CN113045618B - Process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelium and preparing microecology - Google Patents
Process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelium and preparing microecology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113045618B CN113045618B CN202110305093.9A CN202110305093A CN113045618B CN 113045618 B CN113045618 B CN 113045618B CN 202110305093 A CN202110305093 A CN 202110305093A CN 113045618 B CN113045618 B CN 113045618B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fine chemical engineering, and provides a process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelium and preparing microecology, which comprises the following steps: s1, saponification; s2, extracting; s3, crystallizing, filtering and collecting crude ergosterol; s4, decoloring and recrystallizing; s5, crystallizing, separating and drying under a dark condition to obtain a white crystal ergosterol product; s6, crushing and packaging; s7, neutralizing the alkaline solution after ergosterol extraction, recovering ethanol by azeotropic distillation, taking the material after solvent recovery as an organic nitrogen source, adding nutrient substances to prepare a culture medium, and preparing the microecology under the action of strains. By the technical scheme, the problems of complex extraction method, high extraction cost, unstable product and environmental pollution of extracted waste liquid in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fine chemical engineering, in particular to a process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelium and preparing microecology.
Background
Ergosterol is an important pharmaceutical chemical raw material, the greatest application is to produce fat-soluble vitamin D2, and the ergosterol can be converted into vitamin D2 through ultraviolet irradiation; ergosterol can also be used for producing steroid hormone medicines such as cortisone, hydrocortisone, etc. The microecology is a beneficial viable bacteria preparation, and can be widely applied to the fields of breeding industry, planting industry, food, environmental protection and the like
At present, two production methods of ergosterol at home and abroad are available, namely a microbial fermentation method and a method for extracting the ergosterol from mycelia, wherein a mycelium extraction method is mainly adopted at home, the mycelium extraction method is a reaction mechanism of extracting the ergosterol by utilizing waste mycelia which are byproducts in microbial fermentation liquor through processes of cell wall breaking, saponification, extraction, crystallization and the like, and because raw materials are complex in composition, different in source, contain various isomers and are low in ergosterol content, the extraction method is complex, the extraction cost is high, and factors such as waste water generated in the extraction process, unstable product quality and the like seriously influence the extraction amount and purity of the ergosterol. Still another great problem is that a large amount of protein in the waste liquid after ergosterol extraction cannot be treated, which causes environmental pollution and even abuse of antibiotics, and this is a technical problem which is difficult to solve in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelium and preparing microecology, which solves the problems of complex extraction method, high extraction cost, unstable product and environmental pollution of extraction waste liquid in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the process of extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermented mycelium and preparing microecology includes the following steps:
s1, saponification: adding ethanol-sodium hydroxide solution into penicillin fermentation mycelium, and stirring to obtain a saponified product;
s2, extraction: adding an extractant into the S1 saponification product under the condition of keeping out of the sun, and extracting to obtain a crude product of S2 ergosterol;
s3, crystallization: concentrating and crystallizing the crude S2 ergosterol product under dark conditions, and filtering and collecting the crude S3 ergosterol product;
s4, decoloring and recrystallizing: adding a decolorizing agent and a recrystallization solvent into the S3 ergosterol crude product under the condition of keeping out of the sun to obtain S4 filtrate;
s5, crystallizing, separating and drying under a dark condition to obtain a white crystal ergosterol product;
s6, crushing and packaging: crushing the ergosterol product under the condition of keeping out of the sun, and carrying out vacuum light-proof packaging and storage at normal temperature;
s7, neutralizing the alkaline solution after ergosterol extraction, recovering ethanol by azeotropic distillation, taking the material after solvent recovery as a nitrogen source, adding nutrient substances to prepare a culture medium, and preparing the microecology under the action of strains.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S1, the water content of the penicillin fermentation mycelium is 70-80%, the ethanol-sodium hydroxide solution accounts for 1-5 times of the weight of the mycelium, the volume ratio of the ethanol to the sodium hydroxide solution is (0.5-3): 1, the weight percentage concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 5% -30%, and the weight percentage concentration of the ethanol is 95%.
According to a further technical scheme, an extracting agent in the step S2 is petroleum ether, the volume ratio of the S1 saponified product to the extracting agent is 1 (10-25), and the extraction is performed by standing for 1-3 hours at normal temperature and pressure.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S3, the concentration and crystallization temperature is controlled to be 20-35 ℃, the time is 4-8 h, and the concentration and crystallization are carried out under the vacuum condition.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S4, the decolorizing agent is activated carbon, the mass ratio of the S3 ergosterol crude product to the decolorizing agent is 1 (0.05-0.1), the decolorizing temperature is controlled at 25-35 ℃, and the time is 1-2 hours.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S4, the recrystallization solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the weight ratio of the S3 ergosterol crude product to the recrystallization solvent is 1 (10-20).
