CN113048837A - Method for establishing gun firing-ignition fault tree in special environment - Google Patents
Method for establishing gun firing-ignition fault tree in special environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113048837A CN113048837A CN202110289007.XA CN202110289007A CN113048837A CN 113048837 A CN113048837 A CN 113048837A CN 202110289007 A CN202110289007 A CN 202110289007A CN 113048837 A CN113048837 A CN 113048837A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of firearms, and provides a method for establishing a firearm firing-ignition fault tree in a special environment, which comprises the following steps: defining a firearm firing-ignition system; analyzing the action mechanism of the gun firing-ignition system, and determining fault influence factors of the gun firing-ignition system from the aspects of design, manufacture and use; determining fault influence factors of special environments on a gun firing-ignition system, wherein the special environments comprise a high-temperature environment, a low-temperature environment, a dust raising environment, a river soaking environment and/or a salt spray environment; establishing a typical fault tree of a gun firing-ignition system in a special environment by adopting a deduction method; the invention discloses a firing-ignition action mechanism of a firearm; based on the method, various influence factors causing the firing-ignition fault of the gun are comprehensively considered, particularly the influence of special environmental factors on the firing-ignition performance of the gun is analyzed, the fault possibly caused by the factors is analyzed, and support is provided for reliability analysis and design of a firing-ignition system of the gun.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of firearms, relates to establishment of a firearm firing-ignition fault tree, and particularly relates to an establishment method of the firearm firing-ignition fault tree in a special environment.
Background
Firearms are the basic equipment for army, sea, air and military and armed police, preparedness, etc., which kill exposed animate objects by firing a bullet. When the firearms are shot, the trigger is pulled, the hammer strikes the firing pin under the action of the spring force of the hammer, the firing pin strikes primer, the primer is ignited to ignite propellant powder, and a large amount of generated gunpowder gas pushes the bullet to move out of the chamber at high speed. The components of the firearm system which complete the function of firing primer to ignite propellant charge are collectively referred to as the firearm firing-ignition system. The performance of a firearm firing-ignition system directly influences the firing task of the firearm, and whether a firearm firing mechanism can reliably fire primer and ignite propellant powder is the key for realizing smooth firing of a bullet and ensuring the firing precision of the bullet.
However, firearms are affected by various factors such as design, manufacture, assembly process and damage accumulation in the using process, and various firing-ignition faults such as no firing, weak firing, delayed firing, early firing, primer breakdown and the like often occur in the using process of armies, especially in various special extreme combat environments such as severe cold, islands, deserts, high temperature, high humidity, plateaus and the like, so that the automatic shooting process is slightly affected, key parts of firearms are damaged, and casualties are seriously caused. Therefore, it is important to analyze and evaluate the operational reliability and safety of the firearm firing-ignition system.
The analysis of the gun firing-ignition fault tree is an important method for analyzing and evaluating the reliability/safety of the gun firing-ignition system, and the firing-ignition fault tree is established by analyzing various factors such as design, manufacture, assembly, use, environment and the like, so as to determine various possible reasons causing the gun firing-ignition fault. The traditional firing-firing fault tree building method has the following defects:
1) various factors causing faults, especially special environmental factors, cannot be comprehensively considered in the fault tree building process;
2) in the process of establishing the fault tree, design, manufacture and use factors are only considered macroscopically, and the levels of structure size, material performance parameters, process parameters, primer/propellant thermodynamic performance, chemical reaction performance and the like cannot be refined. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a construction method of a gun firing-ignition fault tree in a special environment by comprehensively considering factors such as design, manufacture, process, use and the like and emphatically considering the influence of special environmental factors on firing-ignition performance on the basis of deeply researching firing-ignition mechanisms such as firing mechanism dynamics kinematics, firing pin primer cartridge case impact dynamics, primer thermal/mechanical/chemical coupling action ignition and the like; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, defining a firearm firing-ignition system;
s2, analyzing the action mechanism of the firearm firing-ignition system, and determining fault influence factors of the firearm firing-ignition system;
s3, determining fault influence factors of special environments on the firearm firing-ignition system, wherein the special environments comprise high and low temperature environments, dust raising environments, river soaking environments and/or salt spray environments;
and S4, and establishing the fault tree of the firearm firing-ignition system under the special environment by adopting an algorithm in combination with the fault influence factors determined by the S2 and the S3.
By combining the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the firing-ignition action mechanism of the gun is deeply researched, and the gun and bullet matching, thermal, mechanical and chemical coupling action process is disclosed;
(2) based on the action mechanism of firing-ignition of the firearm, various influence factors causing firing-ignition faults of the firearm are comprehensively considered, particularly special environmental factors;
(3) based on a gun percussion-ignition action mechanism, the influence of various factors such as structure size, material performance parameters, process parameters, special environment, the thermodynamic performance and chemical reaction performance of primer powder/propellant powder on the percussion-ignition performance of the gun is deeply researched, and possible faults caused by the factors are analyzed;
(4) support is provided for reliability analysis and design of a firearm firing-ignition system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a firearm firing mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the firing pin impacting the primer in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the firing and automation of the firearm in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a mission profile view of a firearm firing-ignition system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a firearm firing-ignition system in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the reliability of the firearm firing-ignition system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a tree diagram of firearms misfire/misfire faults in a particular environment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a tree diagram illustrating the unfired fault of the firearm under a particular environment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a tree diagram illustrating the weak firing fault of a firearm in a particular environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a tree diagram illustrating the early firing failure of a firearm in a particular environment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a tree diagram illustrating firearm misfire breakdown failures in a particular environment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a general flow chart of a method of establishing a fault tree in an embodiment of the invention.
