CN113042520A - Risk management and control and ecological restoration method for metal mine polluted site - Google Patents
Risk management and control and ecological restoration method for metal mine polluted site Download PDFInfo
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- CN113042520A CN113042520A CN202110488221.8A CN202110488221A CN113042520A CN 113042520 A CN113042520 A CN 113042520A CN 202110488221 A CN202110488221 A CN 202110488221A CN 113042520 A CN113042520 A CN 113042520A
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- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal mine polluted site risk management and control and ecological restoration method, which comprises the following steps: s100, leaching, identifying and classifying solid waste and polluted soil of a metal mine polluted site; s200, correspondingly processing different types of polluted media; s300, performing ecological greening treatment on the treated metal mine polluted site. According to the invention, solid waste and polluted soil of the metal mine polluted site are classified and identified according to relevant standards, pollutants with different properties are classified and treated, and the pollutants are prevented from polluting surrounding soil and water bodies through surface runoff or leaching, so that the recovery of the metal mine ecological environment and the safety of surrounding human habitation and ecological environment are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine soil remediation, and particularly relates to a metal mine contaminated site risk management and control and ecological restoration method.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy, the demand of non-ferrous metals is huge, and the activities of metal mining, mineral separation and smelting in China are very active. In the mass exploitation of metal mines, the original landscape ecosystem is damaged, and the ecosystem of a mining area is also seriously degraded; the discharge and stockpiling of wastes generated in the mining, selecting and smelting activities of metal mines increasingly bring a series of environmental problems, and a large amount of wastes containing heavy metals cause serious pollution to surrounding soil and downstream water bodies through rainwater washing and leaching, thereby greatly threatening the ecological environment, agricultural production and life safety. Therefore, the risk management and control ecological restoration of the metal mine polluted site becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
At present, the treatment technology for heavy metal contaminated soil in mining areas mainly comprises chemical leaching, solidification and stabilization, but due to high cost, serious economic burden is brought to the mining areas with numerous contaminated plots, and technical popularization and treatment and repair work are difficult to implement. Therefore, it is of great significance to select an economical and efficient treatment scheme for pollution source management and control.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present disclosure provides a method for managing and controlling risk and restoring ecology of a metal mine contaminated site, which classifies and identifies solid waste and contaminated soil in the metal mine contaminated site according to relevant standards, classifies and treats pollutants of different properties, blocks the pollutants from polluting surrounding soil and water through surface runoff or leaching, and realizes restoration of the mine ecological environment and safety of surrounding human habitation and ecological environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a metal mine polluted site risk management and control and ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
s100, leaching, identifying and classifying solid waste and polluted soil of a metal mine polluted site;
s200, correspondingly processing different types of polluted media;
s300, performing ecological greening on the treated metal mine polluted site.
Further, in step S100, the solid waste is identified by hazardous waste identification, leaching test and classified into hazardous waste, class i solid waste and class ii solid waste.
Further, in step S100, the contaminated soil is divided into high-leaching contaminated soil and low-leaching contaminated soil.
Further, step S200 specifically includes: directly carrying out original site blocking landfill on I-type solid waste and low-leaching polluted soil; stabilizing the II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil, and then performing in-situ blocking landfill; the hazardous waste is treated in a centralized way.
Further, the stabilization treatment specifically includes the steps of:
s210, preprocessing: screening and crushing the II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil;
s220, metering and mixing the medicaments: calculating the addition amount of a stabilizing agent according to the volume of the II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil and the concentration of pollutants, and uniformly mixing the stabilizing agent with the screened and crushed II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil;
s230, standing and maintaining: and (5) standing and maintaining the type II solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil repaired by the stabilizing agent in the step (S230) for 3-7 days.
Furthermore, the standard of the original site blocking landfill is not lower than the construction standard of I-type solid waste landfill sites.
Further, after stabilizing treatment is carried out on the II-type solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil, the leaching concentration of pollutants reaches the national or local risk control standard.
Furthermore, the in-situ blocking and burying process is specifically to arrange a blocking layer and a covering layer.
Further, the barrier layer is a compacted clay layer, a geomembrane or a bentonite mat.
Further, the covering layer is a natural soil layer, and the thickness of the natural soil layer is 350-500 mm.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) and carrying out classification treatment according to the classification result of the leaching of the polluted medium, blocking pollutants from polluting surrounding soil and water through surface runoff or leaching, and realizing the recovery of the ecological environment of the mine and the safety of surrounding human habitats and the ecological environment.
(2) The solid waste and the polluted soil are subjected to classification treatment after leaching identification, the classification treatment method comprises centralized treatment, stabilization treatment and blocking landfill, and ecological greening is performed after treatment, so that the method has the advantages of economy, reliability and easiness in engineering implementation.
