CN113055098A - Frequency domain multiplexing propaganda type single photon source of optical communication waveband - Google Patents
Frequency domain multiplexing propaganda type single photon source of optical communication waveband Download PDFInfo
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- CN113055098A CN113055098A CN202110277103.2A CN202110277103A CN113055098A CN 113055098 A CN113055098 A CN 113055098A CN 202110277103 A CN202110277103 A CN 202110277103A CN 113055098 A CN113055098 A CN 113055098A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29316—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29316—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide
- G02B6/29317—Light guides of the optical fibre type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3551—Crystals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
Abstract
The invention relates to a frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source of an optical communication waveband. Outputting the associated photon pairs at a high rate by a frequency domain broadband quantum associated light source employing an optical communication band; selecting and detecting a plurality of frequency channel idler photons through a dense wavelength division demultiplexer and a single photon detector respectively so as to generate an electric pulse signal, and outputting an announcing electric signal according to the input electric pulse signal by an announcing electric signal processing and generating circuit; declaring that the electrical signal triggers the frequency shift electrical signal generator to generate a frequency shift electrical signal; based on the correlation characteristic of the quantum correlation photon pair in the time domain, the phase modulator shifts the frequency of the signal photons corresponding to the idler photons according to the frequency shift electric signal, so that the frequency domain multiplexing declared single photon source can output high-isotropy single photons at a high speed under the condition of ensuring the purity of the extremely high single photons. All devices used by the invention can be from mature optoelectronic devices, and are beneficial to system assembly preparation and practical development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of quantum detection and quantum network, and particularly relates to a frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source of an optical communication waveband.
Background
In recent years, the photon information technology is gradually moving from experimental research to practical engineering application, including single photon imaging and realization of optical fiber-based quantum invisible state, however, a high-quality single photon source is still the key for restricting practical development. In the application of long-distance quantum detection and quantum networks, especially in quantum invisible transmission states, a single photon source is required to be used, and the method has three important characteristics: emitting photon wave packets as required; the emitted photon wave packet has one photon and only one photon as far as possible; the emitted photon wave packets are highly indistinguishable from one another. The distributed single photon source has the advantages of simple system and expandability, and therefore, the distributed single photon source becomes an important single photon source in quantum detection and quantum network research. The asserted single photon source, while outputting photon wave packets with a high degree of indistinguishability, suffers from the problem that the probability of a photon wave packet containing one photon is less than 1 and from the problem of multi-photon output. The upper limit of the probability of outputting a single photon in a single triggering process in a declared single photon source generated based on the associated two-photon state is 25%, namely the declared single photon source cannot achieve the performance of a deterministic single photon source.
To compensate for the deficiencies of the announced single photon source, methods have been proposed for active multiplexing of the associated photon pairs generated in multiple modes into a preselected common mode. Firstly, a distributed single photon source is multiplexed, and the output probability of multiple photons in a photon wave packet can be inhibited by reducing the average photon pair number in a single mode; secondly, the probability of outputting single photons is increased by increasing the number of active multiplexing modes, so that the probability of outputting single photons under a single trigger is close to 1; finally, by precisely selecting the common mode, the final output photon wave packet can be ensured to have high indistinguishable characteristics. At present, declared single photon sources of spatial domain multiplexing, time domain multiplexing and frequency domain multiplexing have been realized experimentally. Among these schemes, frequency domain multiplexing has a very significant advantage. Specifically, in the frequency domain degree of freedom, since the loss of the used frequency shift device is constant, the increase of the number of modes for multiplexing the distributed photon source is not affected by the loss of the optical switch. However, the working wavelength of the currently realized frequency domain multiplexing distributed single photon source is not in the range of the optical communication waveband, so that the method is not suitable for the application of optical fiber base length distance quantum detection and quantum networks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a single photon source with a declared optical communication band in frequency domain multiplexing, which can improve the single photon output rate under the condition of ensuring the single photon purity, realize long-distance and high-speed transmission in optical fibers and promote the practicability of the single photon source with the declared optical communication band.