CN113042059A - Preparation method of red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis - Google Patents
Preparation method of red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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Abstract
A preparation method of a red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis comprises the following steps: (1) grinding the red mud and alkali together to obtain uniformly mixed solid particles; (2) removing Fe element from the solid particles obtained in the step (1) through high-temperature roasting, crushing, water adding, magnetic stirring and vacuum filtration to obtain a solution only containing Si and Al; (3) and (3) baking the Si and Al solution obtained in the step (2), and performing vacuum filtration to obtain the solid red mud-based catalyst. The invention can effectively utilize solid waste generated in the aluminum industry, and can fully utilize biomass resources and generate high-quality oil gas resources by preparing the high-quality catalyst to be applied to the pyrolysis of biomass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of solid wastes and renewable energy, in particular to a preparation method of a red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis.
Background
The red mud is used as waste in the aluminum production industry, the yield is about 7000 ten thousand tons every year, the large amount of stockpiling of the red mud occupies land, forms dust, pollutes soil and water, the treatment of the red mud also needs huge cost, and the red mud has great influence on the development of the aluminum production industry and other industries related to the aluminum production industry; the red mud contains more Si and Al elements and can be used as a framework for preparing the 4A molecular sieve, so that the preparation of the catalyst from the red mud can become a new way for green treatment of solid wastes.
The biomass is a carbon-neutral renewable energy source, has wide sources and huge reserves in China, and mainly comprises agricultural resources, forestry resources, energy plants, aquatic plants, animal wastes, urban and industrial organic wastes and the like. In the agricultural industry, the yield of biomass such as straw in 2017 is about 8.55 hundred million tons; pyrolysis can be used as a way of green utilization of biomass, can generate a large amount of clean oil and gas resources, replaces partial fossil fuels, and reduces pollution to the environment. However, biomass resources also have the problems of more pores, high moisture, low energy density and the like, so that oil gas generated by pyrolysis has the defects of high operation cost, low oil gas yield, poor quality and the like, the proportion of the oil gas resources generated by pyrolysis of biomass accounts for less than 1% of the total annual oil gas supply quantity of China, and the subsidy dependency of China is strong. The problem caused by the defects of the biomass can be solved to a certain extent by adding the catalyst in the pyrolysis process, so that the high-quality catalyst prepared from the red mud is applied to the pyrolysis of the biomass, the environmental problem caused by the accumulation of the red mud and the high cost of treatment can be solved, the oil gas yield and quality of the biomass pyrolysis can be improved, and the dependence on external regulation is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis, which can realize effective utilization of red mud resources, reduce pollution to the environment and treatment cost, prepare a high-quality catalyst, solve the problems of poor biomass pyrolysis oil product and low yield, and have wide prospects in the technical fields of comprehensive utilization of solid wastes and renewable energy sources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis comprises the following steps:
(1) red mud pretreatment: grinding solid NaOH and red mud together according to the mass ratio of 1.5:1 to obtain uniformly mixed solid particles;
(2) removing Fe element from the solid particles obtained in the step (1) through high-temperature roasting, crushing, water adding, magnetic stirring and vacuum filtration to obtain a yellow-green solution rich in Si and Al elements;
the high-temperature baking is to place the solid particles obtained in the step (1) in a 25ml crucible, send the crucible into a muffle furnace, raise the temperature from room temperature to 500 ℃, and preserve the temperature for 35min to obtain dark green solid blocks;
the crushing is to crush and grind the dark green solid block to below 20 meshes to obtain dark green powdery particles;
adding deionized water into the water, putting the deionized water and the dark green powdery particles into a beaker, adding 20ml of deionized water into the beaker every time 1g of the dark green powdery particles are added to obtain a reddish brown suspension, and standing the suspension to obtain dark green upper-layer liquid;
the magnetic stirring is to stir the red-brown suspension for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 300r/min to fully dissolve Al and Si elements in the suspension and enable Fe element to be Fe (OH)3Precipitation in the form of (1);
the vacuum filtration is to stir the reddish brown suspension for 2h, then the liquid mixture is slowly drained through a glass rod, and under the action of vacuum filtration, mud, dust and Fe (OH) in the liquid mixture are removed3Precipitating solid impurities to obtain a yellow-green solution rich in Si and Al elements;
(3) baking the yellow-green solution rich in Si and Al elements obtained in the step (2), and performing vacuum filtration to finally obtain a solid red mud-based catalyst;
the baking is to place the obtained yellow-green solution rich in Si and Al elements in a reaction kettle, place the reaction kettle in an oven, and keep the temperature for 6 hours at 95 ℃ to ensure that the Si and Al elements are crystallized (Na)12Al12·Si12O48(H2O)27) Is precipitated;
and in the vacuum filtration, the obtained Si and Al element crystals are separated from liquid to obtain the required red mud-based catalyst.
