CN113046578B - Preparation method of low-impurity rare earth feed liquid - Google Patents

Preparation method of low-impurity rare earth feed liquid Download PDF

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CN113046578B
CN113046578B CN202110178949.0A CN202110178949A CN113046578B CN 113046578 B CN113046578 B CN 113046578B CN 202110178949 A CN202110178949 A CN 202110178949A CN 113046578 B CN113046578 B CN 113046578B
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rare earth
feed liquid
aluminum
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CN113046578A (en
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廖春生
刘艳
吴声
王嵩龄
程福祥
常智舵
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China Minmetals Beijing Research Institute Of Re Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/065—Nitric acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/10—Hydrochloric acid, other halogenated acids or salts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rare earth metallurgy, and relates to a preparation method of a low-impurity rare earth feed liquid. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) activation: adding an activator solution into a raw material containing rare earth oxide to carry out activation reaction for enhancing the activity of rare earth elements to prepare activated slurry; (2) dissolving: and mixing the activated slurry with an acid solution, and controlling the pH value to perform a dissolution reaction to obtain the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid. By utilizing the preparation method of the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, the content of common non-rare earth impurities such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and the like in the prepared rare earth feed liquid is lower, and particularly the content of aluminum is lower.

Description

Preparation method of low-impurity rare earth feed liquid
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rare earth metallurgy, and relates to a preparation method of a low-impurity rare earth feed liquid.
Background
Because the rare earth elements have similar chemical properties, the separation is difficult. At present, the industrial production process of rare earth separation mainly adopts solvent extraction, and in the solvent extraction process, rare earth raw materials need to be prepared into rare earth solution through a proper process, which is called rare earth feed liquid, such as rare earth chloride, rare earth sulfate or rare earth nitrate solution.
In general rare earth feed liquid, some high-valence non-rare earth impurities such as iron, aluminum, thorium and the like are often dissolved out along with rare earth. The reaction rate of rare earth oxide with acid is related to the acidity, which is slower at lower acidity. Higher acidity is generally controlled during dissolution for faster dissolution of rare earth. In the process of dissolving the feed liquid, impurities such as aluminum, iron and the like are easy to follow the rare earth when the acidity is higherAnd (4) dissolving out. Taking an acid dissolution workshop of a south mineral separation enterprise to dissolve oxide concentrate of south minerals as an example, the existing acid dissolution process is adopted, high-concentration hydrochloric acid is added into the oxide concentrate, the concentration of rare earth feed liquid obtained by dissolution is 1.57mol/L, and Al serving as an impurity is obtained 2 O 3 3624mg/L，Al 2 O 3 1.37% for/REO; other impurities: fe 2 O 3 25mg/L, U310 mg/L, Th 36mg/L, Cr 0.30 mg/L. The aluminum impurities in the rare earth metal are particularly easy to be enriched in an extracting agent, the extraction and separation processing capacity of the rare earth is influenced, or three-phase substances are generated, and the like, so that the separation process is influenced.
At present, extraction method, oxalic acid precipitation method, complex precipitation method, alkaline method, neutralization precipitation method and other methods are generally adopted to remove impurity aluminum in rare earth feed liquid.
The extraction method mainly utilizes an extractant to carry out extraction separation, for example, naphthenic acid is subjected to multistage saponification, extraction, washing and back extraction to obtain rare earth feed liquid with relatively low aluminum content. For example, chinese patent application publication No. CN 101979680A (published japanese 2011.02.23), entitled "a method for removing aluminum from rare earth feed liquid", discloses the use of naphthenic acid-alcohol-kerosene extraction to remove aluminum, the system is mixed with aluminum-containing feed liquid, and then reacted with alkali liquor to obtain rare earth feed liquid with low aluminum content, the organic phase is regenerated by acid stripping, and the stripping liquid is added with oxalic acid to precipitate and recover rare earth. Also, for example, chinese patent application publication No. CN103194627A entitled "a method for removing aluminum from a rare earth solution" (published japanese 2013.07.10) discloses that a P507-kerosene-hydrochloric acid extraction system is used to perform fractional back extraction during the serial extraction and separation of light rare earth lanthanum cerium/praseodymium neodymium according to the difference in distribution coefficients of praseodymium neodymium and aluminum during the back extraction process, so as to realize the preferential separation of praseodymium neodymium and aluminum. However, the above method has a long process, and often needs to be combined with the use of oxalic acid with a high price, which increases the production cost.
