CN113036306A - Silicon-doped lithium supplement technical scheme and assembly method of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Silicon-doped lithium supplement technical scheme and assembly method of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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Abstract
The invention provides a technical scheme for supplementing lithium by doping silicon and an assembly method of a lithium ion battery thereof, relating to the technical field of lithium batteries. The technical scheme of the silicon-doped lithium supplement specifically comprises the following steps: preparation of modified open-cell hard carbon (MHC): according to the mass ratio of 8: 1: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1: 3 adding concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, polyethylene glycol 400, aminopropanol, absolute ethyl alcohol and hard carbon into a stirring container respectively, keeping the environment at 0 ℃, and stirring for about 15-20 minutes until the solution is viscous; washing the viscous solution with deionized water until the pH of the solution is 6 +/-0.5, drying at 100 ℃, and finally treating at 300-350 ℃ for 24h to obtain MHC. The invention can replenish the irreversible lithium ion consumed by the first charging, and the service life of the lithium battery is greatly prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a technical scheme of doping silicon and supplementing lithium and an assembly method of a lithium ion battery.
Background
With the innovation and development of new energy automobiles facing carbon neutralization, 2020 is a year of peak-to-loop transfer in the new energy automobile industry, and is also a mark year of successful acceptance of planning of the new energy automobiles 2012 and 2020, and the new energy automobiles are a transition year from policy drive to market drive. The transformation from industrial political operation to company commercial operation is that the application field of the lithium ion battery is more and more extensive, the application scenes are more and more, the requirement on the high-performance lithium ion battery is more and more high, the core technology of the lithium battery is also the lithium battery material, and the innovation of the battery material needs to balance the contradictory performance indexes of specific energy, cycle life, high power, high safety, low cost and the like.
The energy of the lithium battery anode material is difficult to greatly improve at present, the graphite anode material has a large improving space at present, and the silicon-based anode material has a gram capacity which is approximately 10 times higher than that of the graphite anode material, and can play an important role in the lithium battery with higher energy density. However, the electrode using the commercial silicon-based material as the negative electrode can generate larger volume expansion in the charging and discharging processes, so that the active substance falls off and the cycle performance is reduced, the current improvement mode mainly comprises the nanocrystallization, carbon coating, doping modification and compounding of the silicon-based material and graphite or hard carbon material, the research depth and the research breadth of the material are higher and higher, but the industrialization stage of the terminal is not reached all the time, the modification in each aspect needs to be balanced to a certain level, and the use requirement of the lithium ion battery in the whole life cycle is met.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a technical scheme of doping silicon and supplementing lithium and an assembly method of a lithium ion battery thereof, and solves the problem of irreversible lithium ion consumption in the first charging.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a technical scheme for doping silicon and supplementing lithium specifically comprises the following steps:
preparing modified open-cell hard carbon (MHC): according to the mass ratio of 8: 1: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1: 3 adding concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, polyethylene glycol 400, aminopropanol, absolute ethyl alcohol and hard carbon into a stirring container respectively, keeping the environment at 0 ℃, and stirring for about 15-20 minutes until the solution is viscous; washing the viscous solution with deionized water until the pH of the solution is 6 +/-0.5, drying at 100 ℃, and finally treating at 300-350 ℃ for 24h to obtain MHC;
step two: material assembly and high-toughness carbon-coated film treatment of SNW and MHC: according to the mass ratio of 8:12, carrying out strong mechanical stirring fusion on the SNW and the MHC under the vacuum condition for 45-60 minutes to obtain a compound of the SNW and the MHC; SNW and MHC complexes, single-walled carbon nanotube-SWCNT (0.65% wt) and CMC (0.35% wt) complex solution, aniline, sucrose were mixed according to 96: 2: 1: 1, the solid content of the solution is 15-20%, stirring for 60-90 minutes, spray drying at 180 ℃, calcining for 120 minutes at 400-450 ℃ under the argon condition, and obtaining the high-toughness carbon-coated SNW and MHC compound;
step three: preparation of prelithiatable separator (PLS): according to the mass ratio of 70: 15: dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride-PVDF, polyethylene oxide-PEO, Li2CO3 and the like in a solution of N-methylpyrrolidone-NMP and anhydrous acetonitrile (mass ratio-NMP: anhydrous acetonitrile =8: 2), wherein the solid content is 20-25%, stirring in vacuum for 120 minutes, then uniformly coating the slurry on the front and back surfaces of a high-Porosity Polypropylene (PP) base film by using a diaphragm coating device, and obtaining the pre-lithiated diaphragm-PLS, wherein the coating thickness after drying is about 2-3 mu m.
