CN113046679A - Method for generating oxide film on rod end - Google Patents
Method for generating oxide film on rod end Download PDFInfo
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- CN113046679A CN113046679A CN202110208163.9A CN202110208163A CN113046679A CN 113046679 A CN113046679 A CN 113046679A CN 202110208163 A CN202110208163 A CN 202110208163A CN 113046679 A CN113046679 A CN 113046679A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/04—Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
- C23C8/16—Oxidising using oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. water, carbon dioxide
- C23C8/18—Oxidising of ferrous surfaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for generating an oxide film on a bar end, which comprises the following steps: the temperature of the bar at the position of the fixed-length shear is ensured to be 250-400 ℃ through temperature control; the bar was cut using a shear. The method can ensure that the thickness of the oxidation film layer at the end of the bar is 1-3 mu m, and the surface Fe is subjected to energy spectrum analysis3O4The mass percentage of the O content of the oxide film is 2-15%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steel production and manufacturing, in particular to a method for generating an oxide film on a bar end.
Background
According to GB/T1499.2-2018, part 2 of steel for reinforced concrete: hot rolled ribbed bar, steel for reinforced concrete of GB/T1499.1-2017 part 1: hot rolling plain steel bar, the surface of the produced steel bar can form a layer of oxidation film at high temperature during production, and the effect of slowing down the corrosion of the steel bar is achieved. The conventional straight hot-rolled ribbed steel bar production process has the advantages that the fixed-length shearing mode is mechanical shearing, two end surface metal matrixes of the sheared straight steel bar are directly exposed in the air, and once the straight steel bar is in contact with water in the storage and transportation links, the straight steel bar is corroded at once, the appearance of the straight steel bar is influenced, and the selling and the using are influenced.
In summary, the following problems exist in the prior art: after the bar is sheared, the end can be rusted, and the use is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for generating an oxide film at the end of a bar, which aims to solve the problem that the end of the bar is rusted after being sheared to influence the use.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for generating an oxide film on a bar end, which comprises the following steps:
the temperature of the bar at the position of the fixed-length shear is ensured to be 250-400 ℃ through temperature control;
the bar was cut using a shear.
Further, the temperature control includes: increasing the temperature of the upper cooling bed: keeping the temperature of the upper cooling bed of the steel bar at 950-1050 ℃.
Further, the temperature control includes: during single-line rolling, a plurality of bars are stored on one tooth of the stepping rack of the cooling bed.
Further, the temperature control includes: set up heat preservation device on the cold bed, heat preservation device includes: a heat preservation cover covering the upper part of the cooling bed.
Further, the heat preservation device is rotary type cold bed heat preservation cover system, and rotary type cold bed heat preservation cover system includes: a plurality of heat preservation units at the both sides symmetrical arrangement of cold bed width direction, every heat preservation unit includes:
the bottom end of the upright post 5 is supported on the base material; the top end of the upright post 5 is higher than the cooling bed;
the rotating shaft 7 is arranged at the top end of the upright post 5;
the heat preservation cover 6 is of a plate-shaped structure, and a first end of the heat preservation cover 6 is rotatably connected with the rotating shaft 7;
the first end of the steel wire rope 4 is connected with the second end of the heat-preservation cover 6;
and the motor 2 is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope 4.
Further, each heat preservation unit further comprises: and the fixed pulley 3 is arranged in a plant where the cooling bed is arranged, and the motor 2 is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope 4 through the fixed pulley 3.
Further, the heat preservation device is telescopic cold bed heat preservation cover system, and telescopic cold bed heat preservation cover system includes: a plurality of heat preservation units at the both sides symmetrical arrangement of cold bed width direction, every heat preservation unit includes:
the bottom end of the upright post 5 is supported on the base material; the top end of the upright post 5 is higher than the cooling bed;
the cover keeps warm, connects stand 5, the cover that keeps warm includes: a plate-shaped fixed heat-insulating cover 61 and a sliding heat-insulating cover 63;
the fixed heat-insulation cover 61 is obliquely arranged, and the first end of the fixed heat-insulation cover 61 is fixedly connected to the top end of the upright post 5;
a slide rail 62 mounted on the fixed heat-insulating cover 61 and extending in a direction away from the first end of the fixed heat-insulating cover 61;
the sliding heat-preservation cover 63 is arranged on the sliding rail 62 in a sliding manner and is positioned above the fixed heat-preservation cover 61;
the first end of the steel wire rope 4 is connected with the sliding heat-preservation cover 63;
and the motor 2 is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope 4.
Further, the bottom of the sliding heat-preserving cover 63 is provided with a roller 64, the sliding heat-preserving cover 63 slides in the sliding rail 62 through the roller,
and the slide rail 62 is also provided with a limiting device for limiting the roller 64.
