CN113062745A - Shield constructs quick-witted blade disc convenient to change cutter - Google Patents
Shield constructs quick-witted blade disc convenient to change cutter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113062745A CN113062745A CN202110488456.7A CN202110488456A CN113062745A CN 113062745 A CN113062745 A CN 113062745A CN 202110488456 A CN202110488456 A CN 202110488456A CN 113062745 A CN113062745 A CN 113062745A
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- panel
- small
- cutter
- hole
- bolt
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Links
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010008479 Chest Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009205 Tinnitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000886 tinnitus Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/02—Bolts or sleeves for positioning of machine parts, e.g. notched taper pins, fitting pins, sleeves, eccentric positioning rings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a shield constructs quick-witted blade disc convenient to change cutter, includes panel (1) of blade disc, the cutter of the front installation of panel (1), its characterized in that: the panel (1) is provided with a small plate through hole (1a), a small panel (2) which can be turned and retracted is arranged in the small plate through hole (1a), the front surface of the small panel (2) is provided with a plurality of front surface cutters (3a), and the back surface of the small panel is provided with a plurality of back surface cutters (3 b). The cutter head can be used for changing cutters under normal pressure and under pressure, the cutter changing operation is simple, the time is short, the efficiency is high, and the tunneling cost is reduced; especially, the cutter changing is carried out under pressure, the operation time of an operator in the pressurizing bin is obviously shortened, the damage of a high-pressure environment to a human body is greatly reduced, the risk of damage to the human body caused by air leakage, water burst and sand burst is also obviously reduced, and the safety of the cutter changing operation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shield tunneling machine component, in particular to a shield tunneling machine cutter head.
Background
At present, in China, urban subway tunnels and tunnels of urban comprehensive pipe galleries are usually constructed by adopting a shield machine. When the shield machine is pushed, the cutter head at the front end rotates to drive the cutter on the cutter head to dig the stratum soil body, so that the tunnel is excavated. When the shield machine is used for tunneling, the stability of an excavation surface must be kept. The muddy water type shield machine is characterized in that a muddy water chamber is formed between a cutter head of the muddy water type shield machine and the excavation surface, and the muddy water chamber is filled with pressurized muddy water or mud (usually bentonite suspension) so that the pressure of the muddy water chamber is balanced with the pressure of the excavation surface to stabilize the excavation surface; the other is the earth pressure balance type shield machine, which takes earth materials (adding foam and the like to improve the soil if necessary) as media for stabilizing the excavation surface, a soil chamber is formed between a partition plate behind a cutter head and the excavation surface, the cutter head rotates to excavate to increase the earth materials, then the spiral feeder rotates to convey the earth materials, and the pressure of the soil chamber is balanced with the pressure of the excavation surface by adjusting the rotating excavation speed of the cutter head and the earth output amount (rotating speed) of the spiral feeder, so that the stability of the excavation surface is realized.
Meanwhile, the cutters arranged and used on the cutter head of the shield tunneling machine are different according to different stratum geological conditions. When the shield tunnel passes through the stratum change section, different cutters need to be replaced so as to ensure the smooth, reliable and efficient tunneling of the shield machine; after the tool is worn, the same tool needs to be replaced by a new tool.
The shield machine carries out the change of cutter in the stratum tunnelling process, and there is two kinds of modes of ordinary pressure tool changing and area pressure tool changing at present. Changing the tool at normal pressure: the stability (no collapse) of the soil body in front of the tunnel face (excavation face) needs to be kept, if the geological condition at the stop position is good and the soil body in front can be self-stabilized, the soil can directly enter a soil bin (an emptied muddy water chamber or a soil chamber) for cutter replacement without adding extra auxiliary measures; if the geological conditions at the shutdown are poor and the front soil body is difficult to self-stabilize, the soil body on the face needs to be reinforced in advance to maintain the stability of the soil body in the front of the face, even precipitation treatment needs to be carried out in advance under the condition of abundant underground water, so that the working procedures are more, and the delay period is longer. Changing the tool under pressure: the tool changing under pressure is to inject compressed air into the soil bin to increase the air pressure of the soil bin, so that the air pressure is balanced with the soil pressure and water pressure borne by the face (excavation face) of the tunnel to keep the stability of the soil body in front of the face of the tunnel; and then, the tool changing operator enters the pressurized soil bin to perform tool changing operation.
