CN113061769A - Refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy, wherein rhenium and sodium fluosilicate are directly mixed with Al in the alloy2O3Reaction, reducing the separation of impurity crystals in the crystals during melting, having excellent refining effect on the crystals, generating insoluble calcium carbonate precipitate by the reaction of potassium fluoride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluosilicate and lithium chloride with hydrogen elements in the aluminum alloy, acting together with rhenium, having better hydrogen adsorption effect, simultaneously accompanying with electromagnetic stirring, leading the reaction to be more thorough, leading the generated KCl to act together with the generated chloride and rhenium, leading the fused salt of the adsorbed oxide to be spheroidized, reducing the aluminum element loss caused by aluminum inclusion in solid solution impurities, simultaneously carrying out vacuum pumping-nitrogen blowing-standing treatment, having better impurity removal effect, having low sodium use in the impurity removal method, not easily causing the sodium brittleness phenomenon of the aluminum alloy, and refining the aluminum alloy by using the methodGold, lower toxic and side effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy refining, in particular to a refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy.
Background
Pinholes and inclusions are common casting defects in aluminum alloy castings, influence the quality of the castings, reduce the qualification rate of the castings, and need to be eliminated through refining. The aluminum alloy refining is to remove harmful components such as hydrogen, oxide inclusions and other salts in liquid aluminum alloy by proper physical and chemical methods, improve the purity and quality of molten aluminum, and the existing aluminum alloy refining methods are mostly solvent refining methods and gas refining methods.
The refining agent comprises C as main component2Cl6、ZnCl2、MnCl2And the chlorine salts or chlorides react with the aluminum liquid in the refining process, the refining method adopts manual refining, and the complete contact of the flux and the aluminum liquid cannot be ensured, so the effect is not ideal, the pinhole degree of the casting is generally in 3 grade, and even if casting process parameters are optimized by methods such as a chill, a riser and the like, qualified castings are difficult to obtain sometimes, so that the qualification rate is low, and even the technical requirements of model products cannot be met. And a large amount of by-products generated by the flux method are AlCl3HCl and Cl2Toxic and harmful gases such as gas cause serious damage to human bodies, environment and equipment, and the use of the aluminum alloy is gradually limited in industrially developed countries, so that a refining method aiming at the waste gas pollution, low toxic and side effects and better impurity removal effect of the aluminum alloy is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for refining low-purity aluminum alloy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme,
a refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, melting a low-purity aluminum alloy raw material in a melting furnace at 700-900 ℃ to obtain liquid aluminum alloy;
s2, preparing a refining agent from 0.5-1 part of rhenium, 7-8 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 3-4 parts of potassium fluoride, 3-5 parts of calcium fluoride and 5-10 parts of lithium chloride in percentage by mass, adding the refining agent according to 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the liquid aluminum alloy, and performing electromagnetic stirring for 6-10 min to obtain a first treatment solution;
s3, when the first treatment liquid is obtained, vacuumizing the furnace to 0.1-0.2 MPa, and then performing nitrogen blowing treatment to obtain a second treatment liquid;
s4, after the second treatment liquid is kept stand and precipitated for 1-2 hours, removing upper-layer floating slag, and filtering impurities in the second treatment liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy liquid;
and S5, pouring and forming the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
s6, preparing 1-4% of sodium metasilicate, 0.5-2% of sodium citrate, 0.1-0.2% of sodium hydroxide, 0.08-0.2% of secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5-7% of ethanol and the balance of deionized water into an oil removing solvent according to mass percentage;
s7, heating the degreasing solvent to 30-50 ℃, and then soaking the aluminum alloy prepared in the step S5 in the degreasing solvent to remove oil;
s8, taking out the aluminum alloy after oil removal, and removing surface moisture.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
s9, preparing an oxidizing agent from 15-20 parts by mass of ethanol, 60-70 parts by mass of deionized water, 0.8-1 part by mass of citric acid and 1-2 parts by mass of oxalic acid, putting the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S7 into the oxidizing agent, and soaking for 2-10 min at normal temperature.
Preferably, the refining agent further comprises 7-8 parts of lime powder and 2-4 parts of calcium silicate.