Further, the first end of the fixed heat-insulating cover 61 is a bottom end, the second end of the fixed heat-insulating cover 61 is a top end, and the second end of the fixed heat-insulating cover 61 extends upwards from the first end of the fixed heat-insulating cover 61; the first end of the steel wire rope 4 is connected to the top end of the sliding heat-insulation cover 63, and the upright post 5 is arranged on the first side of the cooling bed;
each heat preservation unit further comprises: the fixed pulley 3 is used for connecting the motor 2 with the steel wire rope 4 through the fixed pulley 3, and the motor 2, the fixed pulley 3 and the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 are all positioned on the same side of the upright post 5;
or the motor 2 and the fixed pulley 3 are both far away from the first side 11 of the cooling bed and close to the second side 12 of the cooling bed.
Further, the top end of the upright post 5 is 1-2 m higher than the plane of the cooling bed.
By adopting the measures, the steel bar can be ensured to be clean at the shearing opening of the fixed-length shear and be in a high-temperature environment, and the iron matrix of the shearing opening is combined with oxygen to form a layer of Fe3O4The oxide film protects the ends of the steel bars, and the thickness of the oxide film is thicker than that of the air cooling. The thickness of the oxide film layer is 1-3 mu m, and the surface Fe is subjected to energy spectrum analysis3O4The mass percentage of the O content of the oxide film is 2-15%. The end of the steel bar which is not blued has no Fe3O4And (3) an oxide film, wherein the content of O on the surface of the end of the steel bar is 0% by mass when the spectrum analysis is used.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rotary cooling bed heat-insulating cover system used in the method for forming an oxide film on the end of a bar according to the present invention; wherein, part of the motor and the steel wire rope are removed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rotary cooling bed heat preservation cover system used in the method for generating an oxide film on the end of the bar material according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the front view direction of a telescopic cooling bed heat preservation cover system used in the method for forming an oxide film on the end of the rod material according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is the schematic view of FIG. 3 with the motor, fixed pulley and cable removed from one of the thermal units;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the working principle of the present invention for cutting bars by using a flame cutting gun;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the working principle of the present invention for heating the end face of the bar material by using laser.
The reference numbers illustrate: 1. cooling the bed; 2. a motor; 3. a fixed pulley; 4. a wire rope; 5. a column; 6. a heat-preserving cover; 7. a rotating shaft; 11. a first side of the cooling bed; 12. a second side of the cooling bed; 15. the center line of the cooling bed; 20. a heat preservation unit; 61. fixing a heat preservation cover; 62. a slide rail; 63. sliding the heat preservation cover; 64. a roller; 80. a bar material; 82. a steel feeding roller way is arranged; 84. a flame cutting gun; 86. a track; 90. bundling the rods; 91. a finished product collecting rack; 92. a laser heating device; 93. a first guard plate; 94. a laser heating device; 95. and a second protection plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the applicant found that: fe can be accelerated in high temperature environment3O4And forming an oxide film, namely forming a blue end face on the end face. Therefore, the applicant believes that the Fe can be accelerated by simulating a high-temperature environment3O4Formation of oxide film, e.g. in shear, by ensuring higher temperature, suitable Fe is formed3O4And (5) oxidizing the film.
Firstly, temperature guarantee: an 18-frame hot continuous rolling unit is adopted, and the method is as follows according to GB/T1499.2-2018 part 2 of steel for reinforced concrete: hot-rolled ribbed bar "no slitting process was used to produce phi 25mm specification HRB400E hot-rolled ribbed bar. The production time is winter, and the outside temperature is 5 ℃.
(1) Increasing the temperature of the upper cooling bed: and controlling the temperature of the upper cooling bed of the steel bar to be 980-1020 ℃.
(2) A plurality of steel bars are stored in a tooth mode: and (3) rolling a single wire with the specification of phi 25mm, adjusting the parameters of a cooling bed, and storing 2 steel bars in one tooth to reduce the temperature drop.
(3) The cooling bed is additionally provided with a heat preservation cover: a movable cold bed heat insulation cover is used in the cold bed, the angle of the heat insulation device is adjusted to be parallel to the cold bed, and the coverage rate of the cold bed is 100%.
(4) The rolling line is in a normal production state, the production speed of the rolling mill is high, and the conveying speed of the cooling bed is determined by the production speed of the rolling mill.
(5) The shear mouth of the fixed-length shearing equipment has no oil drip, and the end has no oil stain when the reinforcing steel bar is sheared.
In addition, can also link cold bed conveying speed and scale and cut a reinforcing bar temperature in order to guarantee the scale and cut a temperature, specifically be: under the conventional production, the conveying speed of a cooling bed is linked with the production of a rolling mill, the speed of the cooling bed is high when the production speed of the rolling mill is high, but when the production rhythm is unstable, the temperature of a steel bar reaching the fixed length shear is greatly fluctuated. Therefore, the steel bar temperature measuring equipment is additionally arranged at the fixed-length shear, the temperature at the fixed-length shear is also linked with the conveying speed of the cooling bed, the production speed of the rolling mill is high, and the conveying speed of the cooling bed is determined by the production speed of the rolling mill when the temperature at the fixed-length shear meets the requirement; when the production rhythm of the rolling mill is unstable or the production of the rolling mill is stopped, the temperature of the fixed length shear is ensured to be the first requirement, and the conveying speed of the cooling bed is accelerated.