The red mud pretreatment in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding the red mud to below 20 meshes;
(2) and (2) sending the red mud obtained by grinding in the step (1) into an oven, and baking for 12 hours at the temperature of 105 ℃.
The preparation method of the red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis comprises the steps of putting the obtained red mud-based catalyst into an oven, preserving heat for 12 hours at 65 ℃, drying moisture in the red mud-based catalyst while not damaging the molecular structure of the red mud-based catalyst, and obtaining a finished product of the red mud-based catalyst.
The application of the prepared red mud-based catalyst in biomass pyrolysis comprises the following steps: the biomass used for biomass pyrolysis is corn straw, and the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the biomass is 1: 3, the biomass pyrolysis heating mode is electric heating,
the average of three experiments was taken and,
taking 1g of quartz sand crushed to below 20 meshes, weighing 3 times of biomass, namely 3g of biomass, taking a certain amount of quartz cotton to be padded on a sintering plate of a reaction tube, putting the weighed 1g of quartz sand on the quartz cotton, spreading, then taking a certain amount of quartz cotton to be padded on a red mud-based catalyst, putting 3g of the weighed biomass into the reaction tube, connecting a pipeline, checking the air tightness by using soapy water, ventilating for 3min by 100ml/min of nitrogen, turning on a power supply, starting a device, slowly heating the whole reaction device from room temperature to 600 ℃ at a heating speed of 60 ℃/min, staying for 20min,
and after the temperature of the whole pyrolysis reaction device is reduced to be below 80 ℃, closing the gas path, collecting and weighing the liquid, the gas and the residual solid obtained by pyrolysis, wherein the yield of the finally obtained gas is 20.3%, the yield of the liquid is 49.6% and the yield of the solid is 30.1%.
The application of the prepared red mud-based catalyst in biomass pyrolysis comprises the following steps: the biomass used for biomass pyrolysis is corn straw, and the mass ratio of the red mud-based catalyst to the biomass is 1: 3, the biomass pyrolysis heating mode is infrared heating, the average value of three experiments is taken,
weighing 1g of prepared red mud-based catalyst, weighing 3 times of biomass, namely 3g of biomass, placing a certain amount of quartz cotton on a sintering plate of a reaction tube, placing the weighed 1g of red mud-based catalyst on the quartz cotton, spreading, placing a certain amount of quartz cotton on the red mud-based catalyst, placing the weighed 3g of biomass into the reaction tube, connecting the reaction tube, checking the air tightness by using soapy water, ventilating for 3min by 100ml/min of nitrogen, turning on a power supply, starting a device, slowly heating the whole reaction device from room temperature to 600 ℃ at a heating speed of 60 ℃/min, staying for 20min,
and after the temperature of the whole pyrolysis reaction device is reduced to be below 80 ℃, closing a gas path, collecting liquid, gas and residual solid obtained by pyrolysis, and weighing to finally obtain the gas yield of 21.2%, the liquid yield of 54.9% and the solid yield of 23.9%.
