CN113048075A - Air pressurization system with centrifugal oil pump for fuel cell - Google Patents
Air pressurization system with centrifugal oil pump for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113048075A CN113048075A CN202110280131.XA CN202110280131A CN113048075A CN 113048075 A CN113048075 A CN 113048075A CN 202110280131 A CN202110280131 A CN 202110280131A CN 113048075 A CN113048075 A CN 113048075A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of centrifugal compressors, in particular to an air pressurization system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell, which comprises a double-output-shaft motor, a centrifugal oil pump, a centrifugal air compressor, a cooling medium circulation channel and a lubricating oil circulation channel, wherein the centrifugal oil pump and the centrifugal air compressor are respectively arranged at two ends of the double-output-shaft motor; the cooling medium circulation channel is arranged on the outer shell of the double-output-shaft motor, at least one part of the lubricating oil circulation channel is arranged on the inner shell of the double-output-shaft motor, and the lubricating oil circulation channel is communicated with an oil outlet of the centrifugal oil pump through an external connecting pipe. The invention provides an air pressurization system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell, which solves the problems that the existing air pressurization system has poor axial force balance and is easy to lose efficacy at high temperature and high rotating speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of centrifugal compressors, in particular to an air pressurization system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell.
Background
The air compressor is an important part of a cathode air supply system of the vehicle fuel cell system, and plays roles of improving the power density and efficiency of the fuel cell, reducing the size of the fuel cell, facilitating water heat management and the like by pressurizing inlet air of the fuel cell stack.
The electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell has more strict requirements on the parameters of air such as temperature, humidity, pressure, flow and the like compared with the traditional air compressor. Therefore, a compressor having superior performance and a good matching with the fuel cell system is very important for the fuel cell system. Oil-free, efficient, miniaturized, low-cost, low-noise and the like are basic requirements for a special air compressor for a fuel cell engine. When the centrifugal compressor works, the impeller rotates to apply work to the gas working medium, so that the gas is thrown into the fixed element behind the impeller, a vacuum area is formed in the impeller to suck external fresh working medium, and continuous rotation of the impeller can ensure continuous movement of the gas working medium. Therefore, compared with the conventionally used circulating pumps such as sliding vane type, scroll type, screw type, etc., the small size, light weight, and low noise are considered as the most promising air pressurization method.
However, the current density of the fuel cell is directly proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen, which requires the air compressor to provide a high head pressure to increase the partial pressure of oxygen. In order to achieve the required high pressure ratio, the direct-drive centrifugal air compressor has a single-stage scheme and a double-stage scheme, and compared with a two-stage scheme of connecting two impeller parts in series, the single-stage scheme has the advantages of being small in weight, high in power density, high in efficiency and the like, but the driving speed is required to be higher. The single-stage ultrahigh-speed centrifugal air compressor generally runs at over 120000rpm, so a series of technical problems of high motor rotating speed, high power density motor heat dissipation, axial force balance at high rotating speed and the like are brought.
For the existing centrifugal air compressor for single-stage or two-stage fuel cells, the single-stage structure has larger pressure ratio, smaller flow and compact structure, but the rotating speed of the driving motor is high, so the problems of failure of a bearing and the motor at high temperature and high rotating speed, poor axial force balance and the like cannot be avoided by using the single-stage structure; the double-stage structure can reduce the requirement on the rotating speed of the motor to a certain degree, effectively balance the axial force on two sides of the impeller and correspondingly increase the complexity of the whole structure. The problems that an air bearing used for oil pollution of an oil lubrication bearing is high in machining precision, immature in machining process and high in manufacturing cost are solved; the friction roller type speed increaser provided for solving the difficulty in developing a high-speed motor provides challenges for arrangement of a lubricating oil path and sealing of the whole machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an air pressurization system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell, which aims to solve the problems that the existing air pressurization system has poor axial force balance and is easy to lose efficacy at high temperature and high rotating speed.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: an air pressurization system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell comprises a double-output-shaft motor, a centrifugal oil pump, a centrifugal air compressor, a cooling medium circulation channel and a lubricating oil circulation channel, wherein the centrifugal oil pump and the centrifugal air compressor are respectively arranged at two ends of the double-output-shaft motor;
the cooling medium circulation channel is arranged on an outer shell of the double-output-shaft motor, at least one part of the lubricating oil circulation channel is arranged on an inner shell of the double-output-shaft motor, and one end of the lubricating oil circulation channel is communicated with an oil outlet of the centrifugal oil pump through an external connecting pipe.
