CN113062936A - Safety rope brake based on shear thickening fluid and braking method - Google Patents
Safety rope brake based on shear thickening fluid and braking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113062936A CN113062936A CN202110337533.9A CN202110337533A CN113062936A CN 113062936 A CN113062936 A CN 113062936A CN 202110337533 A CN202110337533 A CN 202110337533A CN 113062936 A CN113062936 A CN 113062936A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D57/00—Liquid-resistance brakes; Brakes using the internal friction of fluids or fluid-like media, e.g. powders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D59/00—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a safety rope brake based on shear thickening fluid and a braking method, belonging to the technical field of passive braking; comprises a base, a cavity wall, a piston, a bolt, an inner wall, shear thickening fluid, a central shaft disc, a spring, a sealing ring and a cover; the cavity formed by fixedly mounting the cavity wall and the base is filled with shear thickening liquid, a blind hole is formed in the end face of the piston head of the piston and sleeved on the central shaft of the base, and the spring is sleeved on the piston rod; and a plurality of through holes are arranged on the central shaft disc of the central shaft and the inner wall of the base. The base is fixed on the safety rope connector or the tying rope bobbin core, and the end of the piston rod penetrates through the cavity wall to be fixedly connected with the root of the safety rope. The invention has passive braking function, firstly, the damping force generated by the piston compression spring is used for preliminary buffering, and then the shear thickening fluid can realize braking according to the change of the moving speed of the piston; the damping force of the spring is combined with the solidification and braking of the shear thickening fluid, so that the reliability of the safety rope is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of passive braking, and particularly relates to a safety rope brake based on shear thickening fluid and a braking method.
Background
The safety rope is a protective article for preventing the falling of the high-altitude operation personnel. Safety ropes are generally rated in terms of strength for two strength indicators, namely tensile strength and impact strength. The national standards require that the tensile strength (ultimate tensile force) of the safety belt and the string members thereof must be greater than the longitudinal tensile force caused by the weight of the human body in the falling direction. Because the greater the height of the fall, the greater the impact force experienced, the two basic conditions that must be met by the safety line are: (1) must have sufficient strength to withstand the impact force of a human body when dropped. (2) Can prevent human body from falling to a certain limit which can cause injury; this condition is explained again that, when a person falls from a high place to a low place, if the person is pulled by a rope, the person will die because the internal organs of the person are damaged by too much impact force.
The traditional safety rope is woven by synthetic fibers and used for protecting personnel and articles which are likely to fall, and the traditional safety rope mainly depends on the tensile strength of the rope and the connection strength between the safety rope and a connector or a tether spool core; because the speed of the falling object or human body tied at the rope end is influenced by gravity is very fast, the pulling force generated on the connector or the tied rope bobbin core when the safety rope is completely unfolded is also very large, and instant impact force can be generated. The safety of falling objects or human bodies cannot be fully guaranteed.
The shear thickening fluid is an intelligent material, the viscosity of the shear thickening fluid can change along with the shear rate, after the fluid bears a certain shear rate, the viscosity of the fluid can be suddenly and greatly increased, the fluid is changed from a liquid phase to a solid phase in a short time, namely, the shear thickening behavior is generated, the change is reversible, and after the borne shear rate is cancelled, the fluid can be recovered from the solid phase to the liquid phase. The material is applied to the buffering of the safety rope, so that the novel characteristics of passive braking and phase change energy absorption are provided for the safety rope, and the safety is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a safety rope brake based on shear thickening fluid and a braking method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a safety rope brake based on shear thickening fluid, its characterized in that: comprises a base, a cavity wall, a piston, a bolt, an inner wall, shear thickening fluid, a central shaft disc, a spring, a sealing ring and a cover; the cavity wall is of a sleeve structure with one closed end, the peripheral surfaces of the closed end and the open end of the cavity wall are provided with flange plates, and the center of the closed end is provided with a through hole;
the base is coaxially and fixedly connected with a flange plate at the opening end of the cavity wall through a bolt, and a cavity formed by the cavity wall and the base is filled with shear thickening liquid; the end surface of one side of the base facing the cavity wall is coaxially provided with an inner wall and a central shaft of a circular ring structure; the outer diameter of the inner wall is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity wall, the axial height of the inner wall is smaller than the axial height of the cavity wall, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the circumferential surface, close to the base, of the inner wall; an annular boss is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of one end of the central shaft close to the base and serves as a central shaft disc, and a plurality of holes are formed in the end surface of the central shaft disc along the circumferential direction; the outer end face of the base is fixed with the safety rope connector or the tying rope bobbin core;
