A distance of (a), the origin O and the point P1Connected straight line OP of1Has a horizontal angle of alpha1Azimuthal angle of beta1The angle of inclination being gamma1；
From the origin O to the point P2A distance of b, the origin O and the point P2Connected straight line OP of2Has a horizontal angle of alpha2Azimuthal angle of beta2The angle of inclination being gamma2；
From the origin O to the point P3C, the origin O and the point P3Connected straight line OP of3Has a horizontal angle of alpha3Azimuthal angle of beta3The angle of inclination being gamma3；
A three-point structural surface equation is thus obtained:
arranging to obtain the structural surfaceThe equation is A (x-x)1)+B(y-y1)+C(z-z1)＝0
Then the normal vector N of the structural plane is equal to (A, B, C);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the structural surface inclination angle phi is calculated as follows:
an acute angle is formed between the structural plane and the xOy plane, and a normal vector Z of the xOy plane is (0, 0, 1); then the inclination angle phi of the structural plane is arc cmos (| N · Z |/| N | -) Z |;
the structural plane tendency g is calculated as follows:
taking a normal vector n of the structural surface,
n in the xOy plane projection n ═ (a, B, 0)
Taking the positive Y-axis vector Y ═ 0, 1, 0)
ω＝arccos(n’·Y/∣n’∣·∣Y∣)
Tendency of structural surface g
The trajectory line equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction is as follows:
wherein e is1The horizontal distance between the measuring station position and the central axis of the tunnel or the horizontal distance between the measuring station position and the central point of the circular arc profile of the tunnel is measured, and the measuring station is positioned on the left side of the central axis e1Taking the positive value, when the survey station is at the right side of the central axis e1Take a negative value, e2Is the vertical distance from the measuring station position to the center point of the tunnel arc profile, e when the measuring station is below the central axis2Taking the positive value, when the survey station is above the central axis e2Taking a negative value.
Under the condition that the local magnetic field is interfered by a magnetic stratum, the azimuth angle influenced and measured by the magnetic field of the surrounding rock needs to be corrected through the tunneling direction, the tunneling azimuth angle is set to be theta, the tunneling azimuth angle influenced and measured by the magnetic surrounding rock is set to be theta ', delta is set to be theta-theta', wherein delta is the magnetic declination angle of the area and can be obtained through inquiring according to topographic map information of the area, and the calculation processing process of the step four comprises the following steps:
let the three selected feature points be P respectively1、P2、P3；
From the origin O to the point P1、P2、P3The distances of (a) to (c) are a, b and c respectively;
straight line OP1The uncorrected azimuth angle measured by the compass is beta1', straight line OP2The uncorrected azimuth angle measured by the compass is beta2', straight line OP3The uncorrected azimuth angle measured by the compass is beta3’；
Straight line OP1Is at an inclination angle of gamma1Straight line OP2Is at an inclination angle of gamma2Straight line OP3Is at an inclination angle of gamma3；
From this, the structural surface equation can be obtained:
the formula of the structural surface is A (x-x1) + B (y-y1) + C (z-z1) ═ 0
Then the structural plane normal vector: n ═ (a, B, C) wherein
The structural surface inclination angle phi is calculated as follows:
an acute angle is formed between the structural plane and the xOy plane, and a normal vector Z of the xOy plane is (0, 0, 1);
then the inclination angle phi of the structural plane is arc cmos (| N · Z |/| N | -) Z |;
structural surface tendency calculation g is as follows:
taking a normal vector n of the structural surface,
n in the xOy plane projection n ═ (a, B, 0)
Taking the positive Y-axis vector Y ═ 0, 1, 0)
ω＝arccos(n’·Y/∣n’∣·∣Y∣)
Structural surface tendency g
The trajectory line equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction is as follows:
wherein e is1The horizontal distance between the measuring station position and the central axis of the tunnel or the horizontal distance between the measuring station position and the central point of the circular arc profile of the tunnel is measured, and the measuring station position is on the left side of the central axis e1Taking a positive value, when the measuring station is positioned at the right side of the central axis e1Take a negative value, e2Is the vertical distance from the measuring station position to the center point of the tunnel arc profile, e when the measuring station position is below the central axis2Taking a positive value, when the measuring station is above the central axis e2Taking a negative value.
Wherein, before step one, place the tripod earlier, then install the measuring apparatu on the tripod, adjust tripod and measuring apparatu after that, make the bubble of the circular level ware of measuring apparatu and long level ware central, the measuring apparatu is in the horizontality.