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a frequency domain multiplexing declared single photon source for an optical communication band, including a frequency domain broadband quantum associated light source (broadband-photon source)1 for an optical communication band, a dense wavelength division demultiplexer 2, n single photon detectors 31, 32.. 3n, where n is a positive integer, a declared electrical signal processing and generating circuit 4, a frequency shift electrical signal generator 5, an optical delay module 6, and a phase modulator 7;
frequency domain broadband signal photon omega generated by frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source 1 of optical communication wavebandsEntering an optical delay module 6 for delaying and then entering a phase modulator 7;
frequency domain broadband idler photon omega generated by frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source 1 of optical communication wavebandiInputting into a dense wavelength division demultiplexer 2 for frequency domain filtering, the dense wavelength division demultiplexer 2 outputting idler photons omega of n frequency modesi1…ωinThe idler photons of n frequency modes are respectively detected by n single photon detectorsThen the generated electric pulse signals respectively enter an announcing electric signal processing and generating circuit 4, the announcing electric signal processing and generating circuit carries out electric pulse shaping and analog-to-digital conversion on the input electric pulse signals in sequence, after time delay and logical OR operation, the same two paths of declared electrical signals are output, one path of declared electrical signals are output from the frequency domain multiplexing declared single photon source of the optical communication waveband and used for declaring the existence of signal photons which are quantum-related to the idler photons, the other path of declared electrical signals enter a frequency shift signal generator 5, the frequency shift signal generator 5 generates frequency shift electrical signals with different delay amounts according to the delay amount of the declared electrical signals, the frequency shift electrical signals enter a phase modulator 7, the phase modulator 7 shifts the frequency of the frequency domain broadband signal photons input into the phase modulator according to the frequency shift electrical signals, and finally identical single photons are output;
the announcing of the time delay of the electrical signal processing and generating circuit is specifically: the electric signal processing and generating circuit is declared to delay the input electric pulse signal according to the preset delay amount of the electric pulse signal generated from different single photon detectors and the delay amount of the optical delay module 6, so that the frequency shift electric signal output by the frequency shift signal generator 5 enters the phase modulator 7 and then is subjected to the frequency shift with the idler frequency photon omegaiSignal photon omega with quantum correlationsFrequency shift is carried out to realize signal photon omegasFrequency shifting by different frequency shifting amounts.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source 1 of the optical communication waveband comprises a laser source 8, an optical amplifier 9, an adjustable optical attenuator 10, a polarization controller 11, a band-pass filter 12, a nonlinear optical medium 13, a notch filter 14 and a wavelength selection device 15 which are connected in sequence, wherein the wavelength selection device 15 respectively outputs frequency domain broadband idler photons omegaiSum frequency domain broadband signal photons omegas。
Further, the single photon detectors 31 and 32.. 3n, where n is a positive integer, are semiconductor avalanche photodiode single photon detectors, frequency up-conversion single photon detectors, photon sum frequency single photon detectors, or superconducting nanowire single photon detectors.
Further, the dense wavelength division demultiplexer 3 is a thin film type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, a spatial grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, an array waveguide grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer or a fiber grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer.
Further, the declaration electric signal processing and generating circuit 4 is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip, or a single-chip microcomputer.
Further, the frequency shift electric signal generator 5 is a transistor amplifier or a microwave amplifier.
Further, the optical delay module 6 is an optical fiber delay line or a free space optical delay line.
Further, the phase modulator 7 is an electro-optical phase modulator using KDP crystal or lithium niobate crystal as electro-optical crystal, or a silicon-based integrated electro-optical phase modulator.
Further, the laser source 8 is a solid laser, a gas laser, a semiconductor laser or a dye laser which are output by direct current or pulse;
and/or the polarization controller 11 is a slide group polarization controller or an optical fiber polarization controller.
