CN113045227A - Activation calcining method for coal gangue - Google Patents
Activation calcining method for coal gangue Download PDFInfo
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- CN113045227A CN113045227A CN202110404720.4A CN202110404720A CN113045227A CN 113045227 A CN113045227 A CN 113045227A CN 202110404720 A CN202110404720 A CN 202110404720A CN 113045227 A CN113045227 A CN 113045227A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/12—Waste materials; Refuse from quarries, mining or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/04—Heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
- C04B7/38—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches, e.g. mixing with fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coal gangue activation calcining method, which comprises the working procedures of grinding, pelletizing and calcining, wherein coal gangue and calcium-containing substances are ground and refined to obtain a coal gangue mixture, the coal gangue mixture is screened, and the screened coal gangue mixture is taken out; feeding the coal gangue mixture under the screen into a pelletizing forming machine, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and pelletizing to obtain a mixture sphere; pelletizing the coal gangue mixture to facilitate subsequent treatment, wherein in the mixture ball, various raw materials are in full contact with each other, which is beneficial to improving the activation efficiency; and continuously feeding the mixture spheres into a calcining kiln, igniting the mixture spheres, and calcining and activating the mixture spheres at 800-1150 ℃ in an oxidizing environment until the surfaces of the mixture spheres are black and gray. The invention mixes and grinds the coal gangue and the calcium-containing substance, carries out activation and calcination after pelletizing, and generates a substance with gelling activity by the reaction of the coal gangue and the calcium-containing substance, thereby greatly improving the activity of the coal gangue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal gangue activation, in particular to a coal gangue activation calcining method.
Background
The coal gangue is a black and gray rock which has lower carbon content and is harder than coal and is associated with a coal bed in the coal forming process, and is generally generated in the production processes of coal mining, excavation and the like. The coal gangue contains various minerals: kaolinite, quartz, montmorillonite, chlorite, and the like, wherein kaolinite is the main mineral constituent. Because the coal gangue contains a large amount of mineral substances which can be used as resources for development and utilization, the recycling of solid wastes is realized, and the shortage of energy sources is relieved. The existing concept of recycling the coal gangue generally uses the coal gangue as a building material, namely, the coal gangue is doped into cement, so that the performance of the concrete is ensured to be unchanged while the use amount of the cement is reduced, and the coal gangue is activated and applied to a building cementing material, so that the problem of recycling the coal gangue can be solved, good economic benefit can be brought, and the coal gangue is an important direction for comprehensive utilization of the coal gangue. However, the natural coal gangue has low activity, and the strength of concrete is reduced by directly mixing the natural coal gangue with cement, so that the natural coal gangue cannot be directly used.
Because the activity of the coal gangue is low, the first step of recycling the coal gangue is to excite the activity of the coal gangue. The existing methods for improving the activity of the coal gangue mainly comprise thermal activation, mechanical activation, chemical activation and composite activation. Wherein, the mechanical activation means that the coal gangue is refined through mechanical action, the specific surface area of the coal gangue is increased, the contact surface of the coal gangue and other reactants is improved, the reaction rate is improved, and the activity is increased; the chemical method uses an alkaline excitant and a sulfate excitant, and has the action principle that a small amount of excitant is introduced to participate and accelerate the secondary reaction of the coal gangue and the cement hydration product; the compound activation is an activation method combining two or more basic activation modes, such as thermal-chemical and mechanical-chemical, and has the function of making up for deficiencies, so that the activity of the coal gangue is greatly excited. Currently, in the above activation method, thermal activation is suitable for mass production, so that thermal activation is generally used to activate coal gangue. However, the prior thermal activation mode is generally only to put coal gangue into a high-temperature environment, and the activation efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a coal gangue activation calcining method, which comprises the steps of mixing, grinding and pelletizing coal gangue and a calcium-containing substance, then carrying out activation calcining, and reacting the coal gangue with the calcium-containing substance to generate a substance with gelling activity, thereby greatly improving the activity of the coal gangue.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for activating and calcining coal gangue comprises the working procedures of grinding, pelletizing and calcining,
