CN113045716B - Light-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel driver and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Light-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel driver and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel driver and a preparation method thereof. Since the MXene distribution and the anisotropy of the hydrogel network can be controlled with low electric fields, various bio-excited programmable anisotropic hydrogel actuators were developed through control of ITO electrode patterns, dc electric field direction and mask assisted uv polymerization. The invention provides a new insight for developing programmable and reconfigurable intelligent drivers, and has application prospect in various fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent soft robots, in particular to an optical drive shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel driver and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In living organisms and biological systems, intelligent drives capable of producing forces or motions under external stimuli are ubiquitous. For example, human behavioral actions are usually triggered by neural signals triggering cylindrical musculofibrosis with longitudinal alignment, which in turn contracts to produce mechanical force drives. Many plants (e.g., pine cones) move around in humid environments, primarily by water uptake and dehydration of cells or tissues with anisotropically oriented cellulose fibrils. Therefore, structural anisotropy plays an important role in the generation of forces and mass transport in biological systems. Drawing inspiration from nature, there is a wide effort to develop artificial floppy drives based on various smart inductive soft materials (e.g., liquid crystals, liquid metals, and polymer hydrogels). Among them, the hydrogel actuators have attracted great attention because of their muscular tissue softness and superior biocompatibility, and show good application prospects in various fields such as artificial muscles, soft robots, drug release and tissue scaffold engineering. Generally, the reversible deformation of hydrogel actuators under various external stimuli (e.g., humidity, temperature, light, pH, and magnetic/electric fields, etc.) is related to the volume change caused by water absorption and release. Conventional hydrogel actuators of homogeneous, isotropic microstructure can only produce simple isotropic contraction and expansion under uniform external stimuli. Aiming at the problems, the introduction of the anisotropic nano material, particularly the introduction of the two-dimensional functional nano particles can not only improve the mechanical property of the polymer hydrogel, but also endow the hydrogel driver with new functions. Two-dimensional MXene nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention due to their good hydrophilicity, excellent thermal/electrical conductivity, and high photothermal conversion efficiency characteristics. Several MXene drivers of stimulus response have recently been reported, including electrochemical drivers with MXene as the flexible electrode material, MXene humidity drivers, and leaf-activated MXene multiple response drivers. It is expected that the "combination" of anisotropic MXene and isotropic hydrogel would likely make the bio-excited MXene/hydrogel actuators more functional.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, solve the defects of a hydrogel anisotropy method construction technology, and provide a light-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel driver and a preparation method thereof.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A light-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel driver comprises a monomer and a polymerizable MXene nano monomer which are polymerized to obtain hydrogel, wherein pore change and/or gradient crosslinking density are generated on at least one spatial dimension of the hydrogel.
In the above technical scheme, the monomer is a polymerizable monomer, such as N-isopropyl acrylamide, N' -methyl bisacrylamide.
In the above-described embodiments, the polymerization is initiated by an initiator, which is a photoinitiator, such as 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropenone (Darocur 1173).
In the technical scheme, the polymerizable MXene nano monomer generates a concentration gradient through the action of an electric field on a precursor solution containing the monomer and the polymerizable MXene nano monomer, and the hydrogel generates a gradient crosslinking density after polymerization.
In the above-mentioned embodiment, since MXene is negatively charged, it is aggregated in the positive electrode side in an electric field, and the high concentration of MXene in the positive electrode side causes the hydrogel to have a high crosslinking density, whereas the crosslinking density in the negative electrode side is decreased.
In the technical scheme, the polymerizable MXene nano monomer comprises ultrathin MXene synthesized by hydrofluoric acid etching and tetrapropyl hydroxide (TPAOH) insertion, the MXene is subjected to electrostatic interaction and combination with positively charged hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) is used as a silicon source under the alkaline condition, a mesoporous silicon layer grows in situ on the surface of the MXene on which the CTAC is adsorbed, and MXene @ SiO is formed 2 (ii) a Grafting of 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (TMSPMA) to MXene @ SiO by silanization 2 And obtaining the polymerizable MXene nano monomer on the surface.