Further, the nonlinear optical medium 13 is a periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal, a periodically polarized potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, or a periodically polarized barium metaborate crystal;
and/or the notch filter 14 is a notch filter, a thin film type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, a space grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, an array waveguide grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer or a fiber grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer;
and/or, the wavelength selection device 15 is a band-pass filter, a thin film dense wavelength division demultiplexer, a spatial grating dense wavelength division demultiplexer, an array waveguide grating dense wavelength division demultiplexer or a fiber grating dense wavelength division demultiplexer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a frequency domain multiplexing declared single photon source of an optical communication waveband, which adopts a frequency domain broadband quantum associated light source to output quantum associated photon pairs at a high rate; then, a dense wavelength division demultiplexer and a single photon detector are used for respectively selecting and detecting idler photons of a plurality of frequency channels, so that electric pulse signals are generated, an electrical signal processing and generating circuit is declared to output electrical signals according to the input electric pulse signals, and the electrical signals are declared to trigger a frequency shift electrical signal generator to output frequency shift electrical signals; based on the correlation characteristic of quantum correlation photon pairs in the time domain, the phase modulator shifts the frequency of signal photons corresponding to idler photons according to the frequency shift electric signal, so that the frequency domain multiplexing declared single photon source outputs high-isotropy single photons in an optical communication waveband at a high speed under the condition of ensuring extremely high single photon purity, and the method can be applied to optical fiber based long-distance quantum detection and quantum networks. Meanwhile, all devices used by the invention can be from mature photoelectronic devices, which is beneficial to system assembly preparation and practical development, and the whole device has the characteristics of easy assembly, miniaturization, practicability, integration of optical fiber devices and even on-chip integration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency domain multiplexing distributed single photon source of an optical communication waveband according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency-domain broadband quantum correlation light source of an optical communication band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a measurement system of a second-order autocorrelation function of a frequency domain multiplexing distributed single photon source of an optical communication band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry system between a frequency domain multiplexing distributed single photon source and a weak coherent light source of an optical communication band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a single photon spectrum of a signal photon before and after frequency shifting, respectively;
FIG. 6 is a measurement result of a function value of a normalized second-order autocorrelation function of a single photon source at a zero delay point under different single photon output rates in a frequency domain multiplexing declaration type of an optical communication waveband;
FIG. 7 shows the results of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry between a single photon source and a weak coherent light source with frequency domain multiplexing of optical communication bands.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source, 2, dense wavelength division demultiplexer, 31, 32.. 3 n: n single photon detectors, n being a positive integer, H1、H2…Hn: the serial number of the electric pulse signals output by the n single photon detectors, 4, a declaration of an electric signal processing and generating circuit, 5, a frequency shift electric signal generator, 6, a light delay module, 7, a phase modulator, 8, a laser source, 9, a light amplifier, 10, a tunable light attenuator, 11, a polarization controller, 12, a band-pass filter, 13, a nonlinear optical medium, 14, a notch filter, 15, a wavelength selection device, 16, a frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source, 17, a first optical fiber beam splitter, 18, a first single photon detector, 19, a second single photon detector, 20, a first time digital converter, 21, a pulse laser, 22, a first tunable optical fiber, 23, a tunable light delay line, 24, a first optical fiber polarization controller, 25, a second optical fiber polarization controller, 26, a first optical fiber polarization beam splitter, 27, a second optical fiber polarization beam splitter, 28. a second optical fiber beam splitter 29, a third single-photon detector 30, a fourth single-photon detector 41, a second time-to-digital converter 42, a first data processing device 43 and a second data processing device.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the frequency domain multiplexing declared single photon source of an optical communication band provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a frequency domain broadband quantum-associated light source (branched broadband quantum-associated photon-pair source)1 of an optical communication band, a dense wavelength division demultiplexer 2, n single photon detectors 31, 32.. 3n, where n is a positive integer, a declared electrical signal processing and generating circuit 4, a frequency shift electrical signal generator 5, an optical delay module 6, and a phase modulator 7;
frequency domain broadband signal photon omega generated by frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source 1 of optical communication wavebandsEntering an optical delay module 6 for delaying and then entering a phase modulator 7;
frequency domain broadband idler photon omega generated by frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source 1 of optical communication wavebandiInputting into a dense wavelength division demultiplexer 2 for frequency domain filtering, the dense wavelength division demultiplexer 2 outputting idler photons (omega) of n frequency modesi1…ωin) After the idler frequency photons of n frequency modes are respectively detected by n single photon detectors, the generated electric pulse signals respectively enter a declaration electric signal processing and generating circuit 4, the declaration electric signal processing and generating circuit outputs two identical declaration electric signals after sequentially carrying out electric pulse shaping, analog-to-digital conversion, time delay and logic OR operation on the input electric pulse signals, one declaration electric signal is output from a frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source of the optical communication waveband and used for declaring the existence of signal photons which are quantum-related to the idler frequency photons, the other declaration electric signal enters a frequency shift signal generator 5, the frequency shift signal generator 5 generates frequency shift electric signals with different delay amounts according to the delay amount of the declaration electric signals, the frequency shift electric signals enter a phase modulator 7, the phase modulator 7 shifts the frequency of the frequency domain broadband signal photons input therein according to the frequency shift electric signals, finally outputting identical single photons;
the announcing of the time delay of the electrical signal processing and generating circuit is specifically: the electric signal processing and generating circuit is declared to delay the input electric pulse signal according to the preset delay amount of the electric pulse signal generated from different single photon detectors and the delay amount of the optical delay module 6, so that the frequency shift electric signal output by the frequency shift signal generator 5 enters the phase modulator 7 and then is subjected to the frequency shift with the idler frequency photon omegaiSignal photon omega with quantum correlationsFrequency shift is carried out to realize signal photon omegasFrequency shifting by different frequency shifting amounts.
