CN113060720A - Preparation method and application of ZiF-8 derived P and N co-doped 3D porous carbon adsorbent - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of ZiF-8 derived P and N co-doped 3D porous carbon adsorbent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of synthesis of adsorption materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of ZiF-8 derived P and N co-doped 3D porous carbon adsorbent. The adsorbent of the invention is provided with N heterocyclic organic ligand and Zn2+The metal organic frame material ZiF-8 assembled by metal nodes is taken as a precursor and H3PO4Is a P source, and the 3D porous carbon adsorbent with special structural properties is prepared by a two-step calcination method. After the metal-free 3D porous carbon adsorbent is codoped by P and N, the surface chemical property and the pore structure of the carbon material are obviously changed. The adsorbent has the advantages of ultrahigh specific surface area, abundant hierarchical pore structures and acid sites, easiness in recovery and separation, no metal and the like. The adsorbent is used for adsorbing aromatic sulfide in liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and hasExcellent adsorption performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of synthesis of adsorption materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of ZiF-8 derived P and N co-doped 3D porous carbon adsorbent.
Background
Since the industrial revolution, fossil fuels, in particular, fuel oils such as gasoline and diesel oil obtained by refining crude oil, have been increasingly demanded. However, the sulfides contained in the fuel oil cause environmental damage after combustion emission and pose a serious threat to human health. Although a large number of new alternative Energy sources, such as biodiesel, solar Energy, lithium batteries, etc. (Shindell, d. Nature, 2019, 573, 408-. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the removal of sulfides in fuel oil such as gasoline and diesel oil is a great concern, and the production of ultra-clean fuel is imminent.
The adsorption desulfurization can remove the aromatic sulfide with high efficiency at the ambient temperature and pressure, and has simple process and low energy consumption. Are currently receiving a great deal of attention. The key point of adsorption desulfurization lies in designing and preparing an ideal adsorbent, and the adsorbent has excellent adsorption performance, regeneration performance, high selectivity, high stability and economy. Early adsorbents such as molecular sieve (CN 101367033 a), activated carbon (CN 104549143 a) and activated alumina (CN 104785196A) were not designed for specific adsorbates and were not chemically modified in structure, so they did not have excellent adsorption capacity and high selectivity, and could not be widely used. The metal organic framework Materials (MOFs) are the most advanced organic-inorganic hybrid porous materials at present, and are porous framework materials formed by organic connectors and inorganic metal (or metal-containing cluster) nodes, the MOFs has a large number of micropores with the pore diameter of about 1 nm, which is the key of excellent adsorption performance, and meanwhile, organic ligands of nitrogen sites or benzene rings and metal nodes with adjustable defect sites of the MOFs are both beneficial to improving the adsorption performance of aromatic sulfides, while the traditional porous materials do not have the common advantages of crossing the organic materials and the inorganic materials. However, MOFs still have the following disadvantages: (1) metal-organic frameworks which undergo coordination polymerization are susceptible to disintegration (Van de voode b. Chemical Society Reviews, 2014, 43, 5766-5788.); (2) poor reproducibility (Li, j.r. Chemical Reviews 2012, 112, 869-932.); (3) saturated coordination of the metal site and the organic ligand makes it difficult for the aromatic sulfide to be attracted near the metal site for interaction (Yaghi, o.m. Nature, 1999, 402, 276-279); (4) most MOFs exhibit hydrophilic properties making it difficult to disperse well in non-polar solvents.
The MOFs-derived porous carbon material not only perfectly retains the uniform pore size distribution of the parent MOF, but also shows the advantages of stable structure, super-hydrophobicity, in-situ 3D carbon structure and the like. MOFs-derived carbon has been widely used in the field of adsorption desulfurization at present. Heteroatom doping is a main means for changing the surface chemical property of MOFs derived carbon, and the interaction with aromatic sulfide can be effectively enhanced through changing the surface chemical property of the carbon material. Meanwhile, the heteroatom-doped carbon material has high structural stability, good reproducibility and wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a P and N codoped 3D porous carbon adsorbent for adsorbing aromatic sulfide in liquid hydrocarbon fuel and a preparation method thereof, so as to overcome the defects of low adsorption capacity, poor reproducibility and the like of the conventional adsorbent and provide a more efficient adsorbent for liquid hydrocarbon fuel desulfurization.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of ZiF-8 derived P, N co-doped 3D porous carbon adsorbent comprises the following steps:
(1) ZiF-8 is placed in a tube furnace, and the temperature is raised to the corresponding temperature at the temperature rising rate of 5-15 ℃/min for calcining for 2-10 hours under the inert gas flow of 10-100 mL/min. After calcining, washing the obtained black solid powder with an acid solution and deionized water respectively to remove residual Zn-containing species, and performing vacuum drying to obtain ZiF-8 derived carbon which is marked as NPC;
(2) h is to be3PO4Dissolving in solvent to form a certain mass fraction of H3PO4Solution of H3PO4NPC is added to the H in a mass ratio of 0.5-23PO4Stirring the solution, and evaporating the excess solvent to obtain a load H3PO4The derivatized carbon powder of (1). Load H3PO4The derived carbon powder is placed in a tubular furnace for secondary calcination, and specifically, the temperature is raised to the corresponding temperature for 2 to 10 hours at the temperature rising rate of 5 to 15 ℃/min under the inert gas flow of 10 to 100 mL/min.