Icon: 1. a retainer ring; 2. hammering; 3. a hammer spring guide rod; 4. a recoil spring seat ring; 5. a firing pin; 6. a bolt machine; 7. sleeving; 11. a primer mixture; 12. a primer shell; 13. a tin foil cover sheet; 14. and (4) a cartridge case.
Detailed Description
The objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which, when taken in conjunction with the drawings, illustrate by way of example only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for establishing a gun firing-ignition fault tree in a special environment, which comprises the following specific implementation steps of:
s1, defining a firearm firing-ignition system; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, determining the structural composition of a firearm firing-ignition system;
the structure of the firearm firing-ignition system comprises a firearm firing mechanism, a bullet primer, a bullet shell and propellant powder; taking a firing-ignition system of a small-caliber firearm as an example, the structural schematic diagram of a firing mechanism of the firearm is shown in fig. 1, and the firing mechanism comprises a hammer 2, a hammer spring guide rod 3, a firing pin 5, a retainer ring 1, a recoil spring seat ring 4, a gunlock 6 and a joint sleeve 7;
the bullet primer comprises a primer shell 12, a primer 11 and a tinfoil cover plate 13; the bullet shell 14, the bullet primer, the propellant powder and the bullet form a bullet; the firing pin strikes the primer in a schematic view as shown in fig. 2.
S12, determining the task function and the working mode formed by each structure of the firearm firing-ignition system;
in a firing-ignition system of a firearm, the firearm firing mechanism is used to strike a bullet primer; the hammer 2 is released by pulling a trigger sear, the hammer 2 strikes the firing pin 5 under the action of the spring force of the hammer, and the firing pin 5 strikes the bullet primer; the firearm firing mechanism can be divided into a hammer translation type and a hammer rotation type according to the mode that the hammer 2 strikes the firing pin 5;
the bullet primer is an impact primer, an impact ignition mode is adopted, after the bullet primer is impacted by the firing pin 5, the propellant powder 11 forms hot spot ignition under the extrusion and friction effects, and the flame ignites the propellant powder through the flame transfer holes;
the propellant powder has the function that after the propellant powder is ignited, the propellant powder is quickly combusted to generate a large amount of gas, and the pressure intensity is quickly increased, so that the bullet is pushed to accelerate in the gun barrel by utilizing the pressure intensity difference between the pressure intensity in the gun barrel and the external atmospheric pressure;
the shell case of the bullet is used for containing propellant powder, connecting a bullet head with primer, and bearing the gas pressure of the propellant powder and the acting force of an automatic firearm machine during launching;
the firing and automatic principle of a typical firearm is shown in fig. 3.
S13, drawing a block diagram of the firearm firing-ignition system, wherein the block diagram at least comprises a functional block diagram.
After the functions and working requirements of the firearm firing-ignition system are defined, the components of the firearm firing-ignition system and the interrelation among the components are described in a mode of drawing a product block diagram, and the product block diagram can not only clearly describe the range and the boundary of a product, but also provide clear clues and basis for logical reasoning in analysis.
The block diagram of the firearm firing-ignition system comprises a functional block diagram which is used for describing each component of the firearm firing-ignition system and the task or function undertaken by the component, and represents the interrelation among the components, as shown in fig. 5, the functional block diagram comprises a hammer spring, a hammer spring guide rod, a hammer, a firing pin, a gunlock, a primer shell, a fire platform, a primer, a fire transfer hole, a propellant powder, a bullet shell and a bullet.
The bullet primer is divided into a Bodan type structure and a Boke plug type structure, and the Bodan type primer adopts a 'dead fire platform', namely the fire platform is fixed on the bullet shell; the bock type primer adopts a 'live fire table', namely the fire table is assembled in the primer.
Preferably, the block diagram of the firearm firing-firing system further comprises a reliability block diagram; the reliability block diagram describes the relationship between the reliability and the overall reliability of each component of the firearm firing-ignition system from the fault point of view, and provides a basis for analyzing the influence of the fault of each component of the firearm firing-ignition system on other parts and the overall firearm. A firearm firing-firing system reliability block diagram is shown in fig. 6.
Preferably, the step S1 further includes, before the step S13: a mission profile of the firearm firing-ignition system is determined.
A task profile refers to a time-sequential description of the events and circumstances that a product experiences during the time a specified task is completed. The task profile of a typical firearm firing ignition system is shown in fig. 4.
S2, analyzing the action mechanism of the firearm firing-ignition system, and determining fault influence factors of the firearm firing-ignition system;
the firing-ignition process of the firearm is mainly completed by striking a primer with a firing pin to fire a firing agent, and is a thermal/mechanical/chemical interaction process. The percussion-ignition action mainly comprises the links of providing the energy and the speed of the firing pin for striking the primer by the action of a percussion mechanism, consuming a part of striking pin striking energy under the action of striking dynamics of a firing pin primer shell system and converting the striking pin striking energy into ignition energy, generating hot spots and rapidly growing under the action of thermal/mechanical/chemical coupling of the primer, igniting the primer when the ignition condition of the primer is reached, and the like. The action reliability of each link is influenced by factors such as design, manufacture, process, use, environment and the like, and all factors influencing firing-ignition faults are determined by analyzing the specific factors influencing the action reliability of each link. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
analyzing the action mechanism of the firearm firing-ignition system by combining the functional block diagram of the firearm firing-ignition system, and respectively determining the following factors:
s21, determining factors which do not strike primer due to the movement of the firing mechanism, including design and manufacture factors and use factors;
the design and manufacture factors influencing the non-firing include at least one of insufficient strength of a hammer spring, poor fatigue resistance of the hammer spring and jamming of the hammer due to interference of the hammer motion and other components;
the using factors comprise at least one of the influence of excessive use times of the hammer spring and excessive dirt on the hammer movement;
s22, determining factors which influence the action of a firing mechanism of the firearm so as to influence the energy of the firing pin striking the primer, wherein the factors comprise design and manufacture factors and use factors;
the design manufacturing factors include: at least one of the bullet bottom clearance, the gunlock taper hole, the projection amount of the firing pin, the energy of the hammer spring and the interference existing in the motion process of the hammer; the use factors include: at least one of the deformation or damage of the firing pin, the flattening of the arc surface of the head of the firing pin and the failure of the in-place safety mechanism leads the hammer not to be released and the failure of the hammer spring;
the bullet bottom clearance is the vertical distance between the plane of the bullet bottom nest of the gun bolt and the bottom surface of the bullet shell after bullet feeding is in place and locked; the gunlock taper hole is used for controlling the inertia projection amount of the firing pin.
