CN113030154A - Villiaumite flowing solidification behavior simulation experiment system - Google Patents

Villiaumite flowing solidification behavior simulation experiment system Download PDF

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CN113030154A
CN113030154A CN202110244913.8A CN202110244913A CN113030154A CN 113030154 A CN113030154 A CN 113030154A CN 202110244913 A CN202110244913 A CN 202110244913A CN 113030154 A CN113030154 A CN 113030154A
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solidification
conduction oil
heat conduction
coolant
storage tank
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CN113030154B (en
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刘利民
曾陈
刘茂龙
顾汉洋
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/02Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering

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Abstract

The invention discloses a villiaumite flowing solidification behavior simulation experiment system, which comprises a solidification loop and a coolant loop, wherein the solidification loop is connected with the coolant loop; the solidification loop comprises a high-pressure argon gas cylinder, a heater and a heat conduction oil storage tank which are arranged on two sides of the solidification experiment section, the heat conduction oil storage tank is provided with the heater, the high-pressure helium gas cylinder is communicated with the heat conduction oil storage tank, one heat conduction oil storage tank is communicated to the solidification experiment section through a pipeline, and the solidification experiment section is communicated to the other heat conduction oil storage tank through a pipeline; the solidification experiment section comprises an experiment section, the experiment section comprises a heat conduction oil flow passage and a coolant flow passage, and the cooling loop comprises a coolant storage tank and a pump; and heat conduction oil in the heat conduction oil flow channel exchanges heat with the coolant in the coolant flow channel in the experimental section, and the heat conduction oil is Dowtherm A or Drakesol260AT heat conduction oil. The system can simulate the flow solidification behavior of the villiaumite to summarize the change rule of the solidification layer along with the dimensionless numbers such as the supercooling degree of the fluid, the Reynolds number, the Rayleigh number and the like in the solidification process.

Description

Villiaumite flowing solidification behavior simulation experiment system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of experimental devices, and particularly relates to a villiaumite flowing solidification behavior simulation experiment system.
Background
The molten salt reactor is a reactor used as fluoride coolant in a fourth-generation advanced nuclear energy system, has high energy conversion efficiency, good safety, normal-pressure operation and good nuclear diffusion prevention property, and is a fourth-generation reactor type which is intensively developed by GIF (global institute of nuclear power and energy international forum (nuclear reactor)). Supercooling and freezing of coolant in the flowing process is a difficult problem which must be solved before safety review and commercial operation of the molten salt reactor. Because the melting point of the coolant used by the molten salt reactor is far higher than the ambient temperature, if the coolant is solidified, a series of challenges are brought to the safe operation of the reactor, for example, the heat exchange capacity is reduced due to the reduction of the circulation flow, the flow channel is blocked, even the pipeline is damaged, and the safety of the reactor system is damaged. Therefore, equipment damage or system failure caused by the overcooling solidification of the reactor coolant in the steady-state operation of the reactor or in the later period of an accident is classified as one of design benchmark accidents requiring important attention of the molten salt reactor. Therefore, the research on the fluorine salt solidification behavior experiment is of great significance.
At present, the research of solidification experiments of molten salts under the flowing condition is almost blank, and the research on the solidification mechanism, the heat and mass transfer behaviors in the solidification process and the flowing resistance characteristics is very limited. Due to the high melting point and non-visual characteristics of the molten salt fluid, the experimental study on the flow solidification of the molten salt fluid by using a traditional method is difficult, the existing flow solidification model is obtained based on the flow solidification experiment of unitary fluid such as water and the like or the numerical simulation of binary liquid mixture which is not fully verified, and the applicability and the accuracy of the model to the fluoride coolant used by the molten salt reactor are still to be verified. For liquid mixture coolants used in molten salt piles, there is no fixed solidification point of a unitary fluid like water, but rather a mushy zone comprising a liquid phase and a solid phase is created during solidification, the solidification mechanism of which is clearly distinguished from that of a unitary fluid. Therefore, advanced experimental measurement methods are necessary to carry out deep research on the flow heat and mass transfer mechanism of the material. The operating temperature of the fluorine salt is too high, the melting point is higher than 400 ℃, the high-temperature fluorine salt has strong corrosion to the pipeline, the difficulty of carrying out the fluorine salt experiment is high, and the cost is high.
