CN113030928A - Polarization radar extended target self-adaptive detection method and system in non-uniform environment - Google Patents

Polarization radar extended target self-adaptive detection method and system in non-uniform environment Download PDF

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CN113030928A
CN113030928A CN202110160244.6A CN202110160244A CN113030928A CN 113030928 A CN113030928 A CN 113030928A CN 202110160244 A CN202110160244 A CN 202110160244A CN 113030928 A CN113030928 A CN 113030928A
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radar
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CN113030928B (en
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刘维建
李槟槟
周必雷
杜庆磊
陈辉
王永良
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Air Force Early Warning Academy
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/006—Theoretical aspects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/04—Systems determining presence of a target
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/415—Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target

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Abstract

The invention relates to a polarization radar extended target self-adaptive detection method and a system in a non-uniform environment, wherein the system comprises the following steps: the device comprises a data matrix construction module, a detection statistic construction module, a detection threshold calculation module and a target judgment module; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining a data matrix to be detected, a training sample matrix and a signal matrix, then calculating detection statistics, then determining a detection threshold, further comparing the size between the detection statistics and the detection threshold, if the detection statistics is smaller than the detection threshold, judging that a target does not exist, otherwise, judging that the target exists. The detector designed by the invention fully utilizes the polarization characteristic of electromagnetic waves, realizes the integrated functions of clutter suppression, signal accumulation and constant false alarm processing, and has simple structure and excellent performance.

Description

Polarization radar extended target self-adaptive detection method and system in non-uniform environment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of signal detection, in particular to adaptive target detection research in a clutter environment.
Background
Polarization is one of the inherent properties of electromagnetic waves. If the radar can make full use of the polarization information of the target, the detection performance of the radar can be greatly improved. However, the environment in which the radar works is complex and variable, and in addition to thermal noise and a target signal which may exist, a large amount of clutter often exists in radar receiving data. On one hand, the power of the clutter is far greater than the echo power of the target; on the other hand, echo powers of different terrain and ground objects are greatly different, and the non-uniform characteristic is shown. Both of the above two aspects provide a serious challenge for improving the detection performance of the radar target under the non-uniform strong clutter background.
In order to solve the problem of target detection of the polarized radar under the background of the non-uniform strong clutter, the invention provides an effective target detection method based on a self-adaptive detection idea.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a polarization radar extended target self-adaptive detection method and system in a non-uniform environment, and aims to solve the problem of low detection performance in the prior art.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for adaptively detecting an extended target of a polarization radar in a non-uniform environment, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining a data matrix to be detected, a training sample matrix and a signal matrix;
step 2: calculating a detection statistic;
and step 3: determining a detection threshold;
and 4, step 4: and comparing the detection statistic with the detection threshold, judging that the target does not exist if the detection statistic is smaller than the detection threshold, and judging that the target exists if the detection statistic is larger than or equal to the detection threshold.
Further, in step 2, the detection data matrix, the training sample matrix and the signal matrix are respectively
X＝[x1,x2,…,xK]，Y＝[y1,y2,…,yL]And are and
Figure BDA0002936258580000021
wherein K is the extension dimension of the target to be detected, xkHas a dimension of 3 Nx 1, N is the number of radar array elements of each polarization channel, K is 1,2, …, K, ylThe number of training samples is the first training sample near the data to be detected, the dimension is 3 Nx 1, L is 1,2, …, L is the number of training samples, I3Is a 3 x 3 dimensional identity matrix,
Figure BDA0002936258580000022
representing the Kroneck product, the Nx 1-dimensional column vector a (theta) has an expression
Figure BDA0002936258580000023
Wherein d is the distance between radar array elements, lambda is the wavelength of radar emission signal, theta is the included angle between target and normal of radar array surface, (. DEG)TIndicating transposition.
Further, in step 2, the detection statistic is
Figure BDA0002936258580000024
Wherein, IKDenotes a K × K dimensional unit matrix, and tr (-) denotes a trace of the matrix.
