CN113031281B - Optical system - Google Patents
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- CN113031281B CN113031281B CN202110416630.7A CN202110416630A CN113031281B CN 113031281 B CN113031281 B CN 113031281B CN 202110416630 A CN202110416630 A CN 202110416630A CN 113031281 B CN113031281 B CN 113031281B
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical system, comprising: the first subsystem includes: a light source for emitting light; the first holographic element is encoded with an aiming image and displays the aiming image after receiving the light rays emitted by the light source; the second subsystem includes: the display unit is used for loading an image to be displayed; a second hologram element for receiving and modulating light of an image to be displayed of the display unit; a first substrate layer for receiving light of the image to be displayed modulated by the second holographic element and propagating in the first substrate layer at an angle greater than the angle of total reflection; a third holographic element for coupling light of the image to be displayed propagating in the first substrate layer out of the first substrate layer; the second holographic element and the third holographic element are attached to different positions of the first substrate layer, and the first holographic element and the third holographic element are arranged in parallel. The optical system of the embodiment of the invention can simultaneously present images of two functions through the first subsystem and the second subsystem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectrons, and particularly relates to an optical system.
Background
It is a common practice to present a target image using an optical system. For example, virtual reality optical systems that present only virtual image information to the user, but do not allow ambient light to pass through. As another example, virtual image information and ambient light may be presented simultaneously to an optical system of augmented reality in the eyes of a user.
However, there is no optical system that presents images of two different utilities at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present application first provide an optical system including: a first subsystem, comprising: a light source for emitting light; the first holographic element is used for encoding an aiming image, and the first holographic element receives the light rays emitted by the light source and then displays the aiming image; a second subsystem, comprising: the display unit is used for loading an image to be displayed; a second hologram element for receiving and modulating light of an image to be displayed of the display unit; a first substrate layer for receiving light of the image to be displayed modulated by the second holographic element and propagating in the first substrate layer at an angle greater than the angle of total reflection; a third holographic element for coupling light of the image to be displayed propagating in the first substrate layer out of the first substrate layer; the second holographic element and the third holographic element are attached to different positions of the first substrate layer, and the first holographic element and the third holographic element are arranged in parallel.
Objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the technology or prior art of the present application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings expressing the embodiments of the present application are used for explaining the technical solutions of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical system according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first substrate layer in an optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second substrate layer in an optical system according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method of making a first holographic element in an optical system, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a first method of making a fourth holographic element of an optical system, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second method of making a fourth holographic element of an optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a first mode of operation of an optical system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a second mode of operation of an optical system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of an optical system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic illustration of a third mode of operation of an optical system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a fourth mode of operation of an optical system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining image shift of the optical system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a fifth mode of operation of an optical system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the corresponding technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. The embodiments and the features of the embodiments can be combined without conflict, and the technical solutions formed are all within the scope of the present invention.
An optical system includes a first subsystem and a second subsystem. The first subsystem may be used to present images of one utility and the second subsystem may be used to present images of another utility. Images of two functions can be presented simultaneously through the first subsystem and the second subsystem. Wherein the first subsystem comprises a light source and a first holographic element. A light source for emitting light. And the first holographic element is encoded with an aiming image and displays the aiming image after receiving the light rays emitted by the light source. The first subsystem may be used to present the aiming image. Wherein the second subsystem comprises a display unit, a second holographic element, a first substrate layer and a third holographic element. And the display unit is used for loading the image to be displayed. And a second hologram element for receiving and modulating light of an image to be displayed of the display unit. A first substrate layer for receiving light of the image to be displayed modulated by the second holographic element and propagating in the first substrate layer at an angle greater than the angle of total reflection. A third holographic element for coupling light of the image to be displayed propagating in the first substrate layer out of the first substrate layer. The second subsystem may be used to present an image to be displayed. The second holographic element and the third holographic element are attached to different positions of the first substrate layer, and the first holographic element and the third holographic element are arranged in parallel. The aiming image and the image to be displayed may propagate out through the same location. The first substrate layer, the first holographic element and the third holographic element may be made of transparent optical plastic or optical glass, and the human eye may see the external scene simultaneously when the aiming image and the image to be displayed are propagated to the human eye. The holographic element can adopt a holographic manufacturing process and is a holographic optical element. The hologram element may be made by coating or impregnating a photosensitive material on a transparent optical plastic or optical glass. The photosensitive material may be a silver salt material, a photoresist, a photorefractive material, a photopolymer, a photochromic material, a photoconductive thermoplastic material, dichromated gelatin (DCG).