The application of the red mud-based catalyst in biomass pyrolysis comprises the following connection modes of electrical heating: the gas outlet of the gas cylinder is connected with the upper gas inlet of the electric heating device through a gas guide tube, the lower gas outlet of the electric heating device is connected with the gas inlet of the left upper part of the condenser through a gas guide tube, the gas outlet of the right upper part of the condenser is connected with the gas inlet of the left upper part of the gas washing bottle, the right gas outlet of the gas washing bottle is connected with the gas inlet of the left part of the gas flowmeter through a gas guide tube, the gas outlet of the right part of the gas flowmeter is connected with the gas bag through a gas guide.
The biomass pyrolysis heating mode comprises infrared heating or electric heating.
The vessel used for high-temperature roasting is a 25ml crucible, the use temperature is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 35 min.
In order to make Si and Al in the red mud undergo an alkali reaction, the Si and Al are favorably separated out in the form of soluble salt, and preparation is made for subsequent Fe removal, and the process can be described according to the following chemical equation:
(Ⅰ)Al2O3(s)+2NaOH(s)→Na2Al2O4(s)+H2O(g)
(Ⅱ)SiO2(s)+2NaOH(s)→Na2SiO3(s)+H2O(g)
(Ⅲ)Fe2O3(s)+2NaOH(s)→2NaFeO2(s)+H2O(g)
in order to obtain Na produced in the steps (2) and (3)2Al2O4(s) and Na2SiO3(s) dissolving, and removing Fe and other insoluble impurities therefrom, the removal of Fe being represented by the following chemical equation:
(Ⅳ)NaFeO2(aq)+2H2O→Fe(OH)3↓+NaOH
the baking of the red mud-based catalyst placed in a reaction kettle and put in an oven is to ensure that the catalyst (4A molecular sieve) crystals grow fully, the yield is improved, and the quality is ensured at the same time, and the forming process of the catalyst can be expressed by the following equation:
(Ⅴ)Na2O·Al2O3(aq)+Na2O·SiO2(aq)→Na12Al12·Si12O48(H2O)27
the solid obtained by vacuum filtration is the red mud-based catalyst and is put into an oven to be dried again, and finally the finished product of the red mud-based catalyst is prepared.
The invention has the outstanding advantages that:
(1) the red mud is solid waste left by the aluminum production industry, and has huge yield, so the red mud is cheap and easily available in raw material sources, the pollution to the environment and the occupied area of land can be reduced in the process of preparing the catalyst, the treatment cost can be reduced, and a new way is opened up for the green cycle development of the aluminum production industry.
(2) The prepared red mud-based catalyst is applied to biomass pyrolysis, belongs to the field of renewable energy sources, can effectively promote the development of oil and gas production industries of biomass in China to a certain extent, reduces the dependence on external support, and can directly reduce the waste of biomass resources and the pollution of open-air incineration and other phenomena to resources and the environment.
(3) The red mud-based catalyst is used for biomass pyrolysis, can generate a large amount of high-quality oil gas resources on the basis of fully utilizing waste resources, reduces the dependence on fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal, and contributes to sustainable development of energy in China.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a preparation method of a red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus for biomass pyrolysis employing electrically heated pyrolysis.
Labeled in fig. 2: gas cylinder 201, electric heater 202, condenser 203, gas washing cylinder 204, gas flowmeter 205, display 206, gas pocket 207.
Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of the location of biomass and red mud-based catalysts in a pyrolysis unit.
Labeled in fig. 3: biomass 301, second quartz wool 302, red mud-based catalyst/quartz sand 303, first quartz wool 304, and sintered plate 305.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left", "right", "upper left", "upper right", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only created for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The biomass pyrolysis adopts equipment for electric heating pyrolysis, and the connection mode is as follows: the gas outlet of the gas bottle 201 is connected with the upper gas inlet of the electric heating device 202 through a gas guide tube, the lower gas outlet of the electric heating device 202 is connected with the gas inlet at the left upper part of the condenser 203 through a gas guide tube, the gas outlet at the right upper part of the condenser 203 is connected with the left gas inlet of the gas washing bottle 204, the right gas outlet of the gas washing bottle 204 is connected with the left gas inlet of the gas flowmeter 205 through a gas guide tube, the right gas outlet of the gas flowmeter 205 is connected with the gas bag 207 through a gas guide tube, and the display 206 is connected with the upper and.