grinding: grinding and refining the coal gangue and the calcium-containing substances to obtain a coal gangue mixture, screening the coal gangue mixture, and taking the screened coal gangue mixture; the coal gangue contains rich alumina and silica, calcium element is added by calcium-containing substances, and in the calcining process, the calcium element reacts with the alumina and the silica respectively to generate active gelled materials such as dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and the like, wherein the calcium-containing substances adopt solid wastes, which is beneficial to recycling of wastes;
pelletizing: feeding the coal gangue mixture under the screen into a pelletizing forming machine, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and pelletizing to obtain a mixture sphere; pelletizing the coal gangue mixture to facilitate subsequent treatment, wherein in the mixture ball, various raw materials are in full contact with each other, which is beneficial to improving the activation efficiency;
and (3) calcining: and continuously feeding the mixture spheres into a calcining kiln, igniting the mixture spheres, and calcining and activating the mixture spheres at 800-1150 ℃ in an oxidizing environment until the surfaces of the mixture spheres are black and gray. During the calcining process, the original crystalline phase of the coal gangue is decomposed and destroyed to generate a large amount of active silica and active alumina, meanwhile, the calcium-containing substances are also converted into active calcium oxide, and the active alumina and silica respectively react with the active calcium oxide to generate the gelling materials of dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate with gelling activity.
In one embodiment, in the calcination process, the mixture spheres are subjected to calcination activation at 900-. The calcining temperature is not suitable to be too high, and the too high temperature can destroy the crystal phase structure of the activated coal gangue.
In one embodiment, the calcareous material is low grade limestone with a calcium oxide content of greater than or equal to 40% during the grinding process.
In one embodiment, in the grinding process, coal gangue, low-grade limestone and other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances are ground and refined to obtain a coal gangue mixture. Other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances play a role in supplementing aluminum elements and silicon elements, and the other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances adopt solid wastes, so that the recycling of wastes is facilitated.
In one embodiment, the other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances are blast furnace slag and siliceous tailings, wherein the content of silicon dioxide in the siliceous tailings is greater than or equal to 70%, and the total mass of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide in the blast furnace slag accounts for more than 90%. The invention adopts siliceous tailings as the supplement of the silicon dioxide raw material, and the blast furnace slag is beneficial to recovering useful metals in the blast furnace slag, but the addition amount of the siliceous tailings and the blast furnace slag cannot be too much, because other impurities in the siliceous tailings can influence the activity of the coal gangue mixed material after activation, the blast furnace slag also contains other unnecessary impurity metal elements, and the activity of the coal gangue mixed material after activation can be influenced by adding too much blast furnace slag. And other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances supplement aluminum elements and silicon elements, wherein the calcium-containing substances and the other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances are solid wastes, and the recycling of the wastes is facilitated.
In one embodiment, the specific surface area of the coal gangue mixture is 350-450m2/kg。
In one embodiment, in the grinding process, the coal gangue mixture is sieved by taking powder with the siftage of 0.08mm and the 15 percent as the standard.
In one embodiment, the diameter of the mixture spheres is 4-10mm during the pelletizing process. The excessively large mixture sphere has an influence on the reaction inside the sphere, and the excessively large mixture sphere causes a slow internal temperature rise and incomplete reaction.
In one embodiment, grinding aid is added to grind the coal gangue mixture into fine powder in the grinding process, wherein the grinding aid is one or more of triethanolamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol.
