CN113054684B - 一种面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法 - Google Patents

一种面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法 Download PDF

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CN113054684B
CN113054684B CN202110333863.0A CN202110333863A CN113054684B CN 113054684 B CN113054684 B CN 113054684B CN 202110333863 A CN202110333863 A CN 202110333863A CN 113054684 B CN113054684 B CN 113054684B
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energy storage
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易斌
赵伟
邓凯
钟国彬
梁崇淦
王伟
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Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法。本发明的方法读取定时削峰填谷计划曲线，计算储能系统补偿有功值和补偿无功，若符合执行复合逻辑控制策略以使得储能系统同时实现具削峰填谷和电能质量治理。本发发明使得布置在台区的首端的储能系统不在受限于接入点位值限制，通过调节储能系统出力，改变台区潮流分布，实现整个台区运行状态的调控。

Description

一种面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电网配电领域，具体涉及一种面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法。
背景技术
储能是构建“清洁低碳、安全高效”能源体系的关键支撑技术和重要组成部分。在能源清洁转型背景下，配电网高质量发展面临高供电可靠性、高资产利用率、高比例可再生能源接入、高新增充电负荷等挑战，虽然配电网投资力度逐年加大，但是局部配电网薄弱问题普遍存在，周期性和短时性供电容量不足、可靠性不高、电能质量问题等依然是用户投诉重点。储能技术作为一种新兴的技术手段，储能系统在配电网局域调峰、延缓配电设施扩容升级、提高供电可靠性、改善电能质量等方面的作用和价值潜力越来越受重视。在改善电能质量方面，储能系统变流器具备四象限运行能力，能够实现有功和无功的解耦控制，可以根据台区负荷变化，快速调节储能系统出力，从而达到优化潮流分布、改善台区电能质量的目的，相比传统方式，储能单元结合电力电子技术，可以同时满足电压越限控制、三相不平衡治理、功率因素调节等多种应用需求，同时还可以平滑分布式新能源发电功率波动，减少分布式新能源接入对台区供电电能质量的影响。在提升供电可靠性方面，储能系统可以发挥削峰填谷作用，降低配变在高峰时段的负载率，降低配变安全运行风险，同时，储能系统还可以发挥备用电源作用，减少台区停电时间，提升台区用电可靠性和供电服务能力。同时，在配电网局域调峰方面，多点分散的台区储能装置，可以在高峰或尖峰负荷时段缓解负荷供入阻塞问题，延缓配网扩容升级，提升电网投资经济性。
低压配电台区的电能质量问题往往多靠近用户端，即发生在低压馈线分支点或末端。受限于低压配电台区通信基础条件较差，建立覆盖整个配电台区的数据监测网络存在较大工程实施难度，且成本相对较大。当前，智能配电台区发展趋势是配置智能电表、智能开关和低压回路测控终端，这些智能设备是电力物联网的底层支撑设备，通常采用基于电力宽带载波的方式实现台区多点运行状态的实时监测，但这些数据往往与台区储能系统的运行控制缺少互联互通。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法。为实现本发明的目的，本发明的技术方案如下。
一种面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法，包括：
读取定时削峰填谷计划曲线，结合电池系统SOC值，生成储能系统有功指令值P1和无功指令值Q1，并判是否下发指令；
判断是否存在电压越限，若是则根据监测数据确定节点位置，基于节点电压方程计算储能系统补偿有功值P2和补偿无功值Q2；其中，节点电压方程为：
Figure BDA0002997445010000021
式中：U0为台区首端电压，Um为单辐射线路第m个节点的电压，Pess和Qess为储能系统输出有功和无功，Pn和Qn为储能系统输出有功和无功第n个节点负荷的有功和无功，r、x分别为线路单位长度的电阻、电抗值，lk为节点间线路长度；
判断是否存在当存三相负荷不平衡，若是则计算储能系统补偿有功值P3和补偿无功值Q3；
判断P是否大于Pmax，Q是否大于Qmax，其中，P＝P1+P2+P3，Q＝Q1+Q2+Q3，Pmax为储能系统变流器最大有功输出值，Qmax为储能系统变流器最大无功输出值，若是则执行复合逻辑控制策略以使得储能系统同时实现具削峰填谷和电能质量治理。
优选的，判断是否下发指令的依据包括：当SOC超过上限预警值时，需要对充电功率值进行限额，当SOC超过下限预警值时，需要对放电功率指令值进行限额。
优选的，复合逻辑控制策略包括：储能系统在日计划运行曲线的定值控制基础上，根据储能并网所在台区电能质量监测结果，得到储能兼顾电能质量治理的实时功率出力值，其中，所述实时控制指令与日计划运行曲线该时刻的指令值进行叠加，得到该时刻储能系统有功、无功指令需求值。
优选的，计算补偿有功P3和补偿无功Q3值包括：
当存在三相负荷不平衡时，判断三相不平衡度；
根据监测节点的三相电压、电流值，确定哪一相功率偏高或偏低，确定补偿相；