Referring to fig. 1, in the first embodiment, the first subsystem includes a light source 11, a first hologram element 22, and a fourth hologram element 21. A light source 11 for emitting light. The fourth hologram element 21 is used for receiving the light emitted from the light source 11 and reflecting the light to the first hologram element 22, so that the first hologram element 22 receives the reflected light to display the aiming image 601. A first holographic element 22 encoding an aiming image 601, the first holographic element 22 receiving light emitted by the fourth holographic element 21 and displaying the aiming image 601.
The light source 11 may be a point light source which emits quasi-monochromatic light to illuminate the surface of the fourth holographic element 21, the fourth holographic element 21 deflects the light incident on its surface, the deflected light propagates to the surface of the first holographic element 22, the first holographic element 22 encodes the aiming image 601, and the first holographic element 22 modulates the light incident on its surface to deflect the light into the human eye 501. Wherein the fourth hologram element 21 may be omitted as long as the light emitted from the light source 11 can be irradiated to the first hologram element 22.
The second subsystem comprises the display unit 101, the second holographic element 401, the first substrate layer 301 and the third holographic element 402. And the display unit 101 is used for loading the image to be displayed 602. A second holographic element 401 for receiving and modulating light of an image to be displayed 602 of the display unit 101. A first substrate layer 301 for receiving light rays of the image to be displayed 602 modulated by the second holographic element 401 and propagating in the first substrate layer 301 at an angle greater than the angle of total reflection. A third holographic element 402 for coupling light of the image to be displayed 602 propagating in the first substrate layer 301 out of the first substrate layer 301.
The display unit 101 loads an image to be displayed 602. The projection optical system 201 enlarges and images it and projects it to the second hologram element 401. The display unit 101 and the projection optical system 201 may be parallel to the second hologram element 401. The projection optical system 201 may be disposed between the display unit 101 and the second hologram element 401. The projection optical system 201 may include, for example, a convex lens. Here, the projection optical system 201 may be omitted, and the light of the image to be displayed 602 emitted from the display unit 101 may be directly incident on the second hologram element 402. The second holographic element 401 modulates and couples light into the first substrate layer 301, the light propagates inside the first substrate layer 301 with a transmission angle larger than the total reflection angle, and the third holographic element 402 couples it out to the human eye 501 when it propagates to the third holographic element 402. The first hologram 22 and the third hologram 402 may be made by coating or impregnating a photosensitive material on a transparent optical plastic or optical glass, and the first substrate layer 301 is made of a transparent optical plastic or optical glass, having a high transmittance, so that the external scene 603 can be seen by human eyes. The human eye 501 can thus see the external scene 603 and the composite scene of the virtual image simultaneously.
The second hologram element 401 and the third hologram element 402 are attached to different positions of the first base layer 301, the second hologram element 401 guides light of the image to be displayed 602 into the first base layer 301, and the third hologram element 402 guides light of the image to be displayed 602 out of the first base layer 301. The second holographic element 401 and the third holographic element 402 may be arranged on the same side or on opposite sides of the first substrate layer 301. Shown in fig. 1 is that the second holographic element 401 and the third holographic element 402 are arranged on the same side of the first substrate layer 301.
The first holographic element 22 is arranged parallel to the third holographic element 402. The emergent images of the first subsystem and the second subsystem are located in the same area, and the aiming image and the image to be displayed can be seen by the human eye 501 at the same time.
The first holographic element 22 and the third holographic element 402 may have an air gap, for example, by disposing a spacer at a position of the first substrate layer 301 corresponding to an edge of the first holographic element 22, the first holographic element 22 is fixedly connected to the first substrate layer 301.