S23, determining design and manufacture factors which influence the impact dynamic performance of the firing pin primer cartridge case system so as to influence the firing energy transfer and the efficiency of converting the firing energy into ignition energy;
the fire primer cartridge comprises at least one of shape and size of a head part of a firing needle, center position of a firing powder surface, deflection degree of a firing needle, hardness of a bottom material of a primer shell, thickness of the primer shell bottom, thickness of the primer shell wall, height of a fire table from the firing powder surface, shape and size of the fire table, shallow filling depth of primer, small fillet of a mouth part of a primer chamber, scratch of the primer wall part, filling of primer into an inclined primer central concave and convex part, over-tight matching of a cartridge case and the primer, improper axial size matching relation among the height of the cartridge case fire table, the height of the primer powder surface and the filling depth of the primer, and insufficient strength of the primer shell;
s24, determining design and manufacture factors influencing the ignition critical conditions of the primer mixture, wherein the design and manufacture factors comprise at least one of uneven primer mixture components, multiple tinfoil cover sheets, high primer pressing pressure and missing primer mixture;
s25, determining design and manufacturing factors influencing the ability of the primer output flame to ignite the propellant powder, wherein the design and manufacturing factors comprise at least one of uneven propellant powder components and propellant powder/propellant powder loading;
s26, determining influence factors causing the primer to be impacted under the abnormal firing condition so as to cause early ignition, wherein the influence factors comprise design and manufacture factors and use factors;
the design manufacturing factors include: at least one of premature release of the hammer, excessive mass of the firing pin, excessive projection of the firing pin, excessive re-entering speed of the automatic machine, and wedging between the firing pin tip and the conical hole of the gun bolt due to failure of the in-place safety mechanism;
the factors of use include shot pin rust death.
S3, determining fault influence factors of special environments on the firearm firing-ignition system, wherein the special environments comprise high and low temperature environments, dust raising environments, river soaking environments and/or salt spray environments;
1) high and low temperature environment
The high and low temperatures affect the critical ignition conditions of the primer mix/propellant by affecting the thermal performance parameters of the primer mix/propellant, including critical ignition parameters such as critical firing pin impact energy, primer output flame length/pressure, etc. The thermal parameters of the primer include specific heat capacity, heat conduction coefficient, etc., and the specific heat capacity mbeta CpdH/dt is an important index reflecting the heat absorption capacity of the primer, wherein dH/dt is a DSC heat flow curve and has important influence on the heat conduction and temperature rise conditions after thermal decomposition of the primer; in a high-temperature environment, the heat conduction coefficient is too large, the ignition heat transferred to the primer mixture does not heat the primer mixture to the ignition degree, and the heat is dissipated quickly, so that the ignition is difficult. The specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the primer gradually increase with increasing ambient temperature, and changes in these thermal performance parameters result in changes in the critical ignition conditions of the primer, such as impact energy/velocity. Specifically, the factors affecting the failure of the firearm firing-ignition system caused by the high and low temperature environments include:
the high/low temperature has influence on the mechanical property of a metal material in the firing-ignition system of the firearm, so that the impact deformation energy loss of the firing-ignition system is influenced, and the transmission and conversion rate of firing energy into ignition energy are further influenced;
at least one of an effect of high/low temperature on specific heat capacity of the primer mix, an effect of high/low temperature on thermal conductivity of the primer mix, an effect of high/low temperature on activation energy of the primer mix, an effect of high/low temperature on chemical reaction rate of the primer mix, an effect of low temperature on ignition condition of the primer mix, and an effect of high/low temperature on ignition critical condition of the primer mix;
2) dust environment
Under the dust raising environment, small solid particles such as sand, dust and the like are doped between the firing mechanism kinematic pairs, so that the friction force can be increased, and under the same input condition, the resistance of the mechanism motion is increased, the output energy of the firing mechanism is influenced, and the impact speed or energy of the firing pin is influenced; in addition, with the increase of the shooting number, the abrasion among the mechanisms is increased, so that the movement of the mechanisms is blocked, and the normal movement of the shooting mechanism is influenced; specifically, the factors affecting the failure of the firearm firing-ignition system caused by the dust environment include:
the impact and friction characteristics of the dust environment on the firing mechanism of the firearm are influenced to reduce the firing energy, the dust environment causes the hammer motion to interfere with other components to be blocked, and the dust environment influences the hammer motion;
3) river water immersion environment
Under the river water immersion environment, the friction force between firing mechanisms is influenced due to the water lubrication effect, so that the impact speed or energy of a firing pin is influenced; silt in river water is also mixed between the mechanism kinematic pairs to increase friction force, so that the impact speed or energy of the striker is reduced; specifically, the factors influencing the fault of the firing-ignition system of the gun in the river-soaking environment include:
the impact and friction characteristics of the river-soaking environment on the firing mechanism of the gun are influenced to reduce firing energy, the primer is wetted in the river-soaking environment, and the river-soaking environment influences the motion of the hammer/firing pin;
4) salt fog environment
Under the salt spray environment, the surface of the firing mechanism is rusted, surface pits and roughness are increased, and the collision and friction characteristics of the firing mechanism are influenced, so that the impact energy of a firing pin is influenced. Specifically, the fault influence factors of the salt fog environment on the firearm firing-ignition system include:
the impact of the salt spray environment on the surface roughness of the firing mechanism causes at least one of reduction of firing energy, wetting of the primer under the salt spray environment, and wetting of the primer under the salt spray environment.