As a further technical scheme, in the step S5, the crystallizing, separating and drying specifically comprises concentrating and crystallizing the decolorized filtrate at 20-35 ℃ under vacuum in the dark, crystallizing for 8-16 hours at 0-10 ℃, filtering, and vacuum drying the obtained product at 20-35 ℃ to obtain a white crystal ergosterol product
As a further technical scheme, the nutrient substances in the step S7 comprise, by mass, 1-1.5 parts of glucose, 0.5-1 part of soft sugar, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1 part of maltodextrin and 5-10 parts of corn steep liquor, and 100 parts of the materials after solvent recovery have a solid content of 15%.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S7, the microecological selected strains include one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus coagulans and clostridium butyricum, and the strains are inoculated into the culture medium according to 1-3%.
The microecological preparation prepared by the process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelium and preparing microecologics is applied to the breeding industry and the planting industry.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the process for extracting the ergosterol from the penicillin fermentation mycelium and preparing the microecology realizes the extraction of the ergosterol at a low temperature in a dark place, and the obtained product is relatively stable, the experimental method is simple, the process is short, and the production cost is low.
2. The method for extracting ergosterol and preparing microecology effectively solves the problem of environmental protection treatment of waste mycelium in the penicillin production process by a fermentation method, avoids environmental pollution, solves the problem of abuse of antibiotics, and provides a new idea for the treatment of waste mycelium. The solid waste problem puzzling antibiotic manufacturers is solved, the ergosterol with high added value in waste mycelia is fully extracted, the protein in the residual waste mycelia is used as a nutrient to prepare the microecology through strain fermentation, the problem of environmental protection is solved, meanwhile, considerable economic benefit can be brought, and after calculation, 5000 yuan of economic benefit can be generated after the ergosterol is extracted from one ton of waste mycelia residues and the microecology is prepared.
3. The invention changes waste into valuable, selects bacillus subtilis as a strain from a plurality of strains, takes mycelium after ergosterol extraction as an organic nitrogen source to assist the microecology prepared from other nutrient substances, has good activity and stable quality, and the prepared microecology is well applied to the fields of planting, breeding and environmental protection.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
S1, putting 1.5 kg of a wet penicillin fermentation mycelium filter cake serving as a raw material into a saponification kettle, adding 70% of water content of the filter cake into 3 kg of ethanol-sodium hydroxide solution (the weight percentage concentration of ethanol used for preparing the alcohol-alkali solution is 95%, the weight percentage concentration of sodium hydroxide is 15%, and the volume ratio of the ethanol to the sodium hydroxide solution is 2:1), controlling the temperature to be 75-80 ℃, saponifying for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature after saponification is finished.
S2, under the condition of keeping out of the sun, adding 45 liters of petroleum ether, extracting for 2 hours at room temperature, standing and layering, and allowing an organic phase to stand for later use; adding 45L petroleum ether into the water phase, extracting for 2 hours at room temperature, standing for layering, and combining organic phases; controlling the temperature at 20-35 ℃, carrying out vacuum concentration crystallization for 8 hours, and filtering and collecting crude ergosterol.
S3, adding activated carbon into the ergosterol crude product, wherein the adding amount of the activated carbon is 1/10 of the weight of the ergosterol crude product, and then adding anhydrous ethanol serving as a recrystallization solvent, wherein the adding amount of the anhydrous ethanol is 10 times of the weight of the ergosterol crude product. Decoloring for 2 hours at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at the temperature of 20-35 ℃ under the vacuum condition, crystallizing for 8 hours at the temperature of 2-5 ℃, filtering and collecting an ergosterol product, and then drying under the vacuum condition at the temperature of 20-35 ℃ to obtain a white crystal ergosterol product. Crushing the product to 70 meshes by using a swing granulator, and carrying out vacuum packaging and storage at normal temperature in a dark place.
S4, the aqueous phase obtained by separation was neutralized with 50% sulfuric acid to PH 7, and the solvent was recovered under low vacuum and used as a source of organic nitrogen source. Sterilizing a fermentation tank for 45-60 minutes by using steam at 120-125 ℃, sterilizing the fermentation tank, adding 100 parts of waste mycelium solution, simultaneously adding 1.5 parts of glucose, 1 part of soft sugar, 5 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 part of maltodextrin and 5 parts of corn steep liquor (containing much phosphorus for energy transfer), and adding 1.2 parts of bacillus subtilis (oblique spores) for inoculation. Introducing air at a ratio of 1:0.5/min (volume ratio) under mechanical stirring, maintaining the culture temperature at 37 +/-2 ℃, fermenting for 24 hours, after the mycelium in a microscopic examination tank is qualified, 340 hundred million viable bacteria/ml, spray drying to obtain viable bacteria (bacillus subtilis), adding a carrier (35 parts of diatomite) to prepare a viable bacteria preparation, and testing to obtain the microbial ecological preparation with a viable bacteria number of 500 hundred million/g.