(3.1) the heat preservation cover is in a rotary type:
the heat preservation device is rotary type cold bed heat preservation cover system, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, rotary type cold bed heat preservation cover system includes: a plurality of heat-insulating units 20 symmetrically arranged on both sides in the width direction of the cooling bed 1, each heat-insulating unit 20 comprising:
the bottom end of the upright post 5 is supported on a base material of a factory building; the top end of the upright post 5 is higher than the cooling bed 1; for example, the top end of the upright post 5 is 1-2 m higher than the plane of the cooling bed; so as to realize proper heat preservation effect;
the rotating shaft 7 is arranged at the top end of the upright post 5;
the heat preservation cover 6 is of a plate-shaped structure, and a first end of the heat preservation cover 6 is rotatably connected with the rotating shaft 7;
the first end of the steel wire rope 4 is connected with the second end of the heat-preservation cover 6;
the motor 2 is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope 4, and the steel wire rope 4 is hoisted by the motor 2 to lift the top end of the heat-insulating cover 6, so that the heat-insulating cover 6 rotates upwards.
Further, each heat preservation unit further comprises: and the fixed pulley 3 is arranged in a plant where the cooling bed is arranged, and the motor 2 is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope 4 through the fixed pulley 3, namely the top end of the steel wire rope 4 in the figure 2. In each heat-insulating unit 20, for example, in the heat-insulating unit 20 on the left side in fig. 2, the motor 2, the fixed pulley 3, and the wire rope 4 are located on the same side of the center line 15 of the cooling bed, the motor 2, the fixed pulley 3, and the wire rope 4 are located on the outer side of the heat-insulating cover 6, the height of the fixed pulley 3 is higher than that of the upright post 5, and the fixed pulley 3 is located above the top end of the upright post 5. The motor 2 hoists the steel wire rope 4 to realize that the top end of the heat preservation cover 6 rises, when the top end of the heat preservation cover 6 descends, the motor 2 loosens the tension or the hoisting of the steel wire rope 4, the heat preservation cover 6 is suspended at the top end at the moment, and under the action of gravity, the steel wire rope can automatically descend due to the fact that the steel wire rope 4 is not tensioned, so that the complete action of ascending and descending is realized. Because the gravity action is adopted to realize automatic descending, the device for arranging the motor or realizing automatic descending is reduced, the space occupation and the economic cost are reduced, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the effect is good.
For example, the cooling bed 1 of the 18-stand hot continuous rolling line has a rectangular shape as a whole, a length of 120m and a width of 12m, and 10 heat-insulating covers 6 are arranged on each side of the cooling bed in the width direction, and 20 heat-insulating covers are arranged on the two sides.
The heat preservation cover 6 is arranged at two ends of the rectangular cooling bed in the width direction symmetrically, a single heat preservation cover is a rectangle with the length of 12m and the width of 6m, the bottom of the heat preservation cover is positioned at two sides of the cooling bed in the width direction, the bottom of the heat preservation cover is a rotating shaft 7, and the bottom of the heat preservation cover is higher than the plane of the cooling bed by 1.5m so as to realize a better heat preservation effect and take cooling into account. The adjusting angles of the rotating shaft 7 and the heat-insulating cover 6 are 0-90 degrees, and the rotating shaft and the heat-insulating cover can be parallel to the cooling bed, so that complete coverage is realized. And the heat preservation cover can be in a state vertical to the cooling bed when the cooling bed is overhauled, so that the overhaul is convenient.
The heat preservation cover 6 is composed of two parts, one surface facing the cooling bed is a lower surface, the other surface back to the cooling bed is an upper surface, the upper surface is a structural layer and is composed of an edge frame, a middle X-shaped reinforcing rib and a plane plate, and the material is a common Q235 steel plate; the lower surface is the cotton heat preservation of refractory fibre, and thickness 10cm is fixed at the upper surface through the steel band, and the lower surface can play the heat preservation effect and can avoid high temperature to toast and lead to the ectonexine to warp again, has also alleviateed the weight that keeps warm the cover simultaneously.