Preferably, the double-output-shaft motor comprises a first motor shaft, a second motor shaft, a first gland and a second gland, the first gland and the second gland are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the double-output-shaft motor body, the first motor shaft passes through the first gland and is connected to an impeller of the double-output-shaft motor, the second motor shaft passes through the second gland and is connected to the speed increaser, and an output shaft of the speed increaser is connected to the impeller of the centrifugal air compressor; the second motor shaft is of a hollow structure, and the side wall of the second motor shaft is provided with at least one first oil hole.
Preferably, the lubricating oil circulation passage includes a first oil passage, a second oil passage, a third oil passage, and a fourth oil passage;
the first oil duct is arranged on the inner shell of the double-output-shaft motor; the second oil duct is arranged on the second pressure cover along the radial direction, the first end of the second oil duct is communicated with the first oil duct, and the second end of the second oil duct is communicated with the first oil hole on the second motor shaft; the third oil duct is arranged in the output shaft on one side, close to the second motor shaft, of the speed increaser, at least one second oil hole is formed in the output shaft, the first end of the third oil duct is communicated with the end part of the second motor shaft, and the second end of the third oil duct is communicated with the second oil hole; an oil collecting groove is formed in one side, close to the double-output-shaft motor, of the shell of the speed increaser; the fourth oil duct is arranged on the second pressure cover, one end of the fourth oil duct is communicated with the oil collecting groove, and the other end of the fourth oil duct is communicated with the oil discharging port.
Preferably, the side wall of the shell is further provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet, the oil inlet is located at one end, close to the centrifugal oil pump, of the double-output-shaft motor, one end of the oil inlet is communicated with the lubricating oil circulation channel, and the other end of the oil inlet is communicated with the oil outlet of the centrifugal oil pump through an external connecting pipe.
Preferably, a first adjusting pad for controlling the axial clearance of the centrifugal oil pump impeller assembly is arranged between the first motor shaft of the double-output-shaft motor and the first gland, and a second adjusting pad is arranged between the second motor shaft and the second gland.
Preferably, the inner wall of the first adjusting pad is provided with an arc groove and sealed by a sealing ring.
Preferably, the inner wall and the outer wall of the second adjusting cushion are both provided with arc grooves and sealed by sealing rings.
Preferably, the speed increaser is a planetary gear speed increaser or a friction roller speed increaser.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with a structure of two-stage impeller compression, the centrifugal compressor for the fuel cell compressed by the single-stage impeller has the advantages that the single-stage pressure ratio is higher, the centrifugal compressor is more suitable for the working condition range required by a fuel cell stack, the design cost of the single-stage impeller is far lower than that of the two-stage impeller, the motor adopts a two-stage protective cover structure, cooling water and lubricating oil are circulated in two protective covers in parallel, and the working temperature of the whole machine is effectively reduced.
(2) Compared with the prior art, the centrifugal oil pump and the centrifugal air compressor are arranged back to back, so that the axial force on the single-stage impeller is effectively balanced, and the service life of the single-stage structure is prolonged. The centrifugal oil pump is connected with an external oil way to realize the circulation of lubricating oil, and compared with a packaged vane pump or other rotary oil pumps, the centrifugal oil pump is more beneficial to the maintenance and replacement of oil pump parts besides the advantage of balancing the axial force.