Preferably, in the step one, the concentrated sulfuric acid and the hydrogen peroxide can be combined with the hard carbon material and inserted into gaps of a carbon layer of the hard carbon material, the polyethylene glycol 400, the aminopropanol and the absolute ethyl alcohol can promote dispersion of the material and regulation of porosity, so that the hard carbon material can obtain uniform and stable carbon layer spacing and a porous structure, the control condition of the PH is also to control the opening degree of the hard carbon material, the smaller the PH is, the larger the opening degree is, and the thermal treatment at 300-.
Preferably, in the second step, the strong mechanical stirring fusion of the SNW and the MHC can enable the SNW to be well embedded and intercalated into a porous structure of the MHC, and can also enable the SNW and the MHC to be well and uniformly compounded together; the coating of the single-walled carbon nanotube-SWCNT (0.65 wt%) and CMC (0.35 wt%) composite solution can not only improve the conductivity of the electrode material, but also improve the toughness of the coating layer, resist the risk of structural collapse caused by material expansion, reduce the direct contact between the material and the electrolyte by the secondary coating of aniline and sucrose, and reduce the occurrence of side reactions.
Preferably, the PP-based membrane with high porosity in the third step can create conditions for high lithium ion flux, PVDF and PEO can enhance the adhesion between the pole piece and the diaphragm, reduce the gap between the pole piece and the diaphragm, provide a buffer space for the expansion of the pole piece to a certain extent, and improve the liquid retention capacity and the ion transmission capacity, while Li2CO3Prelithiation can be provided to replenish irreversible lithium ions consumed by the first charge of SNW and MHC materials.
A method for assembling a lithium ion battery comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a negative pole piece, wherein the mass ratio of the negative pole composite active material is SNW to MHC: AG =8:12:80, and the material ratio of the negative pole slurry is that the negative pole composite active material: SP: PVDF = 94.5%: 2%: 3.5 percent, respectively adding the negative electrode composite active material, SP and PVDF according to the mass ratio, dry-mixing for 15-20 minutes, adding a certain amount of NMP, controlling the solid content of the slurry to be 45-50 percent, and slowly stirring for later use after stirring for 140 minutes; obtaining a negative pole piece after coating, cold pressing, die cutting and stripping in sequence;
step two: preparing a positive pole piece, wherein the material proportion of positive pole slurry is Li (Ni)0.8Co0.1Mn0.1) O2: SP: CNT: PVDF = 94.5%: 3.5%: 0.5%: 1.5 percent, respectively adding Li (Ni) according to the mass ratio0.8Co0.1Mn0.1) O2, SP, CNT and PVDF, adding a certain amount of NMP, controlling the solid content of the slurry to be 60-65%, stirring for 120-140 minutes, and slowly stirring for later use; sequentially carrying out coating, cold pressing, die cutting and stripping to obtain a positive pole piece;
assembling the battery: and (3) taking the pre-lithiated diaphragm-PLS obtained by the invention as a diaphragm, matching with the pole pieces in the first step and the second step to complete the assembly of the battery by winding, hot pressing, Hi-Pot, welding, assembling, baking, injecting liquid, standing, forming, aging, measuring the capacity, measuring the K and packaging, thus obtaining the high-energy-density lithium ion battery.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a technical scheme of doping silicon and supplementing lithium and an assembly method of a lithium ion battery thereof. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the preparation process of the SNW, MHC and AG composite anode comprises the steps of hard carbon opening treatment, SNW and MHC material assembly, high-toughness carbon coating film treatment and SNW, MHC and AG composite anode preparation, wherein the hard carbon opening treatment can provide a space for the fusion of silicon nanowires and reserve a space for the expansion of silicon generated by charging and discharging in the whole life cycle of a battery, and the hard carbon opening treatment method comprises the thermal excitation treatment of a surfactant (polyethylene glycol 400, aminopropanol, absolute ethyl alcohol), an oxidant (hydrogen peroxide) and an intercalating agent (concentrated sulfuric acid); the SNW and MHC material assembly and the high-toughness carbon coating film treatment comprise strong fusion of the SNW and the MHC, so that the SNW is embedded into a porous space structure of the MHC, meanwhile, a composite solution of single-wall carbon nanotube-SWCNT (0.65% wt) and CMC (0.35% wt), aniline, sucrose and water are uniformly mixed with the composite of the SNW and the MHC, the mixture is subjected to spray drying and calcination, and finally, the SNW and MHC composite with the high-toughness carbon coating layer is obtained; the mass ratio of three materials in the preparation of the SNW, MHC and AG composite anode is SNW: MHC: AG =8:12:80, the higher gram capacity (SNW-3600mAh/g, MHC-450 mAh/g) of the SNW and MHC materials can improve the energy density of the battery, the MHC has excellent rate performance and can improve the low-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery, the AG has good processing performance and compaction density, and the high performance advantage can be realized by the compounding of the SNW, the MHC and the AG. Wherein the prelithiation diaphragm (PLS) comprises a high Porosity Polypropylene (PP) based membrane that can create conditions for high lithium ion flux and organic and inorganic prelithiation coatings of polyvinylidene fluoride-PVDF, polyethylene oxidePEO, lithium salt (not restricted to Li)2CO3Etc.), wherein PVDF and PEO can enhance the adhesion of the pole piece and the diaphragm, reduce the gap between the pole piece and the diaphragm and also can provide a buffer space for the expansion of the pole piece to a certain extent, and Li2CO3 can provide prelithiation to supplement irreversible lithium ions consumed by the first charging. The lithium ion battery is a high-energy-density lithium ion battery assembled by using the composite anode material as an anode main material, Li (Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1) O2 as a cathode material, a pre-lithiation diaphragm as a diaphragm and a long-life electrolyte.
2. The silicon-doped lithium supplementing technology and the high-energy-density lithium ion battery can solve the current industrial bottleneck of the silicon-carbon cathode, can make up for the performance defect of the silicon-carbon cathode, and can provide a solution for the high-energy-density lithium ion battery. The opening puffing treatment of the hard carbon material and the assembly of SNW and MHC can reserve a space for expansion generated by charging and discharging silicon in the whole life cycle of the battery, solve the problems of pole piece pulverization, pole piece stress concentration and electric performance deterioration caused by uneven distribution of the porosity of the pole piece due to repeated expansion and contraction of a silicon-carbon negative electrode, and greatly improve the low-temperature performance and the power performance of the battery due to the isotropy, the porous structure and the larger interlayer spacing of the hard carbon material; the high-toughness carbon coating film made of the SNW and MHC materials can greatly avoid direct contact of the SNW and the MHC with electrolyte, reduce side reactions and improve the first effect, and meanwhile, the high-toughness carbon coating film contains the single-walled carbon nanotube, so that the contact resistance between particles can be reduced, and the electron transmission speed is improved. The organic and inorganic pre-lithium coatings in the pre-lithiated separator (PLS) can improve lithium ion flux, enhance high adhesion between the pole piece and the separator, provide a buffer space for expansion of the pole piece, and provide replenishment for irreversible lithium ions consumed during first charging. The invention can create conditions for the industrial use of silicon-carbon cathode materials and the reliability of the high-energy-density lithium ion battery, can also provide a solution for the difficulty in charging and discharging the current lithium ion battery at low temperature, and can be used for long endurance, high power and normal charging and discharging at low temperature of a new energy automobile to protect driving.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the assembly of a high toughness carbon coated SNW and MHC material of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the first coulombic efficiency of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the cycle performance of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the capacity retention at-30 ℃ in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution for doping silicon and supplementing lithium, which specifically includes the following steps:
