CN113046294B - Method for culturing ginseng stem cells - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing ginseng stem cells, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the adventitious roots of the ginseng by adopting a one-step method; (2) taking the root tip part of the ginseng adventitious root prepared in the step (1), and placing the root tip part in a penetrating agent solution for treatment; (3) placing the ginseng adventitious root tip treated by the penetrant solution in the step (2) into a stem cell induction culture medium for culture, and then transferring the ginseng adventitious root tip into a propagation culture medium for culture to obtain ginseng stem cells; (4) and (4) transferring the ginseng stem cells obtained in the step (3) into a stem cell liquid culture medium, and performing dark culture to obtain the ginseng stem cells. By adopting the liquid culture medium and the culture method, the adventitious roots can be directly generated by the induction of each part of the mature ginseng, the content of ginsenoside in the adventitious roots is improved while the induction steps are simplified and the induction time is shortened, and finally the ginseng stem cells with good indexes are obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant tissue culture, and particularly relates to a method for culturing ginseng stem cells.
Background
Ginseng (Panax ginseng c.a. mey.) is a plant of the genus Panax of the family araliaceae, distributed in china, japan and korea, and its rhizome is a rare Chinese medicinal material, called "king of herbaceous plant". Ginseng is sweet, slightly bitter and slightly warm in taste, has the effects of greatly invigorating primordial qi, recovering pulse, relieving depletion, invigorating spleen, benefiting lung, promoting fluid production, nourishing blood, tranquilizing mind, and improving intelligence, and is mainly used for treating loss of body-shirt, spleen deficiency, anorexia, lung deficiency, cough, body fluid deficiency, thirst, palpitation, insomnia, etc. Ginsenoside is the main active component of ginseng, and has the effects of resisting fatigue, delaying aging, regulating central nervous system, improving immunity, improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular insufficiency, inhibiting tumor cell production, etc. In recent years, ginseng has been widely used in various cosmetics, health products, and drinks, and has a very wide market prospect.
At present, due to excessive mining, environmental damage and the like, wild ginseng resources are almost exhausted, and field cultivation is a main source of ginseng. However, ginseng grows slowly, the planting years are long, the requirements on environmental conditions are strict, the quality of ginseng is easily influenced by climate, cultivation conditions and plant diseases and insect pests, the cultivation technology is complex, and the development prospect of artificial cultivation of ginseng is greatly limited by the problems of pesticide residue exceeding the standard, ginseng land and the like. The ginseng cultivated in the field is difficult to meet the market demand. The tissue culture technology of ginseng has short period, is not limited by seasons, is easy to carry out large-scale industrial production, and has great development prospect.
The existing adventitious roots are generally generated by ginseng callus induction, the callus needs to be induced firstly and then the adventitious roots need to be induced, the required experimental period is long, the operation steps are complex, and the pollution risk is high. In addition, the cultured ginseng also has the problem that the content of ginsenoside is low, so that the clinical application requirement is difficult to meet.
The Chinese patent with the application number of 201410698528.0 discloses a method for inducing the proliferation of adventitious roots of ginseng, which comprises the following steps: cutting tissue culture seedlings of ginseng into tissue small blocks, inoculating the tissue small blocks into a solid induction culture medium to induce and form adventitious roots, cutting the adventitious roots into adventitious root small blocks, and inoculating the tissue small blocks into a liquid multiplication culture medium to carry out multiplication culture of the adventitious roots; wherein the solid induction culture medium and the liquid proliferation culture medium are 1/2MS (-N) culture medium which is used as a basic culture medium and contains indolebutyric acid with the concentration of 1-10 mg/L. In the scheme, the tissue culture seedlings with the age of 28-32 days are cut into small blocks to directly induce adventitious roots, the tissue culture seedlings are tender and have strong differentiation capability, and actually the tissue culture seedlings need to be obtained through seed germination or explant culture, at least 28-32 days are still needed, and callus induction is still needed for the explant culture. Therefore, the cycle is not actually shortened.
Ginseng stem cells are undifferentiated cells having an unlimited division ability, and currently, ginseng-related pharmaceutically active ingredients can be produced by isolating and culturing ginseng stem cells. In the prior art, differentiated tissue organs are used as explants when ginseng stem cells are separated, and the differentiated tissue organs are induced into callus cells with differentiation capacity through three-dimensional culture (dedifferentiation process). However, the cell is essentially derived from differentiated somatic cells, so that the cell has limited division capability and weak stress resistance. In the industrial production, cell line degeneration is easy to occur, and the division capability is weak. In addition, the culture period is long, and the content of effective components in the obtained stem cells needs to be improved.
The ginseng adventitious root has meristem at the root tip part and strong division capability. Therefore, if a method for obtaining ginseng stem cells from the culture of mature ginseng with shorter time and simpler steps can be explored, and the content of effective components in the ginseng stem cells can be increased, the method is beneficial to clinical application and has wide significance.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for culturing ginseng stem cells. The method for obtaining the ginseng stem cells from the mature ginseng by culture has the advantages of shorter required time and simpler steps, and particularly selects a specific liquid culture medium to culture expanded adventitious roots in the process of preparing the adventitious roots by a one-step method, then places the obtained adventitious roots in an osmotic pressure environment, and matches with a stem cell induction culture medium and a stem cell expansion culture medium with proper component proportion, so that the ginseng stem cells can be obtained, the steps are simpler, and the content of various ginsenosides in the obtained stem cells is high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a method for culturing ginseng stem cells, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and disinfecting mature ginseng, slicing, and inoculating the ginseng to an adventitious root induction culture medium to induce adventitious roots of the ginseng; inoculating the obtained ginseng adventitious root to an adventitious root induction culture medium again for subculture and propagation; then inoculating the ginseng adventitious roots obtained by propagation into a liquid culture medium for culture to obtain the ginseng adventitious roots;
(2) taking the root tip part of the adventitious root of the ginseng prepared in the step (1), and placing the root tip part in a penetrating agent solution for treatment;
(3) placing the ginseng adventitious root tip treated by the penetrant solution in the step (2) into a stem cell induction culture medium for culture, and then transferring the ginseng adventitious root tip into a propagation culture medium for culture to obtain ginseng stem cells;
(4) transferring the ginseng stem cells obtained in the step (3) into a stem cell liquid culture medium, and performing dark culture to obtain the ginseng stem cells;
the liquid culture medium used in the step (1) comprises: 15-50g/L of sucrose, 0.6-2.4g/L of WPM culture medium, 1-2g/L N6 culture medium, 0-225mg/L of citric acid and 0-7mg/L of indolebutyric acid.