(3) And after calcining, washing the product with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain ZiF-8 derived P and N-codoped 3D derived porous carbon, which is marked as P-NPC-x (x is the second calcining temperature).
The inert gas in the step (1) and the step (2) comprises one of nitrogen, argon and helium.
The calcining temperature of the tubular furnace in the step (1) and the step (2) is 600-1200 ℃.
The acid solution in the step (1) comprises one of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and nitric acid, and the mass fraction of the acid solution is 10-37%.
The solvent in the step (2) comprises one of methanol, ethanol, water, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide.
H in the step (2)3PO4The mass fraction of the solution is 2-20%.
The application comprises the following steps: ZiF-8 derivatization P, N codoped 3D porous carbon adsorbent is used for adsorbing aromatic sulfide (thiophene, benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene) in N-octane.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the surface chemical property of ZiF-8 derived carbon is effectively changed by adopting a double-heteroatom doping strategy, the doping of P and N increases the adsorption active sites and simultaneously effectively improves the pore structure of the adsorbent, more hierarchical pore structures are shown, and the adsorbent can be rapidly diffused in the pore channel. The adsorbent related by the invention effectively solves the problem of instability of the traditional adsorbent loaded with metal active sites by adopting double heteroatom doping and changing the surface chemical property of the carbon material, and meanwhile, the prepared adsorbent has rich micropore and hierarchical pore structures, and a large number of non-metal adsorption active sites enable the adsorbent to have wide application prospects.
The ZiF-8 derived P and N co-doped 3D porous carbon adsorbent has excellent adsorption performance when used for adsorbing aromatic sulfide in N-octane, the adsorbent can be separated through simple centrifugation, the adsorbent can be regenerated through calcination, and the operation cost is effectively saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XPS characterization of ZiF-8 derived P, N co-doped 3D porous carbon;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the FT-IR spectrum of ZiF-8 derived P, N co-doped 3D porous carbon;
FIG. 3 is a low temperature nitrogen desorption isotherm curve and pore size distribution plot of ZiF-8 derived P, N co-doped 3D porous carbon;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of ZiF-8 derived P, N co-doped 3D porous carbon;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of ZiF-8 derived P, N co-doped 3D porous carbon adsorbent.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
(1) ZiF-8 was placed in a tube furnace and calcined at a rate of 5 ℃ ramp to 900 ℃ for 8 hours under a nitrogen flow of 25 mL/min. After calcining, washing the obtained black solid powder with 37% hydrochloric acid solution and deionized water respectively to remove residual Zn-containing species, and vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain ZiF-8 derived carbon which is marked as NPC;
(2) 1.0 g of NPC powder was added to 6.25% by mass of H3PO4In methanol solution, stirring at 25 deg.C for 24 hr, and evaporating excessive methanol to obtain load H3PO4The derivatized carbon powder of (1). Load H3PO4The derivatized carbon powder of (a) was calcined in a tube furnace at a ramp rate of 10 deg.C/min to 600 deg.C for 2 hours under a nitrogen flow of 50 mL/min. After calcination, the product was washed with deionized water and vacuum dried at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain ZiF-8 derived P, N-codoped 3D derived porous carbon, which was noted as P-NPC-600 and had a total weight of 1.21 g, a P content of 3.58% and an N content of 6.85%.
As shown in FIG. 1, the XPS characterization result of P-NPC-600 shows that the configuration of N in the carbon material skeleton is divided into graphite N, pyrrole N and pyridine N, and the existence form of P is metaphosphate and P-O bond configuration. The FT-IR spectrum of P-NPC-600 in FIG. 2 is shown at 1580 cm-1The peak of (A) is an aromatic ring stretching vibration peak and C = N, 1260 cm-1Peak of (2) is a N-H functional group, 1068 cm-1The vibration peak is due to P in the acidic phosphoric ester+-O-998 cm caused by the symmetric vibration of the peak and P-O-P in the polyphosphate-1The minor oscillation peak was attributed to the P-O-C (aromatic) stretching oscillation peak. FIG. 4 shows an electron microscope picture of the P-NPC-600, which has a rhombic dodecahedron structure and a relatively smooth surface.
