CN113045838A - Composite fluorescent material, preparation method thereof and fluorescent PVC material prepared from composite fluorescent material - Google Patents

Composite fluorescent material, preparation method thereof and fluorescent PVC material prepared from composite fluorescent material Download PDF

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CN113045838A
CN113045838A CN202110119946.XA CN202110119946A CN113045838A CN 113045838 A CN113045838 A CN 113045838A CN 202110119946 A CN202110119946 A CN 202110119946A CN 113045838 A CN113045838 A CN 113045838A
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fluorescent
pvc
fluorescent material
composite
composite fluorescent
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CN113045838B (en
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褚绥红
陈进
胡海金
吕根利
薛晓歌
雷江宏
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Shaanxi Liansu Science & Technology Industrial Co ltd
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Shaanxi Liansu Science & Technology Industrial Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/04Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08L27/06Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1075Partially aromatic polyimides
    • C08G73/1082Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the tetracarboxylic moiety
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7766Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/08Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/14Macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1441Heterocyclic
    • C09K2211/1466Heterocyclic containing nitrogen as the only heteroatom

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite fluorescent material, a preparation method thereof and a prepared fluorescent PVC material. The composite fluorescent material of the invention is prepared by heating and reacting the following components: 0.05-0.6 part of cerium nitrate, lanthanum nitrate, acetic acid, pyromellitic dianhydride, ethylenediamine and manganese sulfate catalyst; the fluorescent PVC material comprises PVC and the composite fluorescent material. The polymer-inorganic composite fluorescent material with the block characteristic is constructed by combining the light-emitting mechanism of the organic fluorescent material and the inorganic fluorescent material, and the polymer-inorganic composite fluorescent material has good compatibility with a PVC matrix due to the existence of the fluorescent polymer chain segment; the rare earth luminescent element is combined with the acidic group reaction of the organic matter, so that the material has better adaptability to the damp and hot environment, is not easy to decompose, and has high fluorescence efficiency. The fluorescent PVC material prepared by the invention has excellent fluorescence efficiency, is resistant to damp and hot environments and still keeps good fluorescence performance in the damp and hot environments.

Description

Composite fluorescent material, preparation method thereof and fluorescent PVC material prepared from composite fluorescent material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fluorescent materials, in particular to a composite fluorescent material, a preparation method thereof and a prepared fluorescent PVC material.
Background
Fluorescent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials generally fall into two broad categories: intrinsic fluorescent PVC material and additive fluorescent PVC material. The intrinsic fluorescent PVC material is prepared by adding a molecular P electron conjugated system, such as compounds containing pi bonds such as aromatic rings, into a PVC matrix and carrying out block polymerization to form a corresponding PVC polymer. The additive fluorescent PVC material is prepared by adding inorganic fluorescent powder into a PVC matrix, wherein the inorganic fluorescent powder is sulfide or sulfate of heavy metal.
Chinese patent application CN108178809A discloses a master batch of indole functionalized polyvinyl chloride, which prepares a modified polyvinyl chloride material with good fluorescence function by carrying out Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction on indole micromolecules with aromaticity. However, the intrinsic fluorescent PVC material has a light-emitting principle that P electrons in a conjugated system are recovered from s2 state to s1 state, so that the fluorescent efficiency is low, and double bonds are easily isomerized during the copolymerization with a polymer, and the fluorescent property is lost.
Chinese patent application CN 109795143 a discloses a color fluorescent light-storing and light-emitting PVC plate, which is made by mixing PVC material with luminescent powder (i.e. inorganic fluorescent powder) and extrusion molding, so that the PVC plate can store light and emit light. However, the inorganic fluorescent powder has poor compatibility with PVC, is not easy to disperse, is unstable in a damp and hot environment, is easy to decompose into acid sulfate, and damages the PVC matrix.
Fluorescent plastic markers used in coastal areas or mine roadway pipes generally require high fluorescence efficiency and have strong resistance to damp-heat environments. Therefore, there is a need to develop a composite fluorescent material with high fluorescence efficiency and stability, and a fluorescent PVC material resistant to a damp-heat environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of poor fluorescence efficiency and poor humidity and heat environment resistance in the prior art, the invention provides a composite fluorescent material which has high and stable fluorescence efficiency.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the composite fluorescent material.
