CN113037509B - Serial communication method and electric energy meter applying same - Google Patents
Serial communication method and electric energy meter applying same Download PDFInfo
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- CN113037509B CN113037509B CN202110166847.7A CN202110166847A CN113037509B CN 113037509 B CN113037509 B CN 113037509B CN 202110166847 A CN202110166847 A CN 202110166847A CN 113037509 B CN113037509 B CN 113037509B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/12—Arrangements for remote connection or disconnection of substations or of equipment thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
Abstract
The invention relates to a serial communication method, a master device sends a wake-up instruction to a slave device to wake up a state machine in the slave device; the method comprises the steps that a state machine in slave equipment receives a sequence sent by main equipment, when the sequence is an encryption operation sequence, the state machine in the slave equipment opens a decryption function and an encryption function, a first instruction to be sent is encrypted and sent in the main equipment, the state machine in the slave equipment decrypts the received encrypted first instruction to obtain the first instruction, and in addition, data in the slave equipment is encrypted and then the encrypted data is transmitted to the main equipment; and when the command is not an encryption operation sequence, the master device directly sends a second command to the slave device, and the state machine of the slave device controls the slave device to execute the command after receiving the second command of the master device. Also discloses an electric energy meter which is communicated with external equipment by applying the method. The communication method reduces the equipment cost, has flexible state machine processing mechanism, is convenient for the on-site operation and maintenance of products, and improves the difficulty of information stealing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a serial communication method and an electric energy meter applying the same.
Background
Most electric meter module manufacturers in the market at present adopt serial ports to communicate with an MCU (microprogrammed control unit), and the MCU outputs specific parameters and configuration in the module operation process through the serial ports, but the interaction mode is slow and unsafe, and is easy to steal and crack, thus the business confidentiality is leaked, the core competitiveness of a product is lost, the use risk of a user is increased, and irreparable loss is caused.
If Chinese utility model patent with application number CN201620683707.1 (No. CN205787091U) discloses a simulation electric energy meter for fee control function detection of interactive terminal, which comprises a serial server, a storage device for storing fee control function operation function, and a plurality of safety encryption chips; the serial server is connected with an upper computer of the fee control function detection device through a serial interface, the serial server is further connected with the storage device and the safety encryption chips, and the safety encryption chips are further connected with the corresponding fee control interaction terminals one by one when detection is carried out. The fee control interactive terminal performs information security authentication and information encryption interaction with the fee control electric energy meter through the security encryption chip, but each fee control interactive terminal needs the corresponding security encryption chip to realize security encryption, the security encryption hardware structure needs more chips, the cost is high, and the hardware structure is easy to break down, so that further improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a serial communication method that does not require an additional hardware structure and has a flexible communication processing mechanism, in view of the current situation of the prior art.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electric energy meter for communicating with an external device by applying the above serial communication method, aiming at the current situation of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the first technical problem is as follows: a serial communication method is used for realizing communication between a master device and a slave device, the master device and the slave device are connected through a serial interface, and the serial communication method is characterized in that: the slave equipment is provided with a state machine, and the state machine in the slave equipment is in a dormant state during initialization;
the serial communication method comprises the following steps:
step 1, the master device sends an awakening instruction to the slave device so as to awaken a state machine in a dormant state in the slave device, wherein the state machine after awakening is in an idle state;
step 2, the master device sends a sequence to the slave device, wherein the sequence is an encryption operation sequence or a non-encryption operation sequence;
step 3, receiving the sequence from the state machine in the equipment, judging whether the sequence is an encryption operation sequence, if so, opening a decryption function and an encryption function by the state machine in the equipment, and turning to step 4; if not, the step 7 is carried out;
step 4, encrypting the first instruction to be sent in the master device, and then sending the encrypted first instruction to a state machine of the slave device by the master device;
step 5, the state machine in the slave equipment decrypts the received encrypted first instruction to obtain a first instruction;
step 6, judging whether the first instruction is a data transmission instruction, if so, encrypting the data to be transmitted in the first instruction by the slave equipment, transmitting the encrypted data to the master equipment, and turning to step 8; if not, the slave device directly executes the first instruction, generates a first reply frame after the slave device completes the execution of the first instruction, encrypts the first reply frame and sends the encrypted first reply frame to the master device, and goes to step 8;
step 7, the master device directly sends a second instruction to the state machine of the slave device, the state machine of the slave device directly executes the second instruction after receiving the second instruction of the master device, and the slave device generates a second reply frame and directly sends the second reply frame to the master device after finishing executing the second instruction;
and 8, completing one communication work between the master equipment and the slave equipment.