In one embodiment, the coal refuse is a low calorific coal refuse.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention combines mechanical crushing and high-temperature calcination activation, the coal gangue and the calcium-containing substance are mixed to prepare a mixture sphere for calcination activation, the coal gangue has smaller particle size and is uniformly distributed after being mixed with the calcium-containing substance, in the calcination process, the coal gangue is fully contacted with the calcium-containing substance, stable alumina and silica in the coal gangue are converted into activated alumina and silica, the calcium-containing substance is converted into activated calcium oxide, and the activated alumina and silica and the activated calcium oxide generate dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate active gelled materials which can be directly mixed with cement for use.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The coal gangue is activated and applied to the building cementing material, so that the problem of recycling of the coal gangue can be solved, good economic benefits can be brought, and the coal gangue is an important direction for comprehensive utilization of the coal gangue. The natural coal gangue has low activity, and the strength of directly mixing the natural coal gangue with other materials is low, so the natural coal gangue cannot be directly used.
The main reasons for the low activity of the natural coal gangue are: the coal gangue is generated along with the coal bed, contains carbon with different degrees, has strong water absorption, and can reduce the strength, durability and the like of cement; the coal gangue mainly comprises calcium dioxide and alumina, the silica forms a regular tetrahedral crystal by silicon atoms and oxygen atoms, and belongs to an acid oxide with very low activity, in the crystal lattice of the alumina, oxygen ions are in hexagonal close packing, the aluminum ions are symmetrically distributed in an octahedral coordination center surrounded by the oxygen ions, the crystal lattice energy is very large, the melting point and the boiling point are very high, and the activity is low; and thirdly, in the long-term formation process of the coal gangue, the structure of the coal gangue continuously tends to be closely and regularly arranged so as to reduce the energy of the coal gangue and realize the most stable existing state, a relatively loose structure is formed inside the coal gangue, a compact and stable structure is formed on the outer surface of the coal gangue, and the activity of the coal gangue cannot be exerted when the coal gangue reacts with other substances due to the blocking effect of the outer shell.
The invention combines mechanical crushing and thermal activation, provides a coal gangue activation calcining method, which comprises the working procedures of grinding, pelletizing and calcining,
grinding: grinding and refining the coal gangue and the calcium-containing substances to obtain a coal gangue mixture, wherein the coal gangue is low-calorific-value coal gangue, the coal gangue mixture is sieved, and the sieved coal gangue mixture is taken; the coal gangue contains rich alumina and silica, calcium element is added by calcium-containing substances, and in the calcining process, the calcium element reacts with the alumina and the silica respectively to generate active gelled materials such as dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and the like, wherein the calcium-containing substances adopt solid wastes, which is beneficial to recycling of wastes;
pelletizing: feeding the coal gangue mixture under the screen into a pelletizing forming machine, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and pelletizing to obtain a mixture sphere; pelletizing the coal gangue mixture to facilitate subsequent treatment, wherein in the mixture ball, various raw materials are in full contact with each other, which is beneficial to improving the activation efficiency;
and (3) calcining: and continuously feeding the mixture spheres into a calcining kiln, igniting the mixture spheres, and calcining and activating the mixture spheres at 800-1150 ℃ in an oxidizing environment until the surfaces of the mixture spheres are black and gray. During the calcining process, the original crystal phase of the coal gangue is decomposed and destroyed to generate a large amount of active silica and active alumina, meanwhile, the calcium-containing substance is also converted into active calcium oxide, and the active alumina and silica respectively react with the active calcium oxide to generate the gelling materials of dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate with gelling activity
Further, in the calcination process, the mixture spheres are calcined and activated at 900-1000 ℃ in an oxidation environment. The activity of the coal gangue is not always improved correspondingly with the improvement of the calcining temperature, when the calcining temperature exceeds 1000 ℃, the coal gangue is melted to fill the pores generated previously, and the activity of the coal gangue is lower than that of the calcined coal gangue at 800 ℃. The calcining temperature is not suitable to be too high, and the too high temperature can destroy the crystal phase structure of the activated coal gangue.
