CN113051694A - Power grid topology modeling method based on graph theory - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power grid topology modeling method based on graph theory, which is used for acquiring basic attributes, terminals and connection node information of all conductive equipment; constructing a graph vertex according to the information of the current conductive equipment, and adding the graph vertex into a set of the graph vertices; acquiring a conductive equipment list associated with a current connection node; if the conductive equipment comprises a bus (or an operating rod), connecting the rest equipment with the bus (or the operating rod), constructing edges, and adding the edges into a set; if the conductive equipment does not comprise a bus (or a running rod), the equipment is connected in pairs to form edges, and the edges are added into a set. Compared with the mainstream method, the method can obviously reduce the data volume of the graph generated by modeling, thereby reducing the resource consumption and improving the analysis efficiency; and meanwhile, the multi-position switch can support various switch states, and complex switch splitting operation is not required.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power grid topology modeling method based on graph theory, and belongs to the technical field of power grid equipment topology modeling.
Background
The power grid topology analysis is the basis of power system simulation and analysis calculation. A conventional power grid topology analysis algorithm is generally developed based on a CIM (common information model) in IEC61970 standard or an SG-CIM (signal-to-multipoint model) formulated by national grid companies, and a topology analysis mode is established through a power equipment model and a connection relation model on the basis of a search traversal algorithm.
The CIM/SG-CIM model based topology analysis can achieve information sharing among various systems and reduce corresponding resource waste due to the adoption of a standardized model structure. However, the method can only adapt to a small-range local power grid topology analysis scene, and for a large-scale power grid topology analysis scene, due to the fact that the amount of related power grid equipment is greatly increased, data query is slow, and performance cannot meet actual requirements.
In recent years, researchers at home and abroad try to use graph theory and graph calculation method to abstract a power grid structure into a graph structure for power grid topology analysis, so as to solve the problem of topology analysis efficiency of large-scale power grid data. In the power grid topology analysis method based on the graph theory, the problems of the design of a graph model and the conversion method of a CIM/SG-CIM topology model to the graph model are in the fundamental core position, and the subsequent topology analysis function and performance are directly influenced. However, when processing large-scale grid data, the existing conversion method has huge converted graph data amount (the number of "vertices" and the number of "edges"), which results in high consumption of computing resources and a decrease in analysis efficiency.
Furthermore, grid topology analysis often needs to take into account the real-time status of the switches. In the topology tracking process, if a tracked switch is in a closed state, the down tracking is continued; if the switch is in the off state, the tracking will be stopped. This topology analysis is called "dynamic" topology analysis. However, the existing power grid topology modeling method can only support common two-terminal switches, and the corresponding switch states are only divided into two types, namely on and off, but 3 or more complex switch states exist for multi-position switches with 3 or more terminals, such as a T-type switch, a V-type switch, a bidirectional isolating switch and the like. The existing method can only split the switch into a plurality of virtual two-terminal ordinary switches for modeling. The operation is very complex, and data inconsistency is easily caused in the practical application process.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a power grid topology modeling method based on graph theory.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a power grid topology modeling method based on graph theory comprises the following steps:
creating a corresponding vertex in a graph structure for each conductive device, generating a unique identification code in real time to be assigned as a vertex ID attribute of the vertex, and assigning a device type and a device ID attribute of the conductive device as a vertex device type and a vertex device ID attribute of the vertex; for the switch equipment, establishing a mapping relation between a switch state and a terminal connection state, and mapping the switch state attribute of the switch equipment into a terminal connection state attribute at a vertex; for non-switch equipment, the attribute of 'terminal connection state' is assigned to be null;
for each connecting node, searching all conductive equipment connected with the connecting node, forming an equipment set by the conductive equipment, and if the equipment set comprises a bus or an operating rod, respectively creating an edge connected with the bus or the operating rod for the rest equipment in the equipment set; if the device set does not contain a bus or a running bar, creating an edge between every two devices in the set; the method comprises the steps of generating a unique identification code in real time, assigning an attribute of 'edge ID' of an edge, assigning an attribute of 'edge device type' of an edge to be null, assigning a vertex ID and a connecting terminal number corresponding to a conductive device connected to one end of the edge to be an attribute of 'initial vertex ID' and 'initial terminal' of the edge respectively, and assigning a vertex ID and a connecting terminal number corresponding to a conductive device connected to the other end of the edge to be an attribute of 'ending vertex ID' and 'ending terminal' of the edge respectively.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
for the vertex with the vertex device type of line type and the number of edges connected with the vertex of 2, combining the vertex and two edges connected with the vertex into a new edge, wherein the edge ID attribute of the new edge is a unique identification code generated in real time; the attributes of the edge device type and the edge device ID of the new edge are taken from the attributes of the vertex device type and the vertex device ID of the merged vertex; the "start vertex ID", "start terminal", "end vertex ID", "end terminal" attributes of the new edge are taken from the vertex IDs and connected terminal numbers of the opposite two vertices of the two edges connected by the merged vertex.
