CN113033056B - Combined simulation method for computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis joint simulation method, which realizes loading Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results into any FEA grid through programs to perform joint simulation by programming and reading information in CFD result files and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model files. The invention can flexibly read CFD software results and FEA grid information, flexibly select load distribution range and mode, reasonably distribute pressure load generated by fluid to the structural grid, and well solve the difficult problem of higher interface bonding degree requirement in the traditional fluid-solid coupling, so that the joint simulation of computational fluid mechanics and finite element programs becomes easier and more efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fluid-solid coupling analysis, and particularly relates to a computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis joint simulation method.
Background
Numerical simulation, also called numerical simulation and numerical experiment, is a technical means for carrying out discrete solution and repeated iteration on physical, mechanical and other problems to obtain the nearest real result by a numerical calculation method, and is a technical means for leading-edge scientific research field and a large amount of engineering application because compared with the traditional experimental method, the numerical simulation is lower in cost, shorter in time consumption, more convenient and more visual in modification of experimental conditions, more visual in result and capable of completing simulation which cannot be carried out by some traditional experiments.
Fluid-solid coupling refers to combining fluid computation with solid computation, which is applied in the field where fluid computation results have a decisive influence on solid deformation, or where solid deformation has a great influence on the flow field, or where the two interact repeatedly. For example, the force carried on the wing structure of an aircraft is mainly aerodynamic force generated by a flow field, and a corresponding aerodynamic load is required to be calculated through software and loaded on the structure.
In the simulation field, fluid calculation and solid calculation often adopt different reference coordinate systems, solving formulas and corresponding simulation software, so that few mechanical simulation software can be used for carrying out flow field analysis and structure analysis independently and simultaneously. Although algorithms or a few large simulation software proposed by individual scholars have the capability, the former is difficult to apply in engineering, the latter can only carry out data transmission on CFD and FEA modules inside the software, but cannot carry out fluid-solid coupling analysis in combination with other CFD or FEA software, and has extremely high requirements on the interface coincidence degree of fluid and solid grids. However, in simulations, the fluid grid is often not highly coincident with the solid grid, since the requirements of the fluid and the solid on the grid are not the same, i.e. the fluid requires a high quality surface grid, while the solid requires a more detailed structural internal grid. Meanwhile, different commercial simulation software has emphasis and length, and special software is often used under special requirements, so that the combined simulation of computational fluid dynamics and a finite element method is difficult to perform.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis combined simulation method aiming at the defects of the prior art. The invention can solve the problem that the data can not be transmitted mutually due to the mismatching of the solid grid and the fluid grid.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis joint simulation method comprises the following steps:
step one: and reading a pressure load calculation result file of the CFD fluid domain body grid and an FEA grid node information file, and carrying out certain preprocessing on the source data.
Step two: the two sets of grids are aligned.
Step three: the CFD calculated pressure load is distributed to the FEA mesh nodes.
Step four: and outputting the FEA grid node force to a finite element software model file according to the format of the node force in FEA software.
Step five: finite element structural analysis under fluid forces calculated by CFD was performed in FEA software.
Further, the second step specifically comprises: the grid is aligned by setting the translation amount and the rotation angle, or directly input into a rotation matrix to carry out translation and rotation operations.
Further, the third step ensures that the FEA grid nodes closer to the CFD grid load are distributed with more loads, and the FEA grid nodes far away are not distributed with the loads.
Further, the third step includes the following substeps:
and (3.1) traversing all CFD grid cell center points, wherein the CFD grid cell center points are points where loads of pressure distribution calculated by computational fluid dynamics software are located, and calculating search radius r of the corresponding cells.
(3.2) for each CFD grid cell center point, iterating through each FEA grid node, calculating the distance d of the FEA grid node from the CFD grid cell center point.
(3.3) judging the size relation between d and r, if d > r, marking the corresponding FEA grid node as an unaffected node, and not distributing load.