In the second embodiment, the first subsystem may include a lens instead of the fourth holographic element 21 of the first embodiment, the lens is configured to receive the light emitted from the light source 11 and reflect the light to the first holographic element 22, so that the first holographic element 22 receives the reflected light to display the aiming image 601. Other elements of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
In embodiment three, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the first subsystem comprises the fifth holographic element 23 and the second substrate layer 302. In contrast to the first embodiment, the first subsystem comprises a fifth holographic element 23 instead of the second holographic element 21, and a second substrate layer 302 is added to the first subsystem. The fifth holographic element 23 is configured to direct light emitted by the light source 11 into the second substrate layer 302, and the second substrate layer 302 propagates the light at an angle greater than the angle of total reflection until the second substrate layer 302 is directed out of the first holographic element 22. The second substrate layer 302 is disposed in parallel with the first substrate layer 301. The fifth hologram element 23 and the first hologram element 22 are attached to different positions of the second substrate layer 302, wherein the fifth hologram element 23 guides the light from the light source 11 to the second substrate layer 302, and the first hologram element 22 guides the light out of the second substrate layer 302. The fifth hologram element 23 and the second hologram element 401 are arranged offset from each other. The second hologram element 401 guides the light beam of the display unit 101 to the first base layer 301, the fifth hologram element 23 guides the light beam of the light source 11 to the second base layer 302, and the fifth hologram element 23 and the second hologram element 401 are shifted in the vertical direction of the base layers so as not to overlap each other in order to reduce crosstalk between the two base layers. The fifth holographic element 23 and the first holographic element 22 may also be arranged on the same side or on opposite sides of the second substrate layer 302. Fig. 2 and 3 show that the fifth holographic element 23 and the first holographic element 22 are arranged on the same side of the second substrate layer 302. The light source 11 and the display unit 101 may be disposed on the right side (as shown) of the first and second substrate layers 301 and 302, or may be disposed on the left side of the first and second substrate layers 301 and 302. When the light source 11 and the display unit 101 are disposed on the right side, the light of the image to be displayed emitted from the display unit 101 passes through the second substrate layer 302 and then enters the second hologram element 401 or the first substrate layer 301 of the second subsystem. In order to reduce crosstalk between the two substrate layers, the projection optical system 201 provided in the second subsystem is disposed in parallel with the second hologram element 401 and is disposed offset from the fifth hologram element 23. The human eye 501 may be located on the same side or on a different side of the light source 11 and the display unit 101. Fig. 2 shows that the human eye 501 is located on the same side of the light source 11 and the display unit 101, and fig. 3 shows that the human eye 501 is located on the opposite side of the light source 11 and the display unit 101.
In the third embodiment, the display unit 101 and the light source 11 may be positioned on the left and right sides of the first substrate layer 301 and the second substrate layer 302, respectively. Thus, the fifth hologram element 23 may not need to be arranged offset from the second hologram element 401. As long as the first hologram element 22 and the third hologram element 402 are arranged in parallel, the human eye 501 can see the aiming image and the image to be displayed and the external scene at the same time at the same position. The first hologram element 22 and the third hologram element 402 may be made by coating or impregnating a photosensitive material on a transparent optical plastic or optical glass, and the first substrate layer 301 and the second substrate layer 302 are made of a transparent optical plastic or optical glass, having high transmittance.
The fifth holographic element 23 and the first holographic element 22 are located on the surface of the second substrate layer 302. The light source 11 emits light to illuminate the surface of the fifth holographic element 23, the fifth holographic element 23 deflects the light incident on its surface, the light is deflected into the second substrate layer 302, the light propagates inside the second substrate layer 302 at a transmission angle greater than the total reflection angle and propagates to the surface of the first holographic element 22, the first holographic element 22 encodes the collimated image 601, and the first holographic element 22 modulates the light incident on its surface to deflect it into the human eye 501. The display unit 101 loads an image 602 to be displayed, the projection optical system 201 enlarges, images and projects the image onto the second holographic element 401, the second holographic element 401 modulates and couples light rays into the first substrate layer 301, the light rays propagate inside the first substrate layer 301 at a transmission angle larger than a total reflection angle, and when the light rays propagate to the third holographic element 402, the third holographic element 402 couples and emits the light rays to the human eye 501. Fig. 2 shows that the third hologram element 402 and the first hologram element 22 are transmissive hologram elements, and fig. 3 shows that the third hologram element 402 and the first hologram element 22 are reflective hologram elements.