计算得到各相负荷有功、无功值后，选定一相有功、无功值为基准，其中基准相有功、无功与补偿相的有功、无功的差值即为补偿有功、无功指令值，约定差值为负储能发出有功、吸收无功，计算补偿有功值P3和补偿无功值Q3。
优选的，指令下达前，根据当前SOC的状态和系统额定参数，使得指令值不超过系统允许值，若超过允许范围，则进行限幅处理。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益技术效果在于：本发明的面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法使得储能系统不需要新增额外的传感监测和通信设备，即可实现关键节点电气信息的采集，使得储能系统的调节控制可以兼顾整个台区；并使得布置在台区的首端的储能系统不在受限于接入点位值限制，只能对接入点进行电能质量治理和负荷控制，可以基于台区整体的运行数据，通过调节储能系统出力，改变台区潮流分布，实现整个台区运行状态的调控。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为基于储能的低压台区电能质量治理方案拓扑图；
图2为面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
如图1所示，本实施例的储能系统安装在配变低压侧首端，通过交流电缆接入配变低压输出母线。智能台区监控装置、低压回路测控终端、智能断路器等是当前低压配网应用的主要监控设备。智能断路器实现低压线路的全线监测、控制和保护，可采集安装点的三相电压和电流数据，并通过宽带载波将数据发送给智能台区监控装置；低压回路测控终端能够高精度测量安装点的低压回路三相电压、电流和功率等基本数据，并通过宽带载波将数据发送给智能台区监控装置；智能台区监控装置能够实现低压配电网智能断路器、低压回路测控终端等安装节点监测数据的统一接入、数据解析和实时计算。
低压回路测控终端和智能断路器的安装可以根据台区拓扑结构和实际工程应用需要进行灵活布置，智能台区监控装置一般安装在配变附近，因智能台区监控装置和智能断路器、低压回路测控终端通信均采用电力宽带载波通信，通信基础设施建设投入成本低。
智能台区监控装置与储能系统之间采用无线或光纤互联，智能台区监控装置将解析和计算之后的电压、电流和功率等电气信息数据通过104通信协议发送给储能系统，同时智能台区监控装置可以对监测点的电能质量进行分析，并给出告警信息给储能系统。当智能台区监控装置和储能系统的安装位置调整时，储能系统仍可以根据上述拓扑结构和部署方案获取各监测点的运行数据。
作为另一实施例，如图2所示，本实施例提供了一种面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法，利用台区分布式储能进行低电压、三相不平衡治理，基于低压配电网运行状态监测装置的监测数据，实现台区关键节点运行状态实时感知和调节，使低压配电台区储能系统不管接入什么位置，均可以兼顾配电台区供电电能质量的调节。
储能系统本地监控终端检测系统运行状态，读取定时削峰填谷计划曲线，并结合电池系统SOC值，生成储能变流器有功P1、无功Q1指令；定时削峰填谷计划曲线是指在储能系统本地监控内设置的带时标的有功、无功指令值；
储能系统本地监控在定时削峰填谷计划曲线的指令值基础上，结合SOC值，判断该指令是否可以下发，判断依据为，当SOC超过上限预警值时，需要对充电功率值进行限额，当SOC超过下限预警值时，需要对放电功率指令值进行限额。
储能系统本地监控终端通过104通信实时获取智能台区监控装置数据，对台区关键节点电压、电流、功率进行计算分析，对电能质量进行评估；
当存在电压越限，如低电压时，根据监测数据确定节点位置，根据线路参数估算线路阻抗，并基于节点电压方程计算储能系统补偿有功P2、无功Q2值；
节点电压方程：
Figure BDA0002997445010000051
式中：U0为台区首端电压，Um为单辐射线路第m个节点的电压，Pess和Qess为储能系统输出有功和无功，Pn和Qn为储能系统输出有功和无功第n个节点负荷的有功和无功，r和x分别为线路单位长度的电阻和电抗值，lk为节点间线路长度。
当存在三相负荷不平衡时，判断三相不平衡度，确定补偿相，并计算补偿有功P3和Q3值，进行三相负荷不平衡治理时，储能变流器需为三相独立H桥储能变流器，可实现分相独立调节；根据监测节点的三相电压、电流值，可以确定哪一相功率偏高或偏低。
计算得到各相负荷有功、无功值后，选定某一相有功、无功值为基准，基准相有功、无功与补偿相的有功、无功的差值即为补偿有功、无功指令值，约定差值为负储能发出有功、吸收无功。
基于计划的削峰填谷定值控制指令和上述电能质量治理需量控制指令，实现复合逻辑控制，使得储能系统同时具备削峰填谷和电能质量治理功能。复合逻辑控制是指储能系统在日计划运行曲线的定值控制基础上，根据储能并网所在台区电能质量监测结果，按上述的控制策略，得到储能兼顾电能质量治理的实时功率出力值，该实时控制指令与日计划运行曲线该时刻的指令值进行叠加，得到该时刻储能系统有功、无功指令需求值，从而实现“定值控制+需求控制”的复合控制策略逻辑。
复合指令下达前，需要根据当前SOC的状态和系统额定参数，确定指令值不超过系统允许值，若超过允许范围，则进行限幅处理。
以上所述实施例，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制，本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或可轻易想到变化，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改、变化或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请实施例技术方案的精神和范围。都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (4)