In the above embodiment, the frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source 1 of the optical communication band outputs the frequency domain broadband signal photon ωsSum frequency domain broadband idler photon omegaiAre quantum correlated photon pairs. Since the quantum-correlated photon pair is generated and output in a wide frequency range, the frequency-domain broadband quantum-correlated light source 1 can output the quantum-correlated photon pair at a high rate.
The dense wavelength division demultiplexer 2 is provided with a plurality of output ports, and idler photons with different frequency modes are output at different output ports through a filtering process; for example, the bandwidth of each frequency domain mode is 6.5GHz and the spacing between modes is 12.5 GHz.
n single- photon detectors 31, 32.. 3n, n being a positive integer, for respectively detecting the input idler photons of n frequency modes and correspondingly outputting n paths of electrical pulse signals;
it is stated that the electrical signal processing and generating circuit 4 has a plurality of input ports and two output ports, and is configured to perform electrical pulse shaping, analog-to-digital conversion, time delay, and logical or operation on the electrical pulse signal Hi (i ═ 1,2, … … n) output by the single-photon detector detecting the idler photons of each frequency mode, where the time delay specifically is: the electric signal processing and generating circuit is declared to delay the input electric pulse signal according to the preset delay amount of the electric pulse signal generated from different single photon detectors and the delay amount of the optical delay module 6, so that the frequency shift electric signal output by the frequency shift signal generator 5 enters the phase modulator 7 and then is subjected to the frequency shift with the idler frequency photon omegai1…ωinSignal photon omega with quantum correlationsFrequency shift is carried out to realize the signal photon omegasFrequency shifting by different frequency shifting amounts. The delay amounts of the electric pulse signals generated from different single photon detectors and the delay amount of the optical delay module 6 preset in the electric signal processing and generating circuit can be set arbitrarily according to the actual needs of technicians.
The frequency shift electric signal generator 5 is used for generating frequency shift electric signals with different frequency shift amounts according to the input declared electric signals, the frequency shift electric signals are input into the phase modulator 7, the phase modulator 7 carries out frequency shift on input signal photons according to the frequency shift electric signals, and the photons output by the phase modulator 7 have high isotropy in a frequency domain, namely, high-isotropy single photons are output. For example, the frequency shift electrical signal is an electrical signal formed by sequentially connecting n ramp signals (ramp signals) with different slopes in a time domain. The frequency shift electric signal generator 5 generates frequency shift electric signals with different delay amounts according to the time delay of the declared electric signals. The frequency shift electric signal enters the phase modulator 7, and meanwhile, the signal photons enter the phase modulator 7 after being delayed by the optical delay module, so that the phase modulator 7 performs linear phase modulation (linear phase modulation) on the signal photons according to the ramp signals, which coincide with the signal photons in the time domain, in the frequency shift electric signal, thereby realizing the frequency shift of the signal photons having quantum association with the idler photons and becoming frequency domain high identity photons.
Optionally, the single photon detectors (31, 32.. 3n, n is a positive integer) are semiconductor diode avalanche single photon detectors, frequency up-conversion single photon detectors, photon sum frequency single photon detectors or superconducting nanowire single photon detectors.
Optionally, the dense wavelength division demultiplexer 3 is a thin film dense wavelength division demultiplexer, a spatial grating dense wavelength division demultiplexer, an array waveguide grating dense wavelength division demultiplexer, or a fiber grating dense wavelength division demultiplexer.
Optionally, the declaration electric signal processing and generating circuit 4 is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip or a single-chip microcomputer.
Optionally, the frequency-shift electrical signal generator 5 is a transistor amplifier or a microwave amplifier.
Optionally, the optical delay module 6 is an optical fiber delay device, a free space optical delay device, or a mechanical delay line.
Optionally, the phase modulator 7 is a phase modulator using KDP crystal or lithium niobate crystal as an electro-optical crystal.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source 1 of the optical communication band comprises a laser source 8, an optical amplifier 9, an adjustable optical attenuator 10, a polarization controller 11, a band-pass filter 12, a nonlinear optical medium 13, a notch filter 14 and a wavelength selection device 15 which are connected in sequence, and the wavelength selection device 15 respectively outputs frequency domain broadband idlerFrequency photon omegaiSum frequency domain broadband signal photons omegas。
In the above embodiments, the laser source 8 is used to provide stable dc or pulse pump light, such as a fiber coupled semiconductor laser, providing dc pump light with a center wavelength of 1500nm to 1570 nm.