The third holographic element 402 and the second holographic element 401 are located on the surface of the first substrate layer 301 and the first holographic element 22 and the fifth holographic element 23 are located on the surface of the second substrate layer 302. The first holographic element 22 and the third holographic element 402 together constitute a viewing window, both being located in the same horizontal line and parallel to each other. The first substrate layer 301 and the second substrate layer 302 are parallel to each other with an air gap therebetween.
The first holographic element 22 and the fifth holographic element 23 are arranged by using the second substrate layer 302, so that the volume of holographic aiming is reduced, and the difficulty in assembling and adjusting the grating is reduced.
In some embodiments, the projected width of the beam of light of the image to be displayed propagating in the first substrate layer 301 is not less than the transmission period of the beam of light of the image to be displayed propagating in the first substrate layer 301; the projected width of the beam of light propagating in the second substrate layer 302 is no greater than the transmission period of the beam of light propagating in the second substrate layer 302.
Referring to fig. 4, for the first base layer 301 that transmits the image to be displayed emitted by the display unit 101, it is required to have pupil duplication in the first base layer 301 in order to reduce the base layer thickness without losing the image quality. W 1 The width of the light beam projected onto the surface of the first substrate layer 301, D 1 Is the thickness, L, of the first substrate layer 301 1 The first substrate layer 301 has a refractive index n for the transmission period of the light beam in the first substrate layer 301 1 The minimum transmission angle of the light in the first substrate layer 301 is θ 1 min, maximum transmission angle theta 1 max. The method comprises the following steps:
n 1 sinθ 1min ≥1
W 1 ≥L 1 ＝2D 1 tanθ 1max
referring to fig. 5, for the second substrate layer 302 to display the aiming image recorded by the first holographic element 22, it is desirable to have pupil non-replication in the second substrate layer 302 to ensure that the light waves in the substrate layer have a complete continuous wavefront to improve the projected display quality of the aiming image. W 2 The width of the beam projected onto the surface of the second substrate layer 302, D 2 Is the thickness, L, of the second substrate layer 302 2 For the transmission period of the light beam in the second substrate layer 302, the second substrate layer 302 has a refractive index n 2 The minimum transmission angle of the light in the second substrate layer 302 is θ 2 min, maximum transmission angle theta 2 max. The method comprises the following steps:
n 2 sinθ 2min ≥1
W 1 ≤L 1 ＝2D 2 tanθ 2max the encoded aiming image 601 for the first holographic element 22 may be pre-encoded for storage. Specifically, referring to fig. 6, the mask plate 801 has pattern information to be loaded by the first hologram element 22, which is in accordance with the aiming image 601. Mask 801 is illuminated by light waves 2200, which light waves transmitted through mask 801 are Fourier transformedThe lens 802 forms object light 2202. Meanwhile, another beam of obliquely incident reference light 2201 exists in the space, the object light 2202 and the reference light 2201 meet on the first hologram element 22, and light wave interference occurs at the first hologram element 22, so that an interference field distributed three-dimensionally is formed inside the first hologram element 22. The internal interference field of the first holographic element 22 simultaneously changes the material properties, resulting in a material property distribution similar to the internal interference field distribution of the first holographic element 22, i.e. the spectral information of the mask 801 is recorded. Typical material property changes include refractive index changes, transmittance changes, and the like. The first hologram 22 is a planar structure, and is typically a photosensitive material such as a photopolymer or silver salt. The recording conditions (including the wavelength of the light used, the angular position of the beam and the object) need to be in accordance with the actual requirements of use, which determine the recording conditions.