When the MXene composite hydrogel driver is prepared, firstly, the monomer, the polymerizable MXene nano monomer or the monomer, the polymerizable MXene nano monomer and the initiator are uniformly dispersed in a reaction atmosphere to form a precursor solution containing the monomer and the polymerizable MXene nano monomer, and then an electric field is used for acting on the precursor solution containing the monomer and the polymerizable MXene nano monomer to enable the polymerizable MXene nano monomer to generate a concentration gradient to initiate polymerization so as to obtain the MXene composite hydrogel driver.
When in preparation, the intensity of the applied direct current electric field is 1 to 3V mm -1 The time for applying the DC electric field voltage is 5-20 min.
When the preparation is carried out, the UV polymerization time in ice bath is 3-10 min.
In the preparation, a glass mold with Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass was selected as a reaction vessel.
When the preparation is carried out, the mass ratio of N-isopropyl acrylamide, N' -methyl bisacrylamide and polymerizable MXene nano-monomers is (200-400): (10-20): (5-15).
According to the technical scheme, a polymerizable MXene nano monomer is prepared, and then the well-designed polymerizable MXene nano monomer and the thermosensitive PNIPAM hydrogel are subjected to in-situ free radical copolymerization through the application of a low direct current electric field, so that a novel photoresponse driver with double gradients of hydrogel pores and MXene content is constructed. And finally, controlling the cross-linking distribution of the hydrogel soft driver by accurately controlling the ITO electrode pattern, the electric field direction and ultraviolet polymerization, thereby controlling the temperature-sensitive bending performance of the hydrogel and preparing the light-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel driver. The invention solves the problem that the conventional hydrogel lacks 'intelligent' response performance and avoids the interface defect of a double-layer hydrogel soft driver.
The invention develops a novel optical drive programmable anisotropic hydrogel driver by copolymerizing a well-designed polymerizable MXene 'nano monomer' and a thermosensitive PNIPAM hydrogel in situ free radical and controlling an ITO electrode pattern, a direct current electric field direction and mask assisted UV polymerization. These MXene-based hydrogel actuators have superior optical-mechanical energy conversion capabilities and are expected to play new roles in the development of unconstrained, programmable and reconfigurable biomimetic soft robots or machines. Compared with other hydrogel actuators, the prepared light-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel actuator has the advantages of simple experimental method, easily-achieved experimental conditions, high deformation rate and various deformation modes, provides new insight for development of programmable and reconfigurable intelligent actuators, and can find different applications in the fields of soft robots, machines and biomedical equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the light-driven MXene composite hydrogel driver prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a driving photograph of a photo-driven MXene composite hydrogel flower driver prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a driving photograph of an intelligent robot arm with light-driven MXene composite hydrogel prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a test of a bending angle in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of different MXene content concentrations on the bending performance of a hydrogel floppy driver in example 4 of the present invention (i.e., time-bending angle graph).
Fig. 6 is a graph of infrared spectrum testing of MXene nano-monomers used in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation of the U-shaped driver in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a photograph showing a deformation of the U-shaped driver in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart of the manufacturing process of the J-type actuator in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a photograph of a deformation of the J-type actuator in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation of the S-type driver in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a photograph of a deformation of the S-shaped driver in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described and illustrated with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Firstly, MXene nano monomer synthesis is carried out
(1) Synthesizing ultrathin MXene:4gTi 3 AlC 2 The powder was immersed in aqueous hydrofluoric acid (60ml, 40%) for 3 days at room temperature. Centrifuging at 4500 rpm, washing with water and ethanol, and drying the obtained precipitate in vacuum drying oven for 12 hr. The dried powder was dispersed in 50ml of tetrapropyl hydroxide solution and stirred at room temperature for 3 days. Centrifugation was carried out by washing with ethanol and water three times to remove residual tetrapropylhydroxide, yielding MXene (Li, ZHenli, et al, "Surface nanopore engineering of 2D MXenes for targeted and synthetic multithermies of acellular carriers." Advanced Materials 30.25 (2018): 1706981).
