CN113035449B - Preparation method of cable accessory stress cone and nonlinear composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of cable accessory stress cone and nonlinear composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113035449B CN113035449B CN202110253270.3A CN202110253270A CN113035449B CN 113035449 B CN113035449 B CN 113035449B CN 202110253270 A CN202110253270 A CN 202110253270A CN 113035449 B CN113035449 B CN 113035449B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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Abstract
The application provides a cable accessories stress cone and preparation method of nonlinear combined material, nonlinear coincidence material is used for preparing cable accessories stress cone, through the nonlinear inorganic filler with different filler contents, ethylene propylene rubber/carborundum/dicumyl peroxide combined material makes around the package strip promptly, the inside conductivity nonlinear parameter of strip is different, utilize gradient distribution to restrain the conductance loss, and can guarantee the effective regulation and control of electric stress, the method that provides in this application has solved traditional cable accessories and has adopted nonlinear resistance material in the heavier occasion of harmonic, the emergence is generated heat, and when the overvoltage appears in the outside, the problem of electric breakdown phenomenon appears easily.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of medium and high voltage cable lines, in particular to a preparation method of a cable accessory stress cone and a nonlinear composite material.
Background
For convenience of manufacture, installation and transportation, the medium-high voltage cable line is often formed by field installation based on a multi-section cable body, namely, the medium-high voltage cable line comprises two parts, namely a cable body and a cable accessory. The cable accessory mainly comprises a cable middle joint and a cable terminal. After the metal conductors are communicated, the cable accessories usually adopt multilayer solid media to recover the insulation structure of the cable body, which causes interface defects to occur easily and is also a weak link in the operation process of the cable.
In recent years, power failure accidents caused by cable accessories often occur, and high attention is paid to the power industry and the society. In order to solve the problem that partial discharge is easy to occur at the insulation weak point of the cable accessory, and further the insulation fault is caused, a special electric field stress control structure is arranged in the cable accessory to limit the concentrated electric field stress.
The existing electric field stress control method of the cable terminal adopts a nonlinear resistance material, such as a pressure-sensitive filler such as SiC or ZnO, and can limit the electric field energy within a certain range by increasing current based on the nonlinear change of the conductivity of the composite material. The nonlinear resistive material has a characteristic of having different resistance values for different voltages. When the voltage is relatively low, a larger resistance performance can occur; when the voltage is high, a smaller resistance performance is exhibited.
By adopting the nonlinear resistance material, a shorter stress control tube can be produced, so that the problem that the terminal cannot be applied to occasions with smaller space due to the high-dielectric-constant stress control tube adopted by the cable is solved. However, although such a nonlinear stress control tube has a compact structure, it has a problem of heat generation in a case where harmonics are heavy, and is liable to cause an electrical breakdown phenomenon when an overvoltage occurs externally.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a preparation method of a cable accessory stress cone and a nonlinear composite material, and aims to solve the problems that a traditional cable accessory adopts a nonlinear resistance material, generates heat on occasions with heavier harmonic waves, and is easy to have an electric breakdown phenomenon when overvoltage occurs at the outside.
The technical scheme adopted by the application for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a preparation method of a cable accessory stress cone comprises the following steps:
preparing a nonlinear composite material containing ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide, wherein the ethylene propylene rubber is T77 type ethylene propylene rubber;
preparing the mixed ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide nonlinear composite material into a film by using film preparation equipment, and preparing the ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide mixed film with different nonlinear conductivities by adjusting the mass parts of silicon carbide;
vulcanizing the mixed film by adopting vulcanizing equipment within different time respectively to obtain polymer composite films with different pre-vulcanization degrees;
wrapping the polymer composite films with different pre-vulcanization degrees on the exposed main insulation at the end part of the cable by using a wrapping device to obtain a wrapped cable accessory;
and pressing and forming the wrapped cable accessory to obtain the cable accessory stress cone with the nonlinear dielectric parameter gradient distribution.