Preferably, the nitrogen-blowing treatment in step S3 is performed by blowing nitrogen gas into the first treatment liquid after evacuation to raise the vacuum in the furnace to 0.5MPa or more, heating the first mixed solution to 700 to 750 ℃, and maintaining the temperature for 10 to 25 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. rhenium and sodium fluorosilicate, directly with Al in the alloy2O3Reaction, reducing the separation of impurity crystals (such as Fi, Si, V and the like which are common impurities in aluminum) in the crystal during melting, having excellent refining effect on the crystal, reacting with hydrogen elements in potassium fluoride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluosilicate and lithium chloride in aluminum alloy to generate insoluble calcium carbonate precipitate, acting with rhenium together to have better hydrogen adsorption effect, and simultaneously stirring electromagnetically to ensure that the reaction is more thorough, and the generated KCl acts with the generated chloride and rhenium together to ensure that spherical molten salt of adsorbed oxide is formed, thereby reducing the consumption of aluminum elements caused by aluminum inclusion of solid solution impurities;
2. after the calcium fluoride reacts with the aluminum alloy, oxides in the aluminum alloy liquid are removed, and meanwhile, the vacuum-nitrogen blowing treatment is carried out, so that better effects of removing hydrogen and oxides can be obtained;
3. the nitrogen is blown and then is kept stand to ensure that impurities are fully floated and precipitated and are separated from the aluminum alloy, the impurity removal effect is better, the impurity removal method is low in sodium use, the sodium brittleness of the aluminum alloy is not easily caused, and AlCl generated by the used impurity removal agent is used3HCl and Cl2The gas is less, and the aluminum alloy refined by the method has lower toxic and side effects.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific preferred embodiments, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
Comparative example 1:
a refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, melting a low-purity aluminum alloy raw material in a melting furnace at 760 ℃ to obtain liquid aluminum alloy;
s2.7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 3.5 parts of potassium fluoride, 5 parts of calcium fluoride and 5 parts of lithium chloride are prepared into a refining agent, the refining agent is added according to 0.2 percent of the weight of the liquid aluminum alloy, and electromagnetic stirring is carried out for 7min at the same time to obtain a first treatment solution;
s3, after the first treatment liquid is kept stand and precipitated for 1.5 hours, removing upper-layer floating slag, and filtering impurities in the first treatment liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy liquid;
and S4, pouring and forming the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
Example 1:
a refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, melting a low-purity aluminum alloy raw material in a melting furnace at 760 ℃ to obtain liquid aluminum alloy;
s2, preparing a refining agent from 0.8 part of rhenium, 7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 3.5 parts of potassium fluoride, 5 parts of calcium fluoride and 5 parts of lithium chloride in percentage by mass, adding the refining agent according to 0.2 percent of the weight of the liquid aluminum alloy, and performing electromagnetic stirring for 7min to obtain a first treatment solution;
s3, when the first treatment liquid is obtained, vacuumizing the furnace to 0.2MPa, and then performing nitrogen blowing treatment to obtain a second treatment liquid;
s4, after the second treatment liquid is kept stand and precipitated for 1.5 hours, removing upper-layer floating slag, and filtering impurities in the second treatment liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy liquid;
and S5, pouring and forming the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
Example 2:
a refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, melting a low-purity aluminum alloy raw material in a melting furnace at 760 ℃ to obtain liquid aluminum alloy;
s2, preparing a refining agent from 0.8 part of rhenium, 7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 3.5 parts of potassium fluoride, 5 parts of calcium fluoride and 5 parts of lithium chloride in percentage by mass, adding the refining agent according to 0.2 percent of the weight of the liquid aluminum alloy, and performing electromagnetic stirring for 7min to obtain a first treatment solution;
s3, when the first treatment liquid is obtained, vacuumizing the furnace to 0.2MPa, and then performing nitrogen blowing treatment to obtain a second treatment liquid;
s4, after the second treatment liquid is kept stand and precipitated for 1.5 hours, removing upper-layer floating slag, and filtering impurities in the second treatment liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy liquid;
s5, pouring and forming aluminum alloy liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy;
s6, preparing 3% of sodium metasilicate, 1.2% of sodium citrate, 0.1% of sodium hydroxide, 0.1% of secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 6% of ethanol and the balance of deionized water into an oil removing solvent according to mass percentage;
s7, heating the degreasing solvent to 40 ℃, and then soaking the aluminum alloy prepared in the step S5 in the degreasing solvent to remove oil;
s8, taking out the aluminum alloy after oil removal, and removing surface moisture.