Example 1
The preparation method of the red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps of:
weighing solid NaOH which is 1.5 times of the red mud by weight, namely 45g of the solid NaOH, taking 30g of pretreated Bayer process red mud, putting the two into a mortar for mixing and grinding until obvious NaOH solid can not be seen by naked eyes, preparing a plurality of 25ml crucibles for containing the mixture of the red mud and the NaOH, sending the mixture into a muffle furnace for roasting, wherein the roasting temperature is 500 ℃, the roasting time is 35min, taking the mixture out of the muffle furnace in time, crushing and grinding the sintered dark green solid to below 20 meshes after cooling to room temperature, adding 600ml of deionized water to form red mud-alkali solution, continuously stirring the red mud-alkali solution for 2h at the rotating speed of 300r/min by using a magnetic stirrer, performing vacuum filtration on the stirred red mud-alkali solution to remove solid impurities in the red mud-alkali solution to obtain a solution containing a large amount of Si and Al elements, placing the solution in a stainless steel reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, and sending the red mud into an oven to be heated for 6h at 95 ℃, wherein the temperature of the oven is not suitable to be changed too much in the process, then taking out the red mud and naturally cooling the red mud to room temperature, carrying out vacuum filtration to obtain the required solid, continuously sending the solid into the oven to be heated for 12h at 65 ℃, and removing the water in the solid to obtain the red mud-based catalyst.
Example 2
This example is an example of the red mud-based catalyst prepared by the present invention for biomass pyrolysis, and includes the following steps:
the biomass used in the biomass pyrolysis experiment is corn straw. The pyrolysis temperature is 600 ℃, including blank experiments, the biomass pyrolysis heating mode is electric heating, the average value of 3 experiments is taken, and the method comprises the following steps:
taking 5g of quartz sand crushed to below 20 meshes, weighing 3 times of biomass, namely 15g of biomass, padding a certain amount of second quartz wool 302 on a sintering plate 305 of an electric heating device 202, placing the weighed 5g of quartz sand on the second quartz wool 302, flattening, wherein the quartz wool can effectively prevent the quartz sand on the upper layer from flowing into a lower pipeline from the sintering plate, then padding a certain amount of first quartz wool 304 on the quartz sand 303, wherein the quartz wool consumption is smaller than the last time, so that the biomass 301 and the quartz sand 303 on the lower layer are separated, adverse effects on pyrolysis caused by overlarge gas path resistance are avoided, placing the weighed 15g of biomass 301 in the electric heating device 202, connecting a pipeline, checking the airtightness by using soapy water, opening a power supply after ventilating for 6min by using 300ml/min of nitrogen, starting the device, slowly raising the temperature of the whole reaction device to 600 ℃ from room temperature at a heating speed of 60 ℃/min, staying for 20 min.
Because the electric heating rate is not high, and the pyrolysis temperature of the biomass involved in the experiment is about 260 ℃, the gas bag can be opened for gas collection when the temperature of the display is 200 ℃.
After the experiment is finished, after the temperature of the whole pyrolysis reaction device is reduced to be below 80 ℃, the gas path is closed, liquid, gas and residual solid obtained by pyrolysis are collected and weighed, and finally the yield of the obtained gas is 20.1%, the yield of the liquid is 48.6% and the yield of the solid is 31.3%.
