CN113050014B - Sensitivity coefficient calibration method and system for low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor - Google Patents
Sensitivity coefficient calibration method and system for low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for calibrating sensitivity coefficients of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor, which relate to the technical field of magnetic field sensor calibration and have the technical scheme that: synchronously placing a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and a Hall effect magnetic field sensor in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator to acquire signals; reading the voltage amplitude of the first signal acquired by the Hall effect magnetic field sensor through acquisition equipment to obtain the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude; integrating the second signal acquired by the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated through an integrator to obtain a pulse electric signal; the acquisition equipment performs calibration calculation on the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated according to the pulse electric signal and the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude, and a sensitivity coefficient calibration result is obtained. The invention can solve the traceability problem of the pulse magnetic field sensor within a certain frequency range, so that the measured magnitude is accurate and reliable, and a basis is provided for magnitude traceability and accuracy evaluation of a pulse magnetic field measurement system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic field sensor calibration, in particular to a method and a system for calibrating sensitivity coefficients of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor.
Background
At present, a pulse magnetic field sensor based on Faraday electromagnetic induction law is widely used in various application scenes such as accelerator guiding magnetic field measurement, inertial confinement fusion field effect measurement developed by a high-power laser device, pulse magnetic field measurement in a high-voltage transformer substation and the like. Because conditions for generating a pulse magnetic field and sensitivity coefficients of the sensor are easy to change due to interference of environmental factors, accuracy of measurement results is difficult to guarantee, and therefore the sensitivity coefficients of the pulse magnetic field sensor are calibrated by adopting a metering means, and uncertainty of the measurement results is effectively evaluated.
The pulse magnetic field is different from the direct current magnetic field and the alternating current magnetic field, and the traditional calibration method for the sensitivity coefficient of the direct current magnetic field and the alternating current magnetic field sensor is not applicable to the direct current magnetic field and the alternating current magnetic field. At present, no literature records a calibration method and standard aiming at the sensitivity coefficient of a pulse magnetic field sensor, and corresponding measurement standard is not established yet. In order to ensure accurate and reliable measurement results of the pulse magnetic field sensor, how to research and design a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor sensitivity coefficient calibration method and system is a problem which needs to be solved in the current state.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sensitivity coefficient calibration method and system for a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor.
The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a method for calibrating sensitivity coefficients of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor is provided, including the following steps:
s101: synchronously placing a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and a Hall effect magnetic field sensor in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator to acquire signals;
s102: reading the voltage amplitude of the first signal acquired by the Hall effect magnetic field sensor through acquisition equipment to obtain the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude;
S103: integrating the second signal acquired by the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated through an integrator to obtain a pulse electric signal;
S104: the acquisition equipment performs calibration calculation on the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated according to the pulse electric signal and the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude, and a sensitivity coefficient calibration result is obtained.
Further, the calculation formula for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated specifically comprises:
wherein S 0 represents a sensitivity coefficient; e represents a second signal; Representing the pulsed electrical signal; b m denotes the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude.
Further, the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is optimized and calibrated by measuring an average value for a plurality of times, and a calculation formula of the optimized and calibrated is specifically as follows:
S 1 represents the sensitivity coefficient of the optimization calibration; n represents the number of measurements; e i denotes the second signal of the ith measurement; b i represents the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude for the ith measurement.
Further, the pulse magnetic field generator comprises a programmable power supply, a direct current high voltage source, a pulse forming network PFN, a high voltage pulse generator, a matched load and a solenoid coil;
the adjustable voltage output by the programmable power supply is boosted to a kV level by a direct-current high-voltage source and then charges a pulse forming network PFN consisting of a capacitor and an inductor;
the high-voltage pulse generator generates trigger pulse to trigger a three-electrode gas switch in the pulse forming network PFN, and after the pulse forming network PFN is started, a high-voltage pulse high current is generated on a matched load;
High-voltage pulse high-current passes through the solenoid coil from the output end of the matched load through the cable, and a pulse magnetic field serving as a calibration magnetic field source is excited through the solenoid coil;
The pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are all arranged in a uniform area of the solenoid coil.