In order to enable the master device to simultaneously select slave devices to be communicated from a plurality of slave devices, where at least two slave devices are provided, before step 1, the method further includes: the wake-up command sent by the master device to the slave device also comprises the address of the slave device to be communicated, and only the slave device matched with the address of the slave device to be communicated can communicate with the master device.
The first instruction in the step 4 and the second instruction in the step 7 at least comprise a data transmission instruction and a slave device configuration instruction.
Preferably, the first instruction in step 4 and the second instruction in step 7 include a slave device configuration instruction, a read/write register instruction, a read/write FLASH operation instruction, a data transmission instruction, and a control state machine sleep instruction.
Further, the steps 6 and 7 further include the following steps in the process of the slave device executing the current command:
step a, judging whether the slave equipment receives a next instruction in the process of executing the current command operation, if so, continuing to execute the current instruction, clearing the current instruction after the current instruction operation is finished, then executing the next instruction, and continuing the judgment in the step a; if not, clearing the current instruction after the slave equipment finishes executing the current command operation, and turning to the step b;
b, the state machine of the slave equipment is in an idle state, whether the state machine of the slave equipment receives a next instruction within preset time is judged, and if yes, the next instruction is executed; if not, the state machine is converted into a dormant state.
In this embodiment, in step 6 and step 7, when the first instruction or the second instruction is an instruction for switching the state machine to the sleep state, the state machine of the slave device is directly switched to the sleep state.
In order to set the encryption degree of different information, the step 3 further comprises: when the sequence received by the slave device is an encryption operation sequence, the encryption level N is set to 2 by the slave device.
Preferably, the encryption level N is 5.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the second technical problem is as follows: the utility model provides an electric energy meter, includes MCU, MCU is connected with peripheral equipment through serial bus, its characterized in that: the MCU is communicated with the external equipment through the serial communication method, and the state machine is arranged in the MCU.
Preferably, the external device is a palm machine, a terminal or a master station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the communication method improves the safety protection measures of the module by designing a link layer protocol and a software state machine on the basis of the existing hardware so as to realize the safe and quick communication between the module and the external equipment. Therefore, the communication method can realize the interaction safety of the module and the external equipment without additionally designing a hardware circuit, simplifies the hardware structure, reduces the equipment cost, has a flexible state machine processing mechanism, is convenient for the on-site operation and maintenance of products, and improves the information stealing difficulty.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hardware block diagram of an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a serial communication method between two devices in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the master device and the slave device are connected via a serial interface, and in order to implement communication between the master device and the slave device, a state machine is provided in the slave device in this embodiment, and the state machine in the slave device is in a sleep state during initialization; as in 1, the hardware interface between the master device and the slave device is: the system comprises a clock interface SCLK, a state machine starting interface SCE, a serial input interface SIO _ I and a serial output interface SIO _ O, wherein the interfaces of the master equipment send different operation instructions to the slave equipment, so that the state machines in the slave equipment are in different states, and a safety unlocking mechanism between the master equipment and the slave equipment in an initial stage is realized.