Further, in the grinding step, the calcium-containing substance is low-grade limestone in which the content of calcium oxide is 40% or more. The low-grade limestone is low in calcium oxide content and cannot be directly utilized, but the conventional method for recovering the part of limestone is high in cost, so that the low-grade limestone is used as a calcium source, the limestone can be decomposed into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide under the high-temperature condition, the calcium oxide generated by decomposition is an active substance and reacts with activated silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide to generate a gelling active material, and the reaction equation is as follows,
CaCO3＝CaO+CO2。
furthermore, in the grinding process, the coal gangue, low-grade limestone and other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances are ground and refined to obtain a coal gangue mixture. Other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances play a role in supplementing aluminum elements and silicon elements, and the other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances adopt solid wastes, so that the recycling of wastes is facilitated.
Further, other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances are blast furnace slag and siliceous tailings, wherein the content of silicon dioxide in the siliceous tailings is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the total mass of the silicon dioxide, the aluminum oxide and the calcium oxide in the blast furnace slag accounts for more than 90 percent. The invention adopts siliceous tailings as the supplement of the silicon dioxide raw material, and the blast furnace slag is beneficial to recovering useful metals in the blast furnace slag, but the addition amount of the siliceous tailings and the blast furnace slag cannot be too much, because other impurities in the siliceous tailings can influence the activity of the coal gangue mixed material after activation, the blast furnace slag also contains other unnecessary impurity metal elements, and the activity of the coal gangue mixed material after activation can be influenced by adding too much blast furnace slag. And other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances supplement aluminum elements and silicon elements, wherein the calcium-containing substances and the other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances are solid wastes, and the recycling of the wastes is facilitated.
In the calcining procedure, the limestone in the coal gangue mixture is decomposed into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, the activity of the coal gangue is excited at high temperature, the calcined coal gangue has obvious difference in phase composition, most of the original crystalline phase of the calcined coal gangue is decomposed into amorphous substances, the clay mineral in the coal gangue is decomposed, and the original Al is decomposed2O3·2SiO2·2H2Conversion of O component to Al2O3·2SiO2Phase and amorphous SiO2And activated Al2O3Become the main source of coal gangue activity, then Al2O3·2SiO2Phase and amorphous SiO2And activated Al2O3Reacting with siliceous tailings, blast furnace slag and calcium oxide at high temperature to generate dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate with gelling activity, wherein the reaction equation is as follows:
2CaO+SiO2＝2CaO·SiO2；
3CaO+SiO2＝3CaO·SiO2；
3CaO+Al2O3＝3CaO·Al2O3。
further, the specific surface area of the coal gangue mixture is 350-450m2/kg。
Furthermore, in the grinding process, the coal gangue mixture is sieved by taking powder with the siftage of 0.08mm and 15 percent as the standard.
Further, in the pelletizing process, the diameter of the mixture sphere is 4-10 mm. The excessively large mixture sphere has an influence on the reaction inside the sphere, and the excessively large mixture sphere causes a slow internal temperature rise and incomplete reaction.
Further, in the grinding procedure, grinding aid is added to grind the coal gangue mixture into fine powder, wherein the grinding aid is one or more of triethanolamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol.
Taking coal gangue, limestone, blast furnace slag and siliceous tailings as an example to form a coal gangue mixture, the coal gangue accounts for 60-75 parts, the limestone accounts for 10-15 parts, the blast furnace slag accounts for 2-7 parts and the siliceous tailings accounts for 6-10 parts by weight.