Example 3:
a refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, melting a low-purity aluminum alloy raw material in a melting furnace at 760 ℃ to obtain liquid aluminum alloy;
s2, preparing a refining agent from 0.8 part of rhenium, 7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 3.5 parts of potassium fluoride, 5 parts of calcium fluoride and 5 parts of lithium chloride in percentage by mass, adding the refining agent according to 0.2 percent of the weight of the liquid aluminum alloy, and performing electromagnetic stirring for 7min to obtain a first treatment solution;
s3, when the first treatment liquid is obtained, vacuumizing the furnace to 0.2MPa, and then performing nitrogen blowing treatment to obtain a second treatment liquid;
s4, after the second treatment liquid is kept stand and precipitated for 1.5 hours, removing upper-layer floating slag, and filtering impurities in the second treatment liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy liquid;
s5, pouring and forming aluminum alloy liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy;
s6, preparing 3% of sodium metasilicate, 1.2% of sodium citrate, 0.1% of sodium hydroxide, 0.1% of secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 6% of ethanol and the balance of deionized water into an oil removing solvent according to mass percentage;
s7, heating the degreasing solvent to 40 ℃, and then soaking the aluminum alloy prepared in the step S5 in the degreasing solvent to remove oil;
s8, taking out the deoiled aluminum alloy, and removing surface moisture;
s9, preparing an oxidizing agent from 18 parts of ethanol, 62 parts of deionized water, 0.9 part of citric acid and 1 part of oxalic acid by mass percent, putting the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S7 into the oxidizing agent, and soaking for 4min at normal temperature.
Example 4
A refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, melting a low-purity aluminum alloy raw material in a melting furnace at 760 ℃ to obtain liquid aluminum alloy;
s2, preparing a refining agent from 0.8 part of rhenium, 7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 3.5 parts of potassium fluoride, 5 parts of calcium fluoride, 5 parts of lithium chloride, 7 parts of lime powder and 3 parts of calcium silicate by mass percent, adding the refining agent according to 0.2 percent of the weight of the liquid aluminum alloy, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring for 7min to obtain a first treatment liquid;
s3, when the first treatment liquid is obtained, vacuumizing the furnace to 0.2MPa, and then performing nitrogen blowing treatment to obtain a second treatment liquid;
s4, after the second treatment liquid is kept stand and precipitated for 1.5 hours, removing upper-layer floating slag, and filtering impurities in the second treatment liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy liquid;
s5, pouring and forming aluminum alloy liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy;
s6, preparing 3% of sodium metasilicate, 1.2% of sodium citrate, 0.1% of sodium hydroxide, 0.1% of secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 6% of ethanol and the balance of deionized water into an oil removing solvent according to mass percentage;
s7, heating the degreasing solvent to 40 ℃, and then soaking the aluminum alloy prepared in the step S5 in the degreasing solvent to remove oil;
s8, taking out the deoiled aluminum alloy, and removing surface moisture;
s9, preparing an oxidizing agent from 18 parts of ethanol, 62 parts of deionized water, 0.9 part of citric acid and 1 part of oxalic acid by mass percent, putting the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S7 into the oxidizing agent, and soaking for 4min at normal temperature.