In the second step, before measurement, a telescope of the measuring instrument is adjusted to enable the central axes of the eyepiece and the objective to be horizontal, the eyepiece points to the tunneling direction, at the moment, the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle and the inclination angle of the tunneling direction are measured, and the measuring instrument reads and records data after measurement.
In the third step, during measurement, a coarse collimation device of the measuring instrument is firstly used for aligning a target to carry out coarse collimation, then a telescope of the measuring instrument is adjusted to align with the feature points on the exposed structural plane trace in the effective measuring distance range, after the reading is stable, the horizontal angle degree, the azimuth angle degree, the inclination angle degree and the distance between the horizontal angle degree, the azimuth angle degree, the inclination angle degree and the measuring station position of the feature points are read and recorded, the steps are repeated, the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle, the inclination angle and the distance between the horizontal angle degree, the azimuth angle, the inclination angle degree and the measuring station position of at least three feature points are measured, and finally the measured data are input into a computing system to obtain a.
In the fourth step, during measurement, if the difference between the measured horizontal angle degree of the characteristic point and the measured horizontal angle degree of the tunneling direction is equal to the difference between the measured azimuth angle degree of the characteristic point and the measured azimuth angle degree of the tunneling direction, the magnetic field of surrounding rocks around the position of the measuring station is stable, and when the computing system computes and processes data, the computing system performs computing processing under the condition of no magnetic field interference;
if an error exists between the difference value of the measured horizontal angle degree of the characteristic point and the measured horizontal angle degree of the tunneling direction and the difference value of the measured azimuth angle degree of the characteristic point and the measured azimuth angle degree of the tunneling direction, the surrounding rock magnetic field around the position of the measuring station is not stable, and when the computing system computes and processes data, the computing system performs computing processing by adopting the condition that the geomagnetic field is interfered by the magnetic stratum.
When measuring a track equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction, firstly measuring the vertical distance e between the measuring instrument and the central axis of the tunnel2That is, the vertical distance between the position of the measuring station and the central axis of the tunnel is e2Then measuring the horizontal distance e between the position of the measuring station and the central axis of the tunnel1When in measurement, the horizontal distances m and n (m) from the position of the measuring station to the tunnel walls on the two sides of the tunnel are measured>n) to find e1And (m-n)/2, inputting the measured data into a computing system for computing to obtain a track equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for establishing an orthogonal coordinate system by taking a station position as an origin O, taking an azimuth angle of 0 degrees (a positive north direction N) as a positive y-axis direction, taking an azimuth angle of 90 degrees (a positive east direction E) as a positive x-axis direction and taking a vertical direction as a positive z-axis direction. The method comprises the steps of measuring the distance, the azimuth angle, the inclination angle and the horizontal angle from a characteristic point on a structural surface to a measuring station, solving a plane equation by a three-point method, further solving the inclination and the inclination angle of the structural surface, and obtaining the exposed track equation of the structural surface by the simultaneous establishment of the plane equation and a tunnel profile equation.
The method can be used for directly measuring and calculating without re-establishing a coordinate system under the general condition. And effective correction measures are also provided for the situation that the local magnetic field is disturbed by the magnetic stratum. In addition, the method can be used for checking and supplementing azimuth measurement by measuring the horizontal angle, and the accuracy of the measurement result is effectively ensured.
The method can finish the measurement work without inputting the coordinates of the measuring station under the general condition, if the accurate position coordinates of the measuring station, the measuring points and the structural surface are required to be recorded, the marking can be made at the position where the measuring station is established, the point position coordinates at the marking position are measured by selecting a machine at the later stage, and the coordinates of each measuring point can be obtained through calculation. Effectively reducing the cross operation time and improving the working efficiency. The method is fast and convenient, can carry out measurement without inputting coordinates of a measuring station, can carry out measurement while measuring, and is fast and convenient.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of establishing a coordinate system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The conception, the specific structure, and the technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features, and the effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, all the connection/connection relations referred to in the patent do not mean that the components are directly connected, but mean that a better connection structure can be formed by adding or reducing connection auxiliary components according to specific implementation conditions. All technical characteristics in the invention can be interactively combined on the premise of not conflicting with each other.