The holographic exposure can be performed in one of the following two ways for the fourth holographic element 21 and the fifth holographic element 23, which are off-axis lenses. The following description will take the example of producing the fourth hologram element 21. Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 illustrates a dual beam fabrication approach. The fourth hologram 21 and the first hologram 22 are manufactured in a similar manner as the reference light 2101 and the object light 2102, wherein the reference light 2101 is emitted by a point light source 3100, and the recording conditions (including wavelength, beam and object angular position) are consistent with the actual use requirements, which determine the recording conditions. In general, the reference light 2201 and the object light 2102 are preferentially plane waves. Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 shows another fabrication method, a single beam exposure method. By indirectly forming a double beam from a single beam generated by the point source 3100 by means of the parabolic mirror 803, the reference light and the object light are respectively a light wave emitted by the point source 3100 and a collimated plane wave reflected by the parabolic mirror 803 after the emitted light wave has passed through the fourth holographic element 21, the point source 3100 being located at the focal position of the parabolic mirror 803.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 9, the optical system may further include a controller 901, and other portions of the optical system may refer to the above embodiments. The controller 901 is connected to the light source 11 and the display unit 101 to control the light source 11 and the display unit 101 to be turned on and off. The controller 901 may control the light source 11 and the display unit 101 to be turned on and off, respectively. The controller 901 may control the turning on and off of the first subsystem and the second subsystem, respectively, which are independent from each other.
For example, referring to fig. 10, in a first mode, which may be referred to as a "non-enhanced mode", the controller 901 may turn off the display unit 101, turn on the light source 11, and the human eye 501 may see the aiming image 601 and the external scene 603 displayed by the first subsystem, and the aiming image 601 may be superimposed on the external scene 603 to obtain the composite scene S.
For example, referring to fig. 11, in a second mode which may be referred to as an "optical enhancement mode", the controller 901 may turn on the display unit 101, turn on the light source 11, and make the aiming image 601 displayed by the first subsystem, the image to be displayed 602 displayed by the second subsystem, and the external scene 603 visible to the human eye 501, and the aiming image 601 and the image to be displayed 602 may be superimposed on the external scene 603 to obtain a composite scene S. The image to be displayed 602 may display more information for the user, such as time, text information, positioning signal, and other auxiliary content. The controller 901 may perform brightness adjustment on the image to be displayed 602 of the display unit 101.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 12, the optical system may further include an imager 701 connected to a controller 901, the controller 901 controlling the imager 701 to be turned on and off. Other components of the optical system may refer to the description of the above embodiments. Imager 701 may be an infrared imager or a low-light imager and the optical system may operate in an infrared, low-light night vision environment. The controller 901 processes the image acquired by the imager 701 and transmits the processed image to the display unit 101, and the processed image is displayed by the second subsystem. The imager 701 performs imaging detection on the external scene 603 to obtain an infrared image or a low-light-level image of the external scene 603. The infrared image or the low-light-level image is processed by the controller 901 and output to the display unit 101, and the display unit 101 is driven to display the external video enhanced scene 604 (the infrared image or the low-light-level image processed by the controller 901) or the mixed image 605 of the external video enhanced scene 604 and the image to be displayed 602. The projection optical system 201 enlarges, images and projects an external video enhanced scene 604 or a mixed image 605 to the second holographic element 401, the second holographic element 401 modulates and couples light rays into the first substrate layer 301, the light rays propagate inside the first substrate layer 301 at a transmission angle larger than a total reflection angle, and when the light rays propagate to the third holographic element 402, the third holographic element 402 couples and emits the light rays to the human eye 501. The human eye 501 may see the aiming image 601 through the first subsystem. The first holographic element 22, the first substrate layer 301, and the third holographic element 402 have a high transmittance, so that the external scene 603 can be seen. The human eye 501 can thus see the external scene 603 and the synthetic scene S of the virtual image simultaneously. The second subsystem may display images acquired by the imager 701 as well as other images to be displayed 602.
For example, referring to fig. 13, in a third mode, which may be referred to as "video enhancement mode", the controller 901 may turn on the display unit 101, turn on the light source 11, turn on the imager 701, the display unit 101 has no display information in "optical enhancement mode", and the system is in "video enhancement mode". The human eye 501 can see the aiming image 601 displayed by the first subsystem, the external video enhanced scene 604 and the external scene 603 displayed by the second subsystem, and the aiming image 601 and the external video enhanced scene 604 can be superimposed on the external scene 603 to obtain a composite scene S. Under night vision conditions, the ambient scene 603 is marked in a light color and the enhanced image is marked in a heavy color as the ambient video enhancement scene 604. The controller 901 may perform brightness adjustment on the external video enhanced scene 604 of the display unit 101, and perform pseudo color enhancement processing and parallax conversion on the image captured by the imager 701 to output the image to the display unit 101.