preparing modified open-cell hard carbon (MHC): according to the mass ratio of 8: 1: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1: 3 adding concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, polyethylene glycol 400, aminopropanol, absolute ethyl alcohol and hard carbon into a stirring container respectively, keeping the environment at 0 ℃, and stirring for about 15 minutes until the solution is viscous; washing the viscous solution with deionized water until the pH of the solution is 6 + -0.5, drying at 100 deg.C, and treating at 300 deg.C for 24 hr to obtain MHC;
step two: material assembly and high-toughness carbon-coated film treatment of SNW and MHC: according to the mass ratio of 8:12, carrying out strong mechanical stirring fusion on the SNW and the MHC under the vacuum condition for 45 minutes to obtain a compound of the SNW and the MHC; SNW and MHC complexes, single-walled carbon nanotube-SWCNT (0.65% wt) and CMC (0.35% wt) complex solution, aniline, sucrose were mixed according to 96: 2: 1: 1 in deionized water, wherein the solid content of the solution is 15%, stirring for 60 minutes, spray-drying at 180 ℃, and calcining at 400 ℃ for 120 minutes under argon to obtain the high-toughness carbon-coated SNW and MHC compound;
step three: preparation of prelithiatable separator (PLS): according to the mass ratio of 70: 15: 15 dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride-PVDF, polyethylene oxide-PEO, Li2CO3 and the like in a solution of N-methyl pyrrolidone-NMP and anhydrous acetonitrile (mass ratio-NMP: anhydrous acetonitrile =8: 2), wherein the solid content is 20%, stirring in vacuum for 120 minutes, then uniformly coating the slurry on the front and back surfaces of a high-Porosity Polypropylene (PP) base film by using a diaphragm coating device, and obtaining the pre-lithiation diaphragm-PLS of the invention, wherein the coating thickness after drying is about 2 mu m.
In the first step, concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide can be combined with the hard carbon material and inserted into gaps of a carbon layer of the hard carbon material, polyethylene glycol 400, aminopropanol and absolute ethyl alcohol can promote dispersion and porosity regulation of the material, so that the hard carbon material can obtain uniform and stable carbon layer spacing and a porous structure, the control condition of the pH is also used for controlling the opening degree of the hard carbon material, the smaller the pH is, the larger the opening degree is, and the thermal treatment at 300 ℃ can enable concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide to be oxidized and decomposed to generate gas, so that the hard carbon material can be opened in layer spacing and obtain more porous structures.
In the second step, the strong mechanical stirring and fusion of the SNW and the MHC can ensure that the SNW is better embedded and intercalated into a porous structure of the MHC, and the SNW and the MHC can also be better and uniformly compounded together; the coating of the single-walled carbon nanotube-SWCNT (0.65 wt%) and CMC (0.35 wt%) composite solution can not only improve the conductivity of the electrode material, but also improve the toughness of the coating layer, resist the risk of structural collapse caused by material expansion, reduce the direct contact between the material and the electrolyte by the secondary coating of aniline and sucrose, and reduce the occurrence of side reactions.
The high-porosity PP basal membrane in the third step can create conditions for high lithium ion flux, PVDF and PEO can enhance the adhesion of the pole piece and the diaphragm, reduce the gap between the pole piece and the diaphragm, also can provide buffer space for the expansion of the pole piece to a certain extent, and simultaneously improve the liquid retention capacity and the ion transmission capacity, and Li2CO3Prelithiation can be provided to replenish irreversible lithium ions consumed by the first charge of SNW and MHC materials.