The invention also aims to provide a fluorescent PVC material resistant to damp and hot environments, which comprises PVC and the composite fluorescent material.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the fluorescent PVC material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the composite fluorescent material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
2-10 parts of cerium nitrate,
10-18 parts of lanthanum nitrate,
5-20 parts of acetic acid,
20-60 parts of pyromellitic dianhydride,
20-60 parts of ethylene diamine,
0.05-0.6 part of manganese sulfate catalyst.
The polymer-inorganic composite fluorescent material with the block characteristic is prepared by combining the light-emitting mechanism of the organic fluorescent material and the inorganic fluorescent material. Acetic acid, pyromellitic dianhydride and ethylenediamine are heated under the action of a manganese sulfate catalyst to generate Polyimide (PI), and the PI can effectively improve the stability of PVC, so that chloride ions in PVC are not easy to overflow, and lanthanum ion or cerium ion poisoning is avoided. Although a variety of organic polyacids and polyamines can undergo amidation reactions to form polymers, there are great differences in the properties of the various polymers. The polymer generated by the reaction of pyromellitic anhydride and ethylenediamine has high mechanical property and good compatibility with PVC.
Cerium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate have high-efficient fluorescence efficiency as rare earth metal salt, and lanthanum ions and cerium ions simultaneously react and combine with acid groups in pyromellitic dianhydride in the reaction process, so that the fluorescent substance is more stable and difficult to decompose in a damp and hot environment, the high-efficient fluorescence efficiency is maintained, and the PVC substrate is not damaged.
If only lanthanum nitrate is used as the rare earth metal salt, or the weight of lanthanum nitrate is less than that of cerium nitrate, the composite fluorescent material with good fluorescence efficiency cannot be obtained. The inventor researches and discovers that although lanthanum nitrate and cerium nitrate have certain fluorescence performance, a higher luminous effect can be achieved only when the lanthanum nitrate and the cerium nitrate are compounded and used, and lanthanum nitrate is used as a matrix, and the cerium nitrate is uniformly dispersed in the lanthanum nitrate matrix. If the weight of the cerium nitrate is too much, the cerium nitrate is easy to agglomerate and reduce the light sensitivity, and light particles are easy to absorb or scatter, thereby influencing the luminous efficiency and the fluorescence efficiency.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the cerium nitrate to the lanthanum nitrate is (1-3) to (9-7).
Preferably, the weight ratio of the pyromellitic dianhydride to the ethylenediamine is (2-3) to (3-2)
The inventor researches and discovers that when the weight ratio of cerium nitrate to lanthanum nitrate is (1-3) to (9-7) and the weight ratio of pyromellitic anhydride to ethylenediamine is (2-3) to (3-2), the fluorescence efficiency of the composite fluorescent material is better.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the cerium nitrate to the lanthanum nitrate to the weight ratio of the pyromellitic dianhydride to the ethylene diamine is (1-5) to 10.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite fluorescent material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving cerium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate in an acetic acid solution to obtain a first mixed solution; dissolving pyromellitic dianhydride, ethylenediamine and a manganese sulfate catalyst in a monohydric alcohol solution to obtain a second mixed solution;
s2, uniformly mixing the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution, heating for reaction, and cooling to obtain the composite fluorescent material.
Preferably, the monohydric alcohol solution is a methanol solution, an ethanol solution or a propanol solution.
Preferably, the heating reaction in step S2 is carried out at 100-120 ℃ for 30-90 min.
The invention also discloses a fluorescent PVC material capable of resisting the damp and hot environment, which comprises PVC and the composite fluorescent material.
The polymer-inorganic composite fluorescent material with the block characteristic, which is constructed by the invention, contains a fluorescent polymer chain segment and has good compatibility with a PVC matrix; the rare earth luminescent element synthesized in situ is used as a luminescent center, so that the fluorescent efficiency is high; the rare earth luminescent element is combined with the acidic group reaction of the organic matter, so that the material has better adaptability to the damp and hot environment, is not easy to decompose, and has high fluorescence efficiency. The prepared fluorescent PVC material has excellent fluorescence efficiency, is resistant to damp and hot environments, and still keeps good fluorescence performance in the damp and hot environments.
Preferably, the PVC is powdered PVC.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the PVC in the fluorescent PVC material to the composite fluorescent material is (1-5) to (99-95).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fluorescent PVC material, which comprises the following steps:
and blending the composite fluorescent sample with PVC, and performing extrusion forming to obtain the fluorescent PVC material with the damp-heat resistant environment.
Preferably, the composite fluorescent sample is crushed and then blended with PVC.