(2) Synthesis of MXene @ SiO 2 : hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride aqueous solution (10g, 10wt%) and triethanolamine aqueous solution (0.2g, 10wt%) were mixed, stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then MXene aqueous solution (0.5 mg/ml,10 ml) was added dropwise and stirred under the same conditions for 1.5 hours. Finally, 150. Mu.l of tetraethylsilicate was added to the above solution, stirred at 80 ℃ for 1h, and centrifuged to collect the final product (Li, ZHenli, et al. "Surface nanopore engineering of 2D MXenes for targeted and synthetic multithermies of acellular carcima." Advanced) Materials 30.25(2018):1706981)。
(3) Synthesizing MXene nano monomer: collecting MXene @ SiO 2 Dispersing in 80ml ethanol, then dropping 100 μ l3- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxy silane, refluxing at 80 deg.C for 12h, centrifuging and collecting the product. By infrared spectrum test, as shown in figure 6, the nano monomer is 1716cm -1 (-C = O) and 1640cm -1 The characteristic absorption peak at (-C = C-) shows that 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane is in MXene @ SiO 2 The silanization grafting is successful.
Preparation of light-driven MXene composite hydrogel driver by using MXene nano-monomer prepared above
Example 1
The poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution was prepared by mixing 400mg of NIPAm monomer, 20mg of N, N' -methyldiacrylamide, 5. Mu.L of photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanone (Darocur 1173), 10mg of MXene nano monomer and 1mL of deionized water. And then, injecting the poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution into a glass mold (40 mL multiplied by 1 mL), wherein in the structure of the glass mold, ITO transparent electrodes are arranged on the top layer and the bottom layer, and a silica gel pad is arranged in the height direction to insulate the top layer and the bottom layer, namely, the upper ITO glass and the lower ITO glass are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of an external power supply, so that the electric field effect on the poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution in the glass mold is realized. 2V mm is applied between the top layer ITO glass and the bottom layer ITO glass -1 DC electric field for 10min, removing electric field, and ultraviolet irradiating in ice bath (20 mW cm) -2 ) Initiating polymerization for 10min to obtain gradient hydrogel, defined as MX 10 N 1 -E 2 。
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the light-driven MXene composite hydrogel, and it can be seen from the figure that the pores of the hydrogel gradually increase from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. In the poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution, the polymerizable MXene nano-monomers are uniformly dispersed in the solution and do not generate concentration gradient in any direction, and after the polymerizable MXene nano-monomers are subjected to the action of a direct current electric field on the precondition solution, the polymerizable MXene nano-monomers generate gradient concentration, so that the hydrogel generates gradient crosslinking density. Since MXene is negatively charged, it aggregates to the positive electrode side in an electric field, and a high concentration of MXene in the positive electrode side causes a high crosslinking density in the hydrogel, whereas the crosslinking density in the negative electrode side decreases.
Example 2
The poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution was prepared by mixing 400mg of NIPAm monomer, 20mg of N, N' -methyl bisacrylamide, 5. Mu.L of photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl benzophenone (Darocur 1173), 10mg of MXene nano monomer, and 1mL of deionized water. In the reaction vessel in example 1, in the structure of the glass mold, the top layer and the bottom layer are both provided with ITO transparent electrodes, and the silica gel pad is arranged in the height direction to insulate the top layer from the bottom layer, that is, the upper and lower ITO glasses are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the external power supply, so as to realize the electric field effect on the poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution in the glass mold. Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution was injected into an ITO glass and silica gel assembled mold by syringe, applying 2V mm -1 DC electric field for 10min, removing electric field, and ultraviolet irradiating in ice bath (20 mW cm) -2 ) Initiating polymerization, wherein the polymerization time is 10min, immersing the prepared hydrogel into water at room temperature for 24h, and removing unpolymerized monomer molecules. The soaked MXene composite hydrogel material was taken out from water and cut into a flower shape (developed shape) having a diameter of 20 mm. In a water environment at 25 ℃, 808nm near infrared light is irradiated to obtain a closed flower (closed shape) as shown in figure 2, and when the 808nm near infrared light is turned off, the closed flower is unfolded to show an unfolded shape.