The optical amplifier 9 is used for amplifying the pump light to realize the function of improving the average optical power of the pump light, and the working wavelength range is 1528nm to 1566 nm. For example, the continuous pump light with the center wavelength of 1540nm and the average power of 0.92mW is boosted to 4.5mW after passing through the optical amplifier.
The adjustable optical attenuator 10 is used to adjust the average optical power of the pump light entering the nonlinear optical medium 13, and the required average optical power of the pump light can be accurately realized by adjusting a knob or the like. For example, the direct current laser outputs 4.5mW power after passing through the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and the power of the laser entering the periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal is reduced to 3.73mW through the variable optical attenuator.
The polarization controller 11 is configured to manipulate the polarization direction of the pump light to ensure that the pump light entering the nonlinear optical medium 13 is linearly polarized light parallel to the polarization main axis of the nonlinear optical medium. The polarization direction of the direct current pump light is adjusted to be parallel to the polarization main axis of the periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal, for example, by using a polarization controller.
The band pass filter 12 is used to filter out amplified spontaneous emission noise generated in the optical amplifier and spontaneous raman scattering noise generated during propagation of the pump light.
The nonlinear optical medium 13 is used to produce an optical nonlinear parametric process that generates broadband quantum-associated photon pairs. For example, the nonlinear optical medium is a periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal, and when continuous pump light with a central wavelength of 1540nm enters along a polarization main axis of the periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal, the 1540nm pump light is converted into laser with a wavelength band of 770nm by an optical frequency doubling process in the crystal, and the 770nm laser generates quantum-associated photon pairs which are distributed in a wide bandwidth range (greater than 50nm) and have a wavelength centered at 1540nm through a 0-type spontaneous parametric down-conversion process.
The notch filter 14 is used to filter the pump light, for example, a single-channel thin-film dense wavelength division demultiplexer with a center wavelength of a transmission end being 1540nm is used as the notch filter, the pump light with a wavelength of 1540nm can be output from the transmission end of the notch filter, and the associated photon pair is output from the reflection end of the notch filter, that is, the pump light is filtered.
The wavelength selection device 15 is used to select, separate and output the frequency domain broadband signal photons and the frequency domain broadband idler photons of the associated photon pair. For example, a dual-channel thin-film dense wavelength division demultiplexer with a transmission end center wavelength of 1549nm and 1531nm and a channel bandwidth of 100GHz is used as the wavelength selection device, and signal photons and idler photons with a transmission end center wavelength of 1549nm and 1531nm and a bandwidth of 100GHz can be selected and output from the two transmission ends respectively.
Optionally, the laser source 8 is a solid laser, a gas laser, a semiconductor laser or a dye laser with direct current output or pulse output;
and/or the polarization controller 11 is a slide type polarization controller or a fiber ring type polarization controller.
Optionally, the nonlinear optical medium 13 is a periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal, a periodically polarized potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, or a periodically polarized barium metaborate crystal;
and/or the notch filter 14 is a notch filter, a thin film type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, a space grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, an array waveguide grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer or a fiber grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer;
and/or, the wavelength selection device 15 is a band-pass filter, a thin film dense wavelength division demultiplexer, a spatial grating dense wavelength division demultiplexer, an array waveguide grating dense wavelength division demultiplexer or a fiber grating dense wavelength division demultiplexer.
The experimental system shown in fig. 3 is a measurement system of the second-order self-correlation function of the optical communication band frequency domain multiplexing distributed single photon source, and includes the optical communication band frequency domain multiplexing distributed single photon source 16 shown in fig. 1, a first optical fiber beam splitter 17, and a second optical fiber beam splitterA single-photon detector 18, a second single-photon detector 19, a first time-to-digital converter 20; the signal photons output by the optical communication waveband frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source 16 and a declaration electrical signal (analog signal) are respectively input into the first optical fiber beam splitter 17 and the first time-to-digital converter 20. Photons output from two output ends of the first optical fiber beam splitter 17 are detected by a first single-photon detector 18 and a second single-photon detector 19 respectively, and two paths of generated electric pulse signals enter a first time-to-digital converter 20. The time-to-digital converter obtains a single photon rate (HPS rate) according to the two input electric pulse signals, and obtains a triple coincidence count between the electric signal and the two electric pulse signals and a double coincidence count between the electric signal and the two electric pulse signals when the time delay tau between the two electric pulse signals input into the time-to-digital converter takes different values according to the input electric signal and the two electric pulse signals. The first data processing device 42 calculates the triple coincidence counting and the double coincidence counting according to the time delay tau when different values are obtained to obtain the normalized second-order autocorrelation function g of the frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source 16(2)(τ) when τ is 0, g is obtained(2)(τ) function values at the zero delay point.