The oxalic acid precipitation method is to remove aluminum in the precipitation process by utilizing the solubility difference of rare earth oxalate and aluminum oxalate. For example, chinese patent application publication No. CN103194627A entitled "a method for removing aluminum from rare earth solution" (published japanese 2013.07.10) discloses separating praseodymium neodymium from aluminum in the obtained strip solution by oxalic acid precipitation. Oxalic acid is precipitatedMost of aluminum remains in the solution through complexing with oxalic acid ions in the process, praseodymium-neodymium reacts with oxalic acid to generate praseodymium-neodymium oxalate precipitate, and the aluminum and praseodymium-neodymium separation is realized through solid-liquid separation. But the process needs to consume a large amount of oxalic acid, so the cost is high; second, oxalate and H in the wastewater + The ion concentration is high, and the ions can be discharged after neutralization; and thirdly, the ammonia nitrogen or Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) seriously exceeds the standard and pollutes the environment.
The complex precipitation method is to use a complex precipitator and coordinate with the adjustment of the pH value of the system, thereby realizing the precipitation of Al, and then remove the Al through solid-liquid separation. For example, the Chinese patent application (published Japanese 2016.06.01) with the publication of CN105624440A, entitled "a method for removing aluminum from rare earth solution by complexing precipitation" discloses that one of hydroxyquinoline or hydroxyquinoline derivatives is used as a complexing precipitator to remove aluminum, the removal rate of aluminum ions reaches more than 90 percent, and the loss rate of rare earth is less than 5 percent. However, the method increases the consumption of hydroxyquinoline as an aluminum remover, and the loss of rare earth in the aluminum removing process is higher, so that the economic loss is higher, and the method is difficult to use in industrial production.
The alkaline method is to add excessive strong alkaline solution into the rare earth solution and remove aluminum through solid-liquid separation. For example, chinese patent application publication No. CN108893606A entitled "method for precipitating, removing impurities, and returning middlings to extract rare earth from ammonium-free rare earth mother liquor" (published japanese 2019.11.08) discloses removing impurities and precipitating with calcium (magnesium) oxide, preferentially coprecipitating aluminum and rare earth, adding sodium hydroxide solution into the obtained coprecipitated solid, and converting aluminum hydroxide into aluminum metaaluminate to be dissolved, thereby obtaining a rare earth solid product. However, the method consumes a large amount of alkaline/strong alkaline substances, increases the production cost, and simultaneously, the aluminum hydroxide can be wrapped by rare earth hydroxide precipitate generated in the reaction process, so that the final separation effect is poor, and the impurity aluminum is difficult to completely remove.
The neutralization precipitation method is to precipitate aluminum in the feed liquid preferentially by utilizing the precipitation difference of aluminum hydroxide and rare earth hydroxide under different pH values, so as to realize the separation of aluminum ions and rare earth ions. However, since the solubility product of the rare earth hydroxide is small, the loss rate of the rare earth is increased by adopting a neutralization method, and meanwhile, the generated aluminum hydroxide colloid precipitate has large volume, high water content and difficult filtration, and the subsequent treatment is very difficult. For example, the Chinese patent application (published Japanese 2017.05.10) with the publication number of CN106636683A and the invention name of 'in-situ leaching and enrichment process of ionic rare earth ore' discloses that lime milk as an impurity remover is introduced into low-concentration mother liquor to remove aluminum impurities, the mother liquor after aluminum removal is introduced into an ion exchange column to absorb and enrich rare earth ions, and then acid is used for desorption to obtain a liquid rare earth product. The main problems of this method are still the incomplete Al removal and the inevitable loss of rare earths.
In summary, the existing aluminum removal process for rare earth feed liquid has the problems of long flow, poor aluminum removal effect, difficult process operation, large acid and alkali consumption, environmental pollution and the like. In general, the aluminum removal from the upstream, i.e., rare earth oxide concentrate, is better, but there is no report on this.