In the scheme, the method adopts a one-step method to culture the adventitious roots of the ginseng from the mature ginseng, so that the steps can be saved, and the induction time can be shortened; the root tip part of the ginseng adventitious root has more meristems and strong activity.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: the liquid culture medium in the step (1) also comprises 0-150mg/L ascorbic acid.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: the liquid medium of step (1) comprises: 35-45g/L of sucrose, 1g/L of LN6 culture medium, 0.6-1.2g/L of WPM culture medium, 0-50mg/L of ascorbic acid, 75-225mg/L of citric acid and 1-3mg/L of indolebutyric acid; preferably, the liquid medium in step (1) comprises: 35g/L of sucrose, 1g/L N6 of culture medium, 1.2g/L of WPM culture medium, 50mg/L of ascorbic acid, 225mg/L of citric acid and 3mg/L of indolebutyric acid.
In the scheme, the components of the liquid culture medium after the propagation step are adjusted in the adventitious root induction process of the ginseng slices, wherein the WPM culture medium and the N6 culture medium with higher content are adopted, the content of a nitrogen source in the liquid culture medium is improved, and the content of ammonium nitrogen is higher, so that the dedifferentiation process of the ginseng cells is inhibited to a certain extent, and the tissue after propagation keeps the original functions of the cells at the root under the action of the liquid culture medium and continues to grow. In order to promote the growth of isolated tissues, the liquid culture medium provided by the invention is also added with a citric acid component properly to promote the TCA cycle of cells, and meanwhile, the introduced ascorbic acid can properly reduce the pH of a culture system, so that the adventitious root is biased to absorb a nitrogen source in nitrate nitrogen in a lower pH environment, and the phenomenon of cell poisoning caused by excessive absorption of ammonium nitrogen is avoided; citric acid may also be used to adjust the pH to facilitate the process. In conclusion, the adventitious root liquid culture medium provided by the invention adjusts the absorption balance of the adventitious root on nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen through pH, and simultaneously introduces citric acid to promote TCA cycle of adventitious root cells under the action of inhibiting dedifferentiation by ammonium nitrogen, so that the whole preparation process can directly generate adventitious roots without forming callus, and meanwhile, the growth multiple of the adventitious roots can be greatly improved.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (2), the apical part of the adventitious root of the ginseng is taken and placed in a penetrant solution for low-temperature treatment for 1-10 hours; preferably, the low temperature is 1-6 ℃, preferably 4 ℃; preferably, the length of the apical part of the adventitious root of ginseng is 0.3mm to 0.8 mm.
In the scheme, after the root tip of the adventitious root of the ginseng is treated by the penetrant solution, non-stem cells in the ginseng are not resistant to the death of the hypertonic solution, and only the stem cells can grow; the stem cell growth speed is very fast by matching with a proper stem cell induction culture medium and a stem cell propagation culture medium, and the content of active ingredients in the obtained ginseng stem cells is improved.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: the osmotic agent solution is at least one of sucrose solution, potassium chloride solution and mannitol solution; preferably, the osmotic agent solution is a sucrose solution with the concentration of 1 mol/L.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (3), the stem cell induction culture medium comprises 0.6-1mg/L kinetin, 2-4mg/L indoleacetic acid, 0.5-1.5mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 25-100mg/L ascorbic acid, 50-150mg/L citric acid, 20-60g/L sucrose, 1-6g/L plant gel, 1-2.4 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 0.6-1.4g/L WPM culture medium; preferably, the stem cell induction medium comprises 1mg/L kinetin, 2.5mg/L indoleacetic acid, 1mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 75mg/L ascorbic acid, 75mg/L citric acid, 30g/L sucrose, 3g/L plant gel, 1.8 g/L1/2 MS medium and 0.8g/L WPM medium.
In the scheme, the stem cell induction culture medium provided by the invention contains indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid and kinetin, can guide the stem cells affected by a penetrant to quickly recover to grow, and meanwhile, the ascorbic acid and the citric acid can also generate a synergistic antioxidation effect to timely remove free radicals which are not beneficial to the growth of the stem cells. The components in the induction culture medium have synergistic effect, and can promote the rapid growth of stem cells in the initial stage.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (3), the stem cell propagation medium comprises 2-4mg/L2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1-3mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 0.8-1.2mg/L kinetin, 20-60g/L cane sugar, 3g/L plant gel, 1-2.4 g/L1/2 MS medium and 0.6-1.4g/L WPM medium; preferably, the stem cell propagation medium comprises 3mg/L of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2mg/L of naphthylacetic acid, 1mg/L of kinetin, 35g/L of cane sugar, 3g/L of plant gel, 1.8g/L of 1/2MS medium and 0.8g/L of WPM medium.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (4), the stem cell liquid culture medium comprises 2-4mg/L2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1-3mg/L gibberellin, 0.8-1.2mg/L kinetin, 20-60g/L sucrose, 1-2.4 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 0.6-1.4g/L WPM culture medium.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: the pH value of the stem cell induction culture medium, the stem cell expansion culture medium and the stem cell liquid culture medium is 5.6-6.0. The pH of the induction culture medium, the expansion culture medium and the stem cell liquid culture medium is adjusted by using NaOH or KOH.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (3), the ginseng adventitious root tip part treated by the penetrant solution is respectively and sequentially cultured in a stem cell induction culture medium and a stem cell propagation culture medium in a dark place at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ until a large number of cell clusters grow out by inoculating stem cells.
In the scheme, the adventitious roots are generally generated by ginseng callus induction at present, the callus needs to be induced firstly and then the adventitious roots need to be induced, the required experimental period is long, the operation steps are complex, and the pollution risk is high. In addition, in the process of inducing the callus to generate adventitious roots, the metabolism degree of the ginseng tissue is higher, so that the content of the generated saponin is reduced, and the ginseng obtained by callus induction culture is difficult to meet the requirements of clinical application and the like.