Preferably, the line type device includes: wire, cable, connecting wire, circuit.
Preferably, the "device type", "device ID" and "switch state" of the conductive device are obtained from basic attribute information and topology connection information of the grid conductive device in a production management or scheduling management system.
Preferably, the device terminal and connection node information is obtained from CIM/SG-CIM standard.
As a preferred solution, the "switch state" attribute of the switch-class device is mapped to the "terminal connection state" attribute of the vertex, and the specific content is as follows:
has the advantages that: compared with the mainstream method, the power grid topology modeling method based on the graph theory can obviously reduce the graph data amount generated by modeling, thereby reducing the resource consumption and improving the analysis efficiency; and meanwhile, the multi-position switch can support various switch states, and complex switch splitting operation is not required. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the traditional power grid topological model of the power system is converted into a graph model, dynamic topological analysis of the power grid is realized through attributes such as the starting terminal, the terminating terminal and the terminal connectivity of the vertex, the complex switching state of the multi-position switch is supported, and complicated switch splitting operation is not needed.
(2) By adopting the combination processing of the vertex and the edge, the data volume of the graph can be obviously reduced, the resource consumption is favorably reduced, and the analysis efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of terminal-connecting nodes in the CIM/SG-CIM standard;
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating compression of graph data volumes;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of topology network construction.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
For better illustration of the technical solution, the definitions or explanations of the terms of the related art are given as follows:
terminal and connection node: in the CIM/SG-CIM standard, a topology information model of a power device is represented using a Terminal-connection node model, each conductive Equipment (connecting Equipment) contains several electrical points, called terminals (terminals). The connection Node is a non-resistance fusion point of the terminals of the conductive devices, and the terminals are fused together through the connection Node so as to express the topological connection relationship between the devices. The relationship between the conductive devices, terminals, and connection nodes can be briefly summarized as: an electrically conductive device comprising one or more terminals; a junction node merges with one or more terminals. As shown in fig. 1, the conductive device a includes two terminals: terminal a-1 and terminal a-2. The conductive device B includes two terminals: terminal B-1 and terminal B-2. The conductive device C comprises two terminals: terminal C-1 and terminal C-2. Terminal a-2 and terminal B-1 are merged together through connection node a, and terminal B-2 and terminal C-1 are merged together through connection node B.
The main technical scheme of the invention comprises two aspects, namely the definition of a graph model and a topological network construction method based on the graph model.
First, graph model definition
The invention defines a graph model for topology analysis, which specifically comprises a vertex model and an edge model.
Vertex model: the vertex primary attributes include "vertex ID", "vertex device type", "vertex device ID", and "terminal connected state". Wherein "vertex ID" is the unique identification of a vertex; "vertex device type" indicates the device type code of the device corresponding to the vertex; "vertex device ID" represents the unique identification of the device to which the vertex corresponds; the "terminal connection state" refers to a state in which all terminals of the device corresponding to the vertex are connected to each other. The attribute is used as an abstract expression of the internal electrical connectivity of the equipment, corresponds to the opening and closing state of the switch equipment, and can be used for topology tracking considering the switch state. The attribute is an enumeration type, and each enumeration value represents a terminal connection state. Edge model: the main attributes of an edge include "edge ID", "edge device type", "edge device ID", "start vertex ID", "start terminal", "end vertex ID", and "end terminal". Wherein "edge ID" is the unique identification of an edge; the invention mainly includes two types of edges, wherein the first edge is abstract concept and represents the connection relation of the equipment, the attributes of the edge equipment type and the edge equipment ID are all empty, the second edge represents the equipment of line type, such as line, wire, cable, etc., the edge equipment type refers to the code of the corresponding equipment type, and the edge equipment ID refers to the unique identification of the corresponding equipment; "starting vertex ID" refers to the vertex ID to which the head end of the edge is connected; "start terminal" refers to the equipment terminal number to which the head end of the edge is connected, for more precise description of which terminal of the equipment the head end of the edge is connected; "terminating vertex ID" refers to the vertex ID to which the end of the edge is connected; "terminal" refers to the terminal number of the edge end connection for more precise description of which terminal of the device the edge end is connected to.