Alternatively, the film-making apparatus includes, but is not limited to, a slit extruder, an extrusion blow molding machine, or a two-roll calender.
Optionally, a film-making device is used for making the mixed ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide nonlinear composite material into a film, and the thickness of the prepared film ranges from 0.2mm to 0.3mm;
the vulcanization condition is 150 ℃,70kN, and the vulcanization time is respectively 20min,30min,40min and 50min.
Optionally, when the two sections of cables are connected, after the outer sheath of the cable and the outer shielding layer are cut open, the polymer film is wrapped on the exposed main insulation at the end of the cable by using a wrapping device.
Optionally, the cable after the wrapping is completed is pressed and formed to obtain a cable stress cone with a nonlinear dielectric parameter gradient distribution, including:
and (3) pressing and forming the wrapped cable by using a hot isostatic pressing method, and obtaining the cable stress cone with nonlinear dielectric parameter gradient distribution by adopting a step-by-step pressurizing mode in the hot pressing process.
A preparation method of a nonlinear composite material is characterized in that the nonlinear composite material is used for preparing the cable accessory stress cone, and the method comprises the following steps:
putting the ethylene propylene rubber into an internal mixer, and shearing the raw ethylene propylene rubber material into viscous flow state at 40 ℃ at 60 r/min;
sequentially and slowly adding dicumyl peroxide, silicon carbide and stearic acid into the ethylene propylene rubber raw material after shearing;
and after fully and uniformly mixing, obtaining the ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide material after mixing.
Optionally, the mixed ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide material comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
100 parts of T77 type ethylene propylene rubber, 2 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 1 part of stearic acid and 0-30 parts of silicon carbide.
Optionally, the mixed ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide material comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
100 parts of T77 type ethylene propylene rubber, 2 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 1 part of stearic acid and 10 parts of silicon carbide.
Optionally, the stearic acid has a molecular weight of 284.48.
The technical scheme provided by the application comprises the following beneficial technical effects:
the application provides a cable accessories stress cone and preparation method of nonlinear combined material, nonlinear coincidence material is used for preparing cable accessories stress cone, through the nonlinear inorganic filler with different filler contents, ethylene propylene rubber/carborundum/dicumyl peroxide combined material makes around the package strip promptly, the inside conductivity nonlinear parameter of strip is different, utilize gradient distribution to restrain the conductance loss, and can guarantee the effective regulation and control of electric stress, the method that provides in this application has solved traditional cable accessories and has adopted nonlinear resistance material in the heavier occasion of harmonic, the emergence is generated heat, and when the overvoltage appears in the outside, the problem of electric breakdown phenomenon appears easily.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a cable intermediate joint structure using a gradient stress cone according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of reference numerals:
1-shielding layer, 2-XLPE insulation, 3-lapping gradient stress cone, 4-silicon rubber insulation layer, 5-conductor connecting pipe and 6-conductor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions in the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application; it is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In order to solve the problem that partial discharge is easy to occur at the insulation weak point of the cable accessory, and further insulation faults are caused, a special electric field stress control structure is arranged in the cable accessory to limit concentrated electric field stress.
In the prior art, electric field stress is mainly controlled by a geometric structure stress control method, a high dielectric material stress control method, a nonlinear material stress control method and the like. However, these control methods either exacerbate the aging process of the stress control material or cause heating problems or cause electrical breakdown when an external overvoltage occurs. Therefore, how to ensure effective regulation and control of the electrical stress under the condition of avoiding the occurrence of the problems is a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
In order to solve the above problems, in this embodiment, a method for preparing a cable accessory stress cone and a nonlinear composite material is provided, where the nonlinear composite material is used to prepare the cable accessory stress cone, and a lapped tape is made of nonlinear inorganic fillers with different filler contents, that is, ethylene-Propylene Rubber (EPR)/silicon carbide (SiC)/dicumyl peroxide (DCP) composite materials, where the tapes have different internal conductivity nonlinear parameters, and the gradient distribution is used to suppress conductivity loss, and ensure effective regulation and control of electrical stress.