In the above scheme, in view of the fact that mature ginseng is long in age, high in maturity and not easy to differentiate, there is no report that adventitious roots can be directly induced from mature ginseng at present. However, the inventors of the present invention have unexpectedly found that the mature ginseng slices can be directly induced to produce adventitious roots on a specific induction medium. Therefore, the intermediate step of callus induction is omitted, the adventitious roots can be directly obtained from the mature ginseng by one-step induction, the induction step is simplified, the induction time is shortened, and the problem of saponin content reduction caused by the metabolic process from generation to differentiation of the callus is also avoided.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (1), the adventitious root induction culture medium comprises 1-6mg/L of naphthylacetic acid, 0.1-0.6mg/L of kinetin, 0.2-1mg/L of gibberellin, 0.075-1.5g/L of citric acid, 0.03-1g/L of ascorbic acid, 20-60g/L of sucrose, 1-6g/L of plant gel, 1-4g/L B5 of culture medium and 1-2.4g/L of WPM culture medium. Preferably, the adventitious root induction medium includes 4mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 0.6mg/L gibberellin, 0.4mg/L kinetin, 0.1g/L citric acid, 0.05g/L ascorbic acid, 30g/L sucrose, 3g/L plant gel, 1.55g/L B5 medium and 1.21g/L WPM medium.
In the scheme, the naphthylacetic acid is a plant growth regulator, the gibberellin is a plant hormone, and the growth of adventitious roots is promoted under the combined action. Kinetin is a cytokinin that promotes cell division. Citric acid and ascorbic acid can generate a synergistic antioxidation effect, prevent the in vitro tissue of the mature ginseng from browning, and are beneficial to directly inducing adventitious roots from the in vitro tissue of the mature ginseng. The components in the induction culture medium have synergistic effect, and the aim of directly inducing each part of the mature ginseng to generate adventitious roots is finally realized without an intermediate step of inducing callus. The induction culture medium under the preferable component proportion has the best induction effect on the mature ginseng to generate the adventitious roots, has a large quantity of the generated adventitious roots and good quality, is beneficial to the next step of propagation expansion, and improves the content of active components in the adventitious roots.
In the present invention, WPM medium, N6 medium, B5 medium, 1/2MS medium and the like are known media in the art.
1/2MS culture medium
Ingredient (mg/L): potassium nitrate 950, ammonium nitrate 825, calcium chloride dihydrate 220, magnesium sulfate 185, monopotassium phosphate 85, manganese sulfate 11.15, zinc sulfate 4.3, boric acid 3.1, potassium iodide 0.415, sodium molybdate 0.125, copper sulfate 0.0125, cobalt chloride 0.0125, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 37.3, ferrous sulfate 27.8, inositol 100, glycine 2, hydrochloric acid 0.5, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.5 and ammonium sulfate hydrochloride 0.1.
B5 Medium
Ingredient (mg/L): potassium nitrate KNO3 2500，MgSO4·7H2O 250，CaCl2·2H2O 150，(NH4)2SO4134，NaH2PO4.H2O 150，KI 0.75，H3BO3 3.0，MnSO4·4H2O 10，ZnSO4·7H2O 2.0，Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.25，CoCl2·6H2O 0.025，CuSO4·5H2O 0.025，Na2-EDTA 37.3，FeSO4·7H2O27.8, inositol 100, nicotinic acid 1.0, pyridoxine hydrochloride 1.0, and ammonium sulfate hydrochloride 10.
Woody Plant Medium (WPM)
Ingredient (mg/L): 400 parts of ammonium nitrate, 556 parts of tetrahydrate calcium nitrate, 990 parts of potassium sulfate, 72 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride, 170 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.25 part of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 180 parts of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 22.4 parts of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 8.6 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.25 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 27.8 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 37.3 parts of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 100 parts of inositol, 11 parts of vitamin B, 0.5 part of nicotinic acid, 60.5 parts of vitamin B, 2 parts of glycine and 5.2 parts of pH.
N6 culture medium
Ingredient (mg/L): potassium nitrate 2800, ammonium sulfate 463, potassium dihydrogen sulfate 400, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 185, calcium chloride dihydrate 165, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 37.3, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 27.8, manganese sulfate hydrate 4.4, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 1.5, boric acid 1.6, potassium iodide 0.8, vitamin B11.0, vitamin B60.5, hydrochloric acid 0.5, glycine 2.0, sucrose 2000, pH 5.8(25 ℃).
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (1), the inoculating the ginseng adventitious roots obtained by propagation to the liquid medium comprises: cutting the ginseng adventitious roots obtained by propagation into small segments, inoculating the small segments into a liquid culture medium, and culturing the small segments on a shaking table at the temperature of 22 +/-1 ℃ and the rotation speed of 110-.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (1), the step of inoculating the ginseng adventitious roots obtained by propagation to a liquid culture medium further comprises: inoculating the adventitious roots cultured on the shaking table for 3-4 weeks into a biological reaction device containing a liquid culture medium, and continuously culturing for 3-4 weeks in a dark place, wherein the ventilation volume of the biological reaction device is 0.01-0.4vvm, and the culture temperature is 22 +/-1 ℃; preferably, the aeration is from 0.15 to 0.25 vvm.
In the scheme, the volume of the sterilized liquid culture medium accounts for 20-80% of the volume of the biological reaction device; the mass of the inoculated adventitious roots accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the volume of the liquid culture medium. The biological reaction device is used for culturing the ginseng adventitious roots and comprises: the tank body is provided with a cover body which can be opened and closed at the top, and an exhaust device is arranged on the cover body or the top of the tank body; at least two air inlet devices are arranged at the bottom of the tank body, and air enters the tank body through the air inlet devices.
In the scheme, the tank body of the biological reaction device is hollow and is used for containing a liquid culture medium. The bioreactor can be made of any material which is suitable for preparing a fermentation tank and can be used for high-temperature sterilization, such as glass, stainless steel, high-temperature resistant plastic and the like; the stainless steel material is optimized, and the device is durable and long in service life. The cover body on the top of the tank body can be opened or closed and is used for adding liquid culture medium inwards, and the cover body is connected with the tank body in a sealing mode after the liquid culture medium is added. The bottom of the tank body is provided with at least two air inlet devices, and sterile air is introduced into the tank body from different positions, so that cultures in the tank can be fully contacted with the air, and the growth is uniform, and the fast growth of adventitious roots is promoted.
The further scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (1), the slices are slices with the width of 0.5-0.7cm, the length of 0.5-0.7cm and the thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm; the ginseng age of the mature ginseng is more than 3 years, preferably, the ginseng age of the mature ginseng is more than 6 years.
As a preferred embodiment, the mature ginseng is a centennial ginseng.