(3.4) marking all FEA grid nodes conforming to d.ltoreq.r as affected nodes, and calculating the weight w of each affected node according to the distance of the formula (1) j Adjusting the values of k, p can change the weight versus distance.
(3.5) according to the formula(2) Regularizing the weight of each FEA grid node to obtainMake->Loads are distributed across the FEA grid nodes.
Further, in step (3.1), the search radius r is the corresponding cell grid size multiplied by a custom search factor.
Further, when the search factor is 0, the CFD mesh cell center point cannot distribute the load to the neighboring FEA mesh nodes; when the search factor is infinite, the load of the CFD grid cell center point will attempt to be distributed to all FEA grid nodes.
Further, in the first step, the preprocessing includes dimension unification, deletion of invalid data, and the like.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, grid data are rapidly processed through programming, and any two sets of different grids are scaled, rotated and aligned, so that the grids are matched as much as possible; the range of fluid load influence is determined by self-defining the searching radius, so that the program has better adaptability to grids with different matching degrees and pneumatic load acting surfaces with different rigidities; the total load is guaranteed to be completely distributed to the solid grid nodes, and meanwhile reasonable distribution of the load is guaranteed, namely more load distribution is obtained at the point closer to the position of the load.
Drawings
The drawings used in the following detailed description will be presented to more clearly describe the invention in terms of the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the invention, but are merely illustrative of some embodiments of the invention that can be made from these drawings by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Finite Element (FEA) structural mesh model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a geometric model of the exterior surface of a wing for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) grid model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the positions of two sets of grids when not aligned; wherein, (a) is a three-dimensional axial view, and (b) is a top view;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the positions of two sets of grids after alignment; wherein, (a) is a three-dimensional axial view, and (b) is a top view;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a load distribution search algorithm.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking a large-scale aircraft wing as an example.
As shown in FIG. 1, the combined simulation method of computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis, namely fluid-solid coupled finite element numerical simulation, comprises the following steps:
step one: firstly, reading CFD calculation result files and FEA grid node information files in a program, and carrying out dimension unification, invalid data deletion and other treatments on source data.
In flight, the most predominant force on a passenger aircraft is the aerodynamic load created by the flow of air over its surface. In order to accurately obtain the aerodynamic load to which the wing structure is subjected, a high-precision fluid grid is established and solved by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), but the grid is not matched with the solid structure grid, and data cannot be transmitted to each other.
FIG. 2 is a Finite Element (FEA) structural grid model of a wing, including an outer skin and inner stringers and ribs, with the surface grid being a quadrilateral grid, resulting in node locations; FIG. 3 is a geometric model of the exterior surface of a wing for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); the difference between the geometric surface of fig. 3 and the finite element model of fig. 2 is visually seen from the figure. FIG. 4 is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) grid model with triangular cells on the surface and with flow field fields on the outside to create a volumetric grid; in this embodiment, a grid is established by preprocessing software, and then the calculated pressure load is solved in CFD software to obtain the cell center pressure. As can be seen from fig. 5, the positions of the two sets of grids when not aligned are quite different, and the data cannot be mapped directly.
Step two: the two sets of grids are aligned. Setting translation and rotation angles in a program, or directly inputting a rotation matrix to carry out translation and rotation operation on the grid; the program may display the matching of the two sets of grids for use in determining whether adjustment is needed. Fig. 6 shows the positions of the two sets of grids after alignment, and the overlap ratio is high.
Step three: the compressive load calculated by the CFD software is reasonably distributed to the FEA grid nodes according to the load distribution search algorithm shown in fig. 7.
And (3.1) the program calculates the search radius r of the unit by traversing all CFD grid cell center points, namely the points where the load of the pressure distribution calculated by the computational fluid dynamics software is located, wherein the value is the cell grid size L multiplied by a user-defined search factor lambda. The center point cannot distribute load to neighboring nodes when λ is 0; the load of the center point will attempt to be distributed to all nodes when λ is infinity; reasonable selection of the search factor λ may avoid too little or even no, or too many attempts to distribute the load to the FEA grid nodes.