The south ion adsorption ore is an important rare earth resource in China, and is rich in medium and heavy rare earth. South ion adsorption type rare earth ore is generally produced into rare earth oxide concentrate, wherein the mass percent of the rare earth oxide is about 92%, and the mass percent of impurities such as aluminum, iron and the like is 0.5% -10%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, so that the prepared rare earth feed liquid has lower contents of common non-rare earth impurities such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and the like, and especially has lower content of aluminum.
To achieve this object, in a basic embodiment, the present invention provides a method for preparing a low-impurity rare earth feed solution, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) and (3) activation: adding an activating agent solution into a raw material containing rare earth oxide to carry out activation reaction for enhancing the activity of rare earth elements to prepare activated slurry;
(2) dissolving: and mixing the activated slurry with an acid solution, and controlling the pH value to perform a dissolution reaction to obtain the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a preparation method of low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, which comprises an activation process and a dissolution process.
The activation process is that a certain proportion of activating agent is added into the raw material containing rare earth oxide, the two are mixed and reacted for a period of time at a certain temperature, the rare earth oxide in the raw material is activated to prepare the high-activity rare earth slurry, and the activating agent basically has no activation effect on common non-rare earth impurities such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and the like in oxide concentrate.
The dissolving process is to mix the activated slurry with acid liquor with certain concentration, the high-activity rare earth slurry and the acid liquor carry out dissolution reaction for controlling the pH value at a certain temperature, and the dissolution of non-rare earth impurities is reduced, the selective dissolution of rare earth is realized, and the low-impurity feed liquid is prepared because the high-activity rare earth slurry preferentially reacts with the acid and is quickly dissolved.
The rare earth oxide raw material is activated by using an activating agent in the activation process, and the activating agent used in the activation process is MCl (methyl cellulose) x 、M(NO 3 ) x Activators of the type in which x is 1, 2 or 3 and M is H + 、NH 4 + 、Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Fe 3+ 、Al 3+ Or RE 3+ . The activating agent solution can be one or a mixture of more of the above solutions, the total concentration of the activating agent solution is 0.1-2.5mol/L, the molar ratio of the activating agent to the rare earth raw material is 1:10-5:1, the activating reaction temperature is 10-100 ℃, and the activating reaction time is 1-240 h.
In the invention, low-impurity rare earth feed liquid is prepared in the process of controlling pH dissolution, preferably, acid liquid and activated slurry are mixed for dissolution reaction, the added acid liquid is one or a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and the total concentration of acid is 1-10 mol/L; the dissolution reaction temperature is 20-90 ℃; the dissolution reaction time is 1-8 h; controlling the pH range to be 3-5 at the end point of the dissolution reaction.
Finally, the obtained low-impurity feed liquid enters an extraction link to complete the extraction separation of the rare earth elements.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a preparation method of a low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, wherein in the step (1), the raw material containing rare earth oxide is selected from one or more of light rare earth ore, southern ore yttrium-poor, medium yttrium or yttrium-rich rare earth ore and oxide obtained by pretreatment of Sichuan rare earth ore.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method for preparing a low-impurity rare earth feed solution, wherein in the step (1), the activating agent is selected from MCl x And/or M (NO) 3 ) x One or more of the types of activators,
wherein each MCl x Or M (NO) 3 ) x The activator of the type wherein x is independently selected from 1, 2 or 3 and M is independently selected from H + 、NH 4 + 、Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Fe 3+ 、Al 3+ Or RE 3+ 。
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, wherein in the step (1), the total concentration of the activating agent solution is 0.1-2.5 mol/L.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of the activating agent to the rare earth elements in the raw material containing rare earth oxide is 1:10-5: 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a preparation method of low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, wherein in the step (1), the temperature of the activation reaction is 10-100 ℃ and the time is 1-240 h.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, wherein in the step (2), the acid solution is hydrochloric acid and/or nitric acid solution, and the total concentration of acid in the acid solution is 1-10 mol/L.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, wherein in the step (2), the pH value is controlled to be between 3 and 5.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a preparation method of low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the dissolution reaction is 20-90 ℃ and the time is 1-8 h.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a low-impurity rare earth feed liquid, wherein impurities in the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid comprise aluminum, iron, uranium and thorium, wherein the content of the aluminum is 1-200mg/L, the content of the iron is 1-50mg/L, the content of the uranium is 0.01-2mg/L, and the content of the thorium is 0.01-5 mg/L.