Example 3
The poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution was prepared by mixing 400mg of NIPAm monomer, 20mg of N, N' -methyl bisacrylamide, 5. Mu.L of photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl benzophenone (Darocur 1173), 10mg of MXene nano monomer and 1mL of deionized water. By adopting the reaction vessel in the embodiment 1, in the structure of the glass mold, the top layer and the bottom layer are both provided with ITO transparent electrodes, and the silica gel pad is arranged in the height direction to insulate the top layer from the bottom layerNamely, an upper ITO glass and a lower ITO glass are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of an external power supply, so that the electric field effect on a poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution in a glass mold is realized. The poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution was injected into the ITO glass and silica gel assembled mold by syringe, applying 2V mm -1 DC electric field for 10min, removing electric field, and ultraviolet irradiating in ice bath (20 mW cm) -2 ) Initiating polymerization for 10min to obtain the gradient hydrogel. The prepared hydrogel was immersed in water at room temperature for 24h to remove unpolymerized monomer molecules. The soaked MXene composite hydrogel material is taken out of water, cut into a shape of 40mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 1mm, and penetrated through hydrogel by a syringe needle to prepare a four-arm soft holder. As shown in figure 3, the soft clamp can bend and grab 0.4g of small blocks through the irradiation of near infrared light at 808nm, when the near infrared light at 808nm is turned off, the soft clamp can release the small blocks, the mechanical arm can grab heavy objects in water through the bending of light irradiation, then the light heavy objects are turned off and then the heavy objects are released in the water, and the hydrogel soft driver has the potential to become a mechanical arm.
Example 4
The poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution was prepared by mixing 400mg of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) monomer, 20mg of N, N' -methyldiacrylamide (BIS), 5. Mu.L of photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanone (Darocur 1173), various amounts (5, 10, 15 mg) of MXene nanomonomers, and 1mL of deionized water. In the reaction vessel in embodiment 1, in the structure of the glass mold, the top layer and the bottom layer are both provided with ITO transparent electrodes, and the silica gel pad is arranged in the height direction to insulate the top layer and the bottom layer, that is, the upper and lower pieces of ITO glass are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of an external power supply, so as to realize the electric field effect on the poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution in the glass mold. Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution was injected into ITO glass and silica gel assembled molds by syringe, respectively, applying 2V mm -1 DC electric field for 10min, removing electric field, and ultraviolet irradiating in ice bath (20 mW cm) -2 ) Initiating polymerization for 10min, and allowing the hydrogel to polymerize at room temperatureAnd immersing in water for 24h to remove unpolymerized monomer molecules. Nomenclature MX a N 1 -E 2 (a represents different amounts of MXene). The soaked MX is 5 N 1 -E 2 ，MX 10 N 1 -E 2 ，MX 15 N 1 -E 2 The hydrogel soft driver is taken out of water, cut into a shape of 15mm multiplied by 4mm multiplied by 1mm, a video of bending when irradiated by near infrared light with the wavelength of 808nm is shot under the environment of room temperature, then the bending angle at each time is measured through the video (the bending angle test is shown in figure 4), and the time and the bending angle are made into a time-bending angle graph shown in figure 5, namely a graph of the influence of different MXene content concentrations on the bending performance of the hydrogel soft driver. The bending performance of the hydrogel actuator can be influenced by changing the MXene content, and similarly, the bending performance of the hydrogel actuator can be influenced by changing the application time and the application strength of the direct current electric field. When the hydrogel is induced by a direct current electric field, polymerizable MXene generates gradient concentration, and hydrogel generates gradient crosslinking density. As MXene is negatively charged, it aggregates to the positive electrode side in an electric field, and a high concentration of MXene on the positive electrode side causes a high crosslinking density in the hydrogel, whereas the crosslinking density on the negative electrode side decreases. Therefore, upon photothermal heating, the shrinkage of PNIPAM chains in the hydrogel in the vicinity of the negative electrode is large, resulting in bending of the hydrogel as a whole toward the negative electrode. First, temperature-sensitive bending properties are generated with the increase of the concentration of MXene, but when the concentration is further increased, the temperature-sensitive bending properties are reduced because excessive MXene causes high crosslinking density and hinders the movement of polymer chains during phase transition. In the same way, the same bending rule is presented by controlling the strength and time of the direct current electric field.