Example 2
S1, putting 1.5 kg of a wet penicillin fermentation mycelium filter cake serving as a raw material into a saponification kettle, adding 7.5 kg of ethanol-sodium hydroxide solution (the weight percentage concentration of ethanol used for preparing the alcohol-alkali solution is 95%, the weight percentage concentration of sodium hydroxide is 30%, the volume ratio of ethanol to the sodium hydroxide solution is 3:1) into the saponification kettle, controlling the temperature to be 70-75 ℃, saponifying for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature after saponification is finished.
S2, adding 90 liters of petroleum ether under the condition of keeping out of the sun, extracting for 3 hours at room temperature, standing and layering, and allowing an organic phase to stand for later use; adding 90L petroleum ether into the water phase, extracting for 3 hours at room temperature, standing for layering, and combining organic phases; controlling the temperature at 20-35 ℃, carrying out vacuum concentration crystallization for 6 hours, and filtering and collecting crude ergosterol.
S3, adding activated carbon into the ergosterol crude product, wherein the adding amount of the activated carbon is 0.08 weight of the ergosterol crude product, and then adding a recrystallization solvent, namely absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the adding amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 20 times of the weight of the ergosterol crude product. Decolorizing at 25-35 ℃ for 1.5 hours, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 20-35 ℃ under vacuum condition, crystallizing at 5-8 ℃ for 12 hours, filtering to collect ergosterol product, and vacuum drying at 20-35 ℃ to obtain white crystal ergosterol product. Crushing the product to 70 meshes by using a swing granulator, and carrying out vacuum packaging and storage at normal temperature in a dark place.
S4, the aqueous phase obtained by separation was neutralized with 50% sulfuric acid to PH 7, and the solvent was recovered under low vacuum and used as a source of organic nitrogen source. Sterilizing a fermentation tank for 45-60 minutes by using steam at 120-125 ℃, sterilizing the fermentation tank, adding 100 parts of waste mycelium solution, simultaneously adding 1 part of glucose, 1 part of soft sugar, 10 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of maltodextrin and 5 parts of corn steep liquor (containing much phosphorus for energy transfer), and adding 3.5 parts of bacillus coagulans (oblique spores) for inoculation. Introducing air at a ratio of 1:0.5/min (volume ratio) under mechanical stirring, maintaining the culture temperature at 37 +/-2 ℃, fermenting for 24 hours, after the mycelium in a microscopic examination tank is qualified, 340 hundred million viable bacteria/ml, spray drying to obtain viable bacteria (bacillus coagulans), adding a carrier (35 parts of diatomite) to prepare a viable bacteria preparation, and testing to obtain 550 hundred million viable bacteria/g of the microecological preparation.
Example 3
S1, putting 1.5 kg of a wet penicillin fermentation mycelium filter cake serving as a raw material into a saponification kettle, adding 1.5 kg of ethanol-sodium hydroxide solution (the weight percentage concentration of ethanol used for preparing the alcohol-alkali solution is 95%, the weight percentage concentration of sodium hydroxide is 5%, the volume ratio of the ethanol to the sodium hydroxide solution is 2:1) into the saponification kettle, controlling the temperature to be 65-70 ℃, saponifying for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature after saponification is finished.
S2, adding 60 liters of petroleum ether under the condition of keeping out of the sun, extracting for 3 hours at room temperature, standing and layering, and allowing an organic phase to stand for later use; adding 60L petroleum ether into the water phase, extracting for 3 hours at room temperature, standing for layering, and combining organic phases; controlling the temperature at 20-35 ℃, carrying out vacuum concentration crystallization for 8 hours, and filtering and collecting crude ergosterol.
S3, adding activated carbon into the ergosterol crude product, wherein the adding amount of the activated carbon is 0.05 weight of the ergosterol crude product, and then adding anhydrous ethanol serving as a recrystallization solvent, wherein the adding amount of the anhydrous ethanol is 20 times of the weight of the ergosterol crude product. Decoloring for 2 hours at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at the temperature of 20-35 ℃ under the vacuum condition, crystallizing for 16 hours at the temperature of 8-10 ℃, filtering and collecting an ergosterol product, and then drying under the vacuum condition at the temperature of 20-35 ℃ to obtain a white crystal ergosterol product. Crushing the product to 70 meshes by using a swing granulator, and carrying out vacuum packaging and storage at normal temperature in a dark place.