The preparation method of the cable accessory stress cone provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a nonlinear composite material containing ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide, wherein the ethylene propylene rubber is T77 type ethylene propylene rubber. By means of the nonlinear characteristic of the conductivity of the material, the automatic electric field homogenization of the high-voltage conductor accessory can be realized, the maximum electric field intensity can be obviously reduced, and the influence caused by interface defects is shielded.
In this embodiment, a method for preparing the nonlinear composite material is also provided, where the nonlinear composite material is used to prepare the cable accessory stress cone, and the method includes the following steps:
s11: putting the ethylene propylene rubber into an internal mixer, and shearing the raw ethylene propylene rubber material into a viscous flow state at 40 ℃ at 60 r/min;
s12: slowly adding dicumyl peroxide, silicon carbide and stearic acid into the sheared ethylene propylene rubber raw rubber material in sequence;
s13: and after fully and uniformly mixing, obtaining the ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide material after mixing.
The mixed ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide material comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
100 parts of T77 type ethylene propylene rubber, 2 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 1 part of stearic acid and 0-30 parts of silicon carbide, wherein as a real-time mode, the preparation raw materials comprise 100 parts of T77 type ethylene propylene rubber, 2 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 1 part of stearic acid and 10 parts of silicon carbide, and the molecular weight of the stearic acid is 284.48.
The above operations may be accomplished in a mixing apparatus, including but not limited to a rubber torque rheology system, a three roll grinding system, and the like.
S2: and (3) preparing the mixed ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide nonlinear composite material into a membrane by using membrane preparation equipment, and preparing the ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide mixed membrane with different nonlinear conductivities by adjusting the mass parts of silicon carbide.
The film making apparatus includes, but is not limited to, a slit extruder, an extrusion blow molding machine, or a two-roll calender.
As an embodiment, the ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide nonlinear composite material after being mixed is used for membrane preparation by membrane preparation equipment, and the thickness value range of the prepared membrane is 0.2mm-0.3mm.
S3: and vulcanizing the mixed membrane in different time by adopting vulcanizing equipment to obtain the polymer composite membranes with different pre-vulcanization degrees. The vulcanizing equipment includes but is not limited to a plate vulcanizing machine, a vacuum vulcanizing bed and the like.
The pre-vulcanized ethylene propylene rubber can ensure the viscoelasticity of the interface in the wrapping process to the maximum extent, eliminate the influence of the interface in the subsequent hot-press molding and ensure that the stress cone becomes an integral structure with non-uniform dielectric parameters.
In one embodiment, specifically, in the operation, the vulcanization condition is 150 ℃ and 70kN, and the vulcanization time is respectively 20min,30min,40min and 50min, so as to obtain composite membranes with different degrees of prevulcanization.
5 EPR/SiC/DCP films with different nonlinear conductivities can be prepared by adjusting the mass parts of the silicon carbide (SiC).
Illustratively, in one possible implementation, the mass ratio of each component used for preparing the 1 st film is as follows: EPR/SiC/DCP = 100.
The mass ratio of each component used for preparing the 2 nd film is as follows: EPR/SiC/DCP = 100.
The mass ratio of each component used for preparing the 3 rd film is as follows: EPR/SiC/DCP = 100.
The 4 th film is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: EPR/SiC/DCP = 100.
The 5 th film is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: EPR/SiC/DCP = 100.
S4: and (3) wrapping the polymer composite films with different pre-vulcanization degrees on the exposed main insulation at the end part of the cable by using a wrapping device to obtain the cable accessory after wrapping. The problem of sharp increase of conductance loss caused by integral uniform manufacturing can be avoided by adopting a gradient wrapping mode.