The century ginseng is rare in nature, has high edible and medicinal values, can tonify five internal organs, calm spirit, calm soul, stop palpitation, remove pathogenic qi, improve eyesight, and benefit heart and intelligence; the value of the ginseng planting method is far higher than that of planted ginseng with short age. The invention does not need the intermediate step of inducing callus, can directly obtain the adventitious root by one-step induction from the hundred-year ginseng diced piece, not only can simplify the induction step and shorten the induction time, but also can obtain the specific functional components in the maternal hundred-year old ginseng, thereby obtaining the adventitious root with better nutritive value.
Further, the main root, or the reed head, or the part, or the branch root, or the fibrous root of the mature ginseng are cleaned, disinfected, sliced and inoculated into an induction culture medium to induce the adventitious root of the ginseng.
In the scheme, the saponin content in different parts of the ginseng is different, wherein the root part has the highest content, so the part is preferably sliced to improve the saponin content in the induced adventitious root.
In a further scheme, the ginseng is selected from wild ginseng, transplanted ginseng, ginseng under forest and garden ginseng; preferably, the ginseng is wild ginseng.
After adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the culture method of the ginseng stem cell provided by the invention has the advantages that the ginseng adventitious root prepared by the one-step method is placed in the penetrant solution for low-temperature treatment, so that the cell which is not resistant to the hypertonic solution is dead, only the stem cell grows, and the stem cell is separated and obtained;
2. the culture method of the ginseng adventitious roots provided by the invention realizes the one-step method, and the processed each part of the mature ginseng is inoculated into the induction culture medium to directly induce the ginseng adventitious roots without the intermediate step of inducing callus, so that the induction step can be simplified, the induction time can be shortened, and the pollution risk can be reduced;
3. according to the method for culturing the ginseng stem cells, in the process of culturing the adventitious roots of ginseng by a one-step method, a liquid culture medium with specific components is adopted, the liquid culture medium adjusts the absorption balance of the adventitious roots on nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen through pH, and simultaneously, citric acid is introduced to promote TCA circulation of the adventitious roots under the action of inhibiting dedifferentiation by the ammonium nitrogen, so that generation of dedifferentiation callus is avoided, and the growth multiple of the adventitious roots can be greatly improved while the content of saponin is ensured.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to the right. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of induction of adventitious roots using the induction medium of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of induction of adventitious roots using the induction medium of comparative example 1.
It should be noted that the drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate it by a person skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the preparation of the ginseng adventitious roots by the one-step method and the specific liquid medium culture specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) induction of adventitious roots
Removing rhizoma Phragmitis and parts of wild ginseng of 20 ages, cleaning main root, sterilizing, cutting into slices with width of 0.6cm, length of 0.7cm and thickness of 0.3mm, inoculating into induction culture medium, and performing dark culture at 22 + -1 deg.C for 4-5 weeks to induce adventitious root of wild ginseng; wherein the induction culture medium comprises 4mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 0.6mg/L gibberellin, 0.4mg/L kinetin, 0.1g/L citric acid, 0.05g/L ascorbic acid, 30g/L sucrose, 3g/L plant gel, 1.55g/L B5 culture medium and 1.21g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH value is 5.8.
(2) Subculture of adventitious roots
Inoculating the mountain ginseng adventitious roots obtained in the step (1) into the same induction culture medium as that in the step (1), and carrying out dark culture for 4-5 weeks under the same conditions;
(3) cultivation of adventitious roots
Shearing the mountain ginseng adventitious roots obtained in the step (2) into tissues with the length of about 1cm, inoculating the tissues into a liquid culture medium, and culturing for 3-4 weeks on a shaking table at the temperature of 22 +/-1 ℃ to obtain adventitious roots; wherein the liquid culture medium contains 4mg/L indolebutyric acid, 0.1g/L citric acid, 0.05g/L ascorbic acid, 1/2MS culture medium and 30g/L sucrose, and has pH value of 5.8.
In this example, the adventitious roots produced on the medium by induction in step (1) are shown in FIG. 1, in which A is a photograph of 1 week of culture, B is a photograph of 3 weeks of culture, and C is a photograph of 5 weeks of culture. As can be seen, after 5 weeks, adventitious roots were induced directly on the slices of the mature wild ginseng.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the preparation of the ginseng adventitious roots by the one-step method and the specific liquid medium culture specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) induction of adventitious roots
Cleaning rhizoma Phragmitis of Panax japonicus of 6 ages, sterilizing, cutting into slices with width of 0.5cm, length of 0.6cm and thickness of 0.3mm, inoculating into induction culture medium, and performing dark culture at 22 + -1 deg.C for 4-5 weeks to induce adventitious root; wherein the induction culture medium comprises 6mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 0.2mg/L gibberellin, 0.4mg/L kinetin, 1.2g/L citric acid, 0.1g/L ascorbic acid, 20g/L sucrose, 5g/L plant gel, 4g/L B5 culture medium and 1.8g/L LWPM culture medium, and the pH value is 5.6.
(2) Subculture of adventitious roots
Inoculating the adventitious roots obtained in the step (1) into the same induction culture medium as that in the step (1), and carrying out dark culture for 4-5 weeks under the same conditions;
(3) cultivation of adventitious roots
Shearing the adventitious roots obtained in the step (2) into tissues with the length of about 1cm, inoculating the tissues into a liquid culture medium, and culturing the tissues on a shaker at the temperature of 22 +/-1 ℃ for 3-4 weeks to obtain the adventitious roots; wherein the liquid culture medium contains 4mg/L indolebutyric acid, 0.1g/L citric acid, 0.05g/L ascorbic acid, 1/2MS culture medium and 30g/L sucrose, and has pH value of 5.6.
Similar to the results of example 1, the adventitious roots can be induced by one step in step (1) of this example.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the preparation of the ginseng adventitious roots by the one-step method and the specific liquid medium culture specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) induction of adventitious roots
Cleaning parts of age 10 of ginseng under forest, sterilizing, cutting into slices with width of 0.7cm, length of 0.7cm and thickness of 0.5mm, inoculating into induction culture medium, and dark culturing at 22 + -1 deg.C for 4-5 weeks to induce adventitious roots; wherein the induction culture medium comprises 5mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 1mg/L gibberellin, 0.1mg/L kinetin, 0.75g/L citric acid, 0.03g/L ascorbic acid, 40g/L sucrose, 4g/L plant gel, 2g/L B5 culture medium and 1g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH value is 6.0.