(3) By arranging the blocking layer, the generation of landfill leachate of a landfill site is effectively reduced while the water storage capacity of a vegetation growing soil layer is improved.
(4) The natural soil covering layer is arranged, and humus and the like are added on the surface layer to provide nutrition for plant growth, so that the vegetation growth and ecological greening are facilitated.
(5) The method is suitable for risk management and control and ecological restoration methods of other polluted sites, and has the characteristics of wide practicability and strong applicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for risk management and control and ecological restoration of a metal mining, dressing and metallurgy contaminated site in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is given for clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and other similar embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. In addition, directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. in the following embodiments are directions with reference to the drawings only, and thus, the directional terms are used for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for risk management and control and ecological restoration of a metal mine contaminated site comprises the following steps:
s100, leaching, identifying and classifying solid waste and polluted soil of a metal mine polluted site;
s200, correspondingly processing different types of polluted media;
s300, performing ecological greening on the treated metal mine polluted site.
Further, in step S100, the solid waste is identified by hazardous waste identification, leaching test and classified into hazardous waste, class i solid waste and class ii solid waste.
Further, in step S100, the contaminated soil is divided into high-leaching contaminated soil and low-leaching contaminated soil.
Specifically, the contaminated soil is detected according to standard experiments of horizontal oscillation method for leaching toxicity from solid waste (HJ557-2010), one or more than one contaminated soil with the concentration exceeding the highest allowable discharge concentration of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) is identified as high-leaching contaminated soil, or contaminated soil with the pH value of 6-9 is identified as high-leaching contaminated soil, the concentration of any one contaminant does not exceed the highest allowable discharge concentration of Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), and contaminated soil with the pH value of 6-9 is identified as low-leaching contaminated soil.
Further, step S200 specifically includes: directly carrying out original site blocking landfill on I-type solid waste and low-leaching polluted soil; stabilizing the II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil, and then performing in-situ blocking landfill; the hazardous waste is treated in a centralized way.
Further, the stabilization treatment specifically includes the steps of:
s210, preprocessing: screening and crushing the II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil;
s220, metering and mixing the medicaments: calculating the addition amount of a stabilizing agent according to the volume of the II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil and the concentration of pollutants, and uniformly mixing the stabilizing agent with the screened and crushed II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil;
s230, standing and maintaining: and (5) standing and maintaining the type II solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil repaired by the stabilizing agent in the step (S230) for 3-7 days.
Furthermore, the standard of the original site blocking landfill is not lower than the construction standard of I-type solid waste landfill sites.
Specifically, the construction standard of the I-type solid waste landfill site is referred to the general industrial solid waste storage and landfill pollution control standard GB 18599-2020, and the general industrial solid waste entering the I-type landfill site simultaneously meets the following requirements: a) class I general industrial solid waste (including class II general industrial solid waste that is treated to belong to class I general industrial solid waste); b) the content of organic matters is less than 2 percent (except coal gangue), and the determination method is carried out according to HJ 761; c) the total amount of water-soluble salts was less than 2%, and the determination was carried out according to NY/T1121.16.
Further, after stabilizing treatment is carried out on the II-type solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil, the leaching concentration of pollutants reaches the national or local risk control standard.
Furthermore, after stabilizing treatment of the type II solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil, the leaching concentration of pollutants needs to meet the limit requirement of the type III water standard of the surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002).
Specifically, the limit of the class III water standard of the environmental quality Standard for surface Water (GB3838-2002) is required to be pH 6-9, dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 5, permanganate index is less than or equal to 6, chemical oxygen demand is less than or equal to 20, five-day biochemical oxygen demand is less than or equal to 4, ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 1.0, total nitrogen (calculated by P) is less than or equal to 0.2 (lake or reservoir 0.05), copper is less than or equal to 1.0, zinc is less than or equal to 1.0, fluoride (calculated by F < - >) is less than or equal to 1.0, arsenic is less than or equal to 0.05, mercury is less than or equal to 0.001, cadmium is less than or equal to 0.005, chromium (hexavalent) is less than or equal to 0.
Furthermore, the in-situ blocking and burying process is specifically to arrange a blocking layer and a covering layer.
Further, the barrier layer is a compacted clay layer, a geomembrane or a bentonite mat.
Preferably, the barrier layer is a bentonite pad or a High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane with a rough surface (the thickness is more than or equal to 1.0 mm). The bentonite expands in volume after meeting water, greatly reduces the permeability, and plays a role in preventing water from infiltrating downwards, thereby improving the water storage capacity of a vegetation growing soil layer and reducing rainfall infiltration of a landfill to a great extent. The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane with the rough surface (the thickness is more than or equal to 1.0mm) can effectively reduce the generation of percolate.
Further, the covering layer is a natural soil layer, and the thickness of the natural soil layer is 350-500 mm.
Preferably, humus and the like can be added to the surface layer of the natural soil layer to provide nutrition for plant growth.