The thermodynamic behavior of Dowtherm A or Drakesol260AT produced by Dow chemical company in the lower temperature range is very similar to that of high temperature FLiBe, and the characteristic makes Dowtherm A or Drakesol260AT feasible for simulating high temperature fluorine salt under low temperature conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a villiaumite flowing solidification behavior simulation experiment system, which simulates villiaumite flowing solidification behavior to summarize the change rule of a solidification layer along with dimensionless numbers such as fluid supercooling degree, Reynolds number (Re) and Rayleigh number (Ra) in the solidification process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fluoride salt flowing solidification behavior simulation experiment system comprises a solidification loop and a coolant loop;
the device comprises a solidification loop, a heat conduction oil storage tank, a heater and a heat conduction oil storage tank, wherein the high-pressure argon bottle, the heater and the heat conduction oil storage tank are arranged on two sides of a solidification experimental section, the heat conduction oil storage tank is a closed container and is used for containing heat conduction oil, the heat conduction oil storage tank is provided with the heater and is used for adjusting the temperature of the heat conduction oil, the high-pressure helium bottle is communicated with the heat conduction oil storage tank and is used for adjusting the pressure difference in the two heat conduction oil storage tanks so as to adjust the conveying flow of the heat conduction oil, one heat conduction oil storage tank is communicated;
the solidification experiment section comprises an experiment section, the experiment section comprises a heat conduction oil flow passage and a coolant flow passage, a cooling circuit comprises a coolant storage tank and a pump, and coolant in the coolant storage tank is conveyed to the coolant flow passage through the pump; and heat conduction oil in the heat conduction oil flow channel exchanges heat with the coolant in the coolant flow channel in the experimental section, and the heat conduction oil is Dowtherm A or Drakesol260AT heat conduction oil.
Preferably, two runners of heat conduction oil runner and coolant runner are the rectangle passageway, separate by the copper between two runners, solidify the experiment section except the copper that sets up in the middle, other parts comprise organic glass to realize visual measurement.
Preferably, the visual measurement is based on laser diagnosis, and comprises synchronous measurement of particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence.
Preferably, the laser emitted by the laser irradiates the solidification experiment section to be reflected, and the light path of the solidification experiment section is divided into a particle image velocimetry light path for measuring the velocity field of the experiment section and a laser-induced fluorescence light path for measuring the temperature field of the experiment section by using the spectroscope.
Preferably, the heat conducting oil is internally provided with trace particles and a fluorescent agent solution.
Preferably, a filter for filtering the laser wavelength band is placed in front of the laser-induced fluorescence measurement camera, and the measurement data is led into a computer through a synchronizer for subsequent data processing.
Preferably, the coolant is conveyed back to the coolant storage tank through the solidification experiment section; the coolant loop realizes the forward or reverse flow of the coolant through a pipeline and a valve switch.
Preferably, the end parts of the solidification experiment sections on the two sides are provided with buffer chambers, the two opposite side surfaces of each buffer chamber are provided with openings as inlets of heat conduction oil, the heat conduction oil enters from the openings on the two sides, is mixed to enter the buffer chambers, and then flows out from the side surfaces of the buffer chambers to enter the solidification experiment sections.
Preferably, the coolant storage tank is provided with a temperature adjusting part and a flow adjusting valve for adjusting the temperature and the flow of the coolant; and a flowmeter, a thermometer and a flow regulating valve are arranged at both ends of the solidification experiment section.
Preferably, the coagulation loop is arranged symmetrically about the experimental section.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the villiaumite flowing solidification behavior simulation experiment system can reveal the solidification mechanism under laminar flow, transition flow and turbulent flow conditions, summarize the change rule of a solidification layer along with dimensionless numbers such as fluid supercooling degree, Reynolds number (Re) and Rayleigh number (Ra) in the solidification process, obtain the flow channel blockage judgment criterion caused by villiaumite solidification under the flowing condition in the pipe, and provide theoretical support for the design and safety analysis of a molten salt reactor.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental system according to an embodiment;
the structural intent of the solidification experiment segment of the embodiment of FIG. 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an experimental section of an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the inlet and outlet buffers of the solidification experiment section in the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a laser diagnostic measurement of an experimental section of an embodiment;
wherein: 1-a high pressure argon bottle; 2-a heater; 3, a heat conducting oil storage tank; 4-a coolant storage tank; 5-solidification experiment section; 51A-heat conduction oil flow channel; 51B-coolant flow passages; 52-a laminar or turbulent flow development zone; 53-a buffer chamber; 54-copper plate; 6-1, 6-2-ball valves; 7-a centrifugal pump; 8-1 electromagnetic flow meter; 8-2 thermocouples; 8-3 pressure sensors; 8-4 pressure sensors; 8-5 of a filter; 9-1 regulating valve; 9-2 check valves; 9-3 ball valves; 9-4 pressure reducing valve.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In practice, the invention will be understood to cover all modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims.