The comminution may be carried out using conventional comminution equipment. Optionally, the crushing plant is a jaw crusher or a roll crusher.
The extrusion molding can use extrusion molding equipment commonly used for PVC materials. Optionally, the extrusion molding uses a twin screw extruder.
Preferably, the average particle size of the powder composite fluorescent sample is 30-50 μm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the polymer-inorganic composite fluorescent material with the block characteristic is constructed by combining the light-emitting mechanism of the organic fluorescent material and the inorganic fluorescent material, and the polymer-inorganic composite fluorescent material has good compatibility with a PVC matrix due to the existence of the fluorescent polymer chain segment; the rare earth luminescent element synthesized in situ is used as a luminescent center, so that the fluorescent efficiency is high; the rare earth luminescent element is combined with the acidic group reaction of the organic matter, so that the material has better adaptability to the damp and hot environment, is not easy to decompose, and has high fluorescence efficiency. The fluorescent PVC material prepared by the invention has excellent fluorescence efficiency, is resistant to damp and hot environments and still keeps good fluorescence performance in the damp and hot environments.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
The raw materials in the examples and comparative examples are all commercially available;
reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 provides a fluorescent PVC material, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving 2 parts by weight of cerium nitrate and 18 parts by weight of lanthanum nitrate in 10 parts by weight of acetic acid solution to obtain a first mixed solution;
dissolving 40 parts by weight of pyromellitic anhydride, 60 parts by weight of ethylenediamine and 0.6 part by weight of manganese sulfate catalyst in an ethanol solution to obtain a second mixed solution;
s2, uniformly mixing the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution, wherein the weight sum (W1) of cerium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate in the first mixed solution and the weight sum (W2) of pyromellitic anhydride and ethylenediamine in the second mixed solution meet the following requirements: reacting W1 and W2 at a ratio of 1: 10 at 100 ℃ for 90min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite fluorescent material;
s3, crushing and screening the composite fluorescent material by using a jaw crusher to obtain a powder composite fluorescent sample with the average particle size of 50 microns;
s4, blending the powder composite fluorescent sample and PVC powder according to the weight ratio of 1: 99, and performing extrusion molding by using a double-screw extruder to obtain the fluorescent PVC material.
Example 2
Example 2 provides a fluorescent PVC material, and the preparation method is different from example 1 in that:
in S1, cerium nitrate is 6 parts by weight, and lanthanum nitrate is 14 parts by weight.
Example 3
Example 3 provides a fluorescent PVC material, which is prepared by a method different from example 1:
in the S1, 10 parts by weight of cerium nitrate and 10 parts by weight of lanthanum nitrate are added.
Example 4
Example 4 provides a fluorescent PVC material, which is prepared by a method different from example 1:
in S1, pyromellitic anhydride was 60 parts by weight, and ethylenediamine was 40 parts by weight.
Example 5
Example 5 provides a fluorescent PVC material, which is prepared by a method different from example 1:
20 parts of pyromellitic dianhydride, 30 parts of ethylenediamine and 0.05 part of manganese sulfate catalyst in the S1.
Example 6
Example 6 provides a fluorescent PVC material, which is prepared by a method different from that of example 1:
and (S2) uniformly mixing the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution, and reacting for 30min at 120 ℃.
Example 7
Example 7 provides a fluorescent PVC material, which is prepared by a method different from that of example 1:
the average particle size of the powder composite fluorescent sample in S3 was 30 μm.
Example 8
Example 8 provides a fluorescent PVC material, which is prepared by a method different from example 1:
the weight ratio of the powder composite fluorescent sample to the PVC powder in S4 is 5: 95.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a fluorescent PVC material, and the preparation method is different from example 1 in that:
cerium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate in S1 were replaced with cerium sulfate and lanthanum sulfate, respectively, in equal weight.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 provides a fluorescent PVC material, and the preparation method is different from example 1 in that:
in S1, cerium nitrate is 14 parts by weight, and lanthanum nitrate is 6 parts by weight.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 provides a fluorescent PVC material, which is prepared by a method different from that of example 1:
20 parts by weight of cerium nitrate in S1, and lanthanum nitrate was not contained.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 provides a fluorescent PVC material, which is prepared by a method different from example 1 in that:
in S1, the lanthanum nitrate is 20 parts by weight and does not contain cerium nitrate.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 provides a fluorescent PVC material, which is prepared by a method different from example 1 in that:
the pyromellitic anhydride and the ethylenediamine in S1 were replaced with phthalic anhydride and propylenediamine, respectively, in equal weight.