(3) The invention has simple working principle, accelerates the motor shaft with general rotating speed through the speed increaser, avoids the use of a high-speed motor, reduces the cost required by cooling the motor, simultaneously uses the traditional oil lubricating bearing, avoids the use of a high-speed air bearing, and reduces the time and the cost on technical development and production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an air supercharging system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the air charging system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the speed increaser.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the speed increaser case.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the transmission plate of the speed increaser.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the resilient outer ring of the speed increaser.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the first adjustment pad.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a second adjustment pad.
In the figure: 1-centrifugal oil pump, 2-double-output-shaft motor, 21-first motor shaft, 22-second motor shaft, 221-first oil hole, 23-first gland, 24-second gland, 241-second oil channel, 242-fourth oil channel, 25-first adjusting pad, 26-second adjusting pad, 27-outer shell, 271-cooling medium circulation channel, 272-oil inlet, 273-oil outlet, 28-inner shell, 281-first oil channel, 3-speed increaser, 31-output shaft, 311-third oil channel, 312-second oil hole, 32-driving plate, 33-elastic outer ring, 34-friction roller, 35-retainer, 36-shell, 361-oil collecting tank and 4-centrifugal air compressor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the air pressurization system for a fuel cell with a centrifugal oil pump comprises a centrifugal oil pump 1, a double-output-shaft motor 2, a speed increaser 3 and a centrifugal air compressor 4, and when the system works, the rotating speed of the water-cooled double-output-shaft motor 2 can be adjusted through a frequency converter according to the power required by a fuel cell stack.
The double-output-shaft motor 2 is of a structure with two ends extending out, and comprises a first gland 23, a second gland 24, a first motor shaft 21 and a second motor shaft 22 which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the body of the double-output-shaft motor 2, the second motor shaft 22 is of a hollow structure, the side wall of the second motor shaft 22 is provided with at least one first oil hole 221 along the radial direction, one end of the first motor shaft 21 penetrates through the first gland 23 to be connected to an impeller of the centrifugal oil pump 1, and the impeller is driven to rotate and supplies oil to the speed increaser 3. One end of the second motor shaft 22 passes through the second gland 24 and is connected to the speed increaser 3, and the speed increaser 3 amplifies the shaft end rotating speed of the second motor shaft 22 and then connects the output shaft 31 thereof to the impeller of the centrifugal air compressor 4, so that the impeller of the centrifugal air compressor 4 can rotate at a rated high rotating speed. The single-stage impeller of the centrifugal air compressor 4 can reach the high rotating speed required by the fuel cell stack through the speed increaser 3, the problem of insufficient production conditions of a high-speed motor is solved, and the problem of axial force balance of a single-stage structure is solved through a back-to-back arrangement mode of the centrifugal oil pump 1 and the impeller of the centrifugal air compressor 4.
The first gland 23 and the second gland 24 are respectively connected with the first motor shaft 21 and the second motor shaft 22 in an interference manner to prevent loosening, and machining tolerance ensures the quick disassembly of the bearing. A first adjusting washer 25 is arranged between the first motor shaft 21 and the first gland 23, and a second adjusting washer 26 is arranged between the second motor shaft 22 and the second gland 24. One end of the impeller of the centrifugal oil pump 1 is contacted with the first adjusting pad 25, the purpose of controlling the assembling axial clearance of the impeller of the centrifugal oil pump 1 is achieved through the processing tolerance of the first adjusting pad 25, and the abrasion of the shaft ends of the first motor shaft 21 and the second motor shaft 22 is reduced. The inner rings of the bearings of the first motor shaft 21 and the second motor shaft 22 are respectively compressed by the first adjusting cushion 25 and the second adjusting cushion 26, the outer rings are respectively compressed by the inner walls of the first gland 23 and the second gland 24, and the bearings of the first motor shaft 21 and the second motor shaft 22 are arranged back to bear loads in left and right directions, so that the axial load fluctuation working condition of the centrifugal air compressor 4 in operation is adapted.