Example 5
S1, melting a low-purity aluminum alloy raw material in a melting furnace at 760 ℃ to obtain liquid aluminum alloy;
s2, preparing a refining agent from 0.8 part of rhenium, 7 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 3.5 parts of potassium fluoride, 5 parts of calcium fluoride, 5 parts of lithium chloride, 7 parts of lime powder and 3 parts of calcium silicate by mass percent, adding the refining agent according to 0.2 percent of the weight of the liquid aluminum alloy, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring for 7min to obtain a first treatment liquid;
s3, vacuumizing the furnace to 0.2MPa when the first treatment liquid is obtained, blowing nitrogen into the vacuumized first treatment liquid to enable the vacuum in the furnace to be increased to be more than 0.5MPa, heating the first mixed liquid to 700 ℃, and preserving the heat for 20min to obtain a second treatment liquid;
s4, after the second treatment liquid is kept stand and precipitated for 1.5 hours, removing upper-layer floating slag, and filtering impurities in the second treatment liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy liquid;
s5, pouring and forming aluminum alloy liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy;
s6, preparing 3% of sodium metasilicate, 1.2% of sodium citrate, 0.1% of sodium hydroxide, 0.1% of secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 6% of ethanol and the balance of deionized water into an oil removing solvent according to mass percentage;
s7, heating the degreasing solvent to 40 ℃, and then soaking the aluminum alloy prepared in the step S5 in the degreasing solvent to remove oil;
s8, taking out the deoiled aluminum alloy, and removing surface moisture;
s9, preparing an oxidizing agent from 18 parts of ethanol, 62 parts of deionized water, 0.9 part of citric acid and 1 part of oxalic acid by mass percent, putting the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S7 into the oxidizing agent, and soaking for 4min at normal temperature.
The ZL101 alloy is used for refining, the impurity removal effect of the refined aluminum alloy of the comparative example 1 and the aluminum alloy of the example 1, the aluminum alloy of the example 4 and the aluminum alloy of the example 5 are respectively tested, and the specific results are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1
| (％) | Comparative example 1 | Example 1 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| Removal rate of impurities | 80.3 | 91.2 | 93.6 | 96.8 |
The aluminum alloys obtained in example 2, example 3 and example 5 were respectively subjected to melt recasting and mechanical property test in a T6 state, and the specific results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | National standard | |
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 229 | 246 | 255 | 225 |
| Hardness (HBS) | 99.2 | 112.4 | 127.6 | 90 |
Referring to tables 1-2, and contents of the above comparative examples and examples, comparing comparative example 1 with example 1, it can be seen that in comparative example 1, potassium fluoride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluorosilicate, lithium chloride are used for aluminum alloyImpurity removal is carried out, the impurity removal quickly reacts with hydrogen elements in aluminum alloy under the condition of hot gas to generate calcium carbonate sediment with difficult capacity, electromagnetic stirring is carried out simultaneously, the reaction is more thorough, the generated KCl and the generated chloride act together to spheroidize fused salt with adsorbed oxides, aluminum element loss caused by impurity aluminum inclusion of solid solution impurities is reduced, oxides in aluminum alloy liquid are removed after calcium fluoride reacts with the aluminum alloy, better hydrogen removal and oxide removal effects are obtained, sodium use in the impurity removal method is low, sodium brittleness of the aluminum alloy is not easy to cause, and AlCl produced by the impurity removal agent used simultaneously3HCl and Cl2The gas is less, the toxic and side effect is lower when the method is used for refining the aluminum alloy, but the impurity removal effect can still be optimized, in example 1, on the basis of comparative example 1, rhenium and sodium fluosilicate are added into the refining agent and directly mixed with Al in the alloy2O3Reaction, impurity crystal precipitation in the crystal during melting is reduced, the crystal is well refined, rhenium, potassium fluoride, calcium fluoride, sodium fluosilicate and lithium chloride have combined and synergistic effects, the hydrogen adsorption effect is better, the molten salt spheroidization effect of oxides is better, an electromagnetic stirring step is added at the same time, the reaction is more thorough, the vacuumizing-nitrogen blowing treatment is carried out, better hydrogen removal and oxide removal effects can be obtained, and the standing treatment is carried out after nitrogen blowing, so that impurities are fully floated and precipitated, separated from the aluminum alloy, and the impurity removal effect is better;
comparing the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, it is known that, in the embodiment 2, on the basis of the embodiment 1, a low-temperature soaking step in an oil removing solvent is added, sodium hydroxide is used as a main agent, sodium citrate and sodium metasilicate are used as auxiliary agents, low-foam secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is used as a surfactant, sodium citrate has strong coordination capacity to various metal ions, has strong chelation effect on heavy metal ions, can inhibit adverse reaction of ions existing in water to the surface of an alloy, inhibits corrosion of the surface of the alloy, sodium metasilicate has good wettability and emulsibility, is used with sodium citrate, can enhance the activity performance of secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, reduces residual foam on the surface after soaking, and simultaneously uses ethanol to form a layer of volatile anti-oxidation film on the outer part of the alloy, helps to rapidly cool the alloy, reduces the activity of the aluminum alloy, and enables the aluminum alloy not to be easily oxidized with air, the doped oxides are reduced during recasting so as to reduce the cutting waste of the aluminum ingot, and the aluminum ingot is quickly reacted by being soaked at medium and low temperature so as to reduce the soaking time;
comparing example 2 with example 3, it is known that, in example 3, on the basis of example 2, an oxidation removal step is added, oxalic acid with lower risk is used, citric acid is used as a complexing agent, an oxidation-resistant protective film is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy under a weak acid condition, the acidity is low, the complexing property of the citric acid is strong, the film forming speed is higher, and meanwhile, the ethanol is added, and after alkaline degreasing, the corrosion to the surface of the aluminum alloy is reduced, the soaking loss of the aluminum alloy is reduced, and the film forming is more regular;
comparing example 3 with example 4, it is known that example 3 is based on example 4, the refining agent is improved more optimally, the dehydrogenation effect is better by adding lime powder and calcium silicate, and the lime powder and calcium silicate are compounded to react with the generated silicon oxide and chloride to form hollow xonotlite particle residues while deoxidizing and dechlorinating, and the hollow xonotlite particle residues can be used for a second time after filtering.