(2) Subculture of adventitious roots
Inoculating the adventitious roots obtained in the step (1) into the same induction culture medium as that in the step (1), and carrying out dark culture for 4-5 weeks under the same conditions;
(3) cultivation of adventitious roots
Shearing the adventitious roots obtained in the step (2) into tissues with the length of about 2cm, inoculating the tissues into a liquid culture medium, and culturing for 3-4 weeks on a shaking table at the temperature of 22 +/-1 ℃ to obtain the adventitious roots; wherein the liquid culture medium contains 4mg/L indolebutyric acid, 0.1g/L citric acid, 0.05g/L ascorbic acid, WPM culture medium and 30g/L sucrose, and has pH of 6.0.
Similar to the results of example 1, the adventitious roots can be induced by one step in step (1) of this example.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the method for preparing the adventitious root of the ginseng by adopting the one-step method and the specific liquid culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) induction of adventitious roots
Cleaning main root of 15-age mountain ginseng, sterilizing, cutting into slices with width of 0.5cm, length of 0.6cm and thickness of 0.4mm, inoculating into induction culture medium, and dark culturing at 22 + -1 deg.C for 4-5 weeks to induce mountain ginseng adventitious root; wherein the induction culture medium comprises 1mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 0.5mg/L gibberellin, 0.6mg/L kinetin, 1.5g/L citric acid, 1g/L ascorbic acid, 50g/L sucrose, 6g/L plant gel, 1g/L B5 culture medium and 2.4g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH value is 5.7.
(2) Subculture of adventitious roots
Inoculating the mountain ginseng adventitious roots obtained in the step (1) into the same induction culture medium as that in the step (1), and carrying out dark culture for 4-5 weeks under the same conditions;
(3) cultivation of adventitious roots
Shearing the mountain ginseng adventitious roots obtained in the step (2) into tissues with the length of about 1cm, inoculating the tissues into a liquid culture medium, and culturing for 3-4 weeks on a shaking table at the temperature of 22 +/-1 ℃ to obtain adventitious roots; wherein the liquid culture medium contains 4mg/L indolebutyric acid, 0.1g/L citric acid, 0.05g/L ascorbic acid, B5 culture medium and 30g/L sucrose, and has pH value of 5.7.
Similar to the results of example 1, in step (1) of this example, adventitious roots can be induced directly by one step.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the preparation of the ginseng adventitious roots by the one-step method and the specific liquid medium culture specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) induction of adventitious roots
Removing rhizoma Phragmitis and parts of wild ginseng, cleaning main root, sterilizing, cutting into slices with width of 0.6cm, length of 0.7cm and thickness of 0.3mm, inoculating into induction culture medium, and dark culturing at 22 + -1 deg.C for 4-5 weeks to induce adventitious root of wild ginseng; wherein the induction culture medium comprises 4mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 0.6mg/L gibberellin, 0.4mg/L kinetin, 0.1g/L citric acid, 0.05g/L ascorbic acid, 30g/L sucrose, 3g/L plant gel, 1.55g/L B5 culture medium and 1.21g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH value is 5.8.
(2) Subculture of adventitious roots
Inoculating the mountain ginseng adventitious roots obtained in the step (1) into the same induction culture medium as the induction culture medium obtained in the step (1), and carrying out dark culture for 4-5 weeks under the same condition;
(3) cultivation of adventitious roots
Shearing the mountain ginseng adventitious roots obtained in the step (2) into tissues with the length of about 1cm, inoculating the tissues into a liquid culture medium, and culturing for 3-4 weeks on a shaking table at the temperature of 22 +/-1 ℃ to obtain adventitious roots; wherein the liquid culture medium contains 4mg/L indolebutyric acid, 0.1g/L citric acid, 0.05g/L ascorbic acid, 1/2MS culture medium and 30g/L sucrose, and has pH value of 5.8.
Similar to the results of example 1, in step (1) of this example, adventitious roots can be induced directly by one step.
Example 6
In this example, the adventitious roots of ginseng were prepared by further combining the bioreactor with the basis of example 1, and the adventitious roots prepared in step (3) of example 1 were further processed as follows:
adding a liquid culture medium into a tank body (the volume is 5L) of a biological reaction device, wherein the volume of the liquid culture medium in the biological reaction device accounts for 70 percent of the volume of the biological reaction device; sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20 min;
the adventitious roots obtained in example 1 were cut into a tissue having a length of about 1cm, and inoculated into a liquid medium in a bioreactor, the mass of the inoculated adventitious roots occupying 1.0% of the volume of the liquid medium; ventilating the biological reaction device, wherein the ventilation rate is 0.15vvm, and culturing in the dark at the temperature of 22 +/-1 ℃ for 3-4 weeks to obtain the adventitious roots.
The liquid medium used in this example was the same as that used in example 1.
Examples 7 to 14
Examples 7 to 14 are based on example 1, wherein the liquid medium in step (3) was replaced with a medium containing 15 to 50g/L sucrose, 0.6 to 2.4g/L WPM medium, 1 to 2g/L N6 medium, 0 to 150mg/L ascorbic acid (Vc), 0 to 225mg/L citric acid, 0 to 7mg/L indolebutyric acid (IBA) and having a pH of 5.8. The specific content ratio of the medium in each example is shown in Table 1.
Example 15
In this example, the cultivation of ginseng stem cells using the ginseng adventitious roots obtained in example 11 specifically includes the following steps:
(1) the ginseng adventitious roots prepared in example 11 were used;
(2) taking the root tip part of 0.5mm ginseng adventitious root, putting the root tip part into a 1mol/L sucrose solution, and taking out the ginseng after 6 hours in a refrigerator at 4 ℃;
(3) placing the treated root tips into a stem cell induction medium comprising: 1mg/L kinetin, 2.5mg/L indoleacetic acid, 1.0mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 75mg/L ascorbic acid, 75mg/L citric acid, 30g/L sucrose, 3g/L plant gel, 1.8 g/L1/2 MS culture medium, 0.8g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH is 5.8; culturing at 22 + -2 deg.C in dark for 25-35 days; then collecting the grown stem cells, transferring the stem cells into a stem cell proliferation culture medium, and continuously culturing for 25-35 days at 22 +/-2 ℃ in a dark place to enable the stem cells to enter a rapid growth period; the stem cell expansion and propagation culture medium comprises 3 mg/L2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 1mg/L kinetin, 35g/L cane sugar, 3g/L plant gel, 1.8 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 0.8g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH value is 5.8;
(4) collecting the stem cells grown in the step (3), transferring the stem cells into a stem cell liquid culture medium, shaking the stem cells at the speed of 120rpm at the temperature of 22 +/-2 ℃, and continuously culturing the stem cells in a dark place for 25-35 days to obtain wild ginseng adventitious root stem cells; the stem cell liquid culture medium comprises 3 mg/L2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2mg/L gibberellin, 1mg/L kinetin, 35g/L cane sugar, 1.8 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 0.8g/L WPM culture medium; the pH was 5.8.