And S4, and establishing the fault tree of the firearm firing-ignition system under the special environment by adopting an algorithm in combination with the fault influence factors determined by the S2 and the S3.
The method is characterized in that typical faults of a firing-ignition system, such as 'no firing/late firing', 'no firing', 'weak firing', 'early firing', 'bottom fire breakdown', and the like, are taken as top events, based on a firing-ignition mechanism of thermal, mechanical and chemical coupling effects, various parts causing various typical faults of the gun firing-ignition system are analyzed from system function levels, such as firing energy, ignition capability, primer/propellant ignition critical conditions, bottom fire output capability, propellant ignition condition matching capability and the like, then specific reasons of the parts causing the functional faults are sorted respectively from aspects of design, manufacture, use conditions, environmental factors and the like, then a tree building method is manually carried out by applying a deduction method, and a fault tree is built hierarchically from the functional faults of the whole system to the functional faults of each part.
1) Failure tree for non-ignition/late ignition
When the firing pin impacts the primer of the bullet, the primer can not normally act or the output high-temperature and high-pressure gas can not meet the requirement of igniting the propellant powder, so that the propellant powder can not be ignited or the acting time is prolonged. The corresponding step S4 further includes:
s41, determining whether the misfire or the delayed misfire is the top event of the fault tree;
s42, analyzing from the aspects of firearms and bullets based on thermal, mechanical and chemical coupling effect firing-ignition mechanisms, and determining that the direct cause events of non-firing/delayed firing are insufficient firing energy, insufficient ignition capability, improved firing agent ignition critical conditions, unmatched primer output capability and firing agent ignition conditions;
s43, setting up a reason event of the direct reason event;
wherein, the cause events of insufficient firing energy are insufficient firing pin projection and insufficient firing pin energy; the events of reasons of insufficient ignition capability are that the firing pin structure is not matched with the primer, the primer sensitivity is low, and the cartridge case ignition structure is defective;
the ignition critical condition of the primer is improved, the primer output capability is not matched with the ignition condition of the primer, and no causal event is set;
s44, respectively carrying out system combing on specific reasons of functional faults caused by the parts from the aspects of design, manufacture, service conditions, environmental factors and the like, establishing basic events of all reason events, and completing the establishment of a non-ignition/delayed ignition fault tree;
wherein the basic events of insufficient firing pin projection include: excessive clearance X of bullet bottom1Unreasonable design of gun bolt taper hole X2The projection of the firing pin is designed to be over-small X3Deformation or damage of firing pin X4The arc surface of the head of the firing pin is flattened by X5；
The basic events of the firing pin energy shortage include: energy design value of hammer spring is over small X6Excessive firing energy loss X caused by interference in the motion process of the hammer7In-place safety failure to prevent the hammer from releasing X11Failure of hammer spring X12The impact and friction characteristics of the firing mechanism are influenced by the river-soaking environment, so that the firing energy is reduced X8And the change of the surface roughness of the firing mechanism in the salt fog environment causes the reduction of firing energy X9The dust environment influences the collision and friction characteristics of the firing mechanism to reduce the firing energy X10；
The basic events of the firing pin structure mismatch with primer/cartridge case include: firing pin with larger deflection X13The shape and the size of the head part of the striking pin are not reasonable X14；
The basic events of low primer sensitivity include: bottom thickness X of primer shell15The center of the percussion medicine surface is lower X16The hardness of the bottom material of the primer shell is large X17The wall part of the primer has unreasonable size X18The mechanical properties of the primer shell, the firing pin, the cartridge case and other metal materials are influenced in the low-temperature environment, so that the deformation absorption energy of the primer shell is increased by X19And the specific heat capacity of the primer mixture is reduced X in a low-temperature environment20The low thermal conductivity of the primer under low temperature is not favorable for the formation and growth of hot spots21The activation energy of the primer is reduced under low temperature environment, which is not beneficial to the formation of hot spot and the growth of X22, and the chemical reaction rate of the primer is reduced under low temperature environment23And the primer mix is damped X in the river water immersion environment32Salt fog environmentMedicine-distributing affected with damp X33；
The basic events that the cartridge case firing structure is defective include: the height of the fire table from the medicine surface is too low X24Unreasonable shape and size of the fire table25；
The basic events of the primer mixture ignition critical condition increase include: uneven primer mix composition X26Base fire multi-tin foil cover sheet X27High medicine pressing pressure X28Explosive neglected loading X29Under low temperature environment, the ignition condition needed by ignition of the primer mixture is increased (temperature) X30Ignition X for the primer mix seriously affected by damage when the primer mix is impacted in low temperature environment31And the primer mix is damped X in the river water immersion environment32In salt fog environment, the primer mix is affected with moisture X33；
The basic events for which the primer output capability and propellant ignition conditions do not match include: uneven propellant composition X34The propellant/propellant has less explosive loading amount X35Improving the critical condition of ignition of the propellant in a low-temperature environment36And the propellant powder is affected with damp X in river water immersion environment37And the propellant powder is affected with damp X in the salt spray environment38。
The misfiring/misfiring fault tree is shown in fig. 7.