For a better illustration of the invention, the following detailed description of the invention is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Examples
The invention aims to provide a villiaumite flowing solidification behavior simulation experiment system, which can reveal the solidification mechanism under laminar flow, transition flow and turbulent flow conditions, summarize the change rule of a solidification layer along with dimensionless numbers such as fluid supercooling degree, Reynolds number (Re) and Rayleigh number (Ra) in the solidification process, obtain the flow channel blockage judgment criterion caused by villiaumite solidification under the condition of flowing in a pipe, and provide theoretical support for the design and safety analysis of a molten salt reactor. Supercooling degree, Re and Ra were determined by temperature, pressure, flow rate measurement and pipe size during the test.
Referring to fig. 1, the fluoride salt solidification behavior simulation experiment system of the present invention is composed of a solidification circuit and a coolant circuit. The solidification loop mainly comprises a high-pressure argon bottle 1, a heater 2, a heat-conducting oil storage tank 3 and a solidification experiment section 5; the cooling circuit includes a coolant storage tank 4 and a pump (e.g., a centrifugal pump) and the like. Two high-pressure helium bottles are arranged at two ends of the solidification loop, the helium bottles are connected with the heat conduction oil storage tank 3 through a pressure reducing valve, a check valve and a pressure regulator, and heat conduction oil flows from one end to the other end by regulating the pressure difference in the two heat conduction oil storage tanks 3. The pressure in the heat conduction oil storage tank is controlled by a pressure controller and a pressure relief valve which are arranged above the heat conduction oil storage tank. The flow of the heat conduction oil in the experimental section is realized by adjusting different pressure differences between the two heat conduction oil storage tanks, so that the change range of the Reynolds number of the heat conduction oil is 20-10000. Considering that the experiment section can be solidified, the front flow and the rear flow of the experiment section can be changed, and therefore, two flowmeters can be respectively arranged at two ends of the experiment section and used for measuring the flow of the inflow experiment section and the outflow experiment section.
The heater 2 may be implemented in a suitable manner, such as an electric heater, for example, a heater disposed inside or outside the thermal oil storage tank.
The heat transfer oil is Dowtherm A or Drakesol260AT heat transfer oil, in one embodiment, Drakesol260AT heat transfer oil is preferred, and the coolant is selected to be water, but other suitable coolants can be selected according to needs.
The solidification experiment section 5 comprises an experiment section 51, and the experiment section 51 comprises a heat conduction oil flow passage 51A and a coolant flow passage 51B.
The experiment section 51 of the solidification experiment section 5 comprises a heat conduction oil flow passage 51A and a coolant flow passage 51B, both the two flow passages are rectangular passages, and the two flow passages are separated by a copper plate 54 with the thickness of 2 mm; the experimental section is composed of organic glass except a copper plate arranged in the middle, so that visual measurement based on laser diagnosis is realized. The reason for the rectangular channel design is to facilitate optical observation and study of the solidification behavior of the fluid on the plate. Visual measurements include simultaneous measurements of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). According to the viscosity and density of the Drakesol260AT heat transfer oil, hollow glass beads with good follow-up property and the particle size of 20 mu m are selected as tracer particles. Meanwhile, rhodamine B solution with the concentration of 0.2mg/L is added as fluorescent particles. In order to realize the synchronous measurement of the PIV and the LIF, a spectroscope is used for dividing the light path of the experimental section into a PIV light path for measuring the speed field of the experimental section and an LIF light path for measuring the temperature field of the experimental section. A filter for filtering out the laser wavelength band is placed in front of the LIF measuring camera. And finally, importing the PIV and LIF measurement data into a computer through a synchronizer for subsequent data processing.
The inlet and outlet of the heat-conducting oil flow passage of the solidification experiment section are respectively connected with two heat-conducting oil storage tanks. And thermocouples and flowmeters are respectively installed at the inlet and the outlet of the flow channel and used for calculating the speed, the temperature, the Re and other information of the heat-conducting oil in the heat-conducting oil flow channel. The temperature of the heat conduction oil is cooled to be below a freezing point through the convective heat transfer of the experimental section coolant flow channel, and the solidification behavior of the heat conduction oil above the copper plate is realized. The Reynolds number of the heat conduction oil solidification experiment section is controlled by adjusting the pressure difference of the heat conduction oil storage tanks at the two ends and the valve of the regulating valve of the solidification experiment section, and the temperature of the heat conduction oil is controlled by the heater of the heat conduction oil storage tanks.