Example 16
In this example, the cultivation of ginseng stem cells using the ginseng adventitious roots obtained in example 12 specifically includes the following steps:
(1) the ginseng adventitious roots prepared in example 12 were used;
(2) taking the apical part of 0.8mm ginseng adventitious root, putting the apical part into 1mol/L mannitol solution, and taking out after 6 hours in a refrigerator at 6 ℃;
(3) placing the treated root tips into a stem cell induction medium comprising: 0.6mg/L kinetin, 2mg/L indoleacetic acid, 0.5mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 100mg/L ascorbic acid, 50mg/L citric acid, 20g/L cane sugar, 6g/L plant gel, 2.4 g/L1/2 MS culture medium, 1.4g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH value is 5.8; culturing at 22 + -2 deg.C in dark for 25-35 days; then collecting the stem cells, transferring the stem cells into a stem cell expansion culture medium, and continuously culturing for 25-35 days at 22 +/-2 ℃ in a dark place to enable the stem cells to enter a rapid growth period; the stem cell expansion culture medium comprises 2 mg/L2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 1.2mg/L kinetin, 60g/L cane sugar, 1g/L plant gel, 1 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 1.4g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH value is 5.8;
(4) collecting the stem cells grown in the step (3), transferring the stem cells into a stem cell liquid culture medium, shaking the stem cells at the temperature of 22 +/-2 ℃ and the rpm of 120, and continuously culturing the stem cells in a dark place for 25-35 days to obtain wild ginseng adventitious root stem cells; the stem cell liquid culture medium comprises 2 mg/L2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3mg/L gibberellin, 1.2mg/L kinetin, 60g/L cane sugar, 1 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 1.4g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH is 5.8.
Example 17
In this example, the cultivation of ginseng stem cells using the ginseng adventitious roots obtained in example 13 specifically includes the following steps:
(1) the ginseng adventitious roots prepared in example 13 were used;
(2) taking the apical part of 0.3mm ginseng adventitious root, putting the apical part into 1mol/L sucrose solution, and taking out after 6 hours in a refrigerator at 1 ℃;
(3) placing the treated root tips into a stem cell induction medium comprising: 1mg/L kinetin, 4mg/L indoleacetic acid, 1.5mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 25mg/L ascorbic acid, 150mg/L citric acid, 60g/L cane sugar, 1g/L plant gel, 1 g/L1/2 MS culture medium, 0.6g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH is 5.8; culturing at 22 + -2 deg.C in dark for 25-35 days; then collecting the stem cells, transferring the stem cells into a stem cell expansion culture medium, and continuously culturing for 25-35 days at 22 +/-2 ℃ in a dark place to enable the stem cells to enter a rapid growth period; the stem cell expansion culture medium comprises 4mg/L2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 0.8mg/L kinetin, 20g/L cane sugar, 6g/L plant gel, 2.4 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 0.6g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH value is 5.8;
(4) collecting the stem cells grown in the step (3), transferring the stem cells into a stem cell liquid culture medium, shaking the stem cells at the temperature of 22 +/-2 ℃ and the rpm of 120, and continuously culturing the stem cells in a dark place for 25-35 days to obtain wild ginseng adventitious root stem cells; the stem cell liquid culture medium comprises 4mg/L2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1mg/L gibberellin, 0.8mg/L kinetin, 20g/L sucrose, 2.4 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 0.6g/L WPM culture medium, and the pH is 5.8.
Example 18
In this example, ginseng stem cells were cultured using the ginseng adventitious roots obtained in example 1, and other embodiments of this example are the same as in example 15.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in the induction medium used and the other steps are carried out with reference to example 1. The induction culture of this comparative example included: 30g/L of sucrose, 0.5mg/L of kinetin, 3mg/L of indolebutyric acid, 1.5mg/L of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1/2MS culture medium, 3g/L of plant gel and pH value of 5.8.
The adventitious roots produced on the medium induced in step (1) of this comparative example are shown in FIG. 2, in which A is a photograph of 1 week of culture, B is a photograph of 3 weeks of culture, and C is a photograph of 5 weeks of culture. As can be seen, after 5 weeks, the culture medium of comparative example 1 failed to induce the generation of adventitious roots directly from the mature wild ginseng slices.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in the induction medium used and the other steps are carried out with reference to example 1. The induction culture of this comparative example included: 30g/L of sucrose, 0.5mg/L of kinetin, 3mg/L of indolebutyric acid, 1/2MS culture medium, 3g/L of plant gel and pH value of 5.8.
As a result, the adventitious roots cannot be induced directly from the mature wild ginseng slice, similarly to the picture display of comparative example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in the induction medium used and the other steps are carried out with reference to example 1. The induction culture of this comparative example included: 30g/L of sucrose, 0.5mg/L of kinetin, 3mg/L of indoleacetic acid, 3g/L of WPM and 3g/L of plant gel, and the pH value is 5.8.
As a result: the whole body turns yellow in the first week, the color deepens in the third week, the middle part begins to turn brown, and the whole body turns brown and is dried up in the fifth week.
Test example 1
In this test example, the fold increase and ginsenoside content of the ginseng adventitious roots obtained in examples 7 to 14 were measured by the following methods:
a method for detecting ginsenoside in adventitious roots of ginseng comprises the following steps:
(1) principle of
The sample is separated by a C18 chromatographic column after pretreatment such as extraction, and is detected by a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector, and the content of each component of the ginsenoside is quantitatively measured by an external standard method.
(2) Reagent
Methanol (CH)4O): chromatographically pure acetonitrile (C)6H11N): pure chromatography
(3) Analytical procedure
Taking about 6g (accurate to 0.01g) of the uniformly mixed sample, grinding the sample in a 150mL mortar, transferring the sample into a 50mL centrifuge tube, adding 10mL of water, uniformly mixing, breaking the wall for 3 minutes by 400W on an ultrasonic cell crusher, and freezing the sample in a refrigerator at the temperature of 18 ℃ below zero for 3 hours. Freeze-drying in a freeze-drying machine for 48 hours until no water drops exist outside the cup body.