1.一种面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
读取定时削峰填谷计划曲线，结合电池系统SOC值，生成储能系统有功指令值P1和无功指令值Q1，并下发指令,判断是否下发指令的依据包括：当SOC超过上限预警值时，需要对充电功率值进行限额，当SOC超过下限预警值时，需要对放电功率指令值进行限额；
判断是否存在电压越限，若是则根据监测数据确定节点位置，基于节点电压方程计算储能系统补偿有功值P2和补偿无功值Q2；其中，节点电压方程为：
Figure FDA0003909343510000011
式中：U0为台区首端电压，Um为单辐射线路第m个节点的电压，Pess和Qess为储能系统输出有功和无功，Pn和Qn为储能系统输出有功和无功第n个节点负荷的有功和无功，r、x分别为线路单位长度的电阻、电抗值，lk为节点间线路长度；
判断是否存在当存三相负荷不平衡，若是则计算储能系统补偿有功值P3和补偿无功值Q3；
判断P是否大于Pmax，Q是否大于Qmax，其中，P＝P1+P2+P3，Q＝Q1+Q2+Q3，Pmax为储能系统变流器最大有功输出值，Qmax为储能系统变流器最大无功输出值，若是则执行复合逻辑控制策略以使得储能系统同时实现具削峰填谷和电能质量治理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法，其特征在于，复合逻辑控制策略包括：储能系统在日计划运行曲线的定值控制基础上，根据储能并网所在台区电能质量监测结果，得到储能兼顾电能质量治理的实时功率出力值，其中，实时控制指令与日计划运行曲线该时刻的指令值进行叠加，得到该时刻储能系统有功、无功指令需求值。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一所述的面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法，其特征在于，计算补偿有功P3和补偿无功Q3值包括：
当存在三相负荷不平衡时，判断三相不平衡度；
根据监测节点的三相电压、电流值，确定哪一相功率偏高或偏低，确定补偿相；
计算得到各相负荷有功、无功值后，选定一相有功、无功值为基准，其中基准相有功、无功与补偿相的有功、无功的差值即为补偿有功、无功指令值，约定差值为负，储能发出有功、吸收无功，计算补偿有功值P3和补偿无功值Q3。
4.根据权利要求3所述的面向电能质量治理的分布式储能控制方法，其特征在于，指令下达前，根据当前SOC的状态和系统额定参数，使得指令值不超过系统允许值，若超过允许范围，则进行限幅处理。
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