Two, topology network construction
The topological network construction refers to converting a CIM/SG-CIM standard topological model into a graph model and establishing a graph structure for power grid topological analysis. Mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) data acquisition
And acquiring basic attribute information and topological connection information of the power grid conducting equipment from a production management or scheduling management system. The basic attribute information includes a device ID, a device type, a switch state, and the like; the topology connection information follows CIM/SG-CIM standard and specifically comprises equipment terminal and connection node information.
(2) Vertex construction
Mapping all grid conductive devices to vertices in a graph structure, creating a corresponding vertex for each device, and generating a "vertex ID" attribute. And simultaneously assigning the attributes of the device type and the device ID of the device to the attributes of the vertex device type and the vertex device ID of the vertex. For the switch equipment, establishing a mapping relation between a switch state and a terminal connection state, and mapping the switch state attribute of the switch equipment into a terminal connection state attribute at a vertex according to the mapping relation; for non-switching devices, the "terminal connected state" attribute is set to null.
(3) Edge construction
The invention constructs the edges of the graph structure according to the connection relationship among the electric network conductive devices. The basic method comprises the following steps: and searching all the conductive devices connected with each connecting node to form a device set with a connection relation. If the equipment set comprises a bus or a running rod, respectively establishing an edge connected with the bus or the running rod for the rest equipment in the equipment set; if a bus or a stick is not included in the set of devices, an edge is created between each two devices in the set. The newly-built edge ID attributes of the edges are unique identification codes generated in real time; the "edge device type" attribute is null; the "edge device ID" attribute is null; the attributes of the initial vertex ID and the initial terminal are respectively the vertex ID and the connection terminal number corresponding to the conductive equipment connected with one end of the side; the attributes "terminating vertex ID" and "terminating terminal" are the vertex ID and the connecting terminal number corresponding to the conductive device to which the other end of the side is connected, respectively.
(4) Local merge processing
In order to reduce resource consumption and improve analysis efficiency, the invention carries out merging processing on the vertexes and edges which meet the characteristic conditions so as to reduce the number of the vertexes and the edges. The basic processing thought is as follows: for a vertex whose vertex device type is a line type device (including wires, cables, connecting lines, lines) and the number of edges connected with the vertex is 2 (degree is equal to 2), the vertex and two edges connected with the vertex are merged into a new edge. The edge ID attribute of the new edge is a unique identification code generated in real time; the attribute of the edge device type and the edge device ID of the new edge is taken from the attribute of the vertex device type and the vertex device ID of the vertex; the "start vertex ID", "start terminal", "end vertex ID", "end terminal" attributes of the new edge are taken from the vertex IDs and connected terminal numbers of the opposite two vertices of the two edges to which the above vertices are connected. Since the line type devices occupy a large proportion of the total amount of grid devices, the number of vertices and edges can be significantly reduced by the above merging process.
Example (b):
first, graph model definition
1. Vertex model
The vertices represent conductive devices in the power system. The main attributes of the vertices include: "vertex ID", "vertex device type", "vertex device ID", and "terminal connected state". One preferred case is shown in the following table:
the "terminal connection state" attribute of the vertex refers to the mutual connection state between all the terminals of the device corresponding to the vertex. The invention takes the attribute as the abstract expression of the internal electrical connectivity of the equipment, corresponds to the switching state of the switch equipment, and can be used for the dynamic topology analysis considering the switching state. The attribute is of an enumeration type, and each enumeration value respectively represents a terminal connection state of the switch. The following table shows the connection state of all the terminals and the corresponding switch state of the switch equipment:
2. the main attributes of the edge model edges include: "edge ID", "edge device type", "edge device ID", "start vertex ID", "start terminal", "end vertex ID", and "end terminal". One preferred case is shown in the following table:
the main advantages of the above graph model are: the on-off state of a common two-terminal switch can be expressed through the terminal connectivity attribute of the vertex, and various complex switch states of a multi-position switch can also be expressed, so that dynamic topology tracking of a power grid is conveniently realized. The basic principle of dynamic topology tracing by the "terminal connectivity" attribute is briefly described below: in the topology tracing process, it is assumed that a starting vertex (denoted as a) to an ending vertex (denoted as B) of a certain edge (denoted as E) is traced, and B is a switch-class device (which may be a common two-terminal switch or a multi-position switch). Note that "end terminal" of E is T, and the connection position of E and B is at terminal T. Then, the connection relation between the other terminals of B and the terminal T is obtained through the 'terminal connectivity' attribute of B. For the terminal communicated with T, finding out the edge connected with B at the terminal, and carrying out the next tracking; for a terminal that is not in communication with T, tracking is stopped at this terminal.