Example 2
(1) ZiF-8 was placed in a tube furnace and calcined at a temperature rising rate of 8 ℃ to 900 ℃ for 10 hours under a nitrogen flow of 20 mL/min. After calcining, washing the obtained black solid powder with 25% hydrochloric acid solution and deionized water respectively to remove residual Zn-containing species, and vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain ZiF-8 derived carbon which is marked as NPC;
(2) 1.0 g of NPC powder was added to 6.25% by mass of H3PO4In methanol solution, stirring at 25 deg.C for 24 hr, and evaporating excessive methanol to obtain load H3PO4The derivatized carbon powder of (1). Load H3PO4The derivatized carbon powder of (a) was calcined in a tube furnace at a ramp rate of 9 ℃/min to 800 ℃ for 2 hours under a nitrogen flow of 30 mL/min. After calcining, washing the product with deionized water, and vacuum-drying at 100 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain ZiF-8 derived P, N-codoped 3D derived porous carbon, which is recorded as P-NPC-800 and has the total weight of 1.14 g, the P content of 2.18% and the N content of 6.06%.
As shown in FIG. 1, the XPS characterization result of P-NPC-800 shows that the configuration of N in the carbon material skeleton is divided into graphite N, pyrrole N and pyridine N, and the existence form of P is in P-C and P-O bond configuration. The FT-IR spectrum of P-NPC-800 in FIG. 2 is shown at 1580 cm-1The peak of (A) is an aromatic ring stretching vibration peak and C = N, 1260 cm-1Peak of (2) is a N-H functional group, 1068 cm-1The vibration peak is due to P in the acidic phosphoric ester+-O-998 cm caused by the symmetric vibration of the peak and P-O-P in the polyphosphate-1The minor oscillation peak was attributed to the P-O-C (aromatic) stretching oscillation peak. FIG. 4 shows an electron microscope picture of the P-NPC-800, which has a rhombic dodecahedron structure and a rough surface.
Example 3
(1) ZiF-8 was placed in a tube furnace and calcined at a rate of 3 ℃ ramp up to 800 ℃ for 6 hours under a nitrogen flow of 80 mL/min. After calcining, washing the obtained black solid powder with 15% hydrochloric acid solution and deionized water respectively to remove residual Zn-containing species, and vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain ZiF-8 derived carbon which is marked as NPC;
(2) 1.0 g of NPC powder was added to 6.25% by mass of H3PO4In methanol solution, stirring at 25 deg.C for 24 hr, and evaporating excessive methanol to obtain load H3PO4The derivatized carbon powder of (1). Load H3PO4The derivatized carbon powder of (a) was calcined in a tube furnace at a ramp rate of 15 deg.C/min to 1000 deg.C for 2 hours under a nitrogen flow of 15 mL/min. After calcination, washing the product with deionized water, and vacuum-drying at 100 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain ZiF-8 derived P, N-codoped 3D derived porous carbon, which is recorded as P-NPC-1000 and has the total weight of1.04 g, P content 0.95% and N content 2.33%.
As shown in FIG. 1, the XPS characterization result of P-NPC-800 shows that the configuration of N in the carbon material skeleton is divided into graphite N and pyridine N, and the existence form of P is in P-C and P-O bond configuration. The FT-IR spectrum of P-NPC-1000 in FIG. 2 is shown at 1580 cm-1The peak of (A) is an aromatic ring stretching vibration peak and C = N, 1260 cm-1Peak of (2) is a N-H functional group, 1068 cm-1The vibration peak is due to P in the acidic phosphoric ester+-O-998 cm caused by the symmetric vibration of the peak and P-O-P in the polyphosphate-1The minor oscillation peak was attributed to the P-O-C (aromatic) stretching oscillation peak. FIG. 4 shows an electron microscope picture of the P-NPC-1000, which has a rhombic dodecahedron structure and a remarkably rough surface.
Example 4
The ZiF-8-derived N-doped porous carbon NPC prepared in step (1) of example 1 was used to adsorb dibenzothiophene sulfide in N-octane at an initial concentration of 1000 ppmwAnd S, the adding amount of the adsorbent is 1.5 g/L, the adsorption temperature is 25 ℃, centrifugation is carried out after 24 hours of adsorption, and the concentration of dibenzothiophene in the adsorbed solution is measured. The equilibrium adsorption amount of NPC was 38.65 mg S/g.