The serial communication method disclosed in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1, the master device sends a wake-up instruction to the slave device to wake up a state machine in a dormant state in the slave device, and the state machine after wake-up is in an idle state;
step 2, the master device sends a sequence to the slave device, wherein the sequence is an encryption operation sequence or a non-encryption operation sequence;
step 3, receiving the sequence from the state machine in the equipment, judging whether the sequence is an encryption operation sequence, if so, opening a decryption function and an encryption function by the state machine in the equipment, and turning to step 4; if not, the step 7 is carried out;
the steps further include: when the sequence received by the slave device is an encryption operation sequence, setting an encryption level N by selecting the slave device, wherein N > is 2; in this embodiment, the encryption level N is 5, that is, different encryption levels may be set according to different encryption requirements;
step 4, encrypting the first instruction to be sent in the master device, and then sending the encrypted first instruction to a state machine of the slave device by the master device;
step 5, the state machine in the slave equipment decrypts the received encrypted first instruction to obtain a first instruction;
step 6, judging whether the first instruction is a data transmission instruction, if so, encrypting the data to be transmitted in the first instruction by the slave equipment, transmitting the encrypted data to the master equipment, and turning to step 8; if not, the slave device directly executes the first instruction, generates a first reply frame after the slave device completes the execution of the first instruction, encrypts the first reply frame and sends the encrypted first reply frame to the master device, and goes to step 8;
step 7, the master device directly sends a second instruction to the state machine of the slave device, the state machine of the slave device directly executes the second instruction after receiving the second instruction of the master device, and the slave device generates a second reply frame and directly sends the second reply frame to the master device after finishing executing the second instruction;
and 8, completing one communication work between the master equipment and the slave equipment.
The above only refers to the case that there is one slave device, but in practice there are at least two slave devices, so step 1 includes: the wake-up command sent by the master device to the slave device also comprises the address of the slave device to be communicated, and only the slave device matched with the address of the slave device to be communicated can communicate with the master device.
The first instruction in step 4 and the second instruction in step 7 at least include a data transmission instruction and a slave device configuration instruction. In this embodiment, the first instruction in step 4 and the second instruction in step 7 preferably include a slave device configuration instruction, a read/write register instruction, a read/write FLASH operation instruction, a data transmission instruction, and a control state machine sleep instruction. Of course, other internal processing instructions may be included;
in addition, the steps 6 and 7 further include the following steps in the process of the slave device executing the current command:
step a, judging whether the slave equipment receives a next instruction in the process of executing the current command operation, if so, continuing to execute the current instruction, clearing the current instruction after the current instruction operation is finished, then executing the next instruction, and continuing the judgment in the step a; if not, clearing the current instruction after the slave equipment finishes executing the current command operation, and turning to the step b;
b, the state machine of the slave equipment is in an idle state, whether the state machine of the slave equipment receives a next instruction within preset time is judged, and if yes, the next instruction is executed; if not, the state machine is converted into a dormant state.
In addition, when the first instruction or the second instruction is an instruction for the state machine to transition to the sleep state in steps 6 and 7, the state machine of the slave device directly transitions to the sleep state.
According to the communication method, other hardware structures are not needed on the basis of the original hardware interface, the interaction between the master equipment and the slave equipment is realized through software, the occupied resources are less, and the deficient storage resources of the embedded equipment are saved. In addition, the common protocol only has communication and transmission functions and does not have the capability of driving the slave device to operate, but in this embodiment, the state machine in the slave device can be driven to operate through the self-defined protocol, and after the communication starts, the master device enables the slave device to enter different states such as sleep, encryption, decryption, internal processing, data transmission and the like by sending different instruction operations, so that security mechanisms such as handshaking, unlocking and the like between the master device and the slave device in the initial stage are realized.
As an application, the electric energy meter comprises an MCU, wherein the MCU is connected with external equipment through a serial bus, the MCU and the external equipment are communicated through the serial communication method, and a state machine is arranged in the MCU. The external device is typically a palm top, a terminal or a master station.
An SPI interface is reserved in an MCU of the electric energy meter, and an SPI protocol is a high-speed, full-duplex and synchronous serial communication bus. In order to improve the universality of a communication interface, data transmission of a master device and a slave device is synchronized, the hardware design cost of the slave device is reduced, and the existing MCU resources are used as much as possible, so that the physical layer adopts an SPI interface, and pins are redefined according to the current functions.