2) Non-percussion fault tree
The firing mechanism does not strike the primer when the hammer is not fired. The corresponding step S4 further includes:
s41, determining that the fault tree is not triggered as a top event of the fault tree;
s42, determining that the direct cause event of the unfired state is failure of a firing motion component and blocked firing motion;
s43, setting up basic events of each direct reason event, and completing the establishment of an unfired fault tree;
wherein the basic event of the failure of the firing motion component comprises the strength of the hammer spring per se is insufficient X39Poor fatigue resistance of hammer spring X40Over-use times of hammer spring X41；
The basic events in which the firing movement is impeded include hammer movement and other componentsInvolved is blocked by X42And the excessive dirt in the dust environment affects the movement X of the hammer43And the silt influences the movement X of the hammer/hammer pin under the river-soaking environment44。
The unfired fault tree is shown in FIG. 8.
3) Weak percussion fault tree
The firing pin strikes the primer when the firing is weak, but the primer cannot be ignited successfully. The corresponding step S4 further includes:
s41, determining that the firing is weak as a top event of the fault tree;
s42, determining that the direct cause event of weakness of the percussion is insufficient percussion energy and insufficient ignition capacity;
s43, setting up the reason events of each direct reason event;
wherein, the cause events of insufficient firing energy are insufficient firing pin projection and insufficient firing pin energy; the events of reasons of insufficient ignition capability are that the firing pin structure is not matched with the primer, the primer sensitivity is low, and the cartridge case ignition structure is defective;
s44, setting up basic events of all reason events to complete the establishment of the weak triggering fault tree;
the basic events of the reason events are consistent with the basic events of the corresponding reason events in the misfiring/misfiring fault tree, and are not described herein again.
The firing limp-home tree is shown in FIG. 9;
4) early-firing fault tree
When the fire is early, namely abnormal firing, the primer is impacted to fire, or the primer is impacted to fire normally. The corresponding step S4 further includes:
s41, determining that early fire is a top event of the fault tree;
s42, determining that the direct cause event of the early ignition is that the primer is impacted when abnormally fired, the sensitivity of the primer is improved, the ignition critical condition of the primer is reduced, and the ignition critical condition of the propellant is reduced;
s43, establishing basic events of each direct reason event to complete the establishment of the early ignition fault tree;
wherein the basic event that the primer is impacted when the primer is abnormally fired comprises the following steps: failure of the out-of-position safety causes premature release of the hammer X45Over-large mass of firing pin X46Over-large projected amount of firing pin X47Automatic machine over-high in re-feeding speed X48Wedging X between the striking tip and the gun bolt taper hole49Rust of firing pin X50；
The basic events of the primer sensitivity improvement include: bottom fire filling depth over-shallow X51X for undersize fillet at mouth part of primer chamber52Primer wall scratch X53The primer is loaded into the central concave bulge X of the inclined primer54The bullet shell and the primer are matched and over-tightened X55X for improper axial dimension fit relation between the height of the cartridge case fire platform/the height of the primer powder surface and the depth of primer loading56And influence X on mechanical property of metal material in the firing-ignition system of the firearm under high-temperature environment57；
The basic events of the primer mixture ignition threshold condition reduction include: specific heat capacity of primer mix is improved X under high temperature environment58The formation and growth of hot spots with too high heat conduction coefficient of the primer under high temperature environment accelerate X59And the activation energy of the primer mixture in a high-temperature environment is improved60And the chemical reaction rate of the primer under the high-temperature environment is accelerated by X61；
The basic events of the reduction of critical conditions for propellant ignition include: sensitivity improvement of propellant under high-temperature environment and reduction of X under ignition critical condition62。
The early fire fault tree is shown in FIG. 10;
5) breakdown fault tree of primer
The fire bottom breakdown means that after the firing pin strikes the fire bottom, the fire bottom shell is broken down to generate the smoke leakage phenomenon. The corresponding step S4 further includes:
s41, determining that the primer breaks down into a top event of the fault tree;
s42, determining that the direct cause event of the primer breakdown is that the firing energy is too large, the primer shell bearing capacity is insufficient, and the primer shell bearing pressure is too large;
s43, establishing basic events of all direct cause events, and completing the establishment of a primer breakdown fault tree;
wherein the basic event of excessive firing energy comprises: the head of the striking pin has unreasonable shape and size14Over-large projected amount of firing pin X47Wedging X between the striking tip and the gun bolt taper hole49Rust of firing pin X50The designed small X of the bullet bottom clearance63Over-large designed spring force of hammer64；
The basic events of insufficient primer shell bearing capacity include: the strength of the primer shell is not enough X65Thin X at the bottom of the primer shell66And influence X on mechanical property of metal material in the firing-ignition system of the firearm under high-temperature environment57；
The basic event that the primer casing is subjected to overpressure includes: the primer and the primer chamber are matched and over-tightened X55The amount of the primer mixture is excessive X67Unreasonable shape and size of fire table X25And the specific heat capacity of the primer in a high-temperature environment is increased by X58The thermal conductivity coefficient of the primer mix in the high temperature environment becomes larger X59And the activation energy of the primer mixture in a high-temperature environment is improved60And the chemical reaction rate of the primer under the high-temperature environment is improved61。
The primer breakdown fault tree is shown in fig. 11.