Example 5
The adsorbents prepared in examples 1-3 were used to adsorb dibenzothiophene sulfide in n-octane at an initial concentration of 1000 ppmwAnd S, adding 1.5 g/L of adsorbent, adsorbing at 25 ℃, centrifuging after adsorbing for 24 hours, recovering the adsorbent, and measuring the concentration of dibenzothiophene in the adsorbed solution. The equilibrium adsorption amount of P-NPC-600 is 25.7 mg S/g, the equilibrium adsorption amount of P-NPC-800 is 44.72 mg S/g, and the equilibrium adsorption amount of P-NPC-1000 is 55.64 mg S/g.
Example 6
The adsorbent prepared in example 3 was used to adsorb thiophene sulfide in n-octane, the initial concentration of thiophene was 0.015 mmol/g, the amount of adsorbent added was 1.5 g/L, the adsorption temperature was 25 ℃, centrifugation was performed after 24 hours of adsorption, the adsorbent was recovered, and the thiophene concentration of the solution after adsorption was measured. The equilibrium adsorption quantity of P-NPC-1000 to thiophene was 22.4 mg S/g.
Example 7
The adsorbent prepared in example 3 was used to adsorb benzothiophene sulfide in n-octane, the initial concentration of benzothiophene was 0.015 mmol/g, the amount of adsorbent added was 1.5 g/L, the adsorption temperature was 25 ℃, centrifugation was performed after 24 hours of adsorption, the adsorbent was recovered, and the benzothiophene concentration of the solution after adsorption was measured. The equilibrium adsorption of P-NPC-1000 to benzothiophene was 78.4 mg S/g.
Example 8
The adsorbent P-NPC-1000 recovered by adsorbing dibenzothiophene in example 5 was regenerated, calcined at 600 ℃ for 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then used to adsorb dibenzothiophene sulfide in n-octane at an initial concentration of 1000 ppmw S, an adsorbent addition amount of 1.5 g/L, an adsorption temperature of 25 ℃, and after 24 hours of adsorption, the adsorbent was recovered by centrifugation, and the dibenzothiophene concentration in the solution after adsorption was measured. The equilibrium adsorption amount of the regenerated adsorbent P-NPC-1000 was 51.82 mg S/g.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of ZiF-8 derived P and N co-doped 3D porous carbon adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing ZiF-8 in a tube furnace, and calcining under the inert gas flow of 10-100 mL/min; after calcining, washing the obtained black solid powder with an acid solution and deionized water respectively to remove residual Zn-containing species, and performing vacuum drying to obtain ZiF-8 derived carbon which is marked as NPC;
(2) h is to be3PO4Dissolving in solvent to form a certain mass fraction of H3PO4Solution of H3PO4NPC is added to the H in a mass ratio of 0.5-23PO4Stirring the solution, and evaporating the excess solvent to obtain a load H3PO4The derivatized carbon powder of (a); load H3PO4The derived carbon powder is placed in a tubular furnace and calcined at the inert gas flow of 10-100 mL/min;
(3) and after calcining, washing the product with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain ZiF-8 derived P and N co-doped 3D derived porous carbon.
2. The preparation method of ZiF-8 derived P, N codoped 3D porous carbon adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the calcination in the step (1) is specifically calcined for 2 to 10 hours by raising the temperature to a corresponding temperature at a rate of 5 to 15 ℃/min.
3. The preparation method of ZiF-8 derived P, N codoped 3D porous carbon adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the inert gas in the step (1) and the step (2) comprises one of nitrogen, argon and helium.
4. The preparation method of ZiF-8 derived P, N codoped 3D porous carbon adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the calcining temperature of the tubular furnace in the step (1) and the step (2) is 600-1200 ℃.
5. The preparation method of ZiF-8 derived P, N codoped 3D porous carbon adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the acid solution in the step (1) comprises one of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and nitric acid.
6. The preparation method of ZiF-8 derived P, N codoped 3D porous carbon adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass fraction of the acid solution in the step (1) is 10-37%.
7. The preparation method of ZiF-8 derived P, N codoped 3D porous carbon adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the solvent in the step (2) comprises one of methanol, ethanol, water, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide.
8. ZiF-8 derived P, N codoped of claim 1The preparation method of the 3D porous carbon adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps: h in the step (2)3PO4The mass fraction of the solution is 2-20%.
9. The preparation method of ZiF-8 derived P, N codoped 3D porous carbon adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the calcination in the step (2) is specifically carried out by raising the temperature to the corresponding temperature at the rate of 5-15 ℃/min for 2-10 hours.
10. Use of the ZiF-8 derived P, N co-doped 3D porous carbon adsorbent prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-9 for adsorption of aromatic sulfides in N-octane.
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