Fig. 1 is a cable intermediate joint employing a gradient stress cone. As shown in fig. 1, it includes a shielding layer 1, XLPE insulation 2, a wrapped gradient stress cone 3, a silicon rubber insulation layer 4, a conductor connecting pipe 5 and a conductor 6. When two sections of cables are connected, after the outer sheath of the cable and the outer shielding layer are cut open, a wrapping device is used for wrapping the polymer film on the exposed main insulation at the end part of the cable.
In the wrapping process, the 1 st film (the film with the highest SiC content) is wrapped firstly, and the wrapping thickness is 5% of the total thickness of the insulating layer; wrapping the 2 nd film (a film material with 20 percent of SiC content) by 10 percent of the total thickness of the insulating layer; continuously wrapping the 3 rd film (a film material with 10% of SiC content), wherein the wrapping thickness is 15% of the total thickness of the insulating layer; continuously wrapping the 4 th film (a film material with 5 percent of SiC content), wherein the wrapping thickness is 20 percent of the total thickness of the insulating layer; and finally wrapping the 5 th film (a film material with 1% of SiC content) by 50% of the total thickness of the insulating layer.
Wherein, the total thickness of the insulating layer is the thickness preset by a user, and the sum of the wrapping thicknesses of the films is 100%.
Exemplarily, a 1 st film (a film material with 30% of SiC content) with the thickness of 0.2mm is wrapped on the exposed main insulation at the end part of the cable by a film wrapping machine, and the wrapping thickness is 5% of the total thickness of the insulation layer; secondly, on the basis of the first wrapping result, wrapping a 2 nd film (a film material with 20% of SiC content) with the thickness of 0.2mm, wherein the wrapping thickness is 10% of the total thickness of the insulating layer; on the basis of the second wrapping result, wrapping a 3 rd film (a film material with 10% of SiC content) with the thickness of 0.2mm, wherein the wrapping thickness is 15% of the total thickness of the insulating layer; on the basis of the third wrapping result, wrapping a 4 th film (a film material with 5% of SiC content) with the thickness of 0.2mm, wherein the wrapping thickness is 20% of the total thickness of the insulating layer; finally, on the basis of the fourth wrapping result, a 5 th film (a film material with 1% of SiC content) with the thickness of 0.2mm is wrapped, and the wrapping thickness is 50% of the total thickness of the insulating layer.
It is worth noting that by controlling the shape during wrapping, the profile as shown in fig. 1 is achieved, with each layer being slightly offset to form an approximately continuous curve.
S5: and pressing and forming the wrapped cable accessory to obtain the cable accessory stress cone with the nonlinear dielectric parameter gradient distribution.
Specifically, a hot isostatic pressing method is used for pressing and forming the wrapped cable, and a step-by-step pressurizing mode is adopted in the hot pressing process to remove air bubbles in the insulating layer, so that the cable stress cone with the nonlinear dielectric parameters distributed in a gradient manner is obtained.
In the embodiment, the gradient dielectric property is realized through the film preparation, the radial length during the wrapping process is changed, an approximately continuous curved surface is realized, and the electric field can be further homogenized depending on the shape on the basis of the optimization of the dielectric property.
Exemplarily, after waiting for the cable temperature to stabilize to the hot-pressing temperature (130-160 degrees celsius), the following steps are performed:
(1) Applying pressure at 6MPa for 5min;
(2) Remove pressure wait 30s;
(3) Pressurizing at 10MPa for 5min;
(4) Remove pressure wait 30s;
(5) Slowly reducing the temperature to room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃ per minute to obtain the cable stress cone with nonlinear dielectric parameter gradient distribution.
To sum up, the method for preparing the cable accessory stress cone and the nonlinear composite material provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the nonlinear conforming material is used for preparing the cable accessory stress cone, the nonlinear inorganic fillers with different filler contents, namely the ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide composite material, are made into wrapping strips, the nonlinear parameters of the internal conductivity of the strips are different, the gradient distribution is utilized to inhibit the conductivity loss, and the effective regulation and control of the electrical stress can be ensured.