When a master station is connected with a plurality of electric energy meters through a serial interface, a wake-up instruction with an address of the electric energy meter to be communicated is sent to the electric energy meters through the master station, so that the electric energy meters matched with the address communicate with the master station, then encrypted communication or non-encrypted communication is agreed between the master station and the electric energy meters, the electric energy meters execute the command according to the agreed condition, and particularly, the communication safety between the electric energy meters and the master station is ensured when the master station and the electric energy meters perform encrypted communication.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A serial communication method is used for realizing communication between a master device and a slave device, the master device and the slave device are connected through a serial interface, and the serial communication method is characterized in that: the slave equipment is provided with a state machine, and the state machine in the slave equipment is in a dormant state during initialization;
the serial communication method comprises the following steps:
step 1, the master device sends a wake-up instruction to the slave device to wake up a state machine in a dormant state in the slave device, and the state machine after wake-up is in an idle state;
step 2, the master device sends a sequence to the slave device, wherein the sequence is an encryption operation sequence or a non-encryption operation sequence;
step 3, receiving the sequence from the state machine in the equipment, judging whether the sequence is an encryption operation sequence, if so, opening a decryption function and an encryption function by the state machine in the equipment, and turning to step 4; if not, the step 7 is carried out;
step 4, encrypting the first instruction to be sent in the master device, and then sending the encrypted first instruction to a state machine of the slave device by the master device;
step 5, the state machine in the slave equipment decrypts the received encrypted first instruction to obtain a first instruction;
step 6, judging whether the first instruction is a data transmission instruction, if so, encrypting the data to be transmitted in the first instruction by the slave equipment, transmitting the encrypted data to the master equipment, and turning to step 8; if not, the slave device directly executes the first instruction, generates a first reply frame after the slave device completes the execution of the first instruction, encrypts the first reply frame and sends the encrypted first reply frame to the master device, and goes to step 8;
step 7, the master device directly sends a second instruction to the state machine of the slave device, the state machine of the slave device directly executes the second instruction after receiving the second instruction of the master device, and the slave device generates a second reply frame and directly sends the second reply frame to the master device after finishing executing the second instruction;
and 8, completing one communication work between the master equipment and the slave equipment.
2. The serial communication method according to claim 1, wherein: at least two slave devices are provided, and the method further comprises the following step 1: the wake-up command sent by the master device to the slave device also comprises the address of the slave device to be communicated, and only the slave device matched with the address of the slave device to be communicated can communicate with the master device.
3. The serial communication method according to claim 1, wherein: the first instruction in the step 4 and the second instruction in the step 7 at least comprise a data transmission instruction and a slave device configuration instruction.
4. The serial communication method according to claim 3, wherein: the first instruction in the step 4 and the second instruction in the step 7 both include a slave device configuration instruction, a read-write register instruction, a read-write FLASH operation instruction, a data transmission instruction, and a control state machine sleep instruction.
5. The serial communication method according to claim 1, wherein: the steps 6 and 7 further include the following steps in the process of the slave device executing the current command:
step a, judging whether the slave equipment receives a next instruction in the process of executing the current command operation, if so, continuing to execute the current instruction, clearing the current instruction after the current instruction operation is finished, immediately executing the next instruction, and continuing the judgment in the step a; if not, clearing the current instruction after the slave equipment finishes executing the current command operation, and turning to the step b;
b, the state machine of the slave equipment is in an idle state, whether the state machine of the slave equipment receives a next instruction within preset time is judged, and if yes, the next instruction is executed; if not, the state machine is converted into a dormant state.
6. The serial communication method according to claim 5, wherein: when the first instruction or the second instruction in the step 6 and the step 7 is an instruction for converting the state machine into the sleep state, the state machine of the slave device is directly converted into the sleep state.
7. The serial communication method according to claim 1, wherein: the step 3 further comprises: when the sequence received by the slave device is an encryption operation sequence, the encryption level N is set to 2 by the slave device.
8. The serial communication method according to claim 7, wherein: the encryption level N is 5.
9. The utility model provides an electric energy meter, includes MCU, MCU is connected with peripheral equipment through serial bus, its characterized in that: the MCU and the external equipment are communicated through the serial communication method according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, and the state machine is arranged in the MCU.
10. The electrical energy meter of claim 9, wherein: the external equipment is a palm machine, a terminal or a master station.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110166847.7A CN113037509B (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Serial communication method and electric energy meter applying same |
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| CN202110166847.7A CN113037509B (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Serial communication method and electric energy meter applying same |
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