the piston head of the piston is of a disc structure, and the piston rod is an optical axis vertically arranged at the center of the end face of the disc; the disc is coaxially arranged in the inner wall of the base, a blind hole is formed in the center of the outer end face of the disc, and the blind hole is coaxially sleeved on a central shaft of the base and is in clearance fit with the central shaft; the end of the piston rod penetrates through the through hole at the closed end of the cavity wall and is fixedly connected with the root of the safety rope;
the spring is coaxially sleeved on the piston rod and is positioned between the disc and the inner bottom surface of the cavity wall;
the cover is a circular plate provided with a central hole and is fixed with the flange plate at the closed end of the cavity wall through a bolt, and the central hole of the cover is provided with an annular groove at one side of the cavity wall and used for placing a sealing ring to realize the motion sealing of the piston rod.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the bearing capacity of the brake is calculated by using a Newton viscous flow experimental formula to obtain:
where μ is the fluid viscosity, A is the area of the two interfaces that create the flow velocity difference, and v/h is the velocity gradient, i.e., shear rate.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the diameter of the central shaft is 6mm, the outer diameter of a piston rod of the piston is 12mm, and the length of the central shaft is 130 mm; the inner diameter of the inner wall is 60mm, the outer diameter of the inner wall is 66mm, the outer diameter of the piston head is 56mm, and the inner diameter of the cavity wall is 80 mm; the viscosity mu of the shear thickening fluid is 300 Pa.s, and the shear rate is 10s-1(ii) a Calculating the side area A of the central axis of the piston1＝0.0049m3Inner wall side area A2＝0.0245m3And the bearing force of the brake is 88N.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the base is connected with the safety rope connector through a locking hook.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a pair of lugs is arranged on the outer end face of the base and hinged with the shaft core of the tether line shaft through a shaft.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the end of the piston rod is provided with a through hole, and the root of the safety rope passes through the reuse rope clamp for fastening.
A braking method of a safety rope brake based on shear thickening fluid is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: when the safety rope is completely unfolded, the root part is subjected to impact force, and the piston rod is pulled by the impact force;
step two: the piston rod drives the piston to move axially and compress the spring, and the spring generates damping force on the piston;
step three: along with the axial movement of the piston, the shear thickening liquid flows in the cavity under the pushing of the piston, the shear thickening liquid pushed by the piston is subjected to a shearing action between the central shaft and the inner wall, and meanwhile, the liquid flowing between the inner wall and the cavity is also subjected to the shearing action; finally, the water flows through the holes of the inner wall and the central shaft disc and is also subjected to shearing action; the shear thickening liquid of each part is sheared, the viscosity is gradually increased until solidification, and resistance is generated to finish the braking process.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the safety rope brake is simple and reliable in structure, and the main functional components of the safety rope brake are only the cavity wall, the base, the cover and the piston. The piston can be directly sleeved on the central shaft of the base, so that the assembly difficulty is greatly reduced.
2. The invention has passive braking function, and adopts the brake with damping function to replace the rigid connection between the safety rope and the connector or the tied rope bobbin core in the prior art, thus relieving the impact force when the safety rope is unfolded and protecting the safety of objects falling from the rope end or human bodies. The brake firstly performs primary buffering through damping force generated by a piston compression spring, and then the shear thickening fluid can play a corresponding braking effect according to the change of the moving speed of the piston; the damping force of the spring and the solidification and braking of the shear thickening fluid are combined for use, so that the safety and the reliability of the safety rope are enhanced.
3. The damping force of the invention is not only larger but also rapid, the output mode of the shear thickening brake is that the solution between the device walls is shear thickened and solidified, when the piston pushes the liquid to move, the liquid between the inner wall and the cavity wall and the liquid at the small hole of the inner wall are also sheared, different thickening effects are provided under different movement speeds of the piston, and the invention is different from the traditional safety rope which bears energy and force purely by depending on fibers. The invention has short reaction time of the relaxation after the braking and the braking are finished, absorbs energy through liquid phase change and bears the tensile force brought by the rope, and reduces the condition that the safety rope is broken or separated from the connector.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a base, a cavity wall 2, a piston 3, a bolt 4, an inner wall 5, shear thickening fluid 6, a central shaft 7, a central shaft disc 8, a hole 9, a spring 10, a sealing ring 11 and a cover 12.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention comprises a base 1, a cavity wall 2, a piston 3, a bolt 4, an inner wall 5, shear thickening fluid 6, a central shaft 7, a central shaft disc 8, a small hole 9, a spring 10, a sealing ring 11 and a cover 12; the cavity wall 2 is of a sleeve structure with one closed end, the peripheral surfaces of the closed end and the open end of the cavity wall are provided with flange plates, and the center of the closed end is provided with a through hole;