Specifically, the metal mine contaminated site is a contaminated site in the metal mine mining, selecting and metallurgy industry, and the risk control and ecological restoration method is to classify and identify solid wastes and contaminated soil in the site according to relevant standards and classify and treat pollutants with different properties. The solid waste is classified into dangerous waste, I-type solid waste and II-type solid waste through dangerous waste identification and leaching test identification, the polluted soil is the soil which is over a risk control value through investigation and evaluation, and the polluted soil is analyzed according to a leaching method of solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method (HJ 557-. The characteristics that metal mine mining, selecting and smelting polluted sites are mostly far away from crowd residential areas are fully considered, peripheral soil and water are polluted mainly through surface runoff or leaching, and further hidden dangers are generated on downstream crop safety production and personal health. The invention carries out ecological restoration and risk management and control aiming at the pollution source, and emphasizes on solving the ecological environment risk of the polluted site. Directly performing barrier landfill on the I-type solid waste and low-leaching polluted soil according to the identification and classification result; stabilizing the II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil, performing in-situ blocking landfill after the leaching concentration of the treated pollutants reaches the national or local standard, and blocking and ecologically recovering a blocking landfill site; dangerous waste in the site is treated in a centralized manner, so that economic and efficient treatment of metal mine polluted sites is realized.
Taking the treatment of a metal mine mining and smelting polluted site located in a Nanling finished ore zone and originally used as a smelting plant as an example, the site is stacked on site without taking environmental protection measures on smelting waste residues, sintering residues and the like after smelting due to non-standard production, pollutants such as arsenic, nickel and the like in the smelting waste residues are weathered and eroded for a long time to form leaching solution through atmospheric precipitation, and the leaching solution pollutes the lower-layer soil through an aeration zone. Because this place is peripheral mostly the farmland, and the rainwater of collecting in the place converges the off-site irrigation open channel, if the open channel water receives the pollution, this will restrict the sustainable use of soil resource to threaten peripheral resident's health in life and life safety.
Based on the above situation, the site is investigated and risk evaluated, and the solid waste and the polluted soil of the site are identified according to the hazardous waste identification and leaching test, and the volume of the hazardous waste in the stockpiled waste residue in the site is 385.06m3Class II solid waste volume of 123.23m3And no I-type solid waste exists. Detecting the category, depth and volume of the polluted soil according to standard experiment of solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method (HJ557-2010), wherein the depth of the polluted soil is 0-3.5 m, and the volume of the polluted soil is 152128 in total, wherein the volume of the high-leaching polluted soil is 68937m3Volume of low leaching contaminated soil 83191m3。
Finally determining the target repairing values of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb) and lead (Pb) of the site target pollutants to be 70.0mg/kg, 28.6mg/kg, 66.3mg/kg and 800mg/kg respectively after risk evaluation; the leaching concentration of the treated high-leaching polluted soil and the II-type solid waste by the horizontal oscillation method needs to meet the limit requirement of the III-type water standard of the surface water environmental quality standard (GB3838-2002) so as to realize the effects of treating the overproof soil and the solid waste and controlling the pollution risk of heavy metals.
Then leaving 385.06m in the field3Conveying the dangerous waste to a centralized dangerous waste disposal site for disposal, wherein the conveying distance is 10 km; for class II solid wastes 123.23m3And (0-1m) surface layer high leaching polluted soil 15730.56m3After stabilization treatment, the leaching concentration of the horizontal oscillation method is required to meet the limit requirement of class III water standard of surface water environmental quality standard (GB3838-2002), and original site blocking landfill is carried out; low-leaching polluted soil 83191m3Total area 23769m2And engineering blocking is carried out at the original site, so that the environmental risk is reduced to be within a controllable range.
Specifically, the stabilizing treatment process for the high leaching polluted soil and the II-class solid waste is as follows:
1) pretreatment: conveying the high-leaching polluted soil and the II-class solid waste to a pretreatment site, and further screening and crushing by adopting a screening and crushing hopper; after being screened and crushed, the raw materials are jointly processed by a screening and crushing hopper and a pretreatment medicament. And when the water content and the particle size in the high leaching polluted soil and the II-class solid waste after screening and crushing meet the feeding requirements of the stabilization mixing equipment, carrying out stabilization repair treatment on the dosing stirring equipment.