When the outside is winter and the temperature is 5 ℃, the angle of the heat-insulating cover 6 is adjusted to be parallel to the cooling bed, the left heat-insulating cover 6 covers half of the cooling bed on the left side, and the right heat-insulating cover 6 covers half of the cooling bed on the right side, so that the coverage rate of the two symmetrical heat-insulating covers 6 on the cooling bed is 100%, and the temperature drop of the steel bars on the cooling bed is reduced. When the outside temperature is higher, for example in summer, the angle of the heat-preserving cover is adjusted to be 30 degrees, 45 degrees or 60 degrees with the horizontal direction, so that the heat-preserving cover partially covers the cooling bed. The surface temperature of the steel bar at the fixed length shearing position is 290-330 ℃, the shearing opening is clean after the steel bar is sheared, and an iron matrix of the shearing opening is combined with oxygen in the air to form a layer of blue Fe with the thickness of 2.2 mu m3O4The oxidation film protects the ends of the steel bars.
(3.2) the heat preservation cover is telescopic:
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the thermal insulation device is a telescopic cooling bed thermal insulation cover system, and the telescopic cooling bed thermal insulation cover system includes: a plurality of heat-retaining units 20 symmetrically arranged on both sides in the width direction of the cooling bed, each heat-retaining unit 20 including:
the bottom end of the upright post 5 is supported on the base material; the top end of the upright post 5 is higher than the cooling bed; for example, the top end of the upright post 5 is 1-2 m higher than the plane of the cooling bed; so as to realize proper heat preservation effect;
the cover 6 that keeps warm connects stand 5, the cover 6 that keeps warm includes: a plate-shaped fixed heat-insulating cover 61 and a sliding heat-insulating cover 63;
fixed cover 61 that keeps warm, the slope sets up, and inclination is: 15 degrees to 45 degrees, for example 15 degrees, 30 degrees or 45 degrees, to ensure the covering effect and realize gravity recovery, the first end of the fixed heat-insulating cover 61 is fixedly connected to the top end of the upright post 5;
a slide rail 62 mounted on the fixed heat-insulating cover 61 and extending in a direction away from the first end of the fixed heat-insulating cover 61;
the sliding heat-preservation cover 63 is arranged on the sliding rail 62 in a sliding manner and is positioned above the fixed heat-preservation cover 61; the sliding heat preservation cover 63 is also obliquely arranged;
the first end of the steel wire rope 4 is connected with the sliding heat-preservation cover 63;
and the motor 2 is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope 4.
Further, the bottom of the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 is provided with a roller 64, the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 slides in the sliding rail 62 through the roller, and the sliding rail 62 is further provided with a limiting device for limiting the roller 64 to prevent the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 from sliding out of the fixed heat-insulating cover 61.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the first end of the fixed heat-preserving cover 61 is a bottom end, the second end of the fixed heat-preserving cover 61 is a top end, and the second end of the fixed heat-preserving cover 61 extends upwards from the first end of the fixed heat-preserving cover 61; the first end of the steel wire rope 4 is connected to the top end of the sliding heat-insulation cover 63, and the upright post 5 is arranged on the first side of the cooling bed;
each heat preservation unit further comprises: the fixed pulley 3 is connected with the motor 2 through the fixed pulley 3 and the steel wire rope 4, as shown in fig. 4, the motor 2, the fixed pulley 3 and the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 are all positioned on the right side of the upright post 5; or the motor 2 and the fixed pulley 3 are both far away from the first side 11 of the cooling bed and close to the second side 12 of the cooling bed. That is, the arrangement in which the left sliding heat retaining cover 63 ascends by being pulled by the right motor 2 and the fixed pulley 3 and the right sliding heat retaining cover 63 ascends by being pulled by the left motor 2 and the fixed pulley 3 is such that the sliding heat retaining cover 63 automatically returns to contract or descend by the action of gravity, and the number of devices provided for the motors or the automatic descending can be reduced.
When the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 slides downwards or contracts, the motor 2 loosens the tension or winding of the steel wire rope 4, and the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 can automatically descend under the action of gravity because of the inclined arrangement because the steel wire rope 4 is not tensioned, so that the complete ascending and descending actions are realized. Because the gravity action is adopted to realize automatic descending, the device for arranging the motor or realizing automatic descending is reduced, the space occupation and the economic cost are reduced, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the effect is good.
For example, the cooling bed of the 18-stand hot continuous rolling line is rectangular as a whole, and has a length of 120m and a width of 12m, wherein 10 heat-insulating covers are respectively arranged on each side of the cooling bed in the width direction, and the number of the two sides is 20.
(1) The heat preservation covers are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the rectangular cooling bed in the width direction, the longest horizontal projection of a single heat preservation cover 6 is a rectangle with the length of more than 12m (the length of the single heat preservation cover before projection is 14m-20m, such as 15m), and the width can be adjusted between 4m and 6 m; the heat preservation cover is a rectangular flat plate with a two-layer structure, and the two layers are respectively as follows: a lower insulating cover layer (fixed insulating cover 61) and an upper insulating cover layer (sliding insulating cover 63). The bottom of the lower layer of the heat-insulating cover is positioned on two sides of the width direction of the cooling bed, the bottom of the heat-insulating cover is 1.5m higher than the plane of the cooling bed as required, two sides of the upper surface of the lower layer of the heat-insulating cover are provided with a closed track, and the upper layer of the heat-insulating cover slides on the lower layer of the heat-insulating cover through the closed track.
