CN113029653A - Sampling device suitable for research of ancient geomagnetism of marine sedimentary rock - Google Patents
Sampling device suitable for research of ancient geomagnetism of marine sedimentary rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN113029653A CN113029653A CN202110280418.2A CN202110280418A CN113029653A CN 113029653 A CN113029653 A CN 113029653A CN 202110280418 A CN202110280418 A CN 202110280418A CN 113029653 A CN113029653 A CN 113029653A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sampling device suitable for researching ancient geomagnetism of marine sedimentary rock, which comprises a seat body; the clamping device is arranged on the base body and used for clamping the core sample; the gantry support is arranged on the base body, a transverse displacement assembly is arranged on the gantry support, and a longitudinal displacement assembly is arranged on a moving body of the transverse displacement assembly; the rotary indexing platform is arranged at the lower end of the moving body of the longitudinal displacement assembly; a plurality of sampling assemblies, the equipartition sets up on the lower surface of rotatory graduation platform, and sampling assembly includes: the bottom of a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder I is fixedly connected with the rotary indexing platform; the first electric chuck is arranged at the tail end of a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder, and four clamping claws I are uniformly distributed on the first electric chuck; the four blades are fixedly connected to the clamping face of the first clamping jaw in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the blades are perpendicular to the lower surface of the first electric chuck and used for increasing the clamping area of the first clamping jaw and facilitating separation of a core sample when the sample box is clamped. The invention has the advantages of accurate sampling, labor saving and convenience.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sample division for environmental magnetics and ancient geomagnetic researches, and particularly relates to a sampling device suitable for ancient geomagnetic researches of marine sedimentary rocks.
Background
In the research process of environmental magnetism and ancient geomagnetism, drilling from the sea bottom is often needed, and then a columnar core sample in a consolidation state in a geological historical period is obtained. The columnar core sample needs to be split into two semi-cylindrical samples along the diameter, then the submarine sediment is split, and the sample is loaded into a cubic sample box with the side length of 20mm to enter the magnetic parameter measurement.
At present, seabed sediment core samples for environmental magnetics and ancient geomagnetism research are generally divided by hand, 1 graduated scale is placed beside a cylindrical sample tube for recording the depth of the samples, empty sample boxes are pressed into the cylindrical cores one by hand according to the scales, and then the sample boxes filled with the samples are dug out one by using tools.
Due to the fact that artificial operation errors are large, deviation of test data is caused, the influence on ancient climate and environment research, particularly ancient geomagnetic year measurement is large, and under the sample separation mode, sample separation labor intensity of researchers is large, and sample separation efficiency is very low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a sampling device suitable for research on ancient geomagnetism of marine sedimentary rock, so as to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a sampling device suitable for research of marine facies sedimentary rock ancient earth magnetism, includes:
a base body;
the clamping device is arranged on the base body and used for clamping a rock core sample;
the gantry support is arranged on the base body, a transverse displacement assembly is arranged on the gantry support, and a longitudinal displacement assembly is arranged on a moving body of the transverse displacement assembly;
the rotary indexing platform is arranged at the lower end of the moving body of the longitudinal displacement assembly;
a plurality of sampling assemblies, the equipartition sets up on the lower surface of rotatory graduation platform, sampling assembly includes:
the bottom of a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder I is fixedly connected with the rotary indexing platform;
the first electric chuck is arranged at the tail end of a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder, and four clamping claws I are uniformly distributed on the first electric chuck;
the blades are fixedly connected to the clamping surfaces of the first clamping jaws in a one-to-one correspondence mode, are perpendicular to the lower surfaces of the first electric chucks and are used for increasing the clamping area of the first clamping jaws and facilitating separation of a rock core sample when the sample box is clamped.
Preferably, a plane turnover steering engine is further arranged between the first hydraulic cylinder and the rotary indexing platform, the steering engine is fixed to one end of a connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is fixed to the rotary indexing platform, an output shaft of the steering engine is horizontally arranged, one end, far away from the first electric chuck, of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the output shaft of the steering engine, and the central line of the first hydraulic cylinder is perpendicular to the central line of the output shaft of the steering engine.
Preferably, a vacuum generator is embedded in the first electric chuck, and an air hole of the vacuum generator is opposite to an air exhaust hole at the bottom of the sample box.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the bottom of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder II is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the steering engine and is symmetrically arranged on the output shaft of the steering engine together with the hydraulic cylinder I;
and the electric chuck II is arranged at the tail end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder II, and a plurality of clamping claws II are uniformly distributed on the electric chuck II and used for clamping the chock blocks.