Examples
A tunnel cave wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method comprises the following measuring steps:
firstly, selecting a relatively flat field to place a tripod, then connecting and installing a measuring instrument on the tripod through a bolt, then adjusting the tripod and the measuring instrument to enable bubbles of a circular level device and a long level device of the measuring instrument to be centered, enabling the measuring instrument to be in a horizontal state, and as shown in figure 1, establishing an orthogonal coordinate system by taking the measuring position of the measuring instrument as an original point O, taking an azimuth angle of 0 degrees (namely a northward direction) as a y-axis positive direction, taking an azimuth angle of 90 degrees (namely an eastern direction) as an x-axis positive direction and taking a vertical direction as a z-axis positive direction;
step two, adjusting a telescope of the measuring instrument to enable the central axes of the ocular and the objective to be in a horizontal state, enabling the ocular to point to the tunneling direction, and measuring the horizontal angle alpha of the tunneling direction at the moment 00 ° and azimuth angle β0And the inclination angle gamma0Reading and recording data after the measurement of the measuring instrument is carried out at 0 degrees;
step three, randomly selecting at least three feature points which are not on the same straight line on the structural surface trace, and respectively measuring the distance from the origin O to each feature point and the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle and the inclination angle of the connecting line of the origin and each feature point, wherein the specific measurement steps are as follows:
firstly, a coarse aiming device of the measuring instrument is used for aligning a target for coarse aiming, at the moment, if the field light is dark, a highlight flashlight can be turned on for illuminating and indicating the target, and then a telescope of the measuring instrument is adjusted to align a characteristic point P on a trace of an exposed structural surface in an effective measuring distance range1Locking the vertical disc brake hand wheel and the base locking button, and reading and recording the horizontal angle degree alpha of the characteristic point after the reading is stable1Azimuthal angle degree beta1Inclination angle degree gamma1And the distance a between the measuring station and the measuring station position, repeating the steps, measuring the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle, the inclination angle and the distance between the measuring station position and at least three characteristic points which are not on the same straight line, and finally inputting the measured data into a computing system to obtain a structural plane equation and structural plane occurrence information;
step four, calculating and processing the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle, the inclination angle and the distance of any three characteristic points measured in the step three to obtain the attitude information of the structural plane;
specifically, during measurement, if the horizontal angle degree alpha of the characteristic point is obtained through measurement1And the measured horizontal angle degree alpha of the tunneling direction of the tunnel0The difference is equal to the azimuth angle degree beta of the measured characteristic point1And obtained by measurementAzimuth angle degree beta of tunneling direction0The difference of, i.e. alpha1-α0＝β1-β0When the data is calculated and processed by the calculation system, the calculation processing is carried out by adopting the condition without magnetic field interference;
if the measured horizontal angle degree alpha of the characteristic point is obtained1And the measured horizontal angle degree alpha of the tunneling direction of the tunnel0And the measured azimuth angle degree beta of the characteristic point1The azimuth angle degree beta of the tunneling direction obtained by measurement0If a large error exists between the difference values, the situation that the surrounding rock magnetic field around the measuring station is unstable is shown, and when the computing system computes and processes data, the computing system performs computing processing by adopting the situation that the earth magnetic field is interfered by the magnetic stratum.
When measuring a track equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction, firstly measuring the vertical distance e between the measuring instrument and the central axis of the tunnel2That is, the vertical distance between the position of the measuring station and the central axis of the tunnel is e2Then measuring the horizontal distance e between the position of the measuring station and the central axis of the tunnel1When in measurement, the horizontal distances m and n (m) from the position of the measuring station to the tunnel walls on the two sides of the tunnel are measured>n) to find e1And (m-n)/2, inputting the measured data into a computing system for computing to obtain a track equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction.
Specifically, when measuring horizontal distance m and n from the survey station position to the tunnel both sides hole wall, keep telescope axis inclination degree to be 0, then the horizontal rotation telescope, the survey station position that reads when the pivoted horizontal angle degree is 90 earlier reaches the horizontal distance of tunnel both sides hole wall, the survey station position that reads when the pivoted horizontal angle degree is 270 again reaches the horizontal distance of tunnel both sides hole wall, through the horizontal distance of survey station position to tunnel both sides wall when measuring different horizontal angle degrees, twice measurement is favorable to improving measurement accuracy, reduce measuring error.