The cutter on the current blade disc all is independently installed on the panel of blade disc separately, and its problem that exists is: no matter the cutter is changed under normal pressure or under pressure, all the cutters needing to be changed need to be manually disassembled and assembled one by one on the back of the cutter head, the operation is very troublesome, and the cutter changing time is as long as several hours; the tunneling efficiency is reduced, and the tunneling cost is increased. For the tool changing under pressure, the more serious problem exists: operators need to stay in the pressurized soil bin for a long time, and due to the fact that the factors influencing the air tightness of the soil bin are more and not all controllable, the operators are prone to tinnitus and chest distress, so that the operators are harmful to the bodies, even the operators are life-threatening if sudden serious air leakage occurs, and safety accidents occur; meanwhile, sudden soil body instability can cause personal injury due to water and sand gushing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shield tunneling machine cutter head convenient for cutter replacement, the cutter head can perform cutter replacement under normal pressure and under pressure, the cutter replacement operation is simple, the time is short, the efficiency is high, and the tunneling cost is reduced; especially, the cutter changing is carried out under pressure, the operation time of an operator in the pressurizing bin is obviously shortened, the damage of a high-pressure environment to a human body is greatly reduced, the risk of damage to the human body caused by air leakage, water burst and sand burst is also obviously reduced, and the safety of the cutter changing operation is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the aim is that the shield tunneling machine cutter head convenient for replacing the cutter comprises a panel of the cutter head and the cutter arranged on the front surface of the panel, and is characterized in that:
the panel is provided with a small plate through hole, a small panel which can be overturned and retracted is arranged in the small plate through hole, the front surface of the small panel is provided with a plurality of front surface cutters, and the back surface of the small panel is provided with a plurality of back surface cutters.
The specific structure of the small panel which can be overturned and retracted and is arranged in the small plate through hole is as follows: two ends of a rotating shaft of the small panel are inserted into the front end of a shaft groove of the wall of the small through hole; the direction of the shaft groove is vertical to the panel, and a jack for propping against the rotating shaft is arranged in the shaft groove behind the rotating shaft; one end of the hydraulic telescopic bolt is inserted into the pin hole of the small panel, and the other end of the hydraulic telescopic bolt is inserted into the front end of the pin hole in the side wall of the small plate through hole.
Or the specific structure of the small panel which can be overturned and retracted and is arranged in the small plate through hole is as follows: two ends of a rotating shaft of the small panel are inserted into the front end of a shaft groove of the wall of the small through hole; the direction of the shaft groove is vertical to the panel, and a first locking screw for propping against the rotating shaft is arranged in the shaft groove behind the rotating shaft; one end of the bolt is inserted into the pin hole of the small panel, the other end of the bolt is inserted into the front end of the through groove in the side wall of the small panel through hole, the direction of the through groove is perpendicular to the panel, and a second locking screw for abutting against the bolt is arranged in the through groove in the rear of the bolt.
The tool changing operation method of the cutter head comprises the following steps:
when the shield machine performs shield operation and needs to pass through different stratum geological sections, the front cutter and the back cutter on the small panel of the shield machine are different, the front cutter is suitable for geological conditions of front section operation, and the back cutter is suitable for geological conditions of rear section operation. And when the shield operation does not need to pass through the stratum change section, the front cutter and the back cutter are the same.
For the first small panel, the tool changing operation steps are as follows: an operator enters the soil bin to release the liquid of the hydraulic telescopic bolt, the hydraulic telescopic bolt is shortened, the end part of the bolt exits from the pin hole of the small panel, then the ejector rod of the jack behind the rotating shaft in the shaft groove retracts, then the small panel is pulled backwards along the shaft groove, and the backward pulling distance is not less than the turning radius of the small panel; then, the small panel is rotated to turn over 180 degrees along the rotating shaft, the front side cutter and the back side cutter are exchanged, then the rotating shaft of the small panel is pushed back to the front end of the shaft groove, and the jack is operated to enable the ejector rod to extend out to abut against the rotating shaft; and injecting liquid into the hydraulic telescopic plug pin to extend the hydraulic telescopic plug pin, and re-inserting the end part of the plug pin into the pin hole of the small panel to finish the tool changing operation of interchanging the front tool and the back tool.