Performance testing
The performance of the fluorescent PVC material prepared in the above examples and comparative examples was tested, and the specific test method was as follows:
optical properties: and detecting the initial fluorescence efficiency by adopting a fluorescence analysis method and using fluorescence spectrometer equipment, wherein the detection temperature is 25 ℃, the scanning range is 300-500 nm, the spectral absorption peak position is 300-500 nm, and the emission peak position is 400-700 nm.
Moisture and heat resistance: after the fluorescent PVC material is subjected to salt spray test treatment, detecting the fluorescence efficiency again; wherein the salt spray test is carried out under the condition that 5% sodium chloride saline is adopted, the test temperature is 25 ℃, and the time is 96 hours.
The test results of examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results of examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 5
Initial fluorescence efficiency Fluorescence efficiency after salt spray test treatment
Example 1 69% 68%
Example 2 65% 63%
Example 3 63% 62%
Example 4 70% 68%
Example 5 77% 75%
Example 6 73% 73%
Example 7 71% 70%
Example 8 70% 69%
Comparative example 1 28% 23%
Comparative example 2 30% 26%
Comparative example 3 31% 25%
Comparative example 4 30% 25%
Comparative example 5 29% 22%
According to the test results in table 1, the initial fluorescence efficiency of the fluorescent PVC materials prepared in examples 1-8 is greater than or equal to 63%, and some examples can reach more than 70%, and the fluorescence efficiency after the salt spray test treatment is greater than or equal to 60%, and still maintains a high level. The fluorescent PVC material prepared by the invention has excellent fluorescence efficiency, is resistant to damp-heat environment and still keeps good fluorescence performance under the damp-heat environment.
In the comparative example 1, cerium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate are respectively replaced by cerium sulfate and lanthanum sulfate in equal weight, and sulfate ions remained in the fluorescent PVC material damage a PVC matrix, so that the fluorescence efficiency is extremely low. The weight of cerium nitrate in comparative example 2 is larger than that of lanthanum nitrate, lanthanum nitrate is not contained in comparative example 3, and cerium nitrate is not contained in comparative example 4, so that the prepared fluorescent PVC material has difficulty in obtaining good fluorescent efficiency. In comparative example 5, pyromellitic anhydride and ethylenediamine were replaced with phthalic anhydride and propylenediamine respectively in equal weight, and although a polymer could be generated, the compatibility with PVC was not good, and the stability and the moisture and heat resistance of the fluorescent PVC material could not be effectively improved, so that the fluorescent efficiency of the fluorescent PVC material was not high, and the fluorescent efficiency was also greatly reduced in a humid and hot environment.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The composite fluorescent material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
2-10 parts of cerium nitrate, 10-18 parts of lanthanum nitrate, 5-20 parts of acetic acid, 20-60 parts of pyromellitic dianhydride, 20-60 parts of ethylenediamine and 0.05-0.6 part of manganese sulfate catalyst.
2. The composite fluorescent material of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the cerium nitrate to the lanthanum nitrate is (1-3): (9-7).
3. The composite fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of pyromellitic dianhydride to ethylenediamine is (2-3): (3-2).
4. The composite fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the sum of the weights of the cerium nitrate and the lanthanum nitrate to the sum of the weights of the pyromellitic anhydride and the ethylenediamine is (1-5) to 10.
5. The method for preparing the composite fluorescent material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, dissolving cerium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate in an acetic acid solution to obtain a first mixed solution; dissolving pyromellitic dianhydride, ethylenediamine and a manganese sulfate catalyst in a monohydric alcohol solution to obtain a second mixed solution;
s2, uniformly mixing the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution, heating for reaction, and cooling to obtain the composite fluorescent material.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the monohydric alcohol solution is a methanol solution, an ethanol solution, or a propanol solution.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the heating reaction is carried out at 100 to 120 ℃ for 30 to 90 min.
8. A fluorescent PVC material resistant to damp-heat environment, characterized by comprising PVC and the composite fluorescent material according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
9. The fluorescent PVC material of claim 8, wherein the weight ratio of the PVC to the composite fluorescent material is (1-5) to (99-95).
10. The method for preparing fluorescent PVC material according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
and blending the composite fluorescent sample with PVC, and performing extrusion forming to obtain the fluorescent PVC material with the damp-heat resistant environment.
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