Wherein, under the condition that the local magnetic field is not interfered, the calculation processing procedure of the step four is as follows:
let the three selected feature points be P respectively1、P2、P3；
From the origin O to the point P1A distance of (a), the origin O and the point P1Straight line OP1Has a horizontal angle of alpha1Azimuthal angle of beta1The angle of inclination being gamma1；
From the origin O to the point P2A distance of b, the origin O and the point P2Straight line OP2Has a horizontal angle of alpha2Azimuthal angle of beta2The angle of inclination being gamma2；
From the origin O to the point P3C, the origin O and the point P3Straight line OP3Has a horizontal angle of alpha3Azimuthal angle of beta3The angle of inclination being gamma3；
A three-point structural surface equation is thus obtained:
or
The structural surface equation is obtained by arrangement and is A (x-x)1)+B(y-y1)+C(z-z1)＝0
Then the normal vector N of the structural plane is equal to (A, B, C);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the structural surface inclination angle phi is calculated as follows:
an acute angle is formed between the structural plane and the xOy plane, and a normal vector Z of the xOy plane is (0, 0, 1);
then the inclination angle phi of the structural plane is arc cmos (| N · Z |/| N | -) Z |;
the structural plane tendency g is calculated as follows:
taking a normal vector n of the structural surface,
n in the xOy plane projection n ═ (a, B, 0)
Taking the positive Y-axis vector Y ═ 0, 1, 0)
ω＝arccos(n’·Y/∣n’∣·∣Y∣)
Tendency of structural surface g
The trajectory line equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction is as follows:
wherein e is1Is the horizontal distance between the survey station position and the central axis of the tunnel, e2Is the height of the station location.
Under the condition that the local magnetic field is interfered by a magnetic stratum, the azimuth angle influenced and measured by the magnetic field of the surrounding rock needs to be corrected through the tunneling direction, the tunneling azimuth angle is set to be theta, the tunneling azimuth angle influenced and measured by the magnetic surrounding rock is set to be theta ', delta is set to be theta-theta', wherein delta is the magnetic declination angle of the area and can be obtained through inquiring according to topographic map information of the area, and the calculation processing process of the step four comprises the following steps:
let the three selected points be P respectively1、P2、P3；
From the origin O to the point P1、P2、P3The distances of (a) to (c) are a, b and c respectively;
straight line OP1The uncorrected azimuth angle measured by the compass is beta1', straight line OP2The uncorrected azimuth angle measured by the compass is beta2', straight line OP3The uncorrected azimuth angle measured by the compass is beta3’；
Straight line OP1Is at an inclination angle of gamma1Straight line OP2Is at an inclination angle of gamma2Straight line OP3Is at an inclination angle of gamma3；
From this, the structural surface equation can be obtained:
the structural surface equation is obtained by arrangement and is A (x-x)1)+B(y-y1)+C(z-z1)＝0
Then the structural plane normal vector: n ═ (a, B, C) wherein
The structural surface inclination angle phi is calculated as follows:
an acute angle is formed between the structural plane and the xOy plane, and a normal vector Z of the xOy plane is (0, 0, 1);
then the inclination angle phi of the structural plane is arc cmos (| N · Z |/| N | -) Z |;
structural surface tendency calculation g is as follows:
taking a normal vector n of the structural surface,
n in the xOy plane projection n ═ (a, B, 0)
Taking the positive Y-axis vector Y ═ 0, 1, 0)
ω＝arccos(n’·Y/∣n’∣·∣Y∣)
Structural surface tendency g
The trajectory line equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction is as follows:
wherein e is1The horizontal distance between the measuring station position and the central axis of the tunnel or the horizontal distance between the measuring station position and the central point of the circular arc profile of the tunnel is measured, and the measuring station is positioned on the left side of the central axis e1Taking the positive value, when the survey station is at the right side of the central axis e1Take a negative value, e2Is the vertical distance from the measuring station position to the center point of the tunnel arc profile, e when the measuring station is below the central axis2Taking the positive value, when the survey station is above the central axis e2Taking a negative value.
The invention provides a method for establishing an orthogonal coordinate system by taking a station position as an origin O, taking an azimuth angle of 0 degrees (a positive north direction N) as a positive y-axis direction, taking an azimuth angle of 90 degrees (a positive east direction E) as a positive x-axis direction and taking a vertical direction as a positive z-axis direction. The method comprises the steps of measuring the distance, the azimuth angle, the inclination angle and the horizontal angle from a characteristic point on a structural surface to a measuring station, solving a plane equation by a three-point method, further solving the inclination and the inclination angle of the structural surface, and obtaining the exposed track equation of the structural surface by the simultaneous establishment of the plane equation and a tunnel profile equation.