One part of the solidification experiment section 5 is set as an experiment section 51 to carry out a heat exchange solidification experiment, and the other part of the solidification experiment section is used as a laminar flow or turbulent flow development area 52, so that the conduction oil fluid enters the experiment section to be laminar flow or turbulent flow. In order to reduce the length of a laminar flow or turbulent flow development area of the solidification experiment section, the end parts of the solidification experiment section on two sides are provided with buffer cavities 53, two opposite side surfaces of each buffer cavity 53 are provided with openings 53A as inlets of heat conduction oil, the heat conduction oil of the solidification experiment section enters from two sides of the buffer cavities, is mixed to enter the buffer cavities, and then flows out from the side surfaces of the buffer cavities to enter the solidification experiment section. In order to further enhance the buffering effect of the buffer cavity, the cross-sectional area of the buffer cavity along the fluid flowing direction can be set to be larger than that of the solidification experimental section, the heat conduction oil in the buffer cavity can enter the direction and flow out of the heat conduction oil on the same straight line, and the heat conduction oil can enter the direction and flow out of the heat conduction oil to be vertical or in other suitable modes.
Further, the loop of the freezing section is arranged to be symmetrical about the experimental section. The advantage of symmetry lies in can accomplishing once experimental back, need not return the conduction oil to original conduction oil holding vessel again, but can readjust the pressure differential of two conduction oil holding vessels, makes the conduction oil flow direction reverse, carries out next operating mode experiment to improve test efficiency.
Thermocouples are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the cooling water flow passage of the experimental section to measure the enthalpy value of water at the inlet and the outlet, and the total heat exchange quantity can be calculated according to a flowmeter arranged on a loop. The cooling water loop of the experimental section consists of a water storage tank, a centrifugal pump, a flowmeter, a valve and the like.
The flow direction of the cooling water is controlled by opening or closing the related valves in the cooling water loop of the experimental section, so that the flow direction of the cooling water is opposite to the flow direction of the heat transfer oil all the time, and a better cooling effect is achieved. As shown in figure 1, a pipeline at the outlet of a centrifugal pump of the coolant loop and a pipeline returning to the coolant loop are connected in a cross mode through at least two branch pipes, and the forward or reverse flow of the coolant is achieved through the same-opening and same-closing valves arranged on the pipeline and the branch pipes.
The system is described below in conjunction with the experimental procedure of an example.
Referring to fig. 1, the fluoride salt solidification behavior simulation experiment system of the present invention is composed of a solidification circuit and a coolant circuit. The solidification loop mainly comprises a high-pressure argon bottle 1, a heater 2, a heat-conducting oil storage tank 3 and a solidification experiment section 5; the cooling circuit includes a coolant storage tank 4, a centrifugal pump 7, and the like.
Before Drakesol260AT heat transfer oil is injected into a heat transfer oil storage tank, a proper amount of hollow glass bead PIV particles with the particle size of 20 mu m and a proper amount of rhodamine B fluorescent agent solution are added into the heat transfer oil according to the volume of the heat transfer oil, so that the concentration of the rhodamine B solution is 0.2 mg/L.
Before the experiment is started, Drakesol260AT heat transfer oil added with PIV particles and a fluorescent agent solution is injected into a heat transfer oil storage tank, and then the tightness of the system and the reading of a pressure sensor are checked to be normal. If not the first experiment, then utilize pressure regulator to adjust the pressure of both ends conduction oil holding vessel, open all valves in experiment return circuit, in the conduction oil of one of them conduction oil holding vessel is whole to be transmitted another conduction oil holding vessel to guarantee in the target experiment time, the conduction oil can satisfy and flow to another conduction oil holding vessel from a conduction oil holding vessel all the time.
Firstly, the working condition of a solidification experiment loop is adjusted. The temperature of the heat transfer oil is adjusted to the temperature of the experimental design working condition by using the heater in the heat transfer oil storage tank, and then the pressure in the two heat transfer oil storage tanks is adjusted to enable the heat transfer oil to flow from the heat transfer oil storage tank at one end to the heat transfer oil storage tank at the other end. The flow of the heat conduction oil is controlled by adjusting the pressure difference of the two heat conduction oil storage tanks, and when the solidification experiment loop operates stably, the coolant loop can be opened to cool the heat conduction oil so that the solidification phenomenon occurs.