For example, referring to fig. 14, in a fourth mode, which may be referred to as a "hybrid mode", the controller 901 may turn on the display unit 101, turn on the light source 11, turn on the imager 701, the display unit 101 contains display information in the "optical enhancement mode", and the system is in the "hybrid mode". The human eye 501 can see the aiming image 601 displayed by the first subsystem, the mixed image 605 displayed by the second subsystem and the external scene 603, and the aiming image 601 and the mixed image 605 can be superimposed on the external scene 603 to obtain a composite scene S. Under night vision conditions, the ambient scene 603 is marked in a light color and the enhanced image is marked in a heavy color as the ambient video enhancement scene 604. The controller 901 may perform brightness adjustment on the mixed image 605 of the display unit 101, perform information superposition on the external video enhanced scene 604 and the image to be displayed 602 to obtain the mixed image 605, and perform pseudo color enhancement processing and parallax conversion on the image acquired by the imager 701 to output the image to the display unit 101.
The resolution of image details can be increased by performing a pseudo-color enhancement process.
In some embodiments, the controller 901 performs image parallax transformation on the image acquired by the imager 701 so that the image obtained by the receiving surface of the imager 701 coincides with the image obtained by the direct transmission of the ambient light through the hologram element and the basal layer on the retina of the human eye.
The disparity in the positions of the CMOS imaging plane 702 of the imager 701 and the retina 502 of the user's eye 501 causes image shift problems. Referring to fig. 15, for an external scene 603, there are a lateral displacement difference Δ y and a longitudinal displacement difference Δ x between the retina 502 of a human eye 501 and the CMOS imaging plane 702 of the imager 701, and the displacement differences cause the image of the same external scene 603 on the CMOS imaging plane 702 of the imager 701 to be inconsistent with the image on the retina 502 of the human eye 501. The parallax conversion requires conversion according to the image obtained by the CMOS imaging plane 702, the displacement difference, the focal length of the imager 701, and other information to obtain an image on the retina 502 of the human eye 501, and the converted image on the retina 502 of the human eye 501 is used for loading to the display unit 101.
When the maximum opening angle of the external scene 603 to the imager 701 and the user's eye 501 is below 5 degrees, the parallax transformation may be obtained by shifting the pixels as a whole. When the maximum opening angle of the external scene 603 to the imager 701 and the user's eye 501 is 5 degrees, the image obtained by the CMOS imaging plane 702 is transformed into the image on the retina 502 with different translation amounts pixel by pixel, so as to improve the accuracy in the "video enhancement mode" or the "mixed mode". In some cases, the user can only aim at the external video enhanced scene 604 or the mixed image 605 by relying on the external video enhanced scene 604 or the mixed image 605, but the external scene 603 cannot be seen by human eyes, for example, aiming at night with extremely low illumination, so that the enhanced object image and the real object displayed in the external video enhanced scene 604 or the mixed image 605 are required to be overlapped as much as possible.
In some embodiments, the controller 901 turns off the light source 11 and turns on the display unit 101 and the imager 701, and the controller 901 performs:
s11, performing color processing on the image acquired by the imager 701 to obtain a primary pseudo color image;
s22, carrying out binarization inversion operation on the display scene 606 to obtain a binarization image;
s33, multiplying the preliminary pseudo-color image and the binary image to obtain a pseudo-color background 609;
s44, adding the display scene 606 and the pseudo-color background 609 to obtain a final pseudo-color image 610;
the controller 901 transmits the final pseudo-color image to the display unit 101.
The imager 701 captures an external scene 603 in real time, transmits captured data to the controller 901, transmits a display scene 606 to the controller 901, performs mixing processing on the external scene 603 and the display scene 606 to obtain a final pseudo-color image 610, transmits the final pseudo-color image 610 to the display unit 101, the display unit 101 emits light rays, the projection optical system 201 magnifies and images the final pseudo-color image 610 and projects the magnified and imaged light rays onto the second holographic element 401, the second holographic element 401 modulates and couples the light rays into the first substrate layer 301, the light rays propagate inside the first substrate layer 301 at a transmission angle larger than a total reflection angle, and when the light rays propagate to the third holographic element 402, the third holographic element 402 couples and emits the light rays to the human eye 501. The display unit 101 is a color micro display panel to display a pseudo color image.