The method can be used for directly measuring and calculating without re-establishing a coordinate system under the general condition. And effective correction measures are also provided for the situation that the local magnetic field is disturbed by the magnetic stratum. In addition, the method can be used for checking and supplementing azimuth measurement by measuring the horizontal angle, and the accuracy of the measurement result is effectively ensured.
The method can finish the measurement work without inputting the coordinates of the measuring station under the general condition, if the accurate position coordinates of the measuring station, the measuring points and the structural surface are required to be recorded, the marking can be made at the position where the measuring station is established, the point position coordinates at the marking position are measured by selecting a machine at the later stage, and the coordinates of each measuring point can be obtained through calculation. Effectively reducing the cross operation time and improving the working efficiency. The method is fast and convenient, can carry out measurement without inputting coordinates of a measuring station, can carry out measurement while measuring, and is fast and convenient.
The equation listed in the invention takes a tunnel with a circular outline as an example, when the section of the tunnel is in other shapes, the equation of the corresponding tunnel outline section and the equation of the structural surface are selected for simultaneous calculation according to the shape of the section of the tunnel at the position of the target point.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A tunnel cave wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following measurement steps:
establishing an orthogonal coordinate system by taking the position of a measuring station as an origin O, taking an azimuth angle of 0 degrees as the positive direction of a y axis, taking an azimuth angle of 90 degrees as the positive direction of an x axis and taking the vertical direction as the positive direction of a z axis;
measuring a horizontal angle, an azimuth angle and an inclination angle of the tunneling direction of the tunnel;
selecting at least three feature points which are not on the same straight line on the structural surface trace, and respectively measuring the distance from the origin O to each feature point and the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle and the inclination angle of the connecting line of the origin and each feature point;
and step four, calculating the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle, the inclination angle and the distance of any three characteristic points measured in the step three to obtain the attitude information of the structural plane.
2. The tunnel cave wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: under the condition that the geomagnetic field is not interfered, the calculation processing procedure of the step four is as follows:
let the three selected feature points be P respectively1、P2、P3；
From the origin O to the point P1A distance of (a), the origin O and the point P1Connected straight line OP of1Has a horizontal angle of alpha1Azimuthal angle of beta1The angle of inclination being gamma1；
From the origin O to the point P2A distance of b, the origin O and the point P2Connected straight line OP of2Has a horizontal angle of alpha2Azimuthal angle of beta2The angle of inclination being gamma2；
From the origin O to the point P3C, the origin O and the point P3Connected straight line OP of3Has a horizontal angle of alpha3Azimuthal angle of beta3The angle of inclination being gamma3；
A three-point structural surface equation is thus obtained:
the structural surface equation is obtained by arrangement and is A (x-x)1)+B(y-y1)+C(z-z1)＝0
Then the normal vector N of the structural plane is equal to (A, B, C);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the structural surface inclination angle phi is calculated as follows:
an acute angle is formed between the structural plane and the xOy plane, and a normal vector Z of the xOy plane is (0, 0, 1);
then the inclination angle phi of the structural plane is arc cmos (| N · Z |/| N | -) Z |;
the structural plane tendency g is calculated as follows:
taking a normal vector n of the structural surface,
n in the xOy plane projection n ═ (a, B, 0)
Taking the positive Y-axis vector Y ═ 0, 1, 0)
ω＝arccos(n’·Y/∣n’∣·∣Y∣)
Tendency of structural surface g
The trajectory line equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction is as follows:
wherein e is1Is the horizontal distance between the survey station position and the central axis of the tunnel, e2Is the height of the station location.