(2) The single-layer heat-insulating cover (the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 and the fixed heat-insulating cover 61) is composed of two parts, wherein the length (before projection) of the fixed heat-insulating cover 61 is 6-8m, the length (before projection) of the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 is 8-12 m, one surface facing the cooling bed is a lower surface, the other surface facing away from the cooling bed is an upper surface, and the upper surface is a structural layer and consists of an edge frame, a middle X-shaped reinforcing rib and a plane plate; the lower surface is the cotton heat preservation of refractory fibre, and thickness 10cm is fixed at the upper surface through the steel band, and the lower surface can play the heat preservation effect and can avoid high temperature to toast again and lead to the ectonexine to warp, has also alleviateed the weight that keeps warm the cover simultaneously.
(3) The sliding heat-insulating cover 63 is positioned above the fixed heat-insulating cover 61, 3 rollers (small wheels) are arranged on the edge of the sliding heat-insulating cover, the sliding rail 62 (closed rail) on the upper surface of the lower layer moves, the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 is driven by a steel wire rope to complete the contraction action through a pulley and a motor, and the cooling bed is covered in different degrees.
(4) The slide rail (closed rail) that supplies slip heat preservation cover 63 to move, for H type rail, the welding is on fixed heat preservation cover 61, length 6m to follow fixed heat preservation cover 61 along stretching to cold bed central line 15, there is semi-enclosed safety device at the both ends of slide rail, prevents to slide heat preservation cover 63 roll-off back tenesmus, and track cross section image is a "C" font, and the wheel of upper limit portion slides in "C" font. The lower layer of the heat-insulating cover is made of a Q235 steel plate, and the upper layer of the heat-insulating cover is made of aluminum alloy.
(5) The sliding heat-insulation cover 63 is driven to move through the pulleys and the motor, so that the temperature drop of the cooling bed can be adjusted by covering the partial regions of the cooling bed in different degrees, and the heat-insulation cover can be in an open state when the cooling bed is overhauled, so that the overhaul is convenient.
(6) When the outside is winter and the temperature is 5 ℃, the sliding heat-insulating covers 63 are adjusted to be in a completely extending state, and the two symmetrical sliding heat-insulating covers 63 are converged in the inclined direction, so that the coverage rate of the cooling bed is 100 percent, and the temperature drop of the steel bars on the cooling bed is reduced. Because the central part of the cooling bed 1 radiates slowly and the two side parts radiate quickly, the sliding heat-insulating cover 63 and the fixed heat-insulating cover 61 are obliquely arranged, so that the central part and the edge of the cooling bed can keep the same temperature. Preferably, the angle of inclination of the sliding heat-preserving cover 63 and the fixed heat-preserving cover 61 is 30 degrees to 45 degrees, especially 40 degrees or 45 degrees, and the effect of keeping the same temperature at the center and the edge of the cooling bed is better. The surface temperature of the steel bar at the fixed length shearing position is 290-330 ℃, the shearing opening is clean after the steel bar is sheared, and an iron matrix of the shearing opening is combined with oxygen in the air to form a layer of blue Fe with the thickness of 2 mu m3O4The oxidation film protects the ends of the steel bars.
Method for cutting blueing by using saw blade
According to the principle of object friction heating, the saw blade is used for cutting the steel bar to be sized, different saw blade shearing speeds are used according to the surface temperature of the steel bar, the shearing surface of the steel bar is heated by utilizing the friction heat between the saw blade and the steel bar during cutting, and the cutting part naturally forms an oxide film with oxygen in the air in the subsequent cooling process. In addition, water mist can be sprayed while the saw blade cuts, so that the cutting opening of the steel bar is in a humid and high-temperature environment, and an oxidation film is formed at an accelerated speed. And hydrogen peroxide water mist can be sprayed while the saw blade cuts, so that the cutting opening of the steel bar is in a humid, high-temperature and oxygen-enriched environment, and an oxidation film is formed at an accelerated speed. The method can accurately control the temperature of the cutting opening of the steel bar to be 300-400 ℃ in an ideal oxide film production interval.
Third, method for forming oxide film by flame cutting and shearing
The method changes the shearing mode of the fixed-length shear into flame cutting, and the cut steel bar can be more compact and thick in an oxide film at the cutting opening after cutting. The method is not affected by the surface temperature and surface oil stain of the steel bar, and the oxidation film is more compact and thick. The specific technical measures comprise:
(1) and a pressing device is added in the front and back of the fixed-length shears to fix the steel bars to be cut on the conveying roller way, so that the steel bars are prevented from shaking during flame cutting.