It is to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising one of 8230; \8230;" 8230; "does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
It will be understood that the present application is not limited to what has been described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a cable accessory stress cone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a nonlinear composite material containing ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide, wherein the ethylene propylene rubber is T77 type ethylene propylene rubber;
preparing the mixed ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide nonlinear composite material into a film by using film preparation equipment, and preparing the ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide mixed film with different nonlinear conductivities by adjusting the mass parts of silicon carbide;
vulcanizing the mixed membrane in different time by adopting vulcanizing equipment to obtain polymer composite membranes with different pre-vulcanization degrees;
the vulcanization condition is 150 ℃,70kN, and the vulcanization time is respectively 20min,30min,40min and 50 min;
wrapping the polymer composite films with different pre-vulcanization degrees on the exposed main insulation at the end part of the cable by using a wrapping device to obtain a wrapped cable accessory;
and pressing and forming the wrapped cable accessory to obtain the cable accessory stress cone with the nonlinear dielectric parameter gradient distribution.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the film forming apparatus comprises a slit extruder, an extrusion blow molding machine, or a two-roll calender.
3. The method for preparing the cable accessory stress cone according to claim 1, wherein the ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide nonlinear composite material after being mixed is prepared into a film by using a film preparation device, and the thickness value of the prepared film ranges from 0.2mm to 0.3mm.
4. The method for preparing the cable accessory stress cone according to claim 1, wherein when two sections of cables are connected, after the outer sheath and the outer shielding layer of the cables are cut open, a wrapping device is used for wrapping a polymer film on the exposed main insulation at the end part of the cable.
5. The method for preparing the cable accessory stress cone according to claim 1, wherein the cable stress cone with the nonlinear gradient dielectric parameter distribution is obtained by pressing and forming the wrapped cable, and comprises the following steps:
and (3) pressing and forming the wrapped cable by using a hot isostatic pressing method, and obtaining the cable stress cone with nonlinear dielectric parameter gradient distribution by adopting a step-by-step pressurizing mode in the hot pressing process.
6. A method for preparing a nonlinear composite material, wherein the method is suitable for the cable accessory stress cone prepared by the method for preparing the cable accessory stress cone according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method comprises the following steps:
putting the ethylene propylene rubber into an internal mixer, and shearing the raw ethylene propylene rubber material into a viscous flow state at 40 ℃ at 60 r/min;
slowly adding dicumyl peroxide, silicon carbide and stearic acid into the sheared ethylene propylene rubber raw rubber material in sequence;
and after fully and uniformly mixing, obtaining the ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide material after mixing.
7. The preparation method of the nonlinear composite material according to claim 6, wherein the mixed ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide material comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
100 parts of T77 type ethylene propylene rubber, 2 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 1 part of stearic acid and 0-30 parts of silicon carbide.
8. The preparation method of the nonlinear composite material according to claim 7, wherein the mixed ethylene propylene rubber/silicon carbide/dicumyl peroxide material comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
100 parts of T77 type ethylene propylene rubber, 2 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 1 part of stearic acid and 10 parts of silicon carbide.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the stearic acid has a molecular weight of 284.48.
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| CN112250954A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-22 | 长缆电工科技股份有限公司 | Insulating rubber for extra-high voltage direct current cable accessories and preparation method thereof |
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| US10069285B2 (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2018-09-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Gas-insulated switchgear |
| WO2018130190A1 (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2018-07-19 | 杭州星庐科技有限公司 | Rubber-based electrically-conductive nonlinear insulating material and processing method therefor |
| CN108219299A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-29 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer matrix cable accessory material and its ethylene-propylene-diene monomer matrix cable accessory material |
| CN109096620B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2021-04-13 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber-based direct-current cable accessory material and preparation method thereof |
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