3. The tunnel cave wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: under the condition that the local magnetic field is interfered by a magnetic stratum, the azimuth angle influenced and measured by the magnetic field of the surrounding rock needs to be corrected through the tunneling direction, the tunneling azimuth angle is set to be theta, the tunneling azimuth angle interfered and measured by the magnetic surrounding rock is set to be theta ', delta is set to be theta-theta', wherein delta is the magnetic declination of the area, and can be obtained through inquiring according to topographic map data of the area, and the calculation processing process of the step four comprises the following steps:
let the three selected feature points be P respectively1、P2、P3；
From the origin O to the point P1、P2、P3The distances of (a) to (c) are a, b and c respectively;
straight line OP1The uncorrected azimuth angle measured by the compass is beta1', straight line OP2The uncorrected azimuth angle measured by the compass is beta2', straight line OP3The uncorrected azimuth angle measured by the compass is beta3’；
Straight line OP1Is at an inclination angle of gamma1Straight line OP2Is at an inclination angle of gamma2Straight line OP3Is at an inclination angle of gamma3；
From this, the structural surface equation can be obtained:
the formula of the structural surface is A (x-x1) + B (y-y1) + C (z-z1) ═ 0
Then the structural plane normal vector: n ═ (a, B, C) wherein
The structural surface inclination angle phi is calculated as follows:
an acute angle is formed between the structural plane and the xOy plane, and a normal vector Z of the xOy plane is (0, 0, 1);
then the inclination angle phi of the structural plane is arc cmos (| N · Z |/| N | -) Z |;
structural surface tendency calculation g is as follows:
taking a normal vector n of the structural surface,
n in the xOy plane projection n ═ (a, B, 0)
Taking the positive Y-axis vector Y ═ 0, 1, 0)
ω＝arccos(n’·Y/∣n’∣·∣Y∣)
Structural surface tendency g
The trajectory line equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction is as follows:
wherein e is1The horizontal distance between the measuring station position and the central axis of the tunnel or the horizontal distance between the measuring station position and the central point of the circular arc profile of the tunnel is measured, and the measuring station is positioned on the left side of the central axis e1Taking the positive value, when the survey station is at the right side of the central axis e1Take a negative value, e2Is the vertical distance from the measuring station position to the center point of the tunnel arc profile, e when the measuring station is below the central axis2Taking the positive value, when the survey station is above the central axis e2Taking a negative value.
4. The tunnel cave wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: before the step one, firstly, a tripod is placed, then the measuring instrument is installed on the tripod, then the tripod and the measuring instrument are adjusted, so that bubbles of a circular level and a long level of the measuring instrument are centered, and the measuring instrument is in a horizontal state.
5. The method for measuring the attitude of the joint structural plane of the tunnel cave wall according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, before measurement, a telescope of the measuring instrument is adjusted to enable the central axes of the ocular lens and the objective lens to be horizontal, the ocular lens points to the tunneling direction, at the moment, the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle and the inclination angle of the tunneling direction are measured, and the measuring instrument reads and records data after measurement.
6. The tunnel cave wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, during measurement, a coarse aiming device of the measuring instrument is firstly used for aligning a target to carry out coarse aiming, then a telescope of the measuring instrument is adjusted to align the feature points on the exposed structure surface trace in the effective measuring distance range, after the reading is stable, the horizontal angle degree, the azimuth angle degree, the inclination angle degree and the distance between the horizontal angle degree, the azimuth angle degree, the inclination angle degree and the measuring station position of the feature points are read and recorded, the steps are repeated, the horizontal angle, the azimuth angle, the inclination angle and the distance between the horizontal angle degree, the azimuth angle degree, the inclination angle degree and the measuring station position of at least three feature points are measured, and finally the measured data are input into a computing system to.
7. The method for measuring the attitude of the joint structural plane of the tunnel cave wall according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, during measurement, if the difference between the measured horizontal angle degree of the characteristic point and the measured horizontal angle degree of the tunneling direction is equal to the difference between the measured azimuth angle degree of the characteristic point and the measured azimuth angle degree of the tunneling direction, the magnetic field of surrounding rocks around the position of the measuring station is stable, and when the computing system computes and processes data, the computing system performs computing processing under the condition of no magnetic field interference;
if an error exists between the difference value of the measured horizontal angle degree of the characteristic point and the measured horizontal angle degree of the tunneling direction and the difference value of the measured azimuth angle degree of the characteristic point and the measured azimuth angle degree of the tunneling direction, the surrounding rock magnetic field around the position of the measuring station is not stable, and when the computing system computes and processes data, the computing system performs computing processing by adopting the condition that the geomagnetic field is interfered by the magnetic stratum.
8. The tunnel cave wall joint structural plane attitude measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when measuring the track equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction, firstly measuring the vertical distance e of the measuring instrument from the central axis of the tunnel2That is, the vertical distance between the position of the measuring station and the central axis of the tunnel is e2Then measuring the horizontal distance e between the position of the measuring station and the central axis of the tunnel1When in measurement, the horizontal distances m and n (m) from the position of the measuring station to the tunnel walls on the two sides of the tunnel are measured>n) to find e1And (m-n)/2, inputting the measured data into a computing system for computing to obtain a track equation of the structure extending towards the tunneling direction.
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