(2) The shear type equipment at the fixed length shear position is changed into flame cutting type equipment, the flame cutting type equipment is provided with two flame cutting guns which are respectively positioned at two ends of the width direction of the conveying roller way, and the two flame cutting guns are distributed on the same straight line. In order to improve the production efficiency, 2 or more flame cutting guns 84 can be used and arranged above the lower steel roller bed 82. As shown in fig. 5, rails 86 are arranged on both sides of the lower steel roller way 82 (cooling bed), and a flame cutting device (flame cutting gun 84) can move on the rails 86 according to the requirements of steel bar sizing.
(3) When the flame cutting operation is started, the two flame cutting guns move towards the center from the two ends in the width direction of the conveying roller way, when the distance between the two flame cutting guns is 10mm, one flame cutting gun returns to the starting position, and the other flame cutting gun continues to advance to complete the cutting of all the bars 80 and then returns to the starting position.
(4) After the two flame cutting guns finish cutting operation, the oxygen is firstly closed, then the fuel gas is closed, the fuel gas cannot be completely closed in a production state, and a small amount of fuel gas is left to be combusted at the gun head of the flame cutting gun (so that the condition that the fuel gas of the flame cutting gun needs to be ignited again after being completely closed can be avoided).
The method is not affected by the surface temperature and oil stain on the surface of the steel bar, the oxidation film is more compact and thick, and the oxidation film formed by molten metal is formed after the flame cutting gun finishes cutting, so the thickness of the oxidation film layer at the end of the steel bar of the bar can be more than 30 micrometers, such as 30 micrometers and 32 micrometers by using flame cutting.
And fourthly, an electromagnetic induction heating device is additionally arranged on the roller way in front of the finished steel bar collecting rack by using the method for heating the end face of the steel bar to blued, the packed steel bar temporarily stays when conveyed by the roller way to heat the end face of the steel bar, an oxidation film is naturally formed with oxygen in the air in the subsequent cooling process, and water mist or hydrogen peroxide mist can be sprayed during heating to accelerate the formation of the oxidation film. The invention is not influenced by the original surface temperature of the steel bar, the original mechanical shearing mode can be used, and the temperature of the end of the steel bar can be accurately controlled.
By utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle and the current heat effect principle, the packed steel bars are conveyed by the roller way, and the ends of the steel bars are temporarily stopped when passing through the electromagnetic induction heating device, and the electromagnetic induction heating device is opened. Due to the skin effect of alternating current, the current density of the surface of the end of the steel bar is high, the surface temperature can be heated to 900-1000 ℃ within a few seconds, an iron oxide skin layer (the temperature of a cooling bed on the steel bar is 900-1000 ℃) with the same color as that of a steel bar matrix is formed, and the thickness of the iron oxide skin layer is 20-40 mu m. In addition, when the electromagnetic induction heating device is turned on, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide water mist is sprayed to the end of the steel bar only once, the spraying time is 1 second each time, the water spraying amount is 4mL, the end of the steel bar is in a humid, high-temperature and oxygen-rich environment, and an oxide film which has the same color as the steel bar matrix and is 37 microns thick is rapidly formed at 930-960 ℃.
In consideration of production efficiency and cost, the surface temperature of the end of the steel bar is only heated to 330-390 ℃, and an oxide film is naturally formed with oxygen in the air in the subsequent cooling process to form a layer of Fe with the thickness of 2-3 mu m3O4And (5) oxidizing the film. If water mist or hydrogen peroxide mist is sprayed in the air cooling process, the steel bar cutting opening can form an oxidation film of 3-5 microns in a humid and high-temperature environment.
Fifthly, method for heating end face of reinforcing steel bar to blued by using laser on collecting rack
As shown in fig. 6, high-energy laser heating devices 92 (for example, wuhan high-energy laser equipment) are additionally arranged at two ends of the finished steel bar collecting rack 91The six-axis manipulator laser cutting machine of the manufacturing limited company reduces the emission power, increases the hair area, can be used for heating the end of the reinforcing steel bar), heats the end surface of the reinforcing steel bar, is not influenced by the original surface temperature of the reinforcing steel bar, can use the original mechanical shearing mode, can accurately control the temperature of the end of the reinforcing steel bar to be 350-400 ℃, and forms a layer of Fe with the thickness of 2-3 mu m during air cooling3O4The film is oxidized, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced; for example, water mist or hydrogen peroxide mist is sprayed in the air cooling process, so that the cutting opening of the steel bar can form an oxidation film of 3-6 microns in a humid and high-temperature environment.