When the friction roller type speed increaser shown in fig. 3-6 is selected, the second motor shaft 22 is connected with the driving plate 32 at the speed increaser 3 side through threads, bosses at two ends of the driving plate 32 are matched with the through grooves on the elastic outer ring 33, so that the elastic outer ring 33 and the driving plate 32 synchronously rotate along with the second motor shaft 22, the central shafts of the three friction rollers 34 are limited by the retainer 35, and the retainer 35 is fixedly connected with the shell 36 through the fixing bolt and cannot rotate, so that the three friction rollers 34 only can rotate around the central shafts. The friction roller 34 and the output shaft 31 of the speed-increasing gear 3 are in line contact with each other, and speed is increased by the lubricating oil.
As shown in fig. 2, a cooling medium circulation channel 271, an oil inlet 272 and an oil outlet 273 are formed in the double-output shaft motor casing 27, the cooling medium circulation channel 271 is an annular cooling water channel, the water inlet and the water outlet of the cooling medium circulation channel 271 are formed in the same side of the casing 27, the oil inlet 272 and the oil outlet 273 are not communicated with the cooling medium circulation channel 271, the oil inlet 272 is located at one end of the double-output shaft motor 2 close to the centrifugal oil pump 1, one end of the oil inlet 272 is communicated with the lubricating oil circulation channel, and the other end is communicated with the oil outlet of the centrifugal oil pump 1 through an external pipe; the lubricating oil circulation passage includes a first oil passage 281, a second oil passage 241, a third oil passage 311, and a fourth oil passage 242; the first oil passage 281 is an annular passage that is opened on the double-output-shaft motor inner casing 28 and is arranged in parallel with the cooling medium circulation passage 271; the second oil passage 241 is radially arranged in the second gland, and a first end of the second oil passage 241 is communicated with the first oil passage 281, and a second end is communicated with the first oil hole 221 on the second motor shaft 22; the third oil passage 311 is arranged in the output shaft 31 on the side of the speed increaser 3 close to the second motor shaft 22 along the axis, at least one second oil hole 312 is arranged on the output shaft 31 along the radial direction, the first end of the third oil passage 311 is communicated with the end part of the second motor shaft 22, and the second end is communicated with the second oil hole 312; an oil collecting groove 361 is formed in one side, close to the double-output-shaft motor 2, of the shell 36 of the speed increaser 3; the fourth oil passage 242 is provided in the second gland 24, and one end of the fourth oil passage 242 communicates with the oil sump 361 and the other end communicates with the oil drain 273. The oil pumped out from the centrifugal oil pump 1 flows back to the lubricating oil circulation channel through the external connecting pipe, is lubricated and returns to the external loop after passing through the speed increaser 3, the circulation of a lubricating oil path is realized, the cooling water channel and the lubricating oil channel are arranged in parallel, the oil and water channels are used for cooling the double-output-shaft motor 2, the working temperature of the centrifugal air compressor 4 is effectively reduced, and the working reliability of the double-output-shaft motor 2 and parts such as bearings and sealing elements is improved.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the inner ring of the first adjusting shim 25 is provided with an arc groove, a seal ring is mounted on the inner ring, so that the lubricating oil from the impeller side of the centrifugal oil pump 1 does not leak into the dual output motor 2 from the first adjusting shim 25 and the first motor shaft 21, and a seal structure is additionally mounted on the outer ring of the first adjusting shim 25 so as to seal the oil leaking to the dual output motor 2 along the inner diameter of the first gland 2; sealing rings are arranged in the circular arc grooves of the inner ring and the outer ring of the second adjusting pad 26 on the side of the speed increaser 3, and can seal oil leaked from the oil filling channel of the second adjusting pad 26. The sealing elements are also attached to the bore sections of the housing 36 of the speed-increasing gearbox 3 and the output shaft 31. Thus, the whole oil is sealed.