For the second small panel, the tool changing operation steps are as follows: an operator enters the soil bin, the locking screw I and the locking screw II are detached, the rotating shaft of the small panel retreats along the shaft groove, meanwhile, the bolt of the small panel retreats along the through groove, and the distance of the small panel retreating backwards is not less than the overturning distance of the panel; then, turning the small panel for 180 degrees, and exchanging the front cutter and the back cutter; and then, the rotating shaft of the small panel after being turned over is pushed to the front end of the shaft groove, the plug pin returns to the front end of the through groove, and the locking screw I and the locking screw II are replaced, so that the tool changing operation of interchanging the front tool and the back tool is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the invention only needs to carry out the pressure relief of the hydraulic telescopic bolt, the retraction of the jack rod, the turnover of the small panel, the pressurization of the hydraulic telescopic bolt and the retraction of the jack; or unlocking the bolt and the rotating shaft, turning the small panel and locking the bolt and the rotating shaft; the replacement of a plurality of cutters on the same small panel can be completed at one time. Compared with the manual operation of carrying out complicated dismounting and mounting operations on the cutters arranged in front of the cutter head on the back of the cutter head, the operation is very simple, and the cutter changing time of the whole cutter head is shortened by more than 10 times; the tunneling efficiency of the shield tunneling machine is improved, the construction period is shortened, and the construction cost is reduced.
When the tool changing device is used for tool changing under pressure, the operation time of an operator in the pressurizing bin is obviously shortened, the tunneling efficiency is improved, the damage of a high-pressure environment to a human body is greatly reduced, the risks of damage and accidents of air leakage, water burst and sand burst to the human body are also obviously reduced, and the safety of tool changing operation is improved.
Furthermore, the hydraulic telescopic bolt of the invention consists of a hydraulic cavity and a pin shaft sleeved on the hydraulic cavity.
The hydraulic telescopic bolt with the jack structure has a mature and simple structure, and can conveniently and simply realize the extension and the shortening of the bolt; but also can reliably and firmly realize the positioning and connection of the small panel and the panel.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a cutter head of a shield tunneling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic back structure diagram of the small panels according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of a cutter head of a shield tunneling machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D in fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
fig. 1-4 show that one embodiment of the present invention is: the utility model provides a shield constructs quick-witted blade disc convenient to change cutter, includes the panel 1 of blade disc, the cutter of the front installation of panel 1, its characterized in that:
the panel 1 is provided with a small plate through hole 1a, a small panel 2 which can be overturned and retracted is arranged in the small plate through hole 1a, the front surface of the small panel 2 is provided with a plurality of front surface cutters 3a, and the back surface of the small panel is provided with a plurality of back surface cutters 3 b.
Fig. 2 and 4 show that the specific structure of the small plate through hole 1a of the present example for installing the small plate 2 which can be overturned and retracted is as follows: two ends of a rotating shaft 4 of the small panel 2 are inserted into the front end of a shaft groove 4a of the wall of the small plate through hole 1 a; the direction of the shaft groove 4a is vertical to the panel 1, and a jack 4b which is propped against the rotating shaft 4 is arranged in the shaft groove 4a behind the rotating shaft 4; one end of the hydraulic telescopic bolt 5 is inserted into the pin hole of the small panel 2, and the other end is inserted into the front end of the pin hole on the side wall of the small plate through hole 1 a.
Fig. 2 shows that the hydraulic telescopic bolt 5 of this example is composed of a hydraulic chamber 5a and a pin 5b sleeved on the hydraulic chamber 5 a.
Example two:
fig. 5-7 and 3 show that another embodiment of the present invention is: the utility model provides a shield constructs quick-witted blade disc convenient to change cutter, includes the panel 1 of blade disc, the cutter of the front installation of panel 1, its characterized in that:
the panel 1 is provided with a small plate through hole 1a, a small panel 2 which can be overturned and retracted is arranged in the small plate through hole 1a, the front surface of the small panel 2 is provided with a plurality of front surface cutters 3a, and the back surface of the small panel is provided with a plurality of back surface cutters 3 b.