Example 3
The embodiment is another example of the red mud-based catalyst prepared by the invention used for biomass pyrolysis, the temperature is 600 ℃, the biomass pyrolysis heating mode is infrared heating, and the average value of 3 experiments is taken, and the method comprises the following steps:
taking 5g of the red mud-based catalyst prepared by the invention, weighing biomass with 3 times of the weight of the red mud-based catalyst, namely 15g of the biomass, taking a certain amount of second quartz wool 302 to pad a sintering plate 305 of an electric heating device 202, putting the weighed 5g of the red mud-based catalyst 303 on the second quartz wool 302, flattening, wherein the quartz wool can effectively prevent the red mud-based catalyst from flowing into a lowering pipeline, then taking a certain amount of first quartz wool 304 to pad the red mud-based catalyst 303, separating the biomass 301 from the red mud-based catalyst 303, being beneficial to the recovery of the catalyst, and in addition, the quartz wool amount at this time is less than the last time to avoid overlarge gas path resistance, putting the weighed 15g of the biomass 301 into the electric heating device 202, connecting a pipeline, checking the airtightness by using soap water, after ventilating for 6min by using 300ml/min of nitrogen, turning on a power supply, starting the device, slowly raising the temperature of the whole reaction device from room temperature to 600 ℃ at a heating speed of, staying for 20 min.
Because the electric heating rate is not high, and the pyrolysis temperature of the biomass involved in the experiment is about 260 ℃, the gas bag can be opened for gas collection when the temperature of the display is 200 ℃.
After the experiment is finished, after the temperature of the whole pyrolysis reaction device is reduced to be below 80 ℃, the gas path is closed, liquid, gas and residual solid obtained by pyrolysis are collected and weighed, and finally the yield of the obtained gas is 21.7%, the yield of the liquid is 54.5% and the yield of the solid is 23.8%.
After the experiment is finished, after the temperature of the whole pyrolysis reaction device is reduced to be below 80 ℃, the gas path is closed, liquid, gas and residual solid obtained by pyrolysis are collected and weighed, and finally the yield of the obtained gas is 20.1%, the yield of the liquid is 48.6% and the yield of the solid is 31.3%.
Table 1 shows the results of all experiments and the average values of examples 2 and 3, the experimental conditions of examples 2 and 3 are the same,
the data in table 1 show that the gas yield increased by 6.1%, the liquid yield increased by 12.4%, and the solids yield decreased by 22.7% for comparative example 2, example 3.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only some of the preferred modes for implementing the invention, and not all of them. Obviously, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) red mud pretreatment: grinding solid NaOH and red mud together according to the mass ratio of 1.5:1 to obtain uniformly mixed solid particles;
(2) removing Fe element from the solid particles obtained in the step (1) through high-temperature roasting, crushing, water adding, magnetic stirring and vacuum filtration to obtain a yellow-green solution rich in Si and Al elements;
the high-temperature baking is to place the solid particles obtained in the step (1) in a 25ml crucible, send the crucible into a muffle furnace, raise the temperature from room temperature to 500 ℃, and preserve the temperature for 35min to obtain dark green solid blocks;
the crushing is to crush and grind the dark green solid block to below 20 meshes to obtain dark green powdery particles;
adding deionized water into the water, putting the deionized water and the dark green powdery particles into a beaker, adding 20ml of deionized water into the beaker every time 1g of the dark green powdery particles are added to obtain a reddish brown suspension, and standing the suspension to obtain dark green upper-layer liquid;
the magnetic stirring is to stir the red-brown suspension for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 300r/min to fully dissolve Al and Si elements in the suspension and enable Fe element to be Fe (OH)3Precipitation in the form of (1);
the vacuum filtration is to stir the reddish brown suspension for 2h, then the liquid mixture is slowly drained through a glass rod, and under the action of vacuum filtration, mud, dust and Fe (OH) in the liquid mixture are removed3Precipitating solid impuritiesObtaining a yellow-green solution rich in Si and Al elements;
(3) baking the yellow-green solution rich in Si and Al elements obtained in the step (2), and performing vacuum filtration to finally obtain a solid red mud-based catalyst;
the baking is to place the obtained yellow-green solution rich in Si and Al elements in a reaction kettle, place the reaction kettle in an oven, and keep the temperature for 6 hours at 95 ℃ to ensure that the Si and Al elements are crystallized (Na)12Al12·Si12O48(H2O)27) Is precipitated;
and in the vacuum filtration, the obtained Si and Al element crystals are separated from liquid to obtain the required red mud-based catalyst.