Referring to fig. 16, the process of mixing the external scene 603 and the display scene 606 in the controller 901 mainly includes the following flow. The pseudo color processing is carried out on an external scene 603 to obtain a primary pseudo color image, meanwhile, the binarization inversion operation is carried out on a display scene 606 to obtain a binarization image, the primary pseudo color image and the binarization image are multiplied to obtain a pseudo color background 609, and further, the display scene 606 and the obtained pseudo color background 609 are added to obtain a final pseudo color image 610. The binarization inverting operation is specifically to reassign a pixel gray level of 1 to a place where the pixel gray level is not 0 in the display scene 606, and to reassign a pixel gray level of 0 to a place where the pixel gray level is 0 in the display scene 606.
By working in different modes, the functions of the optical system can be expanded, the requirements of holographic aiming are expanded, the application scene of holographic aiming is greatly expanded, and the performance of the holographic aiming is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An optical system, comprising:
a first subsystem, comprising:
a light source for emitting light;
a first holographic element encoding an aiming image, the first holographic element receiving light emitted by the light source and displaying the aiming image;
a second subsystem, comprising:
the display unit is used for loading an image to be displayed;
a second hologram element for receiving and modulating light of an image to be displayed of the display unit;
a first substrate layer for receiving light rays of the image to be displayed modulated by the second holographic element and propagating in the first substrate layer at an angle greater than the angle of total reflection;
a third holographic element for coupling light rays of an image to be displayed propagating in the first substrate layer out of the first substrate layer;
the second holographic element and the third holographic element are attached to different positions of the first substrate layer, and the first holographic element and the third holographic element are arranged in parallel.
2. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the first subsystem further comprises a fourth holographic element for receiving light emitted from the light source and reflecting the light to the first holographic element, such that the first holographic element receives the reflected light and displays the aiming image; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the first subsystem further comprises a lens, the lens is used for receiving the light rays emitted by the light source and reflecting the light rays to the first holographic element, and the aiming image is displayed after the first holographic element receives the reflected light rays.
3. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the first subsystem further comprises a fifth holographic element and a second substrate layer, the second substrate layer being disposed parallel to the first substrate layer, the fifth holographic element and the first holographic element being attached to the second substrate layer at different locations, the fifth holographic element and the second holographic element being offset from each other.
4. The optical system according to claim 3, wherein a projection width of the beam of light of the image to be displayed propagating in the first substrate layer is not smaller than a transmission period of the beam of light of the image to be displayed propagating in the first substrate layer; the projected width of the beam of light propagating in the second substrate layer is not greater than the transmission period of the beam of light propagating in the second substrate layer.
5. The optical system according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the substrate layer is made of a transparent optical plastic or optical glass; the hologram element is made by forming a photosensitive material on a transparent optical plastic or optical glass.
6. The optical system of claim 5, wherein the second subsystem further comprises a projection optical system disposed between the display unit and the second holographic element.
7. The optical system according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising a controller connected to the light source and the display unit for controlling the turning on and off of the light source and the display unit.
8. The optical system of claim 7, further comprising an imager connected to the controller, the controller controlling the imager to be turned on and off, the imager being an infrared imager or a low-light imager;
and the controller processes the image acquired by the imager and transmits the processed image to the display unit.
9. The optical system according to claim 8, wherein the controller turns off the light source and turns on the display unit and the imager, the controller performing:
carrying out color processing on the image acquired by the imager to obtain a primary pseudo color image;
carrying out binarization reversal operation on a display scene to obtain a binarization image;
multiplying the preliminary pseudo-color image and the binary image to obtain a pseudo-color background;
adding the display scene and the pseudo-color background to obtain a final pseudo-color image;
the controller transmits the final pseudo-color image to the display unit.
10. The optical system of claim 9, wherein the controller performs image parallax transformation on the image captured by the imager such that the image obtained by the receiving surface of the imager is coincident with the image obtained by the ambient light directly transmitting the holographic element and the base layer on the retina of the human eye.
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