Fig. 4 shows a measuring system of Hong-Ou-mantel interference between a frequency domain multiplexing distributed single photon source and a weak coherent light source in the embodiment of fig. 1, which includes the frequency domain multiplexing distributed single photon source 16 in the optical communication band of fig. 1, a pulse laser 21, an adjustable optical attenuator 22, an adjustable optical delay line 23, a first optical fiber polarization controller 24, a second optical fiber polarization controller 25, a first optical fiber polarization beam splitter 26, a second optical fiber polarization beam splitter 27, a second optical fiber beam splitter 28, a third single photon detector 29, a fourth single photon detector 30, and a second time-to-digital converter 41; the single photons output by the single photon source 16 are input into the first optical fiber polarization controller 24 through the frequency domain multiplexing of the optical communication waveband. The output of the first fiber polarization controller 24 is connected to the input of a first fiber polarization splitter 26. One of the two outputs of the first fiber optic polarization splitter 26 is connected to one input of a second fiber optic splitter 28. The adjustable optical attenuator 22 is configured to attenuate the pulse laser generated by the pulse laser 21 to a level where an average photon number per pulse is a single photon, and the attenuated pulse is used as a weak coherent pulse (weak coherent pulse) in Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, and the weak coherent pulse is input into the second fiber polarization beam splitter 27 after passing through the adjustable optical delay line 23 and the second fiber polarization controller 25 which are connected in sequence. One of the two output ends of the second fiber polarization beam splitter 27 is connected to the other input end of the fiber coupler. Photons entering the two input ends of the second fiber splitter 28 undergo Hong-Ou-mantel interference. The polarization directions of the photons entering the second optical fiber beam splitter 28 from the first optical fiber polarization beam splitter 26 and the second optical fiber polarization beam splitter 27 are the same, so that the photon polarization isotropy required by the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference is ensured. The first fiber polarization controller 24 and the second fiber polarization controller 25 are adjusted to maximize the number of photons that enter the second fiber beam splitter 28 from the first fiber polarization beam splitter 26 and the second fiber polarization beam splitter 27.
Photons output by two output ends of the second optical fiber beam splitter 28 are detected by a third single-photon detector 29 and a fourth single-photon detector 30 respectively, and generated electric pulse signals are input into a second time-to-digital converter 41; meanwhile, a declaration electrical signal (analog signal) output by the optical communication band frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source 16 is also input into the second time-to-digital converter 41.
When the delay of the tunable optical delay line 23 takes different values, the second time-to-digital converter 41 obtains two paths of electrical pulse signals and a triple coincidence count (three-fold coincidence) of the electrical signal, and the second data processing device 43 takes the triple coincidence count of the tunable optical delay line taking different values according to the delay of the tunable optical delay line, and obtains a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference curve through data fitting.
Alternatively, the pulse laser 21 is a solid laser, a gas laser, a semiconductor laser, or a dye laser that outputs pulses.
Optionally, the adjustable light delay line 23 is a manual delay line or an electric delay line;
and/or the third single-photon detector 29 and the fourth single-photon detector 30 are semiconductor avalanche photodiode single-photon detectors or superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors;
and/or the second time-to-digital converter 41 is an ID900 time-to-digital converter, with a fast count rate of up to 100Mcps per channel and a resolution of 100 ps.
Alternatively, the first data processing device 42 and the second data processing device 43 are computers.