Two, topology network construction
The main work of the topology network construction is to construct a vertex set and an edge set of a graph model according to the information of the conductive equipment, and the following is a preferred implementation process, as shown in fig. 2:
(1) basic properties, terminal and connection node information of all conductive devices are acquired.
(2) Starting to traverse all the conductive devices;
(3) constructing a graph vertex according to the information of the current conductive equipment, and adding the graph vertex into a set of the graph vertices;
(4) repeating the step (3) until all the conductive devices are traversed;
(5) starting to traverse all the connection nodes;
(6) acquiring a conductive equipment list associated with a current connection node;
(7) if the conductive equipment comprises a bus (or an operating rod), connecting the rest equipment with the bus (or the operating rod), constructing edges, and adding the edges into a set; if the conductive equipment does not contain a bus (or a running rod), connecting the equipment in pairs to construct edges, and adding the edges into a set;
(8) repeating the steps (6) to (7) until all the connection nodes are traversed;
(9) the merging process is performed on the line type device (wire, cable, line) vertices and their associated two edges. The specific processing method is shown in fig. 3: let the vertex to be merged be V, and the two edges associated with V are E1, E2. V, E1 and E2 are merged into a new edge, which is marked as E3. The "edge device type", "edge device ID" attribute of E3 is taken from "vertex device type", "vertex device ID" of V; the first and last vertex information of E3 are taken from the other side vertex information of E1 and E2, respectively. After the creation of the new edge E3 is completed, delete V, E1, E2;
(10) and constructing a graph structure by using the set of nodes and edges generated in the steps.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A power grid topology modeling method based on graph theory is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
creating a corresponding vertex in a graph structure for each conductive device, generating a unique identification code in real time to be assigned as a vertex ID attribute of the vertex, and assigning a device type and a device ID attribute of the conductive device as a vertex device type and a vertex device ID attribute of the vertex; for the switch equipment, establishing a mapping relation between a switch state and a terminal connection state, and mapping the switch state attribute of the switch equipment into a terminal connection state attribute at a vertex; for non-switch equipment, the attribute of 'terminal connection state' is assigned to be null;
for each connecting node, searching all conductive equipment connected with the connecting node, forming an equipment set by the conductive equipment, and if the equipment set comprises a bus or an operating rod, respectively creating an edge connected with the bus or the operating rod for the rest equipment in the equipment set; if the device set does not contain a bus or a running bar, creating an edge between every two devices in the set; the method comprises the steps of generating a unique identification code in real time, assigning an attribute of 'edge ID' of an edge, assigning an attribute of 'edge device type' of an edge to be null, assigning a vertex ID and a connecting terminal number corresponding to a conductive device connected to one end of the edge to be an attribute of 'initial vertex ID' and 'initial terminal' of the edge respectively, and assigning a vertex ID and a connecting terminal number corresponding to a conductive device connected to the other end of the edge to be an attribute of 'ending vertex ID' and 'ending terminal' of the edge respectively.
2. The graph theory-based power grid topology modeling method according to claim 1, wherein: also comprises the following steps:
for the vertex with the vertex device type of line type and the number of edges connected with the vertex of 2, combining the vertex and two edges connected with the vertex into a new edge, wherein the edge ID attribute of the new edge is a unique identification code generated in real time; the attributes of the edge device type and the edge device ID of the new edge are taken from the attributes of the vertex device type and the vertex device ID of the merged vertex; the "start vertex ID", "start terminal", "end vertex ID", "end terminal" attributes of the new edge are taken from the vertex IDs and connected terminal numbers of the opposite two vertices of the two edges connected by the merged vertex.
3. The power grid topology modeling method based on graph theory according to claim 2, characterized in that: the line type device includes: wire, cable, connecting wire, circuit.
4. The graph theory-based power grid topology modeling method according to claim 1, wherein: the "device type", "device ID" and "switch state" of the conductive device are taken from basic attribute information and topology connection information of the power grid conductive device in the production management or scheduling management system.
5. The graph theory-based power grid topology modeling method according to claim 1, wherein: the device terminal, connection node information is taken from CIM/SG-CIM standard.
6. The graph theory-based power grid topology modeling method according to claim 1, wherein: the switch state attribute of the switch equipment is mapped into a terminal connection state attribute of a vertex, and the specific content is as follows:
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