Preferably, the clamping device comprises:
the second screw rod is a double-end screw rod and is horizontally arranged, two ends of the second screw rod are respectively erected on a pair of inner side walls of the seat body, one end of the second screw rod extends out of the seat body and then is connected with an output shaft of the third motor, and the third motor is fixed on the outer side wall of the seat body;
the second nut seat and the third nut seat are respectively sleeved at two ends of the second screw rod and can synchronously move in the opposite direction or move back to back along the second screw rod;
and two clamping jaws are arranged and are respectively and fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of the second nut seat and the third nut seat.
Preferably, one side of each of the two clamping jaws opposite to the third clamping jaw is provided with a semicircular supporting block respectively for supporting the core sample.
Preferably, the gantry support comprises:
and the two supporting plates are respectively arranged at two sides of the clamping device, one end of each supporting plate is fixed with the seat body, and the other end of each supporting plate is provided with a cross beam in a erecting mode.
Preferably, the lateral displacement assembly comprises:
the first screw rod is horizontally arranged on the side edge of the cross beam, two ends of the first screw rod are respectively erected on the two supporting plates, and one end of the first screw rod extends out of the supporting plates;
the first motor is fixed on one of the support plates, and an output shaft of the first motor is connected with one end of the first screw rod, which extends out of the support plates;
the first nut seat is sleeved on the first lead screw and can move left and right along the first lead screw, a sliding groove is formed in the side face of the cross beam, and the first nut seat is clamped in the sliding groove and is in sliding connection with the sliding groove.
Preferably, the longitudinal displacement assembly comprises:
the sliding block is vertically arranged, is clamped in the T-shaped through groove and is in sliding connection with the T-shaped through groove, the T-shaped through groove is formed in one side, far away from the cross beam, of the nut seat, and the lower end of the sliding block is fixed with the rotary indexing platform;
the vertically arranged rack is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding block, which is far away from the first nut seat;
the gear shaft is meshed with the rack, two ends of the gear shaft are respectively erected on the two supporting plates, and one end of the gear shaft extends out of the supporting plates;
and the second motor is fixed on one of the supporting plates, and an output shaft of the second motor is connected with one end of the gear shaft extending out of the supporting plate.
Compared with the prior art, the sampling device suitable for the ancient geomagnetic research of marine sedimentary rocks provided by the invention is accurate in sampling, labor-saving and convenient, low in sample separation labor intensity of researchers, very high in sample separation efficiency, strong in practicability and worthy of popularization aiming at the rock core samples in the consolidation state in the geological historical period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view 1 of a partial structure of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view 2 of a partial structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a sampling device suitable for research on ancient geomagnetism of marine sedimentary rock, which is described below with reference to the structural schematic diagrams of fig. 1 to 3.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the sampling device suitable for research on ancient geomagnetism of marine sedimentary rock provided by the invention comprises a base body 1 for providing integral support, wherein the base body 1 is a cavity structure, and a clamping device for clamping a core sample 18 is arranged in the cavity structure.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the structure of the clamping device includes:
the second lead screw 3, the structure of the second lead screw 3 can be preferably a double-head screw. The second screw rod 3 is horizontally arranged, two ends of the second screw rod 3 are respectively erected on a pair of inner side walls on the cavity structure of the base body 1, one end of the second screw rod 3 extends out of the base body 1 and then is connected with an output shaft of the third motor 2, and the third motor 2 is fixed on the outer side wall of the base body 1.
The second nut seat 19 and the third nut seat 20 are respectively sleeved at two ends of the second screw rod 3 and can synchronously move in opposite directions or move back to back along the second screw rod 3, the upper surfaces of the second nut seat 19 and the third nut seat 20 are respectively and fixedly connected with a third jaw 17, and the two third jaws 17 are matched to clamp a sample.
Furthermore, one side of each of the two claws 17 opposite to each other is provided with a semicircular supporting block for supporting a core sample 18.
In use, the motor III 2 is started, the motor III 2 drives the screw rod II 3 to synchronously rotate while rotating, and the nut seat II 19 and the nut seat III 20 respectively move towards opposite or opposite directions, so that the two clamping claws III 17 on the nut seat II are synchronously far away or close to each other, and the core sample 18 is clamped or placed.