The sample was ground in a mortar and 50mg was weighed accurately into a 10ml centrifuge tube, 70% methanol solution was added and vortexed. Sonicate on a sonicator for 10 minutes, repeat twice, filter for use.
(4) Reference conditions of the apparatus
A) A chromatographic column: c18 column with column length of 150mm, column inner diameter of 4.6mm, column packing particle size of 5 μm, or equivalent;
B) mobile phase: a: acetonitrile, b: filtering the water through a 0.45 mu m microporous filter membrane;
C) flow rate: 0.7 mL/min; gradient elution procedure: 0-13 min, 23% -46% of acetonitrile, and the volume flow rate of the acetonitrile is 0.7 mL/min; 13-33 min, 46-68% acetonitrile, and the volume flow rate is 0.7 mL/min; 33-46.5 min, 68-85% acetonitrile, and the volume flow rate is 0.7 mL/min;
D) the column temperature is 30 ℃;
E) the detection wavelength is 203 nm;
F) the injection volume is 10 muL.
(5) Presentation of analytical results
The content of each component of the ginsenoside in the sample is calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula:
x is the content of each component of ginsenoside in the sample, and the unit is milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) or milligram per liter (mg/L);
a1-area of peak of ginsenoside component in sample
A2 peak area of ginsenoside component in standard
Rho-concentration of each component of ginsenoside in standard (ug/ml)
V — final volumetric volume of sample solution in milliliters (mL);
m-sample mass in grams (g);
the content of ginsenoside in the sample is obtained by adding the components.
The content of ginsenoside in the sample is the sum of the components to be detected.
Secondly, the calculation mode of the increase multiple is as follows:
the growth factor is the weight of adventitious roots after the end of growth/the weight of inoculated adventitious root seeds.
The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, in example 8 and example 10, the TCA cycle was not promoted by the introduction of citric acid, but the pH of the system was adjusted mainly by vitamin C, and the growth factor of the adventitious roots was relatively low, whereas in example 8, the WPM medium concentration was high, the ammonium nitrogen content of the introduced system was high, and the carbon source sucrose was high, and thus the growth factor of the adventitious roots was low in example 8 as compared to example 10. Further, in both examples 13 and 14, no vitamin C component was added, whereas in example 14, no growth-promoting indolebutyric acid was added, so that in example 14, there was a greater reduction in the fold growth than in example 13; the lower fold increase of example 13 compared to examples 11 and 12 is due to the insufficient introduction of vitamin C, which affects the uptake of nitrate nitrogen by adventitious roots. In general, the liquid culture medium provided by the invention can maintain the growth multiple of the adventitious root to be more than 3.0 and more than 12.0 in most cases, and the dedifferentiation callus can not appear in the culture process, so that the liquid culture medium has greater improvement compared with the existing culture mode.
In this experimental example, when the liquid culture media prepared in examples 9, 11, and 13 were used, the growth factor in the adventitious roots was relatively high, and the total amount of saponins was high. The group with the advantage of the fold increase can be partially ignored due to the need for subsequent stem cell culture of adventitious roots, whereas examples 11-13 with higher total saponins were used. Among them, the adventitious roots obtained in examples 11 and 12 were the best in terms of the fold increase and saponin content.
Test example 2
In this test example, saponin detection was performed on the wild ginseng adventitious root stem cells obtained in examples 15 to 18 and the wild ginseng slice used in example 1, respectively.
The detection method is as follows:
(1) principle of
The sample is separated by a C18 chromatographic column after pretreatment such as extraction, and is detected by a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector, and the content of each component of the ginsenoside is quantitatively measured by an external standard method.
(2) Reagent
Methanol (CH)4O): chromatographically pure acetonitrile (C)6H11N): pure chromatography
Standard reagents: ginsenoside Re, Rg1, Ra3, Rb1, Rf, Rb2, Rb3, F3, Rg2, Rd, F1
(3) Analytical procedure
Preparing a ginseng stem cell sample:
the samples obtained in examples 15-18 were washed three times with water, ground to a paste in a mortar, broken by ultrasound, lyophilized, and then the samples were porphyrized in a mortar, 50mg were weighed accurately into 10ml centrifuge tubes, 70% methanol solution was added, and vortexed. Sonicate on a sonicator for 10 minutes, repeat twice, filter for use. The latter is the same as the adventitious root detection method.
Preparing a wild ginseng sample:
washing the sliced wild ginseng sample with water for three times, grinding the sliced wild ginseng sample into paste in a mortar, ultrasonically breaking the wall, freeze-drying, grinding the sample on the mortar, accurately weighing 50mg in a 10ml centrifuge tube, adding 70% methanol solution, and vortexing. Sonicate on a sonicator for 10 minutes, repeat twice, filter for use.
Preparing a standard substance:
preparation of stock solution (0.8 mg/ml): respectively weighing 11 kinds of standard substances including 8.00mg of ginsenoside Re, Rg1, Ra3, Rb1, Rf, Rb2, Rb3, F3, Rg2, Rd and F1 in a 10ml volumetric flask, and fixing the volume by using high-grade pure methanol.
Preparation of working solution (32 ug/ml): accurately sucking 1ml of stock solution (0.8mg/ml) into a 25ml volumetric flask, fixing the volume with high-grade pure methanol, and filtering through an organic filter membrane of 0.22um for later use.
(4) Reference conditions of the apparatus
A) And (3) chromatographic column: c18 column with column length of 150mm, column inner diameter of 4.6mm, column packing particle size of 5 μm, or equivalent;
B) mobile phase: a: acetonitrile, b: filtering water with 0.45 μm microporous membrane;
C) flow rate: 0.7 mL/min; gradient elution procedure: 0-13 min, 23% -46% acetonitrile, and the volume flow rate is 0.7 mL/min; 13-33 min, 46-68% acetonitrile, and the volume flow rate is 0.7 mL/min; 33-46.5 min, 68-85% acetonitrile, and the volume flow rate is 0.7 mL/min;
D) column temperature: 30 ℃;
E) detection wavelength: 203 nm;
F) sample injection volume: 10 μ L.