Example 5
The poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution was prepared by mixing 400mg of NIPAm monomer, 20mg of N, N' -methyl bisacrylamide, 5. Mu.L of photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl benzophenone (Darocur 1173), 10mg of MXene nano monomer, and 1mL of deionized water. Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution was injected into the respective molds by means of syringes, applying 2V mm at the position where the ITO glass is present -1 D, applying a direct current electric field for 10min, removing the electric field,UV irradiation (20 mW cm) in an ice bath -2 ) Initiating polymerization, wherein the polymerization time is 10min, and immersing the prepared hydrogel into water at room temperature for 24h to remove unpolymerized monomer molecules.
In the reaction vessel in embodiment 1, in the structure of the glass mold, the top layer and the bottom layer are both provided with ITO transparent electrodes, and the silica gel pad is arranged in the height direction to insulate the top layer and the bottom layer, that is, the upper and lower pieces of ITO glass are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of an external power supply, so as to realize the electric field effect on the poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) precursor solution in the glass mold. The reaction vessel of example 1 was also modified to allow for the design and preparation of different actuators.
(1) U-shaped driver
As shown in fig. 7, the central positions of the top layer and the bottom layer of the Glass mold are set to be ITO conductive Glass, the rest is Etched ITO Glass (Etched ITO Glass), a silica gel pad is arranged between the top layer and the bottom layer of the Glass mold to integrally form the electrode mold, at this time, a direct current electric field is applied to the central positions of the top layer and the bottom layer set to be ITO conductive Glass, and photo-initiated polymerization is performed immediately after the electric field is applied. Because the ITO glass is only arranged at the central position, the MXene nano monomer generates gradient concentration at the central position corresponding to the electric field. The MXene composite hydrogel material obtained after polymerization is taken out of water and cut into strips of 40mm multiplied by 3mm multiplied by 1 mm. Under the water environment of 25 ℃, the MXene composite hydrogel is bent into a U shape by 808nm near infrared light irradiation, after the irradiation is removed, the shape is recovered, and the irradiation and the removal of the irradiation are carried out repeatedly, so that the MXene composite hydrogel generates reciprocating shape change, as shown in figure 8.
(2) J-shaped driver
As shown in fig. 9, half of the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold are ITO conductive glass and half are etched ITO glass, a silica gel pad is arranged between the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold to integrally form an electrode mold, at this time, a direct current electric field is applied to one side of the top layer and the bottom layer of the uniform ITO conductive glass, and photo-induced polymerization is immediately performed after the electric field is applied. In view of the structure, the MXene nano-monomer generates gradient concentration at a position corresponding to the action of an electric field. The MXene composite hydrogel material obtained after polymerization is taken out of water and cut into strips of 40mm multiplied by 3mm multiplied by 1 mm. Under the water environment of 25 ℃, the MXene composite hydrogel is bent into a J shape by 808nm near infrared light irradiation, after the irradiation is removed, the shape is recovered, and the irradiation and the removal of the irradiation are repeatedly carried out, so that the MXene composite hydrogel generates reciprocating shape change, as shown in figure 10.
(3) S-shaped driver
As shown in the attached figure 11, a small section of etched ITO glass is arranged in the central position of the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold, the rest is ITO conductive glass, and a silica gel pad is arranged between the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold to form the electrode mold integrally. At the moment, a direct current electric field is arranged between the top layer ITO glass and the bottom layer ITO glass on one side for acting, the top layer ITO is connected with the anode, and the bottom layer ITO is connected with the cathode; on the other side, the top layer ITO is connected with the negative electrode, the bottom layer ITO is connected with the positive electrode, and photo-initiated polymerization is carried out immediately after the action of the electric field. In view of this structure, MXene nanomonomers produce opposite gradient concentrations on both sides of the mold-from the top layer to the bottom layer, the concentration gradually increases; on the other side, the concentration gradually decreases from the top layer to the bottom layer. The MXene composite hydrogel material obtained after polymerization is taken out of water and cut into strips of 40mm multiplied by 3mm multiplied by 1 mm. Under the water environment of 25 ℃, the MXene composite hydrogel is bent into an S shape by 808nm near infrared light irradiation, after the irradiation is removed, the shape is recovered, and the irradiation and the removal of the irradiation are repeatedly carried out, so that the MXene composite hydrogel generates reciprocating shape change, as shown in figure 12.