Gantry support sets up on pedestal 1, and gantry support's structure includes:
two supporting plates 9 respectively arranged at two sides of the clamping device, one end of each supporting plate 9 is fixed with the seat body 1, and the other end is provided with a cross beam 10.
The gantry type displacement and sampling device comprises a gantry support, a longitudinal displacement assembly, a rotary indexing platform 15, a plurality of sampling assemblies and a longitudinal displacement assembly, wherein the transverse displacement assembly is arranged on a moving body of the transverse displacement assembly, the rotary indexing platform is arranged at the lower end of the moving body of the longitudinal displacement assembly, and the sampling assemblies are uniformly distributed on the lower surface of the rotary indexing platform 15.
As shown in fig. 2, the sampling assembly includes:
the end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder I16 is fixedly connected with an electric chuck I6, four clamping claws I are uniformly distributed on the electric chuck I6, and the four clamping claws I and the electric chuck I6 form a four-claw chuck structure; the blades 5 are four in number, are fixedly connected to the clamping surfaces of the first clamping jaws in a one-to-one correspondence mode, are perpendicular to the lower surfaces of the first electric chucks 6, and are used for increasing the clamping area of the first clamping jaws and simultaneously facilitating separation of the core sample 18 when the sample box 4 is clamped.
Under the state that rotary indexing platform 15 starts, can drive a plurality of sampling component and realize transposition. The first hydraulic cylinder 16 of the sampling assembly extends to drive the first clamping jaw and the blade 5 to synchronously descend to the cutting height of the sample for sampling, and the first hydraulic cylinder 16 of the sampling assembly retracts to drive the first clamping jaw and the blade 5 to synchronously ascend and reset.
Wherein, lateral displacement subassembly includes:
the horizontal lead screw I11 that sets up in the side of crossbeam 10, the both ends of lead screw I11 erect respectively on two backup pads 9, and one end extends outside backup pad 9 wherein. And the first motor 8 is fixed on one of the support plates 9, and the output shaft of the first motor is connected with one end of the first screw rod 11 extending out of the support plates 9. The nut seat I12 is sleeved on the lead screw I11 and can move left and right along the lead screw I11, a sliding groove is formed in the side face of the cross beam 10, and the nut seat I12 is clamped in the sliding groove and is in sliding connection with the sliding groove.
After the motor I8 is started, the motor I8 drives the screw rod I11 to rotate and simultaneously drives the nut seat I12 on the screw rod I to move along the length direction of the screw rod I11, the sliding groove plays a role in guiding the nut seat I12, and the position change of the nut seat I12 can drive the longitudinal displacement assembly and the sampling assembly on the nut seat I to change.
Wherein, the longitudinal displacement subassembly includes: a T-shaped through groove is formed in one side, away from the cross beam 10, of the nut seat I12, a vertically arranged sliding block 13 is clamped in the T-shaped through groove and is in sliding connection with the T-shaped through groove, and the lower end of the sliding block 13 is fixed with a rotary indexing platform 15.
One side of the sliding block 13, which is far away from the nut seat I12, is fixedly provided with a vertically arranged rack, two ends of a gear shaft 14 meshed with the rack are respectively erected on the two supporting plates 9, one end of the gear shaft 14 extends out of the supporting plates 9 and then is connected with an output shaft of the motor II 7, and the motor II 7 is fixed on one supporting plate 9.
After the second motor 7 is started, the second motor drives the gear shaft 14 to rotate, so that the rack can ascend or descend, and the height of the sampling assembly is driven to change.
Example 2
As a further improvement based on embodiment 1, in order to facilitate the displacement of the sample after sampling and prevent the sample from falling off in the process of moving the sample, the structure of the device is improved as shown in fig. 3, a plane-turning steering engine 21 is further arranged between the hydraulic cylinder one 16 and the rotary indexing platform 15, the steering engine 21 is fixed with one end of a connecting rod 22, the other end of the connecting rod 22 is fixed with the rotary indexing platform 15, an output shaft of the steering engine 21 is horizontally arranged, one end of the hydraulic cylinder one 16, which is far away from the electric chuck one 6, is fixed with the output shaft of the steering engine 21, and the central line of the hydraulic cylinder one 16 is perpendicular to the central line of the output shaft of the steering.
By utilizing the angle adjusting function of the steering engine 21, the sample is adjusted from the vertical position to the horizontal position after sampling, and then is moved.