Fig. 6-7 show that the specific structure of the small plate through hole 1a for installing the small plate 2 which can be overturned and retracted is as follows: two ends of a rotating shaft 4 of the small panel 2 are inserted into the front end of a shaft groove 4a of the wall of the small plate through hole 1 a; the direction of the shaft groove 4a is vertical to the panel 1, and a locking screw I4 c which is propped against the rotating shaft 4 is arranged in the shaft groove 4a behind the rotating shaft 4; one end of the bolt 6 is inserted into the pin hole of the small panel 2, the other end of the bolt is inserted into the front end of the through groove 6a on the side wall of the small panel through hole 1a, the direction of the through groove 6a is vertical to the panel 1, and a locking screw II 6b which is propped against the bolt 6 is arranged in the through groove 6a behind the bolt 6.
When the method is implemented, the front cutter 3a and the back cutter 3b can be the same cutter, and the method is suitable for being adopted by a shield machine which does not need to pass through a stratum change section in shield operation.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a shield constructs quick-witted blade disc convenient to change cutter, includes panel (1) of blade disc, the cutter of the front installation of panel (1), its characterized in that:
the panel (1) is provided with a small plate through hole (1a), a small panel (2) which can be turned and retracted is arranged in the small plate through hole (1a), the front surface of the small panel (2) is provided with a plurality of front surface cutters (3a), and the back surface of the small panel is provided with a plurality of back surface cutters (3 b).
2. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead convenient for cutter replacement according to claim 1, wherein: the specific structure of the small panel (2) which can be overturned and retracted and is arranged in the small plate through hole (1a) is as follows: two ends of a rotating shaft (4) of the small panel (2) are inserted into the front end of a shaft groove (4a) of the wall of the small plate through hole (1 a); the direction of the shaft groove (4a) is vertical to the panel (1), and a jack (4b) which is pressed against the rotating shaft (4) is arranged in the shaft groove (4a) behind the rotating shaft (4); one end of the hydraulic telescopic bolt (5) is inserted into the pin hole of the small panel (2), and the other end of the hydraulic telescopic bolt is inserted into the front end of the pin hole in the side wall of the small plate through hole (1 a).
3. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead convenient for cutter replacement according to claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic telescopic bolt (5) consists of a hydraulic cavity (5a) and a pin shaft (5b) sleeved on the hydraulic cavity (5 a).
4. The shield tunneling machine cutterhead convenient for cutter replacement according to claim 1, wherein: the specific structure of the small panel (2) which can be overturned and retracted and is arranged in the small plate through hole (1a) is as follows: two ends of a rotating shaft (4) of the small panel (2) are inserted into the front end of a shaft groove (4a) of the wall of the small plate through hole (1 a); the direction of the shaft groove (4a) is vertical to the panel (1), and a locking screw I (4c) which is pressed against the rotating shaft (4) is arranged in the shaft groove (4a) at the rear of the rotating shaft (4); one end of the bolt (6) is inserted into a pin hole of the small panel (2), the other end of the bolt is inserted into the front end of the through groove (6a) on the side wall of the small panel through hole (1a), the direction of the through groove (6a) is vertical to the panel (1), and a second locking screw (6b) which is abutted against the bolt (6) is arranged in the through groove (6a) at the rear of the bolt (6).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110488456.7A CN113062745A (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2021-05-06 | Shield constructs quick-witted blade disc convenient to change cutter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110488456.7A CN113062745A (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2021-05-06 | Shield constructs quick-witted blade disc convenient to change cutter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113062745A true CN113062745A (en) | 2021-07-02 |
Family
ID=76568073
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110488456.7A Pending CN113062745A (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2021-05-06 | Shield constructs quick-witted blade disc convenient to change cutter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113062745A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113982611A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 无锡中铁城轨装备有限公司 | Shield constructs cutter head convenient to tool changing |
-
2021
- 2021-05-06 CN CN202110488456.7A patent/CN113062745A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113982611A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 无锡中铁城轨装备有限公司 | Shield constructs cutter head convenient to tool changing |
| CN113982611B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-08-12 | 无锡中铁城轨装备有限公司 | Shield constructs cutter head convenient to tool changing |
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