When the working condition of the heat conduction oil loop is adjusted, the temperature of water in the water tank of the coolant loop can be adjusted at the same time, so that the temperature of the water in the water tank of the coolant loop reaches the working condition temperature of experimental design. After the experiment section is stably operated, the coolant pump is turned on, and the coolant at the experiment body can flow forwards or backwards by simultaneously closing the ball valve 6-1 and the ball valve 6-2 or simultaneously opening the ball valve 6-1 and the ball valve 6-2. By adjusting the temperature and the flow rate of the coolant in the coolant storage tank, the simulation of the solidification behavior of Drakesol260AT heat transfer oil under different boundary conditions can be realized. The temperature difference between two ends of the experimental loop coolant channel is not more than 0.1 ℃ by adjusting the flow of the coolant so as to simulate the solidification behavior of Drakesol260AT heat transfer oil under the condition of constant wall temperature. The temperature of the coolant in the coolant storage tank is adjusted to simulate the solidification behavior of Drakesol260AT conduction oil under different constant wall temperature conditions.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A fluoride salt flowing solidification behavior simulation experiment system is characterized by comprising a solidification loop and a coolant loop;
the device comprises a solidification loop, a heat conduction oil storage tank, a heater and a heat conduction oil storage tank, wherein the high-pressure argon bottle, the heater and the heat conduction oil storage tank are arranged on two sides of a solidification experimental section, the heat conduction oil storage tank is a closed container and is used for containing heat conduction oil, the heat conduction oil storage tank is provided with the heater and is used for adjusting the temperature of the heat conduction oil, the high-pressure helium bottle is communicated with the heat conduction oil storage tank and is used for adjusting the pressure difference in the two heat conduction oil storage tanks so as to adjust the conveying flow of the heat conduction oil, one heat conduction oil storage tank is communicated;
the solidification experiment section comprises an experiment section, the experiment section comprises a heat conduction oil flow passage and a coolant flow passage, a cooling circuit comprises a coolant storage tank and a pump, and coolant in the coolant storage tank is conveyed to the coolant flow passage through the pump; and heat conduction oil in the heat conduction oil flow channel exchanges heat with the coolant in the coolant flow channel in the experimental section, and the heat conduction oil is Dowtherm A or Drakesol260AT heat conduction oil.
2. The system for simulating and testing the flowing and solidifying behaviors of the villiaumite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two flow channels of the heat-conducting oil flow channel and the coolant flow channel are rectangular channels, the two flow channels are separated by a copper plate, and the solidification test section is composed of organic glass except for the copper plate arranged in the middle so as to realize visual measurement.
3. The fluoride salt flow coagulation behavior simulation experiment system of claim 2, wherein the visualization measurement is a visualization measurement based on laser diagnosis, including a synchronous measurement of particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence.
4. The system for simulating the flowing solidification behavior of villiaumite according to claim 3, wherein the laser emitted by the laser irradiates the solidification experiment section to be reflected, and the spectroscope is used for dividing the optical path of the solidification experiment section into a particle image velocimetry optical path for measuring the velocity field of the experiment section and a laser-induced fluorescence optical path for measuring the temperature field of the experiment section.
5. The system for simulating a flow coagulation behavior of villiaumite according to claim 4, wherein the heat transfer oil contains trace particles and a fluorescent agent solution.
6. The system for simulating a flowing coagulation behavior of fluorine salt according to claim 4, wherein a filter for filtering out a laser wavelength band is placed in front of the laser-induced fluorescence measurement camera, and measurement data is inputted into a computer for subsequent data processing through a synchronizer.
7. The fluoro-salt flow solidification behavior simulation experiment system as claimed in claim 1, wherein coolant is fed back to the coolant storage tank through both the solidification experiment section and the cooling tank; the coolant loop realizes the forward or reverse flow of the coolant through a pipeline and a valve switch.
8. The system for simulating the flowing solidification behavior of the fluorine salt according to claim 1, wherein the end parts of the solidification experiment sections on both sides are provided with buffer chambers, the two opposite side surfaces of the buffer chambers are provided with openings as inlets for heat transfer oil, and the heat transfer oil enters from the openings on both sides, is mixed and enters the buffer chambers, and then flows out from the side surfaces of the buffer chambers to enter the solidification experiment sections.
9. The fluoride salt flow solidification behavior simulation experiment system according to claim 1, wherein the coolant storage tank is provided with a temperature adjusting part and a flow adjusting valve for adjusting the temperature and the flow of the coolant; and a flowmeter, a thermometer and a flow regulating valve are arranged at both ends of the solidification experiment section.
10. The fluoride salt flow solidification behavior simulation experiment system of claim 1, wherein the solidification loop is configured to be symmetrical with respect to the experimental section.
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