S4, the aqueous phase obtained by separation was neutralized with 50% sulfuric acid to PH 7, and the solvent was recovered under low vacuum and used as a source of organic nitrogen source. Sterilizing a fermentation tank for 45-60 minutes by using steam at 115-120 ℃, sterilizing the fermentation tank, adding 100 parts of waste mycelium solution, simultaneously adding 1.5 parts of glucose, 0.5 part of soft sugar, 8 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 part of maltodextrin and 10 parts of corn paste (containing much phosphorus for energy transfer), and adding 1.5 parts of bacillus licheniformis (oblique spores) for inoculation. Introducing air at a volume ratio of 1:1/min (volume ratio) under mechanical stirring, maintaining the culture temperature at 37 +/-1 ℃, fermenting for 24 hours, after the mycelium in a microscopic examination tank is qualified, spraying and drying to obtain a viable cell (bacillus licheniformis) at a concentration of 310 hundred million viable cells/ml, adding a carrier (35 parts by weight of light calcium carbonate) to prepare a viable cell preparation, and testing to obtain the micro-ecological preparation with a viable cell count of 520 hundred million/g.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelium and preparing microecology, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, saponification: adding ethanol-sodium hydroxide solution into penicillin fermentation mycelium, and stirring to obtain a saponified product;
s2, extraction: adding an extracting agent into the S1 saponification product under the condition of keeping out of the sun, and extracting to obtain a S2 ergosterol crude product;
s3, crystallization: concentrating and crystallizing the S2 ergosterol crude product under the condition of keeping out of the sun, and filtering and collecting the S3 ergosterol crude product;
s4, decoloring and recrystallizing: adding a decoloring agent and a recrystallization solvent into the crude product of the S3 ergosterol under the condition of keeping out of the sun to obtain S4 filtrate;
s5, crystallizing, separating and drying under a dark condition to obtain a white crystal ergosterol product;
s6, crushing and packaging: crushing the ergosterol product under the condition of keeping out of the sun, and carrying out vacuum light-proof packaging and storage at normal temperature;
s7, neutralizing the alkaline solution after ergosterol extraction, recovering ethanol by azeotropic distillation, taking the material after solvent recovery as a nitrogen source, adding nutrient substances to prepare a culture medium, and preparing microecology under the action of strains;
in the step S1, the water content of the penicillin fermentation mycelium is 70-80%, the ethanol-sodium hydroxide solution accounts for 1-5 times of the weight of the mycelium, the volume ratio of the ethanol to the sodium hydroxide solution is (0.5-3): 1, the weight percentage concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 5% -30%, and the weight percentage concentration of the ethanol is 95%;
the nutrient substances in the step S7 comprise, by mass, 1-1.5 parts of glucose, 0.5-1 part of soft sugar, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1 part of maltodextrin and 5-10 parts of corn paste; 100 parts of the material with the solvent recovered, wherein the solid content is 15%;
in the step S7, the microecological selected strains include one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus coagulans and clostridium butyricum, and the strains are inoculated into the culture medium according to 1-3%.
2. The process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelium and preparing microecology according to claim 1, wherein the extracting agent in the step S2 is petroleum ether, the volume ratio of the S1 saponification product to the extracting agent is 1 (10-25), and the extraction is performed by standing for 1-3 h at normal temperature and pressure.
3. The process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelia and preparing microecology according to claim 1, wherein the concentration and crystallization temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃ for 4-8 h in step S3, and the process is performed under vacuum condition.
4. The process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelia and preparing microecology according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the decolorizing agent is activated carbon, the mass ratio of the S3 ergosterol crude product to the decolorizing agent is 1 (0.05-0.1), the decolorizing temperature is controlled at 25-35 ℃, and the time is 1-2 h.
5. The process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelia and preparing microecology according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the recrystallization solvent is absolute ethanol, and the weight ratio of the S3 crude ergosterol to the recrystallization solvent is 1 (10-20).
6. The process for extracting ergosterol from penicillin fermentation mycelium and preparing microecology according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the crystallization separation and drying specifically comprises concentrating and crystallizing the decolorized filtrate at 20-35 ℃ under vacuum condition in the dark condition, crystallizing for 8-16 hours at 0-10 ℃, filtering, and vacuum drying the obtained product at 20-35 ℃ to obtain a white crystal ergosterol product.
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