Further, the pulse forming network PFN comprises a plurality of capacitors arranged in parallel and an inductor arranged between the adjacent capacitors and the electrode side;
The calculation of the time constant τ 1 for charging the pulse forming network PFN by the direct current high voltage output by the direct current high voltage source is specifically:
τ1＝R0(C1+C2+…+C7+Cn0)
wherein R 0 represents the resistance value of the pulse forming network PFN input main line, and n 0 represents the number of capacitors arranged in parallel;
Triggering a three-electrode gas switch through a high-voltage pulse generator to enable the switch to be closed, and discharging in a closed loop, wherein the calculation of a discharge constant tau 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
τ2＝Rm(C1+C2+…+C7+Cn0)
Wherein R m represents a matching load resistance value.
Further, the number of turns of the solenoid coil is determined by the maximum value of the required magnetic induction intensity and the maximum value of the input current, and the specific relation is as follows:
Wherein n1 represents the number of turns of the solenoid coil, B represents the required magnetic induction, mu 0 represents the magnetic permeability in free space, I represents the current passing through the solenoid, and U represents the magnitude of the direct current high voltage.
Further, the frequency of the pulse magnetic field excited by the pulse magnetic field generator is not more than 100MHz.
Further, the accuracy level of the hall effect magnetic field sensor is less than one third of the accuracy level of the pulsed magnetic field sensor to be calibrated.
In a second aspect, a sensitivity coefficient calibration system of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor is provided, which comprises a pulse magnetic field generator, a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated, a Hall effect magnetic field sensor, an integrator and acquisition equipment;
The pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are all arranged in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator;
The signal output end of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is connected with the signal input end of the integrator through a first coaxial line, and the signal output end of the integrator is connected with a first channel port of the acquisition equipment;
The signal output end of the Hall effect magnetic field sensor is connected with a second channel port of the acquisition equipment through a second coaxial line;
The signal transmission frequencies of the first coaxial line and the second coaxial line are the same, and are both larger than the maximum value of the required pulse magnetic field signal transmission frequency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method takes the amplitude of the pulse magnetic field as a transient quantity of a direct-current magnetic field, measures the amplitude of the pulse magnetic field within a responsive range by using a traced Hall effect magnetic field sensor, assigns the amplitude of the pulse magnetic field to the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated as a standard value of the pulse magnetic field sensor, and reversely deduces the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated by Faraday electromagnetic induction law; by the method, the traceability problem of the pulse magnetic field sensor can be solved within a certain frequency range, so that the measured magnitude is accurate and reliable, and a technical basis is provided for magnitude traceability and accuracy evaluation of a pulse magnetic field measurement system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit of a pulsed magnetic field source in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, the reference numerals and corresponding part names:
101. A pulsed magnetic field generator; 102. matching the load; 103. a solenoid coil; 104. a high voltage pulse generator; 105. pulse forming network PFN; 106. a direct current high voltage source; 107. a programmable power supply; 108. a hall effect magnetic field sensor; 109. a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated; 110. a first coaxial line; 111. a second coaxial line; 112. an integrator; 113. and a collection device.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element.
It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are merely for convenience in describing and simplifying the description based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Example 1: a sensitivity coefficient calibration method of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
s101: synchronously placing a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and a Hall effect magnetic field sensor in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator to acquire signals;
s102: reading the voltage amplitude of the first signal acquired by the Hall effect magnetic field sensor through acquisition equipment to obtain the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude;
S103: integrating the second signal acquired by the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated through an integrator to obtain a pulse electric signal, wherein the integrator is matched with the pulse magnetic field frequency;
S104: the acquisition equipment performs calibration calculation on the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated according to the pulse electric signal and the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude to obtain a sensitivity coefficient calibration result; the acquisition equipment can be a digital acquisition card or an oscilloscope, and the simultaneous measurement and simultaneous display of the Hall effect magnetic field sensor and the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated can be realized.
The sensitivity coefficient calibration calculation formula of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein S 0 represents a sensitivity coefficient; e represents a second signal; Representing the pulsed electrical signal; b m denotes the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude.
In a preferred embodiment, the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is optimized and calibrated by taking account of errors introduced by human factors through measuring and averaging for a plurality of times, so that the measurement errors introduced by human factors are reduced to a certain extent. The calculation formula of the optimization calibration is specifically as follows:
S 1 represents the sensitivity coefficient of the optimization calibration; n represents the number of measurements; e i denotes the second signal of the ith measurement; b i represents the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude for the ith measurement.