Example 1
Grinding: calculated by mass parts, 60 parts of coal gangue, 10 parts of limestone, 2 parts of blast furnace slag and 6 parts of siliceous tailings, wherein the content of calcium oxide in the low-grade limestone is more than or equal to 40 percent, the content of silicon dioxide in the siliceous tailings is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the total mass of the silicon dioxide, the aluminum oxide and the calcium oxide in the blast furnace slag is more than 90 percent, the raw materials are mixed and then added with grinding aids (one or more of triethanolamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol) for grinding and refining to obtain a coal gangue mixture, and the specific surface area of the coal gangue mixture is 350-450 m-2Screening the coal gangue mixture, taking powder with the screen residue of 15 percent of 0.08mm as a standard to screen the coal gangue mixture, and taking the screened coal gangue mixture;
pelletizing: feeding the screened coal gangue mixture into a pelletizing forming machine, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and pelletizing to obtain a mixture sphere, wherein the diameter of the mixture sphere is 4-6 mm;
and (3) calcining: and continuously putting the mixture spheres into a calcining kiln, igniting the mixture spheres, and calcining and activating at 900 ℃ in an oxidizing environment until the surfaces of the mixture spheres are black and gray.
Example 2
Grinding: 65 parts of coal gangue, 12 parts of limestone, 4 parts of blast furnace slag and 8 parts of siliceous tailings, wherein the content of calcium oxide in the low-grade limestone is more than or equal to 45 percent, the content of silicon dioxide in the siliceous tailings is more than or equal to 75 percent, and the total mass of the silicon dioxide, the aluminum oxide and the calcium oxide in the blast furnace slag is more than 92 percent, the raw materials are mixed and then added with grinding aids (one or more of triethanolamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol) for grinding and refining to obtain a coal gangue mixture, and the specific surface area of the coal gangue mixture is 350-450 m-2Screening the coal gangue mixture, taking powder with the screen residue of 15 percent of 0.08mm as a standard to screen the coal gangue mixture, and taking the screened coal gangue mixture;
pelletizing: feeding the screened coal gangue mixture into a pelletizing forming machine, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and pelletizing to obtain a mixture sphere, wherein the diameter of the mixture sphere is 5-7 mm;
and (3) calcining: and continuously putting the mixture spheres into a calcining kiln, igniting the mixture spheres, and calcining and activating at 950 ℃ in an oxidizing environment until the surfaces of the mixture spheres are black and gray.
Example 3
Grinding: calculated by mass parts, 70 parts of coal gangue, 13 parts of limestone, 5 parts of blast furnace slag and 10 parts of siliceous tailings, wherein the content of calcium oxide in the low-grade limestone is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of silicon dioxide in the siliceous tailings is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the total mass of the silicon dioxide, the aluminum oxide and the calcium oxide in the blast furnace slag is more than 95 percent, the raw materials are mixed and then added with grinding aids (one or more of triethanolamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol) for grinding and refining to obtain a coal gangue mixture, and the specific surface area of the coal gangue mixture is 350-450 m-2Screening the coal gangue mixture, taking powder with the screen residue of 15 percent of 0.08mm as a standard to screen the coal gangue mixture, and taking the screened coal gangue mixture;
pelletizing: feeding the screened coal gangue mixture into a pelletizing forming machine, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and pelletizing to obtain a mixture sphere, wherein the diameter of the mixture sphere is 5-7 mm;
and (3) calcining: and continuously putting the mixture spheres into a calcining kiln, igniting the mixture spheres, and calcining and activating at 1000 ℃ in an oxidizing environment until the surfaces of the mixture spheres are black and gray.
Example 4
Grinding: calculated by mass parts, 75 parts of coal gangue, 15 parts of limestone, 7 parts of blast furnace slag and 10 parts of siliceous tailings, wherein the content of calcium oxide in the low-grade limestone is more than or equal to 45 percent, the content of silicon dioxide in the siliceous tailings is more than or equal to 75 percent, and the content of the calcium oxide in the low-grade limestone is more than or equal to 75 percentThe total mass of the silicon dioxide, the aluminum oxide and the calcium oxide in the furnace slag is more than 92 percent, the raw materials are mixed and then added with grinding aids (one or more of triethanolamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol) for grinding and refining to obtain a coal gangue mixture, the specific surface area of the coal gangue mixture is 350-450m2Screening the coal gangue mixture, taking powder with the screen residue of 15 percent of 0.08mm as a standard to screen the coal gangue mixture, and taking the screened coal gangue mixture;
pelletizing: feeding the screened coal gangue mixture into a pelletizing forming machine, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and pelletizing to obtain a mixture sphere, wherein the diameter of the mixture sphere is 5-10 mm;
and (3) calcining: and continuously putting the mixture spheres into a calcining kiln, igniting the mixture spheres, and calcining and activating at 1150 ℃ in an oxidizing environment until the surfaces of the mixture spheres are black and gray.