2) Metering and mixing the medicaments: the uniformity of the screened and crushed high-leaching polluted soil and the mixing of the II-class solid waste and the medicament is a key factor for determining the stabilization treatment effect. In the embodiment, a soil remediation professional device, namely a mobile soil conditioner, is adopted to perform the mixing operation of high-leaching polluted soil, II-type solid waste and stabilizing agents. The equipment is provided with a soil feeding metering and medicament weighing device, and the dosage of the medicament can be accurately controlled through a program control system. In addition, the equipment has triple crushing, cutting and mixing functions, and can obviously improve the uniform mixing degree of the medicament, the highly leached polluted soil and the II-class solid waste. In the operation process, firstly, an excavator is used for feeding high-leaching polluted soil and II-class solid wastes to the soil improvement machine, and meanwhile, a stabilizing agent is quantitatively stirred into the soil improvement machine. The mechanical mixing action of twice cutting and three times hammering in the soil improving machine can make the high-leaching polluted soil and II-class solid wastes be uniformly mixed with the chemical agent. According to the small test, the adding proportion of the medicament is 3-5%, the stirring and mixing time is more than or equal to 10min, and the water content is 20% after treatment.
3) Standing and maintaining: and after the polluted soil after the restoration treatment reaches the leaching concentration standard, safe landfill treatment and maintenance are carried out. And respectively piling the solid wastes to be maintained into long-strip soil piles according to the pollution degree, and covering the soil piles with a dustproof net. And (3) periodically sampling and detecting the water content of the soil during stacking and maintaining, supplementing water in time according to conditions, maintaining the water content of the soil to be detected to be constant above 20%, and maintaining for 3-7 days.
In order to fully stop the pollution to the surrounding environment, a barrier layer is additionally arranged, and the seal structure of the embodiment is provided with the barrier layer and a covering layer from bottom to top. The barrier layer directly acts as a barrier to water permeating the covering system, and indirectly acts as a barrier to improve the water storage and drainage capacity of the soil layer above the barrier layer, so as to ensure the growth of plants. In the embodiment, HDPE geomembrane with the thickness of 1.0mm is used as a barrier layer; the covering layer is mainly natural soil, which is beneficial to the growth of vegetation, and the thickness of the soil layer is reasonably selected by fully considering local soil conditions, weather precipitation conditions and plant growth conditions. The cover thickness was set at 500 mm. Turf and shrubs with certain economic value are adopted for sealing and greening, and tree species with strong root penetrating power cannot be used.
In the embodiment, a combined measure of 'original site blocking and landfill + ecological restoration' is adopted, the engineering construction of an original site blocking and landfill area seepage-proofing system is carried out on a site landfill area, the site is leveled finally, ecological restoration is carried out on the whole site, the pollution of site polluted soil to the surrounding environment is controlled, the heavy metal pollution risk is reduced, and the quality of the surrounding environment of a project is improved.
The present invention has been described in detail, and it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A metal mine polluted site risk management and control and ecological restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, leaching, identifying and classifying solid waste and polluted soil of a metal mine polluted site;
s200, correspondingly processing different types of polluted media;
s300, performing ecological greening on the treated metal mine polluted site.
2. The metal mine contaminated site risk management and control and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, wherein in step S100, the solid waste is identified and classified into hazardous waste, type i solid waste and type ii solid waste through hazardous waste identification, leaching test identification.
3. The metal mine contaminated site risk management and control and ecological restoration method according to claim 2, wherein in step S100, the contaminated soil is divided into high-leaching contaminated soil and low-leaching contaminated soil.
4. The metal mine polluted site risk management and control and ecological restoration method according to claim 3, wherein the step S200 specifically comprises: directly carrying out original site blocking landfill on I-type solid waste and low-leaching polluted soil; stabilizing the II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil, and then performing in-situ blocking landfill; the hazardous waste is treated in a centralized way.
5. The metal mine contaminated site risk management and control and ecological restoration method according to claim 4, wherein the stabilization treatment specifically includes the steps of:
s210, preprocessing: screening and crushing the II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil;
s220, metering and mixing the medicaments: calculating the addition amount of a stabilizing agent according to the volume of the II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil and the concentration of pollutants, and uniformly mixing the stabilizing agent with the screened and crushed II-class solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil;
s230, standing and maintaining: and (5) standing and maintaining the type II solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil repaired by the stabilizing agent in the step (S230) for 3-7 days.
6. The metal mine polluted site risk management and control and ecological restoration method according to claim 4, wherein the standard of in-situ barrier landfill is not lower than the construction standard of class I solid waste landfill.
7. The metal mine polluted site risk management and control and ecological restoration method according to claim 4, wherein after the type II solid waste and high-leaching polluted soil are subjected to stabilization treatment, the leaching concentration of pollutants reaches the national or local risk control standard.
8. The metal mine contaminated site risk management and control and ecological restoration method according to claim 4, wherein the in-situ blocking landfill process is specifically to provide a barrier layer and a covering layer.
9. The metal mine contaminated site risk management and control and ecological restoration method according to claim 8, wherein the barrier layer is a compacted clay layer, a geomembrane or a bentonite mat.
10. The metal mine contaminated site risk management and control and ecological restoration method according to claim 8, wherein the covering layer is a natural soil layer, and the thickness of the natural soil layer is 350-500 mm.
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