The MXene composite hydrogel driver can be prepared by adjusting the process parameters according to the content of the invention, and tests show that the MXene composite hydrogel driver basically has the performance consistent with the performance of the MXene composite hydrogel driver. The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A light-driven MXene composite hydrogel driver with a programmable shape is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of (1) generating concentration gradient of polymerizable MXene nano monomer by the action of an electric field on a precursor solution containing the monomer and the polymerizable MXene nano monomer, obtaining hydrogel through polymerization, and generating pore change and/or gradient crosslinking density on at least one spatial dimension of the hydrogel;
the preparation method of the polymerizable MXene nano monomer comprises the following steps: ultra-thin MXene synthesized by hydrofluoric acid etching and tetrapropyl hydroxide insertion is electrostatically acted and combined with positively charged hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride CTAC on MXene, and under alkaline condition, tetraethyl silicate is used as silicon source to grow mesoporous silicon layer on the surface of MXene adsorbed with CTAC in situ to form MXene @ SiO 2 (ii) a Grafting of 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane to MXene @ SiO by silylation 2 Obtaining a polymerizable MXene nano monomer on the surface; the monomer is N-isopropyl acrylamide and N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide.
2. The photo-actuated shape programmable MXene composite hydrogel actuator of claim 1 wherein polymerization is initiated by an initiator, the initiator being a photoinitiator.
3. A light driven shape programmable MXene composite hydrogel actuator as claimed in claim 2, wherein the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl phenone.
4. The method for preparing the MXene composite hydrogel actuator with the programmable light-driven shape according to claim 1, wherein the monomer, the polymerizable MXene nano-monomer and the initiator are uniformly dispersed in a reaction atmosphere to form a precursor solution containing the monomer and the polymerizable MXene nano-monomer, and then the precursor solution containing the monomer and the polymerizable MXene nano-monomer is acted by an electric field to generate a concentration gradient of the polymerizable MXene nano-monomer and initiate polymerization to obtain the MXene composite hydrogel actuator.
5. The optically driven shape programmable MXene composite hydrogel driver of claim 4The preparation method is characterized in that the intensity of the applied direct current electric field is 1-3V mm -1 The time for applying the DC electric field voltage is 5-20 min.
6. The method of making a light driven shape programmable MXene composite hydrogel actuator of claim 4 wherein the initiator is a photoinitiator.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl phenone.
8. The method for preparing the optically-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel driver according to claim 4, wherein ultraviolet irradiation is performed in an ice bath to initiate polymerization, and the polymerization time is 3-10 min; the mass ratio of the N-isopropyl acrylamide, the N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and the polymerizable MXene nano monomer is (200-400): (10-20): (5-15).
9. The method of claim 4, wherein a glass mold with ITO glass is selected as the reaction vessel, and the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold are selected from ITO glass.
10. The method for manufacturing the optically-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel actuator according to claim 9, wherein during manufacturing the U-shaped actuator, the center positions of the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold are made of ITO conductive glass, the remaining part of the glass mold is made of etched ITO glass, a silica gel pad is arranged between the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold to integrally form the electrode mold, and then the DC electric field is applied to the center positions of the top layer and the bottom layer of the ITO conductive glass.
11. The method for manufacturing an optically-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel actuator according to claim 9, wherein when manufacturing the J-type actuator, the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold are made of ITO conductive glass and etched ITO glass, a silica gel pad is arranged between the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold to form an electrode mold integrally, and a DC electric field is applied to one side of the ITO conductive glass of the top layer and the ITO conductive glass of the bottom layer.
12. The method for preparing the optically-driven shape-programmable MXene composite hydrogel driver according to claim 9, wherein when preparing the S-shaped driver, a small section of etched ITO glass is arranged at the center of the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold, the rest is ITO conductive glass, and a silica gel pad is arranged between the top layer and the bottom layer of the glass mold to integrally form the electrode mold; a direct current electric field is arranged between the top layer ITO glass and the bottom layer ITO glass on one side for acting, the top layer ITO is connected with the anode, and the bottom layer ITO is connected with the cathode; and on the other side, the top layer ITO is connected with the negative electrode, and the bottom layer ITO is connected with the positive electrode.
13. Use of a light driven shape programmable MXene composite hydrogel actuator of any one of claims 1-3 in the preparation of an intelligent actuator.
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