Further, the expression of the matrix A in the step 2 is
A＝XHS-1X
Wherein, the upper label (·)HAnd (3) representing conjugate transposition, wherein X is a 3 NxK dimensional data matrix to be detected.
Further, the expression of the matrix B in the step 2 is
B＝XHS-1H(HHS-1H)-1HHS-1X。
Further, the expression of the matrix S in the step 2 is
S＝YYH。
Further, the physical quantities in the step 2
Figure BDA0002936258580000031
Is a unique solution of the following equation
Figure BDA0002936258580000032
Wherein λ iskIs the kth non-zero eigenvalue of matrix A, k is 1,2, …, r0，r0The smaller of 3N and K.
Further, the detection threshold in step 4 is:
η＝t(n*)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002936258580000033
m is the simulation times of Monte Carlo, mu is the false alarm probability value set by the system,
Figure BDA0002936258580000034
for rounding operations, t (i) is the sequence
Figure BDA0002936258580000035
The ith maximum value is arranged from large to small,
Figure BDA0002936258580000036
x (k) is the kth realization of the data matrix to be detected containing only clutter and noise components, k being 1,2, …, M.
Further, the comparison between the detection statistic and the detection threshold in step 4 is determined according to the following two cases:
if the detection statistic Detector is greater than or equal to the detection threshold eta, judging that the target exists;
and if the detection statistic Detector is smaller than the detection threshold eta, judging that the target does not exist.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an adaptive detection system for extended targets of a polarization radar in a non-uniform environment, including:
the data matrix constructing module is used for constructing a data matrix to be detected, a training sample matrix and a signal matrix;
the detection statistic construction module is used for constructing detection statistic by utilizing a data matrix to be detected, a training sample matrix and a signal matrix;
the detection threshold calculation module is used for determining a detection threshold by using the false alarm probability and the detection statistic set by the system;
and the target judgment module is used for comparing the detection statistic with the detection threshold, judging that the target exists if the detection statistic is larger than the detection threshold, and otherwise judging that the target does not exist.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by constructing a signal matrix, the method achieves the effect of being suitable for the polarization radar, fully utilizes the polarization characteristic, and exploits the potential of radar target detection performance;
(2) by utilizing the sampling covariance matrix, the invention achieves the effect of inhibiting the non-uniform strong clutter;
(3) by designing the self-adaptive detection idea, the invention realizes the integration of clutter suppression, signal accumulation and constant false alarm processing;
(4) the invention simplifies the flow, shortens the time required by target detection and improves the detection probability.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for adaptively detecting an extended target of a polarization radar in a non-uniform environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural framework diagram of an adaptive detection system for extended targets of a polarized radar in a non-uniform environment according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described below with reference to examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Assuming that a phased array radar adopts a fully polarized antenna, the number of antenna array elements of each polarization is N, and assuming that the angle of a target relative to the normal of the radar array is θ, the polarized received data s of the radar can be expressed as:
s＝Hp (1)
where the signal matrix H is known with dimensions 3N x 3, the vector p is unknown, representing the signal coordinates, with dimensions 3 x 1, and having an expression of H
Figure BDA0002936258580000051
In the formula I3Is a 3 x 3 dimensional identity matrix,
Figure BDA0002936258580000052
representing the Kroneck product, the Nx 1-dimensional column vector a (theta) has an expression
Figure BDA0002936258580000053
Wherein d is the distance between radar array elements, λ is the wavelength of radar emission signal, θ is the angle between the target and the normal of radar array surface, (. DEG)TIndicating transposition.
Assuming that the data to be detected occupies K consecutive distance units, the data to be detected can be represented by a 3N × K dimensional matrix as X ═ X1,x2,…,xK]，xkHas a dimension of 3N × 1, K ═ 1,2, …, K.
Data x to be detectedkIn addition to containing targets, it also contains clutter and noise components. Let the sum of the noise and noise components be wkThe covariance matrix is R. In factIn an inter-environment, the clutter plus noise covariance matrix R is usually unknown, and for this reason, a certain number of training samples are needed to estimate R. Assuming that there are L training samples, we use a 3 NxL dimensional matrix Y ═ Y1,y2,…,yL]Represents, wherein, 3N x 1 dimensional data ylIndicating the ith training sample, L ═ 1,2, …, L, near the data to be examined.