The specific method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 6, the high-energy laser heating devices are arranged at two ends of the finished steel bar collecting rack, and the laser heating devices 92 at two ends of the finished steel bar collecting rack are arranged in a staggered manner; after a bundle of bars 90 or a plurality of bars enter a finished product collecting rack 91, a first laser heating device 92 emits laser, the end of one side of the finished product collecting rack is heated by being vertical to the shearing end face of the bars, and a first protective plate 93 made of refractory material is arranged behind the end of the unheated side in the laser direct irradiating direction, so that leaked laser is prevented from hurting personnel or damaging equipment; after the end head of one side of the steel bar is heated, the steel bar moves 1m to 1.5m to the nail plate position, and the laser heating device 94 on the other side emits laser, namely the horizontal distance between the laser heating device 92 and the laser heating device 94 is 1m to 1.5 m;
the end of the steel bar on the side which is not heated is heated perpendicular to the shearing end face of the steel bar, a second protection plate 95 made of refractory material is arranged behind the heated end of the steel bar to prevent leaked laser from hurting personnel or damaging equipment, and the horizontal distance between the first protection plate 93 and the second protection plate 95 is 1m to 1.5 m. And (3) detecting the temperature of the end by temperature measuring equipment when the end of the steel bar is heated, so that the temperature of the end of the steel bar is controlled to be 350-400 ℃.
In addition, after the laser heating device starts to work, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide water mist is sprayed to the end of the steel bar only once, the spraying time is 1 second each time, and the water spraying amount is 2 mL. The ends of the steel bars are in a moist, high-temperature and oxygen-rich environment to quickly form a layer of blue Fe with the thickness of 6 mu m3O4The oxidation film protects the ends of the steel bars.
Sixthly, method for heating end face of reinforcing steel bar to blued by using flame on collecting rack
Flame heating devices are arranged at two ends of a finished steel bar collecting rack, the bundled steel bars reach the collecting rack to be heated, the surface temperature of the ends of the steel bars is heated to 310-350 ℃, and a layer of blue Fe with the thickness of 2-3.5 mu m can be formed after air cooling3O4And (5) oxidizing the film. In addition, after the flame heating device is closed, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide water mist is sprayed to the end of the steel bar only once, the spraying time is 1 second each time, and the water spraying amount is 2 mL. The ends of the steel bars are in a moist, high-temperature and oxygen-rich environment to quickly form a layer of blue Fe with the thickness of 5 mu m3O4The oxidation film protects the ends of the steel bars.
The invention can be applied to bars such as straight ribbed steel bars with phi 10-50 mm specifications of HRB400, HRB400E, HRB500E, HRB600, HRBF400E, HRBF500 and HRBF500E, and straight plain steel bars with phi 14-22 mm specifications of steel bars.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In order that the components of the present invention may be combined without conflict, it is intended that all equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A method for generating an oxide film on the end of a bar is characterized by comprising the following steps: blast furnace molten iron smelting, molten iron desulphurization pretreatment, converter molten steel smelting, square billet continuous casting, hot continuous rolling, multi-length shearing segmentation, variable frequency roller bed and apron plate steel feeding, cooling and aligning of a cooling bed, cooling bed steel discharging and steel discharging roller bed conveying to a bar cutting position;
the temperature of the bar at the cutting position of the bar is ensured to be above 250 ℃ through temperature control;
the bar is cut using a bar cutting apparatus.
2. The method for generating the oxide film on the end of the bar material according to claim 1, wherein the bar material cutting equipment is a fixed-length shear, and the temperature of the bar material at the cutting position of the bar material is ensured to be 250-400 ℃ through temperature control; the temperature control includes: increasing the temperature of the upper cooling bed: keeping the temperature of the upper cooling bed of the steel bar at 950-1050 ℃.
3. The method for generating the oxide film on the end of the bar material according to claim 1, wherein the bar material cutting equipment is a fixed-length shear, and the temperature of the bar material at the cutting position of the bar material is ensured to be 250-400 ℃ through temperature control; the temperature control includes: during single-line rolling, a plurality of bars are stored on one tooth of the stepping rack of the cooling bed.
4. The method for forming an oxide film on the end of a bar according to claim 1, wherein the bar cutting equipment is a shear, and the temperature control comprises: set up heat preservation device on the cold bed, heat preservation device includes: a heat preservation cover covering the upper part of the cooling bed.
5. The method for forming an oxide film on a bar end according to claim 4, wherein the heat retaining device is a rotary cold bed heat retaining cover system, and the rotary cold bed heat retaining cover system comprises: a plurality of heat preservation units at the both sides symmetrical arrangement of cold bed width direction, every heat preservation unit includes:
the bottom end of the upright post (5) is supported on the base material; the top end of the upright post (5) is higher than the cooling bed;
the rotating shaft (7) is arranged at the top end of the upright post (5);
the heat-insulating cover (6) is of a plate-shaped structure, and the first end of the heat-insulating cover (6) can be rotatably connected with the rotating shaft (7);
the first end of the steel wire rope (4) is connected with the second end of the heat-insulation cover (6);
and the motor (2) is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope (4).
6. The method for forming an oxide film on a bar end according to claim 4, wherein each of the heat-retaining units further comprises: and the fixed pulley (3) is arranged in a workshop where the cooling bed is located, and the motor (2) is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope (4) through the fixed pulley (3).