The method has the beneficial effects that the content of common non-rare earth impurities such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and the like in the prepared rare earth feed liquid is lower, and especially the content of aluminum is lower by utilizing the preparation method of the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid.
The beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in that:
(1) through activation treatment, the speed of the dissolution reaction is accelerated, the acidity in the dissolution process is reduced, and the generation of acid mist is reduced in the dissolution process;
(2) the dissolution of common non-rare earth impurities such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and the like is effectively inhibited, the low-impurity feed liquid is prepared, the rare earth separation process is facilitated, the extraction separation capacity is improved, and the extraction cost is reduced;
(3) the content of uranium and thorium in the rare earth feed liquid is reduced, and the product radioactivity is reduced.
The method starts from the raw material containing the rare earth oxide, and innovatively introduces an activating agent to activate the raw material containing the rare earth oxide, so that the activity of rare earth elements in the rare earth oxide is enhanced, and the activating agent basically has no activating effect on common non-rare earth impurities such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and the like in the raw material; in the further acid dissolution process of the raw material containing the rare earth oxide, the high-activity rare earth slurry preferentially reacts with acid to be quickly dissolved, so that the dissolution of non-rare earth impurities is reduced, and the selective dissolution of rare earth is realized.
The invention is attached to the current process of the southern ore separation enterprise, the process flow is short, and the aluminum is removed thoroughly; no additional reagent is needed, so that the cost is effectively reduced; the impurity removal effect is obvious, and the subsequent treatment cost is saved.
The method can prepare the rare earth feed liquid with low content of common non-rare earth impurities such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and the like, and is beneficial to the rare earth separation process and the improvement of the product quality. The method realizes the high-efficiency separation of the rare earth and impurities such as aluminum, reduces the production cost of rare earth products, improves the added value of the products, and has important practical significance for fully exerting the advantages of rare earth resources in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
the method comprises the following steps of:
(1) and (3) activation: adding an activator solution into a raw material containing rare earth oxide to carry out activation reaction for enhancing the activity of rare earth elements to prepare activated slurry;
(2) dissolving: and mixing the activated slurry with an acid solution, and controlling the pH value to perform a dissolution reaction to obtain the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid.
Wherein:
the raw material containing rare earth oxide is south-ore yttrium-rich rare earth ore which is taken from a certain south-ore separation plant.
The activator solution is MCl X Solution, M from Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Fe 3+ 、H + Composition, total cation concentration of M is 0.5mol/L, wherein Ca 2+ Ion concentration of 0.05mol/L, Mg 2+ The ion concentration is 0.05mol/L, Fe 3+ Ion concentration of 0.1mol/L, H + The ion concentration was 0.3 mol/L.
Mixing an activating agent with rare earth elements in the raw material containing the rare earth oxide according to a molar ratio of 1:1 for reaction;
the activation reaction temperature is 100 ℃, and the time is 1h, so that the activation is completed;
the acid solution is 10mol/L hydrochloric acid;
the dissolution reaction is to control pH 5 and dissolve for 4h at 90 ℃.
The dissolution speed of the rare earth in the acid dissolution process is obviously accelerated, the dissolution of impurities such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and the like is reduced, and the rare earth feed liquid with low impurity content shown in the table 1 can be prepared.
TABLE 1 concentration of rare earth and impurities in the rare earth feed liquid
Figure BDA0002941580130000071
Example 2:
the method comprises the following steps of:
(1) and (3) activation: adding an activator solution into a raw material containing rare earth oxide to carry out activation reaction for enhancing the activity of rare earth elements to prepare activated slurry;
(2) dissolving: and mixing the activated slurry with an acid solution, and controlling the pH value to perform a dissolution reaction to obtain the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid.
Wherein:
the raw material containing rare earth oxide is yttrium rare earth ore in south ore, and is taken from a south ore separation plant.