When the air compressor works, lubricating oil in the external oil loop is pumped out from the oil tank, passes through the oil filter and the cooler, enters the centrifugal oil pump 1, is compressed by the impeller of the centrifugal oil pump 1, enters the external pipe from the oil pump volute, flows into the first oil duct 281 and the second oil duct 241 through the oil inlet 272, flows into the cavity of the second motor shaft 22 through the first oil hole 221, flows into the third oil duct 311 from the cavity of the second motor shaft 22, flows out along the second oil hole 312 on the output shaft 31 under the action of centrifugal force when the output shaft 31 rotates, and supplies oil to the whole speed increaser 3. The redundant lubricating oil is accumulated in the oil collecting groove 361 and then flows into the oil outlet 273 through the fourth oil channel 242, so that the redundant lubricating oil is returned to the oil tank externally connected with the oil loop again, and the oil is circulated repeatedly.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related systems, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The air pressurization system with the centrifugal oil pump for the fuel cell comprises a double-output-shaft motor, the centrifugal oil pump and a centrifugal air compressor, and is characterized by further comprising a cooling medium circulation channel and a lubricating oil circulation channel, wherein the centrifugal oil pump and the centrifugal air compressor are respectively arranged at two ends of the double-output-shaft motor, and a speed increaser for amplifying the rotating speed of the shaft end of the double-output-shaft motor is arranged between the double-output-shaft motor and the centrifugal air compressor;
the cooling medium circulation channel is arranged on an outer shell of the double-output-shaft motor, at least one part of the lubricating oil circulation channel is arranged on an inner shell of the double-output-shaft motor, and one end of the lubricating oil circulation channel is communicated with an oil outlet of the centrifugal oil pump through an external connecting pipe.
2. The air supercharging system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the double-output-shaft motor comprises a first motor shaft, a second motor shaft, a first gland and a second gland, the first gland and the second gland are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a double-output-shaft motor body, the first motor shaft penetrates through the first gland and is connected to an impeller of the double-output-shaft motor, the second motor shaft penetrates through the second gland and is connected to the speed increaser, and an output shaft of the speed increaser is connected with the impeller of the centrifugal air compressor; the second motor shaft is of a hollow structure, and the side wall of the second motor shaft is provided with at least one first oil hole.
3. The air supercharging system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: the lubricating oil circulation channel comprises a first oil channel, a second oil channel, a third oil channel and a fourth oil channel;
the first oil duct is arranged on the inner shell of the double-output-shaft motor; the second oil duct is arranged on the second pressure cover along the radial direction, the first end of the second oil duct is communicated with the first oil duct, and the second end of the second oil duct is communicated with the first oil hole on the second motor shaft; the third oil duct is arranged in the output shaft on one side, close to the second motor shaft, of the speed increaser, at least one second oil hole is formed in the output shaft, the first end of the third oil duct is communicated with the end part of the second motor shaft, and the second end of the third oil duct is communicated with the second oil hole; an oil collecting groove is formed in one side, close to the double-output-shaft motor, of the shell of the speed increaser; the fourth oil duct is arranged on the second pressure cover, one end of the fourth oil duct is communicated with the oil collecting groove, and the other end of the fourth oil duct is communicated with the oil discharging port.
4. The air supercharging system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: the oil inlet is positioned at one end of the double-output-shaft motor close to the centrifugal oil pump, one end of the oil inlet is communicated with the lubricating oil circulation channel, and the other end of the oil inlet is communicated with an oil outlet of the centrifugal oil pump through an external connecting pipe.
5. The air supercharging system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: a first adjusting pad used for controlling the assembling axial clearance of the centrifugal oil pump impeller is arranged between a first motor shaft and a first gland of the double-output-shaft motor, and a second adjusting pad is arranged between a second motor shaft and a second gland.
6. The air supercharging system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: an arc groove is formed in the inner wall of the first adjusting pad and is sealed through a sealing ring.
7. The air supercharging system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: arc grooves are formed in the inner wall and the outer wall of the second adjusting cushion and are sealed through sealing rings.
8. The air supercharging system with a centrifugal oil pump for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the speed increaser is a planetary gear speed increaser or a friction roller type speed increaser.
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| CN202110280131.XA CN113048075A (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Air pressurization system with centrifugal oil pump for fuel cell |
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| CN202110280131.XA CN113048075A (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Air pressurization system with centrifugal oil pump for fuel cell |
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Application publication date: 20210629 |