In this embodiment, the pulsed magnetic field generator comprises a programmable power supply, a DC high voltage source, a pulse forming network PFN, a high voltage pulse generator, a matching load, and a solenoid coil; the adjustable voltage output by the programmable power supply is boosted to a kV level by a direct-current high-voltage source and then charges a pulse forming network PFN consisting of a capacitor and an inductor; the high-voltage pulse generator generates trigger pulse to trigger a three-electrode gas switch in the pulse forming network PFN, and after the pulse forming network PFN is started, a high-voltage pulse high current is generated on a matched load; high-voltage pulse high-current passes through the solenoid coil from the output end of the matched load through the cable, and a pulse magnetic field serving as a calibration magnetic field source is excited through the solenoid coil; the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are all arranged in a uniform area of the solenoid coil.
As shown in fig. 2, the pulse forming network PFN includes a plurality of capacitors arranged in parallel and an inductor arranged between the same electrode sides of adjacent capacitors.
The calculation of the time constant τ 1 for charging the pulse forming network PFN by the direct current high voltage output by the direct current high voltage source is specifically: τ 1＝R0(C1+C2+…+C7+Cn0); where R 0 represents the resistance value of the input main line of the pulse forming network PFN, and n 0 represents the number of capacitors arranged in parallel.
Triggering a three-electrode gas switch through a high-voltage pulse generator to enable the switch to be closed, and discharging in a closed loop, wherein the calculation of a discharge constant tau 2 specifically comprises the following steps: τ 2＝Rm(C1+C2+…+C7+Cn0); wherein R m represents a matching load resistance value.
The number of turns of the solenoid coil is determined by the maximum value of the required magnetic induction and the maximum value of the input current, and the specific relation is as follows:
Wherein n1 represents the number of turns of the solenoid coil, B represents the required magnetic induction, mu 0 represents the magnetic permeability in free space, I represents the current passing through the solenoid, and U represents the magnitude of the direct current high voltage.
In the present embodiment, the time for charging and discharging the pulse formation network PFN by the dc high voltage outputted from the dc high voltage source is controlled by the high voltage pulse generator 4.
In this embodiment, the magnitude of the dc high voltage output from the dc high voltage source is determined by the internal structure of the pulse forming network PFN and the matching load.
In this embodiment, the number of turns of the solenoid coil is determined by the maximum value of the required generated magnetic induction and the maximum value of the input current.
In this embodiment, when the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is calibrated, the pulse magnetic field frequency is not greater than 100MHz, and at this time, the amplitude measured by the hall effect magnetic field sensor may be considered as a transient dc magnetic field value, and because the hall effect magnetic field sensor has traceability, the amplitude measured by the hall effect magnetic field sensor is a standard value of the amplitude of the pulse magnetic field, so that the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is calibrated.
In this embodiment, the hall effect magnetic field sensor has an accuracy level that is less than one third of the accuracy level of the pulsed magnetic field sensor to be calibrated.
Example 2: a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor sensitivity coefficient calibration system is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a pulse magnetic field generator, a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated, a Hall effect magnetic field sensor, an integrator and acquisition equipment. The pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are both arranged in a pulse magnetic field excited by the pulse magnetic field generator. The signal output end of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is connected with the signal input end of the integrator through a first coaxial line, and the signal output end of the integrator is connected with a first channel port of the acquisition equipment. The signal output end of the Hall effect magnetic field sensor is connected with the second channel port of the acquisition device through a second coaxial line. The signal transmission frequencies of the first coaxial line and the second coaxial line are the same, and are both larger than the maximum value of the required pulse magnetic field signal transmission frequency.
Working principle: taking the amplitude of the pulse magnetic field as a transient quantity of a direct-current magnetic field, measuring the amplitude of the pulse magnetic field in a responsive range by using a traced Hall effect magnetic field sensor, assigning the amplitude of the pulse magnetic field to the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated as a standard value, and reversely deducing the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated by using Faraday electromagnetic induction law; by the method, the traceability problem of the pulse magnetic field sensor can be solved within a certain frequency range, so that the measured magnitude is accurate and reliable, and a technical basis is provided for magnitude traceability and accuracy evaluation of a pulse magnetic field measurement system.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of the low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s101: synchronously placing a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and a Hall effect magnetic field sensor in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator to acquire signals;
s102: reading the voltage amplitude of the first signal acquired by the Hall effect magnetic field sensor through acquisition equipment to obtain the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude;
S103: integrating the second signal acquired by the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated through an integrator to obtain a pulse electric signal;
s104: the acquisition equipment performs calibration calculation on the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated according to the pulse electric signal and the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude to obtain a sensitivity coefficient calibration result;
The sensitivity coefficient calibration calculation formula of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein S 0 represents a sensitivity coefficient; e represents a second signal; representing the pulsed electrical signal; b m denotes the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude;
the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is optimized and calibrated by taking average value through multiple measurements, and the calculation formula of the optimized and calibrated is specifically as follows:
S 1 represents the sensitivity coefficient of the optimization calibration; n represents the number of measurements; e i denotes the second signal of the ith measurement; b i represents the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude for the ith measurement.