2. The preparation method of the red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the red mud pretreatment of the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding the red mud to below 20 meshes;
(2) and (2) sending the red mud obtained by grinding in the step (1) into an oven, and baking for 12 hours at the temperature of 105 ℃.
3. The preparation method of the red mud-based catalyst for biomass pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the obtained red mud-based catalyst is placed in an oven, and is subjected to heat preservation at 65 ℃ for 12 hours, and the moisture in the red mud-based catalyst is dried without damaging the molecular structure of the red mud-based catalyst, so that a finished red mud-based catalyst is obtained.
4. The use of the red mud-based catalyst prepared according to claims 1 to 3 in biomass pyrolysis, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: the biomass used for biomass pyrolysis is corn straw, and the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the biomass is 1: 3, electrically heating, taking the average value of three experiments,
taking 1g of quartz sand crushed to below 20 meshes, weighing 3 times of biomass, namely 3g of biomass, taking a certain amount of quartz cotton to be padded on a sintering plate of a reaction tube, putting the weighed 1g of quartz sand on the quartz cotton, spreading, then taking a certain amount of quartz cotton to be padded on a red mud-based catalyst, putting 3g of the weighed biomass into the reaction tube, connecting a pipeline, checking the air tightness by using soapy water, ventilating for 3min by 100ml/min of nitrogen, turning on a power supply, starting a device, slowly heating the whole reaction device from room temperature to 600 ℃ at a heating speed of 60 ℃/min, staying for 20min,
and after the temperature of the whole pyrolysis reaction device is reduced to be below 80 ℃, closing the gas path, collecting and weighing the liquid, the gas and the residual solid obtained by pyrolysis, wherein the yield of the finally obtained gas is 20.3%, the yield of the liquid is 49.6% and the yield of the solid is 30.1%.
5. The use of the red mud-based catalyst prepared according to claims 1 to 3 in biomass pyrolysis, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: the biomass used for biomass pyrolysis is corn straw, and the mass ratio of the red mud-based catalyst to the biomass is 1: 3, infrared heating, taking the average value of three experiments,
weighing 1g of prepared red mud-based catalyst, weighing 3 times of biomass, namely 3g of biomass, placing a certain amount of quartz cotton on a sintering plate of a reaction tube, placing the weighed 1g of red mud-based catalyst on the quartz cotton, spreading, placing a certain amount of quartz cotton on the red mud-based catalyst, placing the weighed 3g of biomass into the reaction tube, connecting the reaction tube, checking the air tightness by using soapy water, ventilating for 3min by 100ml/min of nitrogen, turning on a power supply, starting a device, slowly heating the whole reaction device from room temperature to 600 ℃ at a heating speed of 60 ℃/min, staying for 20min,
and after the temperature of the whole pyrolysis reaction device is reduced to be below 80 ℃, closing a gas path, collecting liquid, gas and residual solid obtained by pyrolysis, and weighing to finally obtain the gas yield of 21.2%, the liquid yield of 54.9% and the solid yield of 23.9%.
6. The application of the red mud-based catalyst in biomass pyrolysis according to claim 4, wherein the electrical heating comprises the following connection modes: the gas outlet of the gas cylinder is connected with the upper gas inlet of the electric heating device through a gas guide tube, the lower gas outlet of the electric heating device is connected with the gas inlet of the left upper part of the condenser through a gas guide tube, the gas outlet of the right upper part of the condenser is connected with the gas inlet of the left upper part of the gas washing bottle, the right gas outlet of the gas washing bottle is connected with the gas inlet of the left part of the gas flowmeter through a gas guide tube, the gas outlet of the right part of the gas flowmeter is connected with the gas bag through a gas guide.
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