the base 1 is coaxially and fixedly connected with a flange plate at the opening end of the cavity wall 2 through bolts, and a cavity formed by the cavity wall 2 and the base 1 is filled with shear thickening liquid 6; the end surface of one side of the base 1 facing the cavity wall 2 is coaxially provided with an inner wall 5 and a central shaft 7 which are of a circular ring structure; the outer diameter of the inner wall 5 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity wall 2, the axial height is smaller than the axial height in the cavity wall 2, and a plurality of through holes 9 are formed in the circumferential surface, close to the base 1, of the inner wall 5; an annular boss is arranged on the peripheral surface of one end of the central shaft 7 close to the base 1 and is used as a central shaft disc 8, and a plurality of holes 9 are formed in the end surface of the central shaft disc 8 along the circumferential direction; the outer end face of the base 1 is fixed with a safety rope connector or a tether line bobbin core;
the piston head of the piston 3 is of a disc structure, and the piston rod is an optical axis vertically arranged at the center of the end face of the disc; the disc is coaxially arranged in the inner wall 5, a blind hole is formed in the center of the outer end face of the disc, and the blind hole is coaxially sleeved on a central shaft 7 of the base 1 and is in clearance fit with the central shaft; the end of the piston rod penetrates through the through hole at the closed end of the cavity wall 2, a radial through hole is formed in the end of the piston rod, the root of the safety rope penetrates through the through hole, and the piston rod is fixedly connected with the through hole through a rope clamp; the spring 10 is coaxially sleeved on the piston rod and is positioned between the disc and the inner bottom surface of the cavity wall 2; the cover 12 is a circular plate with a central hole, and is fixed with the flange plate at the closed end of the cavity wall 2 through a bolt 4, and the central hole is provided with an annular groove at one side of the cavity wall 2 and used for placing a sealing ring 11 to realize the motion sealing of the piston rod.
When the safety rope drives the piston to move relative to the whole cavity, the shear thickening liquid is subjected to the movement of the piston to bring flow velocity, so that the liquid is subjected to the shearing action at three main positions in the cavity, namely (1) between the piston and the central shaft, (2) between the inner wall and the wall of the cavity, and (3) small holes in the inner wall and a disc of the central shaft. Three positions correspond to three different critical thickening piston motion speeds, when the piston motion speed is gradually increased, the liquid at the small hole position is firstly thickened, the rest two positions are thickened sequentially along with the increase of the piston motion speed, and the damping force exerted on the piston by the liquid is gradually increased in the whole process until the liquid is completely solidified, so that the further motion of the piston is completely prevented.
The device was designed to the following dimensions: the diameter of the central shaft is 6mm, the outer diameter of a piston rod of the piston is 12mm, the inner diameter of the piston is 6mm, the central shaft is sleeved with the piston, the inner diameter of the inner wall is 60mm, the outer diameter of the inner wall is 66mm, the length of the central shaft is 130mm, the diameter of a piston head of the piston is 56mm, and the inner diameter of the cavity wall is 80 mm. The viscous resistance of the liquid when it reaches the maximum viscosity is calculated as the bearing capacity of the device. Using the formula obtained in newtonian viscous flow experiments:
where μ is the fluid viscosity, A is the area of the two interfaces that create the flow velocity difference, and v/h is the velocity gradient (also shear rate). And (4) obtaining the viscous resistance by using the viscosity of the optimal braking state of the liquid and the corresponding shear rate. The viscosity μ is 300Pa · s and the shear rate is 10 s-1. The piston center axis side area a1 was calculated to be 0.0049m3 and the inner wall side area a2 was calculated to be 0.0245m3, so that the apparatus bearing force was 88N. This patent only provides a braking scheme, and the shear thickening fluid of the shear rate of liquid satisfies the needs in the time of can designing the device of different bores, disposing different viscosity and maximum viscosity according to the demand in the reality.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the piston is pulled by external force to move relative to the cavity, the piston drives the shear thickening liquid to flow. The viscosity of the shear thickening fluid is changed under the shearing action between the central shaft and the inner wall, between the inner wall and the cavity wall and in the small hole, the shear thickening fluid is rapidly solidified when the shear thickening fluid exceeds the critical shear rate, and the solidification degree is increased along with the increase of the shear rate, so that the resistance borne by the safety rope for pulling the piston is small when the safety rope is slowly pulled, the resistance is rapidly increased when the safety rope is rapidly pulled, and the intelligent braking effect is achieved. When the braking demand disappears, the spring can slowly push the piston to move and reset so as to carry out the next braking.