Comparing example 4 with example 5, it can be seen that in example 5, based on example 4, the nitrogen blowing treatment manner in step S3 is optimized, nitrogen blowing treatment is performed in a vacuum heating state, and the nitrogen blowing treatment is combined with a mixed refining agent to sinter hydrides and oxides in the first treatment liquid, so that the hydrogen and oxygen content in the prepared aluminum alloy is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the liquid level disturbance force in a vacuum environment is small, and secondary impurities are reduced.
As can be seen from the above, example 5 is considered to be the most preferable example of the present invention because it has the best refining effect, the best surface oxidation and corrosion resistance, and the best mechanical properties after recasting, compared to examples 1 to 4.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. All technical schemes belonging to the idea of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and such modifications and embellishments should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for refining low-purity aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, melting a low-purity aluminum alloy raw material in a melting furnace at 700-900 ℃ to obtain liquid aluminum alloy;
s2, preparing a refining agent from 0.5-1 part of rhenium, 7-8 parts of sodium fluosilicate, 3-4 parts of potassium fluoride, 3-5 parts of calcium fluoride and 5-10 parts of lithium chloride in percentage by mass, adding the refining agent according to 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the liquid aluminum alloy, and performing electromagnetic stirring for 6-10 min to obtain a first treatment solution;
s3, when the first treatment liquid is obtained, vacuumizing the furnace to 0.1-0.2 MPa, and then performing nitrogen blowing treatment to obtain a second treatment liquid;
s4, after the second treatment liquid is kept stand and precipitated for 1-2 hours, removing upper-layer floating slag, and filtering impurities in the second treatment liquid to obtain refined aluminum alloy liquid;
and S5, pouring and forming the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the refined aluminum alloy.
2. A refining method of low purity aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s6, preparing 1-4% of sodium metasilicate, 0.5-2% of sodium citrate, 0.1-0.2% of sodium hydroxide, 0.08-0.2% of secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5-7% of ethanol and the balance of deionized water into an oil removing solvent according to mass percentage;
s7, heating the degreasing solvent to 30-50 ℃, and then soaking the aluminum alloy prepared in the step S5 in the degreasing solvent to remove oil;
s8, taking out the aluminum alloy after oil removal, and removing surface moisture.
3. A refining method of low purity aluminum alloy as recited in claim 2, further comprising the steps of:
s9, preparing an oxidizing agent from 15-20 parts by mass of ethanol, 60-70 parts by mass of deionized water, 0.8-1 part by mass of citric acid and 1-2 parts by mass of oxalic acid, putting the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S7 into the oxidizing agent, and soaking for 2-10 min at normal temperature.
4. A refining method of low-purity aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the refining agent further comprises 7-8 parts of lime powder and 2-4 parts of silico-calcium.
5. The method for producing a shiny copper rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen blowing in step S3 is performed by blowing nitrogen gas into the first vacuum-pumped treatment liquid to raise the vacuum in the furnace to 0.5MPa or more, heating the first mixed liquid to 700 ℃ to 750 ℃ and maintaining the temperature for 10 to 25 min.
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