A method for assembling a lithium ion battery comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a negative pole piece, wherein the mass ratio of the negative pole composite active material is SNW to MHC: AG =8:12:80, and the material ratio of the negative pole slurry is that the negative pole composite active material: SP: PVDF = 94.5%: 2%: 3.5 percent, respectively adding the negative electrode composite active material, SP and PVDF according to the mass ratio, dry-mixing for 15 minutes, adding a certain amount of NMP, controlling the solid content of the slurry to be 45 percent, and slowly stirring for later use after stirring for 120 minutes; obtaining a negative pole piece after coating, cold pressing, die cutting and stripping in sequence;
step two: preparing a positive pole piece, wherein the material proportion of positive pole slurry is Li (Ni)0.8Co0.1Mn0.1) O2: SP: CNT: PVDF = 94.5%: 3.5%: 0.5%: 1.5 percent, respectively adding Li (Ni) according to the mass ratio0.8Co0.1Mn0.1) Adding a certain amount of NMP into O2, SP, CNT and PVDF, controlling the solid content of the slurry to be 60%, and stirring for 120 minutes and then slowly stirring for later use; sequentially carrying out coating, cold pressing, die cutting and stripping to obtain a positive pole piece;
assembling the battery: and (3) taking the pre-lithiated diaphragm-PLS obtained by the invention as a diaphragm, matching with the pole pieces in the first step and the second step to complete the assembly of the battery by winding, hot pressing, Hi-Pot, welding, assembling, baking, injecting liquid, standing, forming, aging, measuring the capacity, measuring the K and packaging, thus obtaining the high-energy-density lithium ion battery.
Electrical performance testing and data collection:
(1) the first coulombic efficiency calculation: extracting the formation and the charge-discharge capacity of the capacity of a single battery, and calculating the first coulombic efficiency-ICE of each battery;
(2) and (3) testing the cycle performance: charging to 4.2V at the rate of 1C, stopping current of constant voltage charging to 0.05C, and discharging to 3.0V at the rate of 1C;
(3) and (3) low-temperature performance test: and charging to 4.2V at the rate of 1C at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, recording the charging capacity at the moment, discharging to 3.0V at the rate of 1C, recording the discharging capacity at the moment, and calculating the charge and discharge capacity retention rate of the battery at low temperature by comparing the charge and discharge capacity with the charge and discharge capacity at normal temperature.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A technical scheme for doping silicon and supplementing lithium is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing modified open-cell hard carbon (MHC): according to the mass ratio of 8: 1: 0.1: 0.1: 0.1: 3 adding concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, polyethylene glycol 400, aminopropanol, absolute ethyl alcohol and hard carbon into a stirring container respectively, keeping the environment at 0 ℃, and stirring for about 15-20 minutes until the solution is viscous; washing the viscous solution with deionized water until the pH of the solution is 6 +/-0.5, drying at 100 ℃, and finally treating at 300-350 ℃ for 24h to obtain MHC;
step two: material assembly and high-toughness carbon-coated film treatment of SNW and MHC: according to the mass ratio of 8:12, carrying out strong mechanical stirring fusion on the SNW and the MHC under the vacuum condition for 45-60 minutes to obtain a compound of the SNW and the MHC; SNW and MHC complexes, single-walled carbon nanotube-SWCNT (0.65% wt) and CMC (0.35% wt) complex solution, aniline, sucrose were mixed according to 96: 2: 1: 1, the solid content of the solution is 15-20%, stirring for 60-90 minutes, spray drying at 180 ℃, calcining for 120 minutes at 400-450 ℃ under the argon condition, and obtaining the high-toughness carbon-coated SNW and MHC compound;
step three: preparation of prelithiatable separator (PLS): according to the mass ratio of 70: 15: dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride-PVDF, polyethylene oxide-PEO, Li2CO3 and the like in a solution of N-methylpyrrolidone-NMP and anhydrous acetonitrile (mass ratio-NMP: anhydrous acetonitrile =8: 2), wherein the solid content is 20-25%, stirring in vacuum for 120 minutes, then uniformly coating the slurry on the front and back surfaces of a high-Porosity Polypropylene (PP) base film by using a diaphragm coating device, and obtaining the pre-lithiated diaphragm-PLS, wherein the coating thickness after drying is about 2-3 mu m.