In order to realize different critical braking speeds, the concentration of the starch solution is adjusted to change the functional relation of the viscosity of the liquid with respect to the shearing rate, and the size of the resistance generated by the brake is changed corresponding to different moving speeds of the piston. When the moving speed of the piston is low, the viscosity of the shear thickening liquid is at a low position, so that the piston is easy to move; when the piston is pulled by the outside at a high speed, namely the speed exceeds the critical shearing rate, the viscosity of the shearing thickening liquid is increased rapidly, obvious solidification occurs, and the braking effect is achieved. In addition, the adjustment of speed limit can be realized by adjusting the liquid concentration and setting the critical thickening rate to a required value within a certain range, thereby meeting various requirements.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A safety rope brake based on shear thickening fluid, its characterized in that: comprises a base, a cavity wall, a piston, a bolt, an inner wall, shear thickening fluid, a central shaft disc, a spring, a sealing ring and a cover; the cavity wall is of a sleeve structure with one closed end, the peripheral surfaces of the closed end and the open end of the cavity wall are provided with flange plates, and the center of the closed end is provided with a through hole;
the base is coaxially and fixedly connected with a flange plate at the opening end of the cavity wall through a bolt, and a cavity formed by the cavity wall and the base is filled with shear thickening liquid; the end surface of one side of the base facing the cavity wall is coaxially provided with an inner wall and a central shaft of a circular ring structure; the outer diameter of the inner wall is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity wall, the axial height of the inner wall is smaller than the axial height of the cavity wall, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the circumferential surface, close to the base, of the inner wall; an annular boss is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of one end of the central shaft close to the base and serves as a central shaft disc, and a plurality of holes are formed in the end surface of the central shaft disc along the circumferential direction; the outer end face of the base is fixed with the safety rope connector or the tying rope bobbin core;
the piston head of the piston is of a disc structure, and the piston rod is an optical axis vertically arranged at the center of the end face of the disc; the disc is coaxially arranged in the inner wall of the base, a blind hole is formed in the center of the outer end face of the disc, and the blind hole is coaxially sleeved on a central shaft of the base and is in clearance fit with the central shaft; the end of the piston rod penetrates through the through hole at the closed end of the cavity wall and is fixedly connected with the root of the safety rope;
the spring is coaxially sleeved on the piston rod and is positioned between the disc and the inner bottom surface of the cavity wall;
the cover is a circular plate provided with a central hole and is fixed with the flange plate at the closed end of the cavity wall through a bolt, and the central hole of the cover is provided with an annular groove at one side of the cavity wall and used for placing a sealing ring to realize the motion sealing of the piston rod.
2. The shear-thickening fluid-based safety line brake of claim 1, wherein: the bearing capacity of the brake is calculated by using a Newton viscous flow experimental formula to obtain:
where μ is the fluid viscosity, A is the area of the two interfaces that create the flow velocity difference, and v/h is the velocity gradient, i.e., shear rate.
3. The shear-thickening fluid-based safety line brake of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the central shaft is 6mm, the outer diameter of a piston rod of the piston is 12mm, and the length of the central shaft is 130 mm; the inner diameter of the inner wall is 60mm, the outer diameter of the inner wall is 66mm, the outer diameter of the piston head is 56mm, and the inner diameter of the cavity wall is 80 mm; the viscosity mu of the shear thickening fluid is 300 Pa.s, and the shear rate is 10s-1(ii) a Calculating the side area A of the central axis of the piston1＝0.0049m3Inner wall side area A2＝0.0245m3And the bearing force of the brake is 88N.
4. The shear-thickening fluid-based safety line brake of claim 1, wherein: the base is connected with the safety rope connector through a locking hook.
5. The shear-thickening fluid-based safety line brake of claim 1, wherein: a pair of lugs is arranged on the outer end face of the base and hinged with the shaft core of the tether line shaft through a shaft.
6. The shear-thickening fluid-based safety line brake of claim 1, wherein: the end of the piston rod is provided with a through hole, and the root of the safety rope passes through the reuse rope clamp for fastening.
7. The braking method of the safety rope brake based on the shear thickening fluid, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: when the safety rope is completely unfolded, the root part is subjected to impact force, and the piston rod is pulled by the impact force;
step two: the piston rod drives the piston to move axially and compress the spring, and the spring generates damping force on the piston;
step three: along with the axial movement of the piston, the shear thickening liquid flows in the cavity under the pushing of the piston, the shear thickening liquid pushed by the piston is subjected to a shearing action between the central shaft and the inner wall, and meanwhile, the liquid flowing between the inner wall and the cavity is also subjected to the shearing action; finally, the water flows through the holes of the inner wall and the central shaft disc and is also subjected to shearing action; the shear thickening liquid of each part is sheared, the viscosity is gradually increased until solidification, and resistance is generated to finish the braking process.
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| CN202110337533.9A CN113062936B (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Safety rope brake based on shear thickening fluid and braking method |
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| CN202110337533.9A CN113062936B (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Safety rope brake based on shear thickening fluid and braking method |
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| CN113062936B CN113062936B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115876616A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-03-31 | 山西交通科学研究院集团有限公司 | Test device for testing mechanical behavior of road after repair through friction force and positive pressure |
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| CN113062936B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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