(3.2) each fluid grid cell center i searches all solid grid nodes j, loops each FEA grid node, and calculates the distance d of the node from the CFD grid cell center point.
(3.3) determining the size relationship of d and r, if d > r, the FEA mesh node will be marked as an unaffected node, i.e., the node weight is zero, and will not be assigned a load.
(3.4) all other FEA grid nodes conforming to d.ltoreq.r, marked as affected nodes, calculating the weight w of each FEA grid node according to the distance according to the formula (1) j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The relation between the weight and the distance can be changed by adjusting the values of k and p, so that more load distribution is obtained for points which are closer to the load, and excessive points are not distributed.
(3.5) regularizing the weight of each FEA grid node according to the formula (2) to obtainSum of them->And distributing the load on each FEA grid node, and ensuring that the total load is completely distributed on the structural grid nodes.
Step four: and outputting the FEA grid node force to a finite element FEA software model file according to the format of the node force in the finite element FEA software.
Step five: in the FEA software, finite element structural analysis under fluid forces (pneumatic loading) calculated by CFD is performed.
According to the invention, the information in a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) result file and a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model file is read through programming, so that the CFD calculation result is loaded into any FEA grid through a program to perform joint simulation. The invention can flexibly read CFD software results and FEA grid information, flexibly select load distribution range and mode, reasonably distribute pressure load generated by fluid to the structural grid, and well solve the difficult problem of higher interface bonding degree requirement in the traditional fluid-solid coupling, so that the joint simulation of computational fluid mechanics and finite element programs becomes easier and more efficient.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the foregoing description is a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, but rather to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described, and that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, for the purposes of those skilled in the art. Modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis joint simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: reading a wing outer surface pressure load result file and a wing structure FEA grid node information file which are obtained by CFD calculation, and carrying out certain pretreatment on source data; the preprocessing comprises unified dimension and deleting invalid data;
step two: the two sets of grids are aligned by setting the translation amount and the rotation angle or directly inputting a rotation matrix to perform translation and rotation operations on the grids;
step three: distributing the pressure load of the outer surface of the wing calculated by the CFD to FEA grid nodes of the wing structure; more load distribution is obtained for FEA grid nodes which are closer to the position where the CFD grid load is located, and load distribution is not carried out for FEA grid nodes which are too far away; the specific substeps are as follows:
traversing all CFD grid cell center points on the outer surface of the wing, wherein the CFD grid cell center points are points where loads of pressure distribution calculated by computational fluid dynamics software are located, and calculating search radius r of corresponding cells according to the corresponding cell grid size multiplied by a self-defined search factor; when the search factor is 0, the CFD grid cell center point cannot distribute the load to the adjacent FEA grid nodes; when the search factor is infinitely large, the load of the CFD grid cell center point will attempt to be distributed to all FEA grid nodes;
(3.2) circularly traversing each wing structure FEA grid node aiming at the center point of each wing outer surface CFD grid cell, and calculating the distance d between the wing structure FEA grid node and the center point of each wing outer surface CFD grid cell;
(3.3) judging the size relation between d and r, if d > r, marking the FEA grid node of the corresponding wing structure as an unaffected node, and not distributing load;
(3.4) marking all wing structure FEA grid nodes conforming to d.ltoreq.r as affected nodes, and calculating the weight w of each affected node according to the distance of the formula (1) j Adjusting the values of k and p can change the relationship between weight and distance;
(3.5) regularizing the weight of each wing structure FEA grid node according to the formula (2) to obtainMake->Distributing load on each FEA grid node;
step four: outputting the wing structure FEA grid node force to a finite element software model file according to the format of the node force in FEA software;
step five: finite element structural analysis under fluid forces calculated by CFD was performed in FEA software.
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