The invention defines a firearm firing-ignition system to clearly analyze targets, ranges and various information related to analysis; analyzing the action mechanism of firing-ignition of the firearm, wherein the action mechanism is a process of thermal, mechanical and chemical coupling; based on a mechanism of action of firing and ignition of the firearm, influence factors of firing and ignition faults of the firearm are specifically analyzed from three aspects of design, manufacture and use; analyzing the influence relation of typical special environments such as high and low temperature, dust, river water immersion, salt mist and the like on the firing-ignition performance of the firearm; and finally, establishing a 5-gun firing-ignition system typical fault tree considering special environmental factors by applying an algorithm artificial tree building method. The general flow chart is shown in fig. 12, the invention deeply studies the firing-ignition action mechanism of the firearms and reveals that the firing-ignition action mechanism is a gun and bullet matching, thermal, mechanical and chemical coupling action process; based on the action mechanism of firing-ignition of the firearm, various influence factors causing firing-ignition faults of the firearm are comprehensively considered, particularly special environmental factors; deeply researching the influence of various factors such as structure size, material performance parameters, process parameters, special environment, the thermodynamic performance and chemical reaction performance of the primer/propellant powder on the firing-ignition performance of the firearm, and analyzing possible faults caused by the influence; support can be provided for reliability analysis and design of the firearm firing-ignition system.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for establishing a gun firing-ignition fault tree in a special environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, defining a firearm firing-ignition system;
s2, analyzing the action mechanism of the firearm firing-ignition system, and determining fault influence factors of the firearm firing-ignition system;
s3, determining fault influence factors of special environments on the firearm firing-ignition system, wherein the special environments comprise high and low temperature environments, dust raising environments, river soaking environments and/or salt spray environments;
and S4, and establishing the fault tree of the firearm firing-ignition system under the special environment by adopting an algorithm in combination with the fault influence factors determined by the S2 and the S3.
2. The method for building a firearm firing-firing fault tree under special circumstances as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S1 further comprises:
s11, determining the structural composition of a firearm firing-ignition system;
the structure of the firearm firing-ignition system comprises a firearm firing mechanism, a bullet primer, a bullet shell and propellant powder;
s12, determining the task function and the working mode formed by each structure of the firearm firing-ignition system; wherein:
the firearm firing mechanism is used for striking a bullet primer;
the bullet primer is used for igniting propellant powder;
the propellant powder is used for pushing the bullet to move in the gun barrel in an accelerated way;
the bullet shell is used for containing the propellant powder, connecting a bullet head with the bullet primer and simultaneously bearing the gas pressure of gunpowder and the acting force of a firearm automatic machine during launching;
s13, drawing a block diagram of the firearm firing-ignition system, wherein the block diagram at least comprises a functional block diagram.
3. The method for building the gun firing-firing fault tree under the special environment as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
in the step S11, the firearm firing mechanism includes a hammer, a hammer spring guide rod, a firing pin, a retainer ring, a recoil spring seat ring, a bolt and a socket;
the bullet primer comprises a primer shell, a primer powder and a tin foil cover plate;
the bullet shell, the bullet primer, the propellant powder and the bullet form a bullet;
in the step S13, the functional block diagram includes a hammer spring, a hammer spring guide, a hammer, a striker, a bolt, a primer case, a fire deck, a primer, a fire transfer hole, a propellant powder, a cartridge case of a bullet, and a bullet.
4. The method for building a gun firing-firing fault tree under special circumstances as claimed in claim 3, wherein said step S2 specifically includes:
analyzing the action mechanism of the firearm firing-ignition system by combining the functional block diagram of the firearm firing-ignition system, and respectively determining the following factors:
s21, determining factors which do not strike primer due to the movement of the firing mechanism, including design and manufacture factors and use factors;
the design and manufacture factors comprise at least one of insufficient strength of the hammering spring, poor fatigue resistance of the hammering spring, and jamming caused by interference of hammering movement and other components;
the using factors comprise at least one of the influence of excessive use times of the hammer spring and excessive dirt on the hammer movement;
s22, determining factors which influence the action of a firing mechanism of the firearm so as to influence the energy of the firing pin striking the primer, wherein the factors comprise design and manufacture factors and use factors;
the design manufacturing factors include: at least one of the bullet bottom clearance, the gunlock taper hole, the projection amount of the firing pin, the energy of the hammer spring and the interference existing in the motion process of the hammer;
the use factors include: at least one of the deformation or damage of the firing pin, the flattening of the arc surface of the head of the firing pin and the failure of the in-place safety mechanism leads the hammer not to be released and the failure of the hammer spring;
s23, determining design and manufacture factors which influence the impact dynamic performance of the firing pin primer cartridge case system so as to influence the firing energy transfer and the efficiency of converting the firing energy into ignition energy;
the fire primer cartridge comprises at least one of shape and size of a head part of a firing needle, center position of a firing powder surface, deflection degree of a firing needle, hardness of a bottom material of a primer shell, thickness of the primer shell bottom, thickness of the primer shell wall, height of a fire table from the firing powder surface, shape and size of the fire table, shallow filling depth of primer, small fillet of a mouth part of a primer chamber, scratch of the primer wall part, filling of primer into an inclined primer central concave and convex part, over-tight matching of a cartridge case and the primer, improper axial size matching relation among the height of the cartridge case fire table, the height of the primer powder surface and the filling depth of the primer, and insufficient strength of the primer shell;
s24, determining design and manufacture factors influencing ignition critical conditions of the primer mixture;
comprises at least one of uneven ingredients of the primer mixture, multiple packs of tinfoil cover plates, high pressure of pressing the primer mixture and neglected packing of the primer mixture;
s25, determining design and manufacturing factors influencing the ability of the primer output flame to ignite the propellant powder;
comprises at least one of uneven propellant powder components and propellant powder/propellant powder loading amount;
s26, determining influence factors causing the primer to be impacted under the abnormal firing condition so as to cause early ignition, wherein the influence factors comprise design and manufacture factors and use factors;
the design manufacturing factors include: at least one of premature release of the hammer, excessive mass of the firing pin, excessive projection of the firing pin, excessive re-entering speed of the automatic machine, and wedging between the firing pin tip and the conical hole of the gun bolt due to failure of the in-place safety mechanism;
the factors of use include shot pin rust death.