The activator solution is MCl X Solution of M with Al 3+ 、Fe 3+ 、RE 3+ Composition, total cation concentration of M is 0.12mol/L, wherein Al 3+ Ion concentration of 0.01mol/L, Fe 3+ Ion concentration of 0.01mol/L, RE 3+ The ion concentration was 0.1 mol/L.
Mixing an activating agent with rare earth elements in the raw material containing the rare earth oxide according to a molar ratio of 1:10 for reaction;
the activation reaction temperature is 10 ℃, and the time is 240 hours, so that the activation is completed;
the acid solution is 3mol/L nitric acid;
the dissolution reaction is to control the pH value to be 4 and dissolve for 6 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃.
The dissolution speed of the rare earth in the acid dissolution process is obviously accelerated, the dissolution of impurities such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and the like is reduced, and the rare earth feed liquid with low impurity content shown in the table 2 can be prepared.
TABLE 2 concentration of rare earth and impurities in the rare earth feed liquid
Figure BDA0002941580130000072
Example 3:
the method comprises the following steps of:
(1) and (3) activation: adding an activating agent solution into a raw material containing rare earth oxide to carry out activation reaction for enhancing the activity of rare earth elements to prepare activated slurry;
(2) dissolving: and mixing the activated slurry with an acid solution, and controlling the pH value to perform a dissolution reaction to obtain the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid.
Wherein:
the raw material containing rare earth oxide is oxide ore of light rare earth enrichment and is taken from a certain south ore separation plant.
The activator solution is MCl x 、M(NO 3 ) x A mixed solution of M consisting of NH 4 + 、RE 3+ Composition, total cation concentration of M is 2.5mol/L, NH 4 + Ion concentration of 0.5mol/L, RE 3+ The ion concentration was 2 mol/L.
Mixing an activating agent with rare earth elements in the raw material containing the rare earth oxide according to a molar ratio of 5:1 for reaction;
the activation reaction temperature is 50 ℃, and the activation reaction time is 24 hours, so that the activation is completed;
the acid solution is 5mol/L hydrochloric acid;
the dissolution reaction is to control the pH value to be 3 and dissolve for 8h at the temperature of 20 ℃.
The dissolution speed of the rare earth in the acid dissolution process is obviously accelerated, the dissolution of impurities such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and the like is reduced, and rare earth feed liquid with low impurity content shown in the table 3 can be prepared.
TABLE 3 concentration of rare earth and impurities in the rare earth feed liquid
Figure BDA0002941580130000081
As is apparent from the results in tables 1-3, the rare earth feed liquid obtained by the treatment method of the present invention has an order of magnitude lower impurity level than the rare earth feed liquid obtained by the existing acid dissolution process, so that the feed liquid does not need to be treated with impurities separately.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations. The foregoing examples or embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms or in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.

Claims (6)

1. The preparation method of the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) and (3) activation: adding an activator solution into a raw material containing rare earth oxide to carry out activation reaction for enhancing the activity of rare earth elements to prepare activated slurry;
(2) dissolving: mixing the activated slurry with an acid solution, controlling the pH value to carry out dissolution reaction to prepare the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid,
wherein:
in the step (1), the activating agent is selected from MCl x And/or M (NO) 3 ) x One or more of the types of activators,
wherein each MCl x Or M (NO) 3 ) x The activator of the type wherein x is independently selected from 1, 2 or 3 and M is independently selected from NH 4 + 、Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ Or RE 3+ ，
In the step (2), the acid solution is hydrochloric acid and/or nitric acid solution, the total concentration of acid in the acid solution is 1-10mol/L,
the impurities in the low-impurity rare earth feed liquid comprise aluminum, iron, uranium and thorium, wherein the content of the aluminum is 1-200mg/L, the content of the iron is 1-50mg/L, the content of the uranium is 0.01-2mg/L, and the content of the thorium is 0.01-5 mg/L.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the total concentration of the activating agent solution is 0.1-2.5 mol/L.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the molar ratio of the activating agent to the rare earth elements in the raw material containing the rare earth oxide is 1:10-5: 1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the temperature of the activation reaction is 10-100 ℃, and the time is 1-240 h.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the pH value is controlled to be 3-5.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the temperature of the dissolution reaction is 20-90 ℃ and the time is 1-8 h.
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