By using the coal gangue activation method, the mixture spheres after activation and calcination can be directly mixed with cement after being cooled, the initial setting time is 140-180 minutes, and compared with the initial setting time of more than 4 hours of the conventional concrete, the initial setting time of the concrete is shortened after the high-activity composite cementing material is added, because the high-activity composite cementing material contains dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate with the gelling activity, and the workability (namely, the fluidity, the cohesiveness and the water-retaining property) of the concrete meets the requirement.
The invention combines mechanical crushing and high-temperature calcination activation, the coal gangue and the calcium-containing substance are mixed to prepare a mixture sphere for calcination activation, the coal gangue has smaller particle size and is uniformly distributed after being mixed with the calcium-containing substance, in the calcination process, the coal gangue is fully contacted with the calcium-containing substance, stable alumina and silica in the coal gangue are converted into activated alumina and silica, the calcium-containing substance is converted into activated calcium oxide, and the activated alumina and silica and the activated calcium oxide generate dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate active gelled materials which can be directly mixed with cement for use.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coal gangue activation calcining method is characterized by comprising the working procedures of grinding, pelletizing and calcining,
grinding: grinding and refining the coal gangue and the calcium-containing substances to obtain a coal gangue mixture, screening the coal gangue mixture, and taking the screened coal gangue mixture;
pelletizing: feeding the coal gangue mixture under the screen into a pelletizing forming machine, adding water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and pelletizing to obtain a mixture sphere;
and (3) calcining: and continuously feeding the mixture spheres into a calcining kiln, igniting the mixture spheres, and calcining and activating the mixture spheres at 800-1150 ℃ in an oxidizing environment until the surfaces of the mixture spheres are black and gray.
2. The coal refuse activation calcination method as defined in claim 1, wherein the mixture spheres are subjected to calcination activation at 900-1000 ℃ in an oxidizing environment during the calcination process.
3. The coal refuse activation calcination process according to claim 2, wherein the calcium-containing substance is low-grade limestone in which the content of calcium oxide is 40% or more in the grinding step.
4. The coal gangue activation calcining method as defined in claim 3, wherein in the grinding process, the coal gangue, low-grade limestone and other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances are ground and refined to obtain the coal gangue mixture.
5. The coal gangue activation calcination method as defined in claim 4, wherein the other aluminum-containing and silicon-containing substances are blast furnace slag and siliceous tailings, wherein the content of silica in the siliceous tailings is 70% or more, and the total mass of silica, alumina and calcium oxide in the blast furnace slag is 90% or more.
6. The coal refuse activation calcination process as defined in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the coal refuse mixture has a specific surface area of 350-450m2/kg。
7. The coal refuse activation calcination process according to claim 6, wherein in the grinding step, the coal refuse mixture is sieved using powder with a 15% oversize of 0.08mm as a standard.
8. The coal refuse activation calcination process according to claim 1, wherein, in the pelletizing operation, the diameter of the mixture spheres is 4 to 10 mm.
9. The coal gangue activation calcination method of claim 1, wherein in the grinding process, grinding aid is added to grind the coal gangue mixture into fine powder, wherein the grinding aid is one or more of triethanolamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol.
10. The coal refuse activation calcination process of claim 1, wherein the coal refuse is a low calorific value coal refuse.
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| CN115321851A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-11-11 | 北科蕴宏环保科技(北京)有限公司 | Green low-carbon high-performance cementing material and preparation method thereof |
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