FIG. 5 shows the measurement results of single photon spectra of signal photons before and after frequency shift, respectively. The abscissa is the relative frequency of the signal photons and the ordinate is the count of the signal photons. When the frequency-shifted electrical signal is not acting on signal photons, as in fig. 5(a), the spectral distribution of the output signal photons appears as three separate frequency modes (f)s+，fs0，fs-) (ii) a After the frequency shifted electrical signal acts on the signal photons in the phase modulator, as shown in fig. 5(b), three separate frequency modes are multiplexed into a common frequency mode by the ramp signal with different slopes. The result shows that the declared single photon source in the embodiment realizes frequency domain multiplexing and can output single photons with high frequency domain isotropy.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a second-order self-correlation function g of a single photon source with a spread spectrum of frequency domain multiplexing of optical communication bands by the system of FIG. 3(2)(τ) and g at different Single photon rates(2)(0) The measurement result of (1). The inset in FIG. 6 is the second order autocorrelation function g at an asserted single photon rate of 21.1kHz(2)(τ), g can be seen(2)(τ) gradually approaches 0 from 1 as τ approaches 0, thereby showing the characteristic of a distinct single-photon source. The data points in the main graph of FIG. 6 are g at different single photon output rates(2)(0) The dashed line is a quadratic function pair g(2)(0) Data were fitted. It can be seen that g is at a single photon rate of 3.1kHz(2)(0) The single photon output by the single photon source is high in single photon purity according to the frequency domain multiplexing declaration of the optical communication waveband, namely 0.0006 +/-0.0001 and far less than 0.5; g at a single photon velocity of 21.5kHz(2)(0) 0.0140 ± 0.0009, which is described in the examplesThe frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source simultaneously realizes the generation of single photons with high speed and high purity.
Alternatively, the first fiber splitter 17 may be an 50/50 fiber splitter;
and/or the first single-photon detector 18 and the second single-photon detector 19 can be semiconductor avalanche photodiode single-photon detectors or superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors;
and/or the first time to digital converter 20 may be an ID900 time to digital converter with a fast count rate of up to 100Mcps per channel and a resolution of 100 ps.
FIG. 7 is an experimental result of measuring the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between the frequency domain multiplexed distributed single photon source and the weak coherent pulse in the optical communication band using the system shown in FIG. 4. The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference curves shown in FIG. 7 are all normalized results. The data points represented by circles are normalized triple coincidence counts between the two electrical pulse signals input into the time-to-digital converter 31 and the declared electrical signals, the dotted lines are Hong-Ou-mantel interference curves obtained by fitting the normalized triple coincidence count data points, and the visibility is 49.50% ± 2.84%. Data points represented by diamonds are corrected normalized triple coincidence counts after the non-ideal frequency mode purity of the frequency reuse declared single photon source in the experiment is considered, dashed lines are Hong-Ou-Mandel interference curves obtained by fitting the corrected normalized triple coincidence counts, and the visibility is 60.99 +/-4.80%; the solid line is a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference curve between a single-mode single photon source and a weak coherent light source with equal pulse width calculated according to a second order correlation function theory of a light field, a quantization model of a weak coherent pulse, a quantization model of a single photon field and a quantum optical model of a beam splitter, the visibility is 66.7%, and the solid line is the theoretical upper limit of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference curve visibility between the single photon source and the weak coherent light source. It can be seen that the visibility of the Hong-Ou-mantel interference curve shown by the dashed line exceeds the classical limit of 50% and approaches the theoretical upper limit (per-fold upper bound) of 66.7% obtained by theoretical calculation, which indicates that the single photon output by the frequency multiplexing declaration type single photon source has higher isotropy.
The invention relates to a frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source of an optical communication waveband. Outputting the associated photon pairs at a high rate by a frequency domain broadband quantum associated light source employing an optical communication band; selecting and detecting a plurality of frequency channel idler photons through a dense wavelength division demultiplexer and a single photon detector respectively so as to generate an electric pulse signal, and outputting an announcing electric signal according to the input electric pulse signal by an announcing electric signal processing and generating circuit; the declaration electric signal triggers the frequency shift electric signal generator to generate a frequency shift electric signal, and the frequency shift electric signal shifts the signal photons corresponding to the idler photons based on the correlation characteristic of the quantum-associated photon pairs in the time domain, so that the frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source can output high-isotropy single photons at a high speed under the condition of ensuring the purity of the extremely high single photons. All devices used by the invention can be from mature photoelectronic devices, which is beneficial to system assembly preparation and practical development, and the whole device has the characteristics of easy assembly, miniaturization, practicability, and integration of optical fiber devices and even on-chip integration.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A declared single photon source for frequency domain multiplexing of an optical communication waveband is characterized by comprising a frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source (1) of the optical communication waveband, a dense wavelength division demultiplexer (2), n single photon detectors (31, 32.. 3n, n is a positive integer), a declared electrical signal processing and generating circuit (4), a frequency shift electrical signal generator (5), an optical delay module (6) and a phase modulator (7);