7. The method for forming an oxide film on the end of the rod according to claim 4, wherein the heat-insulating device is a telescopic cooling bed heat-insulating cover system, and the telescopic cooling bed heat-insulating cover system comprises: a plurality of heat preservation units at the both sides symmetrical arrangement of cold bed width direction, every heat preservation unit includes:
the bottom end of the upright post (5) is supported on the base material; the top end of the upright post (5) is higher than the cooling bed;
the cover keeps warm, connects stand (5), the cover that keeps warm includes: a plate-shaped fixed heat-insulating cover (61) and a sliding heat-insulating cover (63);
the fixed heat-insulation cover (61) is obliquely arranged, and the first end of the fixed heat-insulation cover (61) is fixedly connected to the top end of the upright post (5);
the sliding rail (62) is arranged on the fixed heat-insulation cover (61) and extends towards the direction far away from the first end of the fixed heat-insulation cover (61);
the sliding heat-preservation cover (63) is arranged on the sliding rail (62) in a sliding way and is positioned on the fixed heat-preservation cover (61);
the first end of the steel wire rope (4) is connected with the sliding heat-preservation cover (63);
and the motor (2) is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope (4).
8. The method for forming an oxide film on the end of a bar according to claim 7, wherein the bottom of the sliding heat-preserving cover (63) is provided with a roller (64), the sliding heat-preserving cover (63) slides in the sliding rail (62) through the roller,
and the sliding rail (62) is also provided with a limiting device for limiting the roller (64).
9. The method for forming an oxide film on the end of a bar according to claim 7, wherein the first end of the fixed heat-insulating cover (61) is a bottom end, the second end of the fixed heat-insulating cover (61) is a top end, and the second end of the fixed heat-insulating cover (61) extends upwards from the first end of the fixed heat-insulating cover (61); the first end of the steel wire rope (4) is connected to the top end of the sliding heat-insulation cover (63), and the upright column (5) is arranged on the first side of the cooling bed;
each heat preservation unit further comprises: the motor (2) is connected with the steel wire rope (4) through the fixed pulley (3), and the motor (2), the fixed pulley (3) and the sliding heat-insulation cover (63) are all positioned on the same side of the upright post (5);
or the motor (2) and the fixed pulley (3) are both far away from the first side (11) of the cooling bed and close to the second side (12) of the cooling bed.
10. The method for forming an oxide film on the end of a bar according to claim 1, wherein the bar cutting device is an electric saw blade, and the method for forming an oxide film on the end of a bar further comprises: the bar material is cut by an electric saw blade to maintain the temperature of the cutting surface of the end of the reinforcing steel bar at 300-400 ℃.
11. The method for forming an oxide film on the end of a bar according to claim 1, wherein the bar cutting equipment is a flame cutting gun, and the method for forming an oxide film on the end of a bar further comprises: and cutting the bar by a flame cutting gun to maintain the temperature of the cutting surface of the end of the reinforcing steel bar to be more than 1500 ℃.
12. The method for forming the oxide film on the end of the bar according to claim 1, wherein the bar cutting equipment is a fixed-length shear, a set of electromagnetic induction heating device is additionally arranged on a roller way in front of a finished steel bar collecting rack, and after the bar is sheared, the surface temperature of the steel bar of the bar is heated to 900-1000 ℃ or 330-390 ℃ by using the electromagnetic induction principle and the current thermal effect principle.
13. The method for forming the oxide film on the end of the steel bar according to claim 1, wherein the steel bar cutting device is a length-fixed shear, and high-energy laser heating devices are respectively added to two ends of the finished steel bar collecting rack to heat the end of the steel bar, so that the end of the steel bar reaches the set temperature of 350-400 ℃.
14. The method for forming an oxide film on an end of a bar according to claim 13, wherein the laser heating devices at both ends of the finished product collecting rack are arranged in a staggered manner; after the reinforcing steel bar enters the finished product collecting rack, the first laser heating device emits laser, the end of one side of the reinforcing steel bar is heated perpendicular to the shearing end face of the reinforcing steel bar, and a first protection plate made of refractory material is arranged behind the end of the unheated side in the direct laser irradiation direction, so that leaked laser is prevented from injuring personnel or damaging equipment; after the heating of reinforcing bar one side end was accomplished, to nail tablet position motion 1 ~ 1.5m back, the laser heating device transmission laser of another side, the reinforcing bar end on one side that is not heated is sheared to the perpendicular to reinforcing bar terminal surface heating, has the second guard plate that a refractory material made behind the reinforcing bar end that has already heated, prevents that the laser of revealing from hurting personnel or damaging equipment.
15. The method for forming an oxide film on the end of a bar according to claim 1, wherein the bar cutting equipment is a shear, and the method for forming an oxide film on the end of a bar further comprises: and (3) heating the end face of the steel bar by using flame on the collecting rack, and heating the surface temperature of the end of the steel bar to 310-350 ℃ by using flame after the bundled steel bar reaches the collecting rack.
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