2. The technical scheme and the assembly method of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide are combined with the hard carbon material and inserted into the gaps of the carbon layer of the hard carbon material in the step one, the polyethylene glycol 400, the aminopropanol and the absolute ethyl alcohol can promote the dispersion and the porosity control of the material, so that the hard carbon material can obtain uniform and stable carbon layer spacing and porous structure, the PH control condition is to control the opening degree of the hard carbon material, the smaller the PH, the larger the opening degree, and the thermal treatment at 300-350 ℃ can cause the oxidative decomposition of the concentrated sulfuric acid and the hydrogen peroxide to generate gas, thereby opening the layer spacing of the hard carbon material and obtaining more porous structures.
3. The technical scheme and the assembly method of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the strong mechanical agitation fusion of the SNW and the MHC can enable the SNW to be well inserted and intercalated into the porous structure of the MHC, and can also enable the SNW and the MHC to be well and uniformly composited together; the coating of the single-walled carbon nanotube-SWCNT (0.65 wt%) and CMC (0.35 wt%) composite solution can not only improve the conductivity of the electrode material, but also improve the toughness of the coating layer, resist the risk of structural collapse caused by material expansion, reduce the direct contact between the material and the electrolyte by the secondary coating of aniline and sucrose, and reduce the occurrence of side reactions.
4. The technical scheme and the assembly method of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the PP-based film with high porosity in the third step can create conditions for high lithium ion flux, PVDF and PEO can enhance the adhesion between the pole piece and the diaphragm, reduce the gap between the pole piece and the diaphragm and provide a buffer space for the expansion of the pole piece to a certain extent, and improve the liquid retention capacity and the ion transport capacity, and Li2CO3Prelithiation can be provided to replenish irreversible lithium ions consumed by the first charge of SNW and MHC materials.
5. The method for assembling the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a negative pole piece, wherein the mass ratio of the negative pole composite active material is SNW to MHC: AG =8:12:80, and the material ratio of the negative pole slurry is that the negative pole composite active material: SP: PVDF = 94.5%: 2%: 3.5 percent, respectively adding the negative electrode composite active material, SP and PVDF according to the mass ratio, dry-mixing for 15-20 minutes, adding a certain amount of NMP, controlling the solid content of the slurry to be 45-50 percent, and slowly stirring for later use after stirring for 140 minutes; obtaining a negative pole piece after coating, cold pressing, die cutting and stripping in sequence;
step two: preparing a positive pole piece, wherein the material proportion of positive pole slurry is Li (Ni)0.8Co0.1Mn0.1) O2: SP: CNT: PVDF = 94.5%: 3.5%: 0.5%: 1.5 percent, respectively adding Li (Ni) according to the mass ratio0.8Co0.1Mn0.1) O2, SP, CNT and PVDF, adding a certain amount of NMP, controlling the solid content of the slurry to be 60-65%, stirring for 120-140 minutes, and slowly stirring for later use; sequentially carrying out coating, cold pressing, die cutting and stripping to obtain a positive pole piece;
assembling the battery: and (3) taking the pre-lithiated diaphragm-PLS obtained by the invention as a diaphragm, matching with the pole pieces in the first step and the second step to complete the assembly of the battery by winding, hot pressing, Hi-Pot, welding, assembling, baking, injecting liquid, standing, forming, aging, measuring the capacity, measuring the K and packaging, thus obtaining the high-energy-density lithium ion battery.
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