5. The method for building a firearm firing-firing fault tree under special circumstances as claimed in claim 4,
in step S3, when the special environment is a high-temperature environment or a low-temperature environment, the factors affecting the failure of the firearm firing-ignition system include:
at least one of the effects of high/low temperature on mechanical properties of a metallic material in the firearm firing-ignition system, the effects of high/low temperature on specific heat capacity of the primer, the effects of high/low temperature on thermal conductivity coefficient of the primer, the effects of high/low temperature on activation energy of the primer, the effects of high/low temperature on chemical reaction rate of the primer, the effects of low temperature on ignition conditions of the primer, and the effects of high/low temperature on ignition critical conditions of the primer;
in step S3, when the special environment is a dust environment, the factors affecting the failure of the firearm firing-ignition system include:
the impact and friction characteristics of the dust environment on the firing mechanism of the firearm are influenced to reduce the firing energy, the dust environment causes the hammer motion to interfere with other components to be blocked, and the dust environment influences the hammer motion;
in step S3, when the special environment is a river-immersed environment, the factors affecting the firing-ignition system failure of the firearm include:
the impact and friction characteristics of the river-soaking environment on the firing mechanism of the gun are influenced to reduce firing energy, the primer is wetted in the river-soaking environment, and the river-soaking environment influences the motion of the hammer/firing pin;
in step S3, when the special environment is a salt fog environment, the factors affecting the failure of the firearm firing-ignition system include:
the impact of the salt spray environment on the surface roughness of the firing mechanism causes at least one of reduction of firing energy, wetting of the primer under the salt spray environment, and wetting of the primer under the salt spray environment.
6. The method for building a firearm firing-firing fault tree under special circumstances according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 further comprises:
s41, determining whether the misfire or the delayed misfire is the top event of the fault tree;
s42, determining the direct cause events of the misfiring/delayed firing are insufficient firing energy, insufficient ignition capacity, improvement of ignition critical conditions of the primer, and mismatching of primer output capacity and ignition conditions of the primer;
s43, setting up a reason event of the direct reason event;
wherein, the cause events of insufficient firing energy are insufficient firing pin projection and insufficient firing pin energy; the events of reasons of insufficient ignition capability are that the firing pin structure is not matched with the primer, the primer sensitivity is low, and the cartridge case ignition structure is defective;
the ignition critical condition of the primer is improved, the primer output capability is not matched with the ignition condition of the primer, and no causal event is set;
s44, setting basic events of all reason events, and completing the establishment of a misfire/misfire fault tree;
wherein the basic events of insufficient firing pin projection include: the bullet bottom clearance is too large, the design of a gun trigger taper hole is unreasonable, the projection amount of the firing pin is too small, the firing pin is deformed or damaged, and the arc surface of the firing pin head is flattened;
the basic events of the firing pin energy shortage include: the energy design value of a hammer spring is too small, the percussion energy is excessively consumed due to interference in the motion process of the hammer, the in-place safety fails to enable the hammer to be undetachable, the hammer spring fails, the river-immersed environment influences the collision and friction characteristics of a percussion mechanism to reduce the percussion energy, the surface roughness of the percussion mechanism is changed in the salt spray environment to reduce the percussion energy, and the dust environment influences the collision and friction characteristics of the percussion mechanism to reduce the percussion energy;
the basic events of the firing pin structure mismatch with primer/cartridge case include: the firing pin has larger deflection degree and the shape and the size of the head part of the firing pin are unreasonable;
the basic events of low primer sensitivity include: the bottom of the primer shell is thick, the center of the primer surface is low, the hardness of the material at the bottom of the primer shell is high, the wall size of the primer shell is unreasonable, the mechanical properties of the primer shell, a firing pin, a cartridge shell and other metal materials in a low-temperature environment are influenced, so that the deformation absorption energy of the primer shell is increased, the specific heat capacity of the primer in the low-temperature environment is reduced, the heat conduction coefficient of the primer in the low-temperature environment is too low to be beneficial to hot spot formation and growth, the activation energy of the primer in the low-temperature environment is reduced to be not beneficial to hot spot formation and growth, the chemical reaction rate of the primer in the low-temperature environment is reduced, the primer in a river-soaking environment is moistened, and;
the basic events that the cartridge case firing structure is defective include: the height of the fire table from the medicine surface is too low, and the shape and the size of the fire table are unreasonable;
the basic events of the primer mixture ignition critical condition increase include: the primer mixture has the advantages that the primer mixture is uneven in components, the primer is provided with a tin foil cover plate, the pressure of the primer mixture is high, the primer mixture is not filled, the ignition condition required by ignition of the primer mixture is improved in a low-temperature environment, the primer mixture is damaged when impacted in the low-temperature environment, the ignition of the primer mixture is seriously influenced, the primer mixture is affected with damp in a river-soaking environment, and the primer mixture is affected with damp in a salt spray environment;
the basic events for which the primer output capability and propellant ignition conditions do not match include: the propellant has uneven components, less propellant/propellant charge, increased critical ignition conditions in low temperature environment, and is affected with moisture in river water and salt fog environment.
7. The method for building a firearm firing-firing fault tree under special circumstances according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 further comprises:
s41, determining that the fault tree is not triggered as a top event of the fault tree;
s42, determining that the direct cause event of the unfired state is failure of a firing motion component and blocked firing motion;
s43, setting up basic events of each direct reason event, and completing the establishment of an unfired fault tree;
the basic events of failure of the firing motion component comprise insufficient strength of a hammer spring, poor fatigue resistance of the hammer spring and excessive use times of the hammer spring;
the basic events of the blocking of the percussion motion comprise that the hammer motion is blocked due to the interference with other components, the hammer motion is influenced by excessive dirt in a dust raising environment, and the hammer/hammer pin motion is influenced by silt in a river water soaking environment.