2. The method for calibrating sensitivity coefficient of low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein the pulse magnetic field generator comprises a programmable power supply, a direct current high voltage source, a pulse forming network PFN, a high voltage pulse generator, a matching load and a solenoid coil;
the adjustable voltage output by the programmable power supply is boosted to a kV level by a direct-current high-voltage source and then charges a pulse forming network PFN consisting of a capacitor and an inductor;
the high-voltage pulse generator generates trigger pulse to trigger a three-electrode gas switch in the pulse forming network PFN, and after the pulse forming network PFN is started, a high-voltage pulse high current is generated on a matched load;
High-voltage pulse high-current passes through the solenoid coil from the output end of the matched load through the cable, and a pulse magnetic field serving as a calibration magnetic field source is excited through the solenoid coil;
The pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are all arranged in a uniform area of the solenoid coil.
3. The method for calibrating sensitivity coefficient of low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor according to claim 2, wherein the pulse forming network PFN comprises a plurality of capacitors arranged in parallel and an inductor arranged between the adjacent capacitors and the electrode side;
The calculation of the time constant τ 1 for charging the pulse forming network PFN by the direct current high voltage output by the direct current high voltage source is specifically:
τ1＝R0(C1+C2+…+Cn0)
wherein R 0 represents the resistance value of the pulse forming network PFN input main line, and n 0 represents the number of capacitors arranged in parallel;
Triggering a three-electrode gas switch through a high-voltage pulse generator to enable the switch to be closed, and discharging in a closed loop, wherein the calculation of a discharge constant tau 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
τ2＝Rm(C1+C2+…+Cn0)
Wherein R m represents a matching load resistance value.
4. The method for calibrating sensitivity coefficient of low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the pulse magnetic field excited by the pulse magnetic field generator is not more than 100MHz.
5. The method for calibrating a sensitivity coefficient of a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein the hall effect magnetic field sensor has an accuracy level less than one third of the accuracy level of the pulsed magnetic field sensor to be calibrated.
6. The sensitivity coefficient calibration system of the low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor is characterized by comprising a pulse magnetic field generator, a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated, a Hall effect magnetic field sensor, an integrator and acquisition equipment;
The pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are all arranged in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator;
The signal output end of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is connected with the signal input end of the integrator through a first coaxial line, and the signal output end of the integrator is connected with a first channel port of the acquisition equipment;
The signal output end of the Hall effect magnetic field sensor is connected with a second channel port of the acquisition equipment through a second coaxial line;
the signal transmission frequencies of the first coaxial line and the second coaxial line are the same and are both larger than the maximum value of the required pulse magnetic field signal transmission frequency;
s101: synchronously placing a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and a Hall effect magnetic field sensor in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator to acquire signals;
s102: reading the voltage amplitude of the first signal acquired by the Hall effect magnetic field sensor through acquisition equipment to obtain the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude;
S103: integrating the second signal acquired by the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated through an integrator to obtain a pulse electric signal;
s104: the acquisition equipment performs calibration calculation on the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated according to the pulse electric signal and the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude to obtain a sensitivity coefficient calibration result;
the system implementation process comprises the following steps:
The sensitivity coefficient calibration calculation formula of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein S 0 represents a sensitivity coefficient; e represents a second signal; representing the pulsed electrical signal; b m denotes the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude;
the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is optimized and calibrated by taking average value through multiple measurements, and the calculation formula of the optimized and calibrated is specifically as follows:
S 1 represents the sensitivity coefficient of the optimization calibration; n represents the number of measurements; e i denotes the second signal of the ith measurement; b i represents the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude for the ith measurement.
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| CN116559740B (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2024-01-12 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | NMR method and system for accurately measuring peak field intensity distribution of pulse strong magnetic field |
| CN117110967B (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2024-02-23 | 南京中旭电子科技有限公司 | Device and method for testing sensitivity of Hall element |
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