The invention aims to solve the problem of extended target detection of the polarization radar in the non-uniform clutter environment. To achieve the above object, please refer to fig. 1, which is a schematic flow chart of a method for adaptively detecting an extended target of a polarization radar in a non-uniform environment according to the present invention, and the method for adaptively detecting an extended target of a polarization radar in a non-uniform environment according to the present invention includes:
step 1: determining a data matrix to be detected, a training sample matrix and a signal matrix;
step 2: calculating a detection statistic;
and step 3: determining a detection threshold;
and 4, step 4: and comparing the detection statistic with the detection threshold, judging that the target does not exist if the detection statistic is smaller than the detection threshold, and judging that the target exists if the detection statistic is larger than or equal to the detection threshold.
Specifically, in step 2, the detection data matrix, the training sample matrix and the signal matrix are respectively
X＝[x1,x2,…,xK]，Y＝[y1,y2,…,yL]And are and
Figure BDA0002936258580000061
where K is the extended dimension of the target to be detected, xkHas a dimension of 3 Nx 1, N is the number of radar array elements of each polarization, K is 1,2, …, K, ylThe first training sample near the data to be detected, L is 1,2, …, L is the number of training samples, I3Is a 3 x 3 dimensional identity matrix,
Figure BDA0002936258580000071
representing the Kroneck product, the Nx 1-dimensional column vector a (theta) has an expression
Figure BDA0002936258580000072
Wherein d is the distance between radar array elements, λ is the wavelength of radar emission signal, θ is the angle between the target and the normal of radar array surface, (. DEG)TIndicating transposition.
Specifically, in step 2, the detection statistic is
Figure BDA0002936258580000073
In the formula IKDenotes a K × K dimensional unit matrix, and tr (-) denotes a trace of the matrix.
Specifically, the expression of the matrix A in the step 2 is
A＝XHS-1X
In the formula, the upper label (·)HAnd (3) representing conjugate transposition, wherein X is a 3 NxK dimensional data matrix to be detected.
Specifically, the expression of the matrix B in the step 2 is
B＝XHS-1H(HHS-1H)-1HHS-1X。
Specifically, the expression of the matrix S in step 2 is
S＝YYH。
Specifically, the physical quantities in the step 2
Figure BDA0002936258580000074
Is a unique solution of the following equation
Figure BDA0002936258580000075
In the formula, λkIs the kth non-zero eigenvalue of matrix A, k is 1,2, …, r0，r0The smaller of 3N and K.
Specifically, the detection threshold in step 4 is:
η＝t(n*)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002936258580000081
m is the simulation times of Monte Carlo, mu is the false alarm probability value set by the system,
Figure BDA0002936258580000082
for rounding operations, t (i) is the sequence
Figure BDA0002936258580000083
The ith maximum value is arranged from large to small,
Figure BDA0002936258580000084
x (k) is the kth realization of the data matrix to be detected containing only clutter and noise components, k being 1,2, …, M.
Specifically, the comparison between the detection statistic and the detection threshold in step 4 is determined according to the following two cases:
if the detection statistic Detector is greater than or equal to the detection threshold eta, judging that the target exists;
and if the detection statistic Detector is smaller than the detection threshold eta, judging that the target does not exist.