8. The method for building a firearm firing-firing fault tree under special circumstances according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 further comprises:
s41, determining that the firing is weak as a top event of the fault tree;
s42, determining that the direct cause event of weakness of the percussion is insufficient percussion energy and insufficient ignition capacity;
s43, setting up the reason events of each direct reason event;
wherein, the cause events of insufficient firing energy are insufficient firing pin projection and insufficient firing pin energy; the cause events of insufficient ignition capability are poor matching between a firing pin structure and primer/cartridge case, low primer sensitivity and defective cartridge case ignition structure;
s44, setting up basic events of all reason events to complete the establishment of the weak triggering fault tree;
wherein the basic events of insufficient firing pin projection include: the bullet bottom clearance is too large, the design of a gun trigger taper hole is unreasonable, the projection amount of the firing pin is too small, the firing pin is deformed or damaged, and the arc surface of the firing pin head is flattened;
the basic events of the firing pin energy shortage include: the energy design value of a hammer spring is too small, the percussion energy is excessively consumed due to interference in the motion process of the hammer, the in-place safety fails to enable the hammer to be undetachable, the hammer spring fails, the river-immersed environment influences the collision and friction characteristics of a percussion mechanism to reduce the percussion energy, the surface roughness of the percussion mechanism is changed in the salt spray environment to reduce the percussion energy, and the dust environment influences the collision and friction characteristics of the percussion mechanism to reduce the percussion energy;
the basic events of the firing pin structure mismatch with primer/cartridge case include: the firing pin has larger deflection degree and the shape and the size of the head part of the firing pin are unreasonable;
the basic events of low primer sensitivity include: the bottom of the primer shell is thick, the center of the primer surface is low, the hardness of the material at the bottom of the primer shell is high, the wall thickness of the primer shell is unreasonable, and the mechanical properties of the primer shell, the firing pin, the cartridge shell and other metal materials in a low-temperature environment are affected, so that the deformation absorption energy of the primer shell is increased, the specific heat capacity of the primer in the low-temperature environment is reduced, the heat conduction coefficient of the primer in the low-temperature environment is too low to facilitate the formation and growth of hot spots, the activation energy of the primer in the low-temperature environment is reduced to facilitate the formation and growth of the hot spots, the chemical reaction rate of the primer in the low-temperature environment is reduced, the primer in a river-soaking environment is moistened;
the basic events that the cartridge case firing structure is defective include: the height of the fire platform from the medicine surface is too low, and the shape and the size of the fire platform are unreasonable.
9. The method for building a firearm firing-firing fault tree under special circumstances according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 further comprises:
s41, determining that early fire is a top event of the fault tree;
s42, determining that the direct cause event of the early ignition is that the primer is impacted when abnormally fired, the sensitivity of the primer is improved, the ignition critical condition of the primer is reduced, and the ignition critical condition of the propellant is reduced;
s43, establishing basic events of each direct reason event to complete the establishment of the early ignition fault tree;
wherein the basic event that the primer is impacted when the primer is abnormally fired comprises the following steps: the failure of the safety is not in place, which causes the driving hammer to be released in advance, the quality of the driving pin to be overlarge, the projection amount of the driving pin to be overlarge, the automatic machine to be in place speed to be overlarge, the driving pin point and the cone hole of the gun machine to be wedged tightly, and the driving pin to be rusted;
the basic events of the primer sensitivity improvement include: the depth of primer loading is too shallow, the fillet of the opening part of a primer chamber is too small, the wall part of the primer is scratched, the primer is loaded into the center of an inclined primer to be sunken and raised, the match between a cartridge case and the primer is too tight, the axial dimension match relationship between the height of a cartridge case fire platform/the height of the primer surface and the depth of primer loading is improper, and the influence on the mechanical property of a metal material in the firing-ignition system of the firearm is caused under a high-temperature environment;
the basic events of the primer mixture ignition threshold condition reduction include: the specific heat capacity of the primer mixture is improved in a high-temperature environment, the formation and growth of hot spots with an excessively large heat conduction coefficient of the primer mixture are accelerated in the high-temperature environment, the activation energy of the primer mixture is improved in the high-temperature environment, and the chemical reaction rate of the primer mixture is accelerated in the high-temperature environment;
the basic events of the reduction of critical conditions for propellant ignition include: the sensitivity is improved under the high-temperature environment, and the ignition critical condition of the propellant is reduced.
10. The method for building a firearm firing-firing fault tree under special circumstances according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 further comprises:
s41, determining that the primer breaks down into a top event of the fault tree;
s42, determining that the direct cause event of the primer breakdown is that the firing energy is too large, the primer shell bearing capacity is insufficient, and the primer shell bearing pressure is too large;
s43, establishing basic events of all direct cause events, and completing the establishment of a primer breakdown fault tree;
wherein the basic event of excessive firing energy comprises: the shape and the size of the head part of the striking pin are unreasonable, the projection amount of the striking pin is designed to be overlarge, the striking pin point and a cone hole of a gunlock are wedged tightly, the striking pin is rusted, the clearance of the bullet bottom is designed to be undersized, and the spring force of the striking hammer is designed to be overlarge;
the basic events of insufficient primer shell bearing capacity include: the intensity of the primer shell is not enough, the bottom of the primer shell is thin, and the influence on the mechanical property of a metal material in the firing-ignition system of the firearm is realized in a high-temperature environment;
the basic event that the primer casing is subjected to overpressure includes: the primer and the primer chamber are too tightly matched, the amount of the primer is too much, the shape and the size of the fire table are unreasonable, the specific heat capacity of the primer under the high-temperature environment is increased, the heat conduction coefficient of the primer under the high-temperature environment is increased, the activation energy of the primer under the high-temperature environment is improved, and the chemical reaction rate of the primer under the high-temperature environment is improved.
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