Example 3
As a further improvement based on embodiment 2, in order to enhance the anti-drop effect and prevent the sample from falling off during the movement of the sample, the structure of the device is modified in such a way that a vacuum generator is embedded in the electric chuck one 6, and the air hole of the vacuum generator faces the air vent hole at the bottom of the sample box 4.
The sample is provided with suction by a vacuum generator through a vent hole in the bottom of the sample cartridge 4 to better prevent it from falling.
Example 4
As a further improvement based on embodiment 2, in order to facilitate the interval sampling and prevent the positions of the samples on both sides from changing after the middle sampling, the following improvements are made to the structure of the apparatus, as shown in fig. 3, which specifically includes:
the bottom of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder II is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the steering engine 21 and is symmetrically arranged on the output shaft of the steering engine 21 together with the hydraulic cylinder I16, an electric chuck II is fixed at the tail end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder II, and a plurality of clamping claws II for clamping are uniformly distributed on the electric chuck II and used for clamping the chock block 23.
Like this, after the interval sample, can utilize the steering wheel to rotate 180 degrees and transpose, transfer the chock 23 to the below back, start the pneumatic cylinder two and stretch out to fill in the position that leaves behind the sample with chock 23, prevent that the sample position of both sides from removing.
The sampling device suitable for the ancient geomagnetic research of marine sedimentary rocks, provided by the invention, is accurate in sampling, labor-saving, convenient and fast, low in sample separation labor intensity of researchers, very high in sample separation efficiency, strong in practicability and worthy of popularization.
The above disclosure is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a sampling device suitable for research of marine facies sedimentary rock ancient earth magnetism which characterized in that includes:
a base body (1);
the clamping device is arranged on the base body (1) and used for clamping a core sample (18);
the gantry support is arranged on the base body (1), a transverse displacement assembly is arranged on the gantry support, and a longitudinal displacement assembly is arranged on a moving body of the transverse displacement assembly;
a rotary indexing platform (15) arranged at the lower end of the moving body of the longitudinal displacement assembly;
a plurality of sampling assemblies, the equipartition sets up on the lower surface of rotatory graduation platform (15), sampling assembly includes:
the bottom of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder I (16) is fixedly connected with the rotary indexing platform (15);
the first electric chuck (6) is arranged at the tail end of a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (16), and four clamping claws I are uniformly distributed on the first electric chuck (6);
the number of the blades (5) is four, the blades (5) are fixedly connected to the clamping surfaces of the first clamping jaws in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the blades (5) are perpendicular to the lower surface of the first electric chuck (6), and the clamping area of the first clamping jaws is increased when the sample box (4) is clamped, and meanwhile the core sample (18) is conveniently separated.
2. The sampling device suitable for research on ancient geomagnetism of marine sedimentary rock according to claim 1, wherein a plane turnover steering engine (21) is further arranged between the first hydraulic cylinder (16) and the rotary indexing platform (15), the steering engine (21) is fixed to one end of a connecting rod (22), the other end of the connecting rod (22) is fixed to the rotary indexing platform (15), an output shaft of the steering engine (21) is horizontally arranged, one end, far away from the first electric chuck (6), of the first hydraulic cylinder (16) is fixed to the output shaft of the steering engine (21), and a center line of the first hydraulic cylinder (16) is perpendicular to a center line of the output shaft of the steering engine (21).
3. The sampling device suitable for the research on the ancient geomagnetism of the marine sedimentary rock according to claim 2, wherein a vacuum generator is embedded in the electric chuck I (6), and an air hole of the vacuum generator is opposite to an air exhaust hole at the bottom of the sample box (4).
4. The sampling device of claim 3, further comprising:
the bottom of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder II is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the steering engine (21) and is symmetrically arranged on the output shaft of the steering engine (21) together with the hydraulic cylinder I (16);
and the electric chuck II is arranged at the tail end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder II, and a plurality of clamping claws II are uniformly distributed on the electric chuck II and used for clamping the chock block (23).
5. The sampling device of claim 1, wherein the clamping device comprises:
the second screw rod (3) is a double-end screw rod and is horizontally arranged, two ends of the second screw rod are respectively erected on a pair of inner side walls of the seat body (1), one end of the second screw rod extends out of the seat body (1) and then is connected with an output shaft of the third motor (2), and the third motor (2) is fixed on the outer side wall of the seat body (1);
a second nut seat (19) and a third nut seat (20) which are respectively sleeved at two ends of the second lead screw (3) and can synchronously move towards each other or move away from each other along the second lead screw (3);
and two clamping claws (17) are respectively and fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of the nut seat II (19) and the nut seat III (20).