Fig. 2 is a structural frame diagram of an extended target adaptive detection system of a polarized radar in a non-uniform environment according to the present invention. The invention also provides a polarization radar extended target self-adaptive detection system in the non-uniform environment, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the data matrix constructing module is used for constructing a data matrix to be detected, a training sample matrix and a signal matrix;
the detection statistic construction module is used for constructing detection statistic by utilizing a data matrix to be detected, a training sample matrix and a signal matrix;
the detection threshold calculation module is used for determining a detection threshold by using the false alarm probability and the detection statistic set by the system;
and the target judgment module is used for comparing the detection statistic with the detection threshold, judging that the target exists if the detection statistic is larger than the detection threshold, and otherwise judging that the target does not exist.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention; various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The method for adaptively detecting the extended target of the polarization radar in the non-uniform environment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: determining a data matrix to be detected, a training sample matrix and a signal matrix;
step 2: calculating a detection statistic;
and step 3: determining a detection threshold;
and 4, step 4: and comparing the detection statistic with the detection threshold, judging that the target does not exist if the detection statistic is smaller than the detection threshold, and judging that the target exists if the detection statistic is larger than or equal to the detection threshold.
2. The adaptive detection method for extended targets of polarized radar in heterogeneous environment according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the detection data matrix, the training sample matrix and the signal matrix are respectively
X＝[x1,x2,…,xK]，Y＝[y1,y2,…,yL]And are and
Figure FDA0002936258570000011
where K is the extended dimension of the target to be detected, xkHas a dimension of 3 Nx 1, N is the number of radar array elements of each polarization channel, K is 1,2, …, K, ylThe number of training samples is the first training sample near the data to be detected, the dimension is 3 Nx 1, L is 1,2, …, L is the number of training samples, I3Is a 3 x 3 dimensional identity matrix,
Figure FDA0002936258570000012
representing the Kroneck product, the Nx 1-dimensional column vector a (theta) has an expression
Figure FDA0002936258570000013
Wherein d is the distance between radar array elements, λ is the wavelength of radar emission signal, θ is the angle between the target and the normal of radar array surface, (. DEG)TIndicating transposition.
3. The adaptive detection method for extended targets of polarized radar in heterogeneous environment according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the detection statistics are:
Figure FDA0002936258570000021
in the formula IKExpressing a K multiplied by K dimensional unit matrix, tr (-) expresses the trace of the matrix, and the expression of the matrix A is as follows: a ═ XHS-1X, the expression of matrix B is: b ═ XHS-1H(HHS-1H)-1HHS-1X, physical quantity
Figure FDA0002936258570000022
Is a unique solution of the following equation
Figure FDA0002936258570000023
In the formula, λkIs the kth non-zero eigenvalue of matrix A, k is 1,2, …, r0，r0The smaller of 3N and K;
in the expression of matrix A and matrix B, superscript (. cndot.)HRepresenting conjugate transposition, X is a 3 NxK dimensional data matrix to be detected, and the expression of the matrix S is
S＝YYH。
4. The adaptive detection method for the extended target of the polarized radar in the inhomogeneous environment according to claim 3, wherein the detection threshold in the step 4 is:
η＝t(n*)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002936258570000024
m is the simulation times of Monte Carlo, mu is the false alarm probability value set by the system,
Figure FDA0002936258570000025
for rounding operations, t (i) is the sequence
Figure FDA0002936258570000026
The ith maximum value is arranged from large to small,
Figure FDA0002936258570000027
x (k) is the kth realization of the data matrix to be detected containing only clutter and noise components, k being 1,2, …, M.
5. The adaptive detection method for extended targets of polarized radar in inhomogeneous environment as claimed in claim 4, wherein the comparison between detection statistic and detection threshold in step 4 is determined according to the following two cases:
if the detection statistic Detector is greater than or equal to the detection threshold eta, judging that the target exists;
and if the detection statistic Detector is smaller than the detection threshold eta, judging that the target does not exist.
6. The polarization radar extended target adaptive detection system applied to the non-uniform environment of the detection method of any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the data matrix constructing module is used for constructing a data matrix to be detected, a training sample matrix and a signal matrix;
the detection statistic construction module is used for constructing detection statistic by utilizing a data matrix to be detected, a training sample matrix and a signal matrix;
the detection threshold calculation module is used for determining a detection threshold by using the false alarm probability and the detection statistic set by the system;
and the target judgment module is used for comparing the detection statistic with the detection threshold, judging that the target exists if the detection statistic is larger than the detection threshold, and otherwise judging that the target does not exist.
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