frequency domain broadband signal photons (omega) generated by a frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source (1) of an optical communication bands) Entering an optical delay module (6) for delaying, and then entering a phase modulator (7);
frequency domain broadband idler photons (omega) generated by a frequency domain broadband quantum correlation light source (1) of an optical communication wavebandi) The signal is input into a dense wavelength division demultiplexer (2) for frequency domain filtering, and the dense wavelength division demultiplexer (2) outputs idler photons (omega) of n frequency modesi1…ωin) After the idler frequency photons of n frequency modes are respectively detected by n single photon detectors, the generated electric pulse signals respectively enter a declaration electric signal processing and generating circuit (4), the declaration electric signal processing and generating circuit outputs two identical declaration electric signals after sequentially carrying out electric pulse shaping, analog-to-digital conversion, time delay and logic OR operation on the input electric pulse signals, one declaration electric signal is output from a frequency domain multiplexing declaration type single photon source of the optical communication waveband and used for announcing the existence of signal photons which are quantum-associated with the idler frequency photons, the other declaration electric signal enters a frequency shift signal generator (5), the frequency shift signal generator (5) generates frequency shift electric signals with different delay amounts according to the delay amount of the announced electric signals, and the frequency shift electric signals enter a frequency shift signal generator (5)The phase modulator (7) is used for shifting the frequency of the frequency domain broadband signal photons input into the phase modulator (7) according to the frequency shift electric signal and finally outputting identical single photons;
the announcing of the time delay of the electrical signal processing and generating circuit is specifically: the electric signal processing and generating circuit is declared to delay the input electric pulse signal according to the preset delay amount of the electric pulse signal generated from different single photon detectors and the delay amount of the optical delay module (6), so that the frequency shift electric signal output by the frequency shift signal generator (5) enters the phase modulator (7) and then is subjected to the comparison with the idler frequency photon (omega)i) Signal photon (ω) with quantum correlations) Frequency shift is carried out to realize signal photon (omega)s) Frequency shifting by different frequency shifting amounts.
2. The single photon source with declared type on frequency domain multiplexing of optical communication band as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source (1) with quantum correlation of frequency domain broadband of optical communication band comprises a laser source (8), an optical amplifier (9), an adjustable optical attenuator (10), a polarization controller (11), a band-pass filter (12), a nonlinear optical medium (13), a notch filter (14) and a wavelength selection device (15) which are connected in sequence, and the wavelength selection device (15) respectively outputs the frequency domain broadband idler photons (ω) and the wavelength selection device (15)i) And frequency domain broadband signal photons (ω)s)。
3. The optical communication band frequency domain multiplexing declared single photon source of claim 1, wherein the single photon detectors (31, 32.. 3n, n is a positive integer) are semiconductor avalanche photodiode single photon detectors, frequency up-conversion single photon detectors, photon sum frequency single photon detectors or superconducting nanowire single photon detectors.
4. The frequency domain multiplexing declared single photon source of the optical communication band according to claim 1, wherein the dense wavelength division demultiplexer (3) is a thin film type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, a spatial grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, an array waveguide grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer or a fiber grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer.
5. The frequency domain multiplexed announced single photon source of optical communication band according to claim 1, characterized in that said announced electrical signal processing and generating circuit (4) is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip or a monolithic microcomputer.
6. A frequency-domain multiplexed claim single photon source for optical communications bands according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the frequency-shifted electrical signal generator (5) is a transistor amplifier or a microwave amplifier.
7. A frequency domain multiplexed claim single photon source for optical communications bands according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the optical delay module (6) is a fibre delay line or a free space optical delay line.
8. The frequency domain multiplexing declared single photon source for optical communication bands according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the phase modulator (7) is an electro-optical phase modulator with KDP crystal or lithium niobate crystal as electro-optical crystal, or a silicon-based integrated electro-optical phase modulator.
9. The frequency domain multiplexed claim-single photon source of an optical communication band according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the laser source (8) is a solid laser, a gas laser, a semiconductor laser or a dye laser with direct current output or pulse output;
and/or the polarization controller (11) is a slide group polarization controller or an optical fiber polarization controller.
10. The frequency domain multiplexed claim-based single photon source for optical communication bands according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the nonlinear optical medium (13) is a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal, a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, or a periodically poled barium metaborate crystal;
and/or the notch filter (14) is a notch filter, a thin film type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, a space grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, an array waveguide grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer or a fiber grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer;
and/or the wavelength selection device (15) is a band-pass filter, a thin film type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, a space grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer, an array waveguide grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer or a fiber grating type dense wavelength division demultiplexer.
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