(5) Presentation of analytical results
The content of each component of the ginsenoside in the sample is calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula:
x is the content of each component of ginsenoside in the sample, and the unit is milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) or milligram per liter (mg/L);
a1-area of peak of ginsenoside component in sample
A2-peak area of each component of ginsenoside in standard
Rho-concentration of each component of ginsenoside in standard (ug/ml)
V — final volumetric volume of sample solution in milliliters (mL);
m-sample mass in grams (g);
the content of ginsenoside in the sample is the sum of the components to be detected.
The results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
From the above results, it can be seen that the content of various ginsenosides in the wild ginseng adventitious root stem cells cultured by the invention is increased, and the total content of ginsenosides is also increased, compared with the mature wild ginseng slices. Therefore, the culture method of the ginseng stem cells is simple and convenient in steps, suitable for large-scale production and high in active ingredient content.
In the liquid phase detection, some ginsenosides peaks were relatively close and could not be separated, and therefore some ginsenosides were mixed and calculated in the table.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A method for culturing ginseng stem cells, comprising:
(1) cleaning and disinfecting mature ginseng, slicing, and inoculating the ginseng to an adventitious root induction culture medium to induce adventitious roots of the ginseng; inoculating the obtained ginseng adventitious root to an adventitious root induction culture medium again for subculture and propagation; then inoculating the ginseng adventitious roots obtained by propagation into a liquid culture medium for culture to obtain the ginseng adventitious roots; the adventitious root induction culture medium comprises 1-6mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 0.1-0.6mg/L kinetin, 0.2-1mg/L gibberellin, 0.075-1.5g/L citric acid, 0.03-1g/L ascorbic acid, 20-60g/L cane sugar, 1-6g/L plant gel, 1-4g/L B5 culture medium and 1-2.4g/L WPM culture medium;
(2) taking the root tip part of the adventitious root of the ginseng prepared in the step (1), and placing the root tip part in a penetrating agent solution for treatment;
(3) placing the ginseng adventitious root tip treated by the penetrant solution in the step (2) into a stem cell induction culture medium for culture, and then transferring the ginseng adventitious root tip into a propagation culture medium for culture to obtain ginseng stem cells; the dry cell induction culture medium comprises 0.6-1mg/L kinetin, 2-4mg/L indoleacetic acid, 0.5-1.5mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 25-100mg/L ascorbic acid, 50-150mg/L citric acid, 20-60g/L cane sugar, 1-6g/L plant gel, 1-2.4 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 0.6-1.4g/L WPM culture medium;
the propagation culture medium comprises 2-4mg/L2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1-3mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 0.8-1.2mg/L kinetin, 20-60g/L cane sugar, 3g/L plant gel, 1-2.4 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 0.6-1.4g/L WPM culture medium;
(4) transferring the ginseng stem cells obtained in the step (3) into a stem cell liquid culture medium, and performing dark culture to obtain the ginseng stem cells;
the stem cell liquid culture medium comprises 2-4mg/L2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1-3mg/L gibberellin, 0.8-1.2mg/L kinetin, 20-60g/L cane sugar, 1-2.4 g/L1/2 MS culture medium and 0.6-1.4g/L WPM culture medium;
the liquid culture medium used in the step (1) comprises: 15-50g/L of sucrose, 0.6-2.4g/L of WPM culture medium, 1-2g/L N6 culture medium, 75-225mg/L of citric acid, 1-7mg/L of indolebutyric acid and 50-150mg/L of ascorbic acid.
2. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to claim 1, wherein the liquid medium of step (1) comprises: 35-45g/L of sucrose, 1g/L N6 of culture medium, 0.6-1.2g/L of WPM culture medium, 50mg/L of ascorbic acid, 75-225mg/L of citric acid and 1-3mg/L of indolebutyric acid.
3. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to claim 1, wherein the liquid medium of step (1) comprises: 35g/L of sucrose, 1g/L N6 of culture medium, 1.2g/L of WPM culture medium, 50mg/L of ascorbic acid, 225mg/L of citric acid and 3mg/L of indolebutyric acid.
4. The method for culturing the ginseng stem cells according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, in the step (2), the apical part of the adventitious root of ginseng is taken and put in a penetrant solution to be treated at a low temperature for 1 to 10 hours.
5. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to claim 4, wherein the low temperature is 1-6 ℃.
6. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to claim 5, wherein the low temperature is 4 ℃.
7. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to claim 4, wherein the length of the apical part of the adventitious root of ginseng is 0.3mm to 0.8 mm.
8. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the osmotic agent solution is at least one selected from the group consisting of a sucrose solution, a potassium chloride solution, and a mannitol solution.
9. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to claim 8, wherein the osmotic agent solution is a 1mol/L sucrose solution.
10. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to claim 1, wherein the stem cell induction medium in step (3) comprises 1mg/L kinetin, 2.5mg/L indoleacetic acid, 1mg/L naphthylacetic acid, 75mg/L ascorbic acid, 75mg/L citric acid, 30g/L sucrose, 3g/L plant gel, 1.8 g/L1/2 MS medium, 0.8g/L WPM medium.
11. The method for culturing the ginseng stem cells according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the stem cell expansion medium comprises 3mg/L of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2mg/L of naphthylacetic acid, 1mg/L of kinetin, 35g/L of sucrose, 3g/L of plant gel, 1.8g/L of 1/2MS medium and 0.8g/L of WPM medium.
12. The method for culturing the ginseng stem cells according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the root tip parts of the adventitious roots and the roots treated by the penetrant solution are respectively cultured in the stem cell induction culture medium and the stem cell propagation culture medium in a dark place at 20-25 ℃ until the inoculated stem cells grow a large number of cell masses.
13. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to claim 1, wherein the inoculating of the ginseng adventitious roots obtained by propagation into the liquid medium in step (1) comprises: cutting the ginseng adventitious roots obtained by propagation into small segments, inoculating the small segments into a liquid culture medium, and culturing the small segments on a shaker for 3-4 weeks at 22 +/-1 ℃ and 110-130rpm to obtain the adventitious roots.
14. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to claim 13, wherein the step (1) of inoculating the ginseng adventitious roots obtained by propagation into a liquid medium further comprises: inoculating the adventitious roots cultured on the shaking table for 3-4 weeks into a biological reaction device containing a liquid culture medium, and continuously culturing for 3-4 weeks in a dark place, wherein the ventilation volume of the biological reaction device is 0.01-0.4vvm, and the culture temperature is 22 +/-1 ℃.
15. The method for culturing ginseng stem cells according to claim 14, wherein the ventilation amount is 0.15 to 0.25 vvm.
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