6. The sampling device suitable for the research on the ancient geomagnetism of the marine sedimentary rock according to claim 5, wherein one side of each of the two claws III (17) opposite to each other is provided with a semicircular supporting block for supporting the core sample (18).
7. The sampling device suitable for the research on the ancient geomagnetism of the marine sedimentary rock according to claim 1, wherein the gantry support comprises:
and the two supporting plates (9) are respectively arranged at two sides of the clamping device, one end of each supporting plate is fixed with the seat body (1), and the other end of each supporting plate is provided with a cross beam (10) in a bridging manner.
8. The sampling device of claim 7, wherein the lateral displacement assembly comprises:
the first screw rod (11) is horizontally arranged on the side edge of the cross beam (10), two ends of the first screw rod are respectively erected on the two supporting plates (9), and one end of the first screw rod extends out of the supporting plates (9);
the first motor (8) is fixed on one of the support plates (9), and the output shaft of the first motor is connected with one end of the first screw rod (11) extending out of the support plates (9);
the first nut seat (12) is sleeved on the first lead screw (11) and can move left and right along the first lead screw (11), a sliding groove is formed in the side face of the cross beam (10), and the first nut seat (12) is clamped in the sliding groove and is in sliding connection with the sliding groove.
9. The sampling device of claim 8, wherein the longitudinal displacement assembly comprises:
the sliding block (13) is vertically arranged, clamped in the T-shaped through groove and connected with the T-shaped through groove in a sliding mode, the T-shaped through groove is formed in one side, away from the cross beam (10), of the nut seat I (12), and the lower end of the sliding block (13) is fixed with the rotary indexing platform (15);
the vertically arranged rack is fixedly connected to one side, away from the nut seat I (12), of the sliding block (13);
the gear shaft (14) is meshed with the racks, two ends of the gear shaft (14) are respectively erected on the two support plates (9), and one end of the gear shaft extends out of the support plates (9);
and the second motor (7) is fixed on one of the support plates (9), and the output shaft of the second motor is connected with one end of the gear shaft (14) extending out of the support plates (9).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110280418.2A CN113029653B (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Sampling device suitable for research of ancient geomagnetism of marine sedimentary rock |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110280418.2A CN113029653B (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Sampling device suitable for research of ancient geomagnetism of marine sedimentary rock |
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| CN113029653B CN113029653B (en) | 2023-02-07 |
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| CN106769280A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 程燕君 | A kind of simple marine sediment PALEOMAGNETIC STUDY point sampling device |
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| CN108196308A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-22 | 东华理工大学 | Paleomagnetism small sample oriented acquisition device and application method |
| CN211602606U (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-09-29 | 山东省第一地质矿产勘查院 | Shallow rock drilling core of marine geology divides appearance device |
| CN211602720U (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-09-29 | 西北大学 | Novel rock-soil bearing capacity testing device |
| CN212482934U (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2021-02-05 | 中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心(华东地质科技创新中心) | Ancient geomagnetic sample sampler |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4487271A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1984-12-11 | Pomeroy Dan M | Portable core drill |
| JP2008039721A (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-21 | Tanaka Chishitsu Consultant:Kk | Fixed azimuth sampling device and sampling method |
| CN104236975A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-24 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Simple ocean sediment sample separating device for paleomagnetism research |
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| CN106769280A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 程燕君 | A kind of simple marine sediment PALEOMAGNETIC STUDY point sampling device |
| CN108181126A (en) * | 2017-12-24 | 2018-06-19 | 国家海洋局第海洋研究所 | Column shaped deposit sample divides sampling device |
| CN108196308A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-22 | 东华理工大学 | Paleomagnetism small sample oriented acquisition device and application method |
| CN211602606U (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-09-29 | 山东省第一地质矿产勘查院 | Shallow rock drilling core of marine geology divides appearance device |
| CN211602720U (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-09-29 | 西北大学 | Novel rock-soil bearing capacity testing device |
| CN212482934U (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2021-02-05 | 中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心(华东地质科技创新中心) | Ancient geomagnetic sample sampler |
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| CN113029653B (en) | 2023-02-07 |
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