CN113029461A - Online ultrasonic gas leakage detection system - Google Patents
Online ultrasonic gas leakage detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113029461A CN113029461A CN202110253585.8A CN202110253585A CN113029461A CN 113029461 A CN113029461 A CN 113029461A CN 202110253585 A CN202110253585 A CN 202110253585A CN 113029461 A CN113029461 A CN 113029461A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/24—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
Abstract
The invention discloses an online ultrasonic gas leakage detection system, which comprises a four-way ultrasonic receiving array module, a preposed amplifying board, a connector and a receiving processing board, wherein a signal source realizes four-way signal acquisition through the four-way ultrasonic receiving array module, the signal source performs amplification processing through the preposed amplifying board, the preposed amplifying board is connected with the receiving processing board through the connector, the receiving processing board is used for receiving signals transmitted by the preposed amplifying board and processing the received signals, and finally, the processed data is uploaded through RJ45, so that gas leakage can be detected only after the original leakage volatilizes and is diffused, the gas leakage can be immediately detected just before the weak leakage occurs, the general direction can be given, leakage points can be conveniently found, the leakage processing time is greatly advanced, and the occurrence of accidents is greatly reduced. Any kind of gas with pressure can be detected, and multiple gas detection is developed without different kinds of designs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas leakage detection, in particular to an online ultrasonic gas leakage detection system.
Background
According to the traditional gas leakage detection, after leaking gas is dispersed to a gas cavity, detection is carried out by means of electrochemistry, infrared or ultrasonic waves and the like, on one hand, the method has great time delay in detection, and on the other hand, the gas leakage is detected for a period of time, even accidents are not detected; on the other hand, each detection device has specific gas species detection in the detection of gas species, so that the detection device has great limitation.
On the other hand, the existing ultrasonic lateral leakage instrument is expensive, precise and delicate, most importantly, online detection cannot be realized, the ultrasonic lateral leakage instrument can not be used outdoors for a long time, cannot adapt to the harsh industrial environment, and is greatly restricted in detection distance.
Based on this, the present invention designs an online ultrasonic gas leakage detection system to solve the above mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an online ultrasonic gas leakage detection system, which can detect gas leakage only after the original leakage volatilizes and diffuses, can detect the gas leakage immediately after the gas leakage just occurs in advance, can provide a general direction, is convenient to find a leakage point, greatly advances the leakage treatment time, and greatly reduces the occurrence of accidents. Any kind of gas with pressure can be detected, and multiple gas detection is developed without different kinds of designs.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an online ultrasonic wave gas leakage detection system, includes four ways ultrasonic wave receiving array module, leading amplifier board, connector and receipt processing board, the signal source passes through four ways ultrasonic wave receiving array module realizes four ways signal acquisition to amplify the processing through leading amplifier board, leading amplifier board passes through the connector and is connected with the receipt processing board, the receipt processing board is used for receiving the signal of being transmitted by leading amplifier board to handle the signal of receiving, upload the data after will handling through RJ45 at last.
Preferably, the pre-amplification board comprises four pre-amplification modules, and the four pre-amplification modules amplify four signals collected by the four ultrasonic receiving array modules one by one.
Preferably, the receiving and processing board includes a power management module, an FPGA signal processing module, four conditioning modules and four digital-to-analog conversion modules, the power management module is used for power management and power supply, the amplified signals transmitted by the four preamplification modules are conditioned by the four conditioning modules one by one, the signals after four conditioning are analog-to-digital converted by the four digital-to-analog conversion modules one by one, and the FPGA signal processing module is used for performing data acquisition, FFT and beam forming and sound intensity calculation on the data of the four digital-to-analog conversion modules.
Preferably, the four-way ultrasonic receiving array module adopts four semiconductor strain pressure transducers.
Preferably, the conditioning module includes an active second-order band-pass filter and an amplifying circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the gas leakage detection is realized by adopting the principle that gas leakage generates ultrasonic waves, and the approximate position of the leakage can be detected, and the intensity of the gas leakage can be detected. And the key point is that it can be captured in the transient state where a leak has just occurred. The leakage diffusion is not equal, the accident is prevented from happening in colleges and universities, and more precious time is won for the remediation or disposal.
The invention adopts artificial intelligence technology and signal processing technology in the technical software aspect, and can effectively and intelligently learn the change of environmental noise and the law of the inherent ultrasonic frequency of the environment. The ultrasonic wave generated by leakage can be effectively differentiated, and the generation of leakage can be accurately identified. The sensitivity of the ultrasonic transducer is optimized in hardware design, and is improved by 16dB min. And at the transducer additional preamplification module, promote signal strength to design modulation module and high accuracy filter module before acquisition circuit, but this filter module only filters circuit electric noise, and environmental noise does not do the filtration, and it is the key of design to remain environmental noise. The other key is that the ultrasonic array can relatively accurately determine the general direction of the leakage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a pre-amplifier module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an active second-order band-pass filter according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged circuit diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of sound pressure at 40KHz point versus Reynolds number for the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides an online ultrasonic wave gas leakage detection system, includes four ways ultrasonic wave receiving array module, leading amplifier board, connector and receipt processing board, the signal source passes through four ways ultrasonic wave receiving array module realizes four ways signal acquisition to amplify the processing through leading amplifier board, leading amplifier board passes through the connector and is connected with the receipt processing board, the receipt processing board is used for receiving the signal of being transmitted by leading amplifier board to handle the signal of receiving, upload the data after will handling through RJ45 at last.
The front amplification board comprises four paths of front amplification modules, and the four paths of front amplification modules amplify four paths of signals acquired by the four paths of ultrasonic receiving array modules one by one.
The receiving and processing board comprises a power management module, an FPGA signal processing module, four conditioning modules and four digital-to-analog conversion modules, wherein the power management module is used for power management and power supply, amplified signals transmitted by the four preamplification modules are conditioned by the four conditioning modules one by one, signals after four conditioning are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion by the four digital-to-analog conversion modules one by one, and the FPGA signal processing module is used for carrying out data acquisition, FFT (fast Fourier transform algorithm), beam forming and sound intensity calculation on data of the four digital-to-analog conversion modules.
The four-path ultrasonic receiving array module adopts four semiconductor strain pressure transducers.
The conditioning module comprises an active second-order band-pass filter and an amplifying circuit.
1. Technique 1
The invention selects the semiconductor strain pressure transducer, has the advantages of high sensitivity, stable performance, good frequency response, small volume, simple structure, convenient manufacture and the like, and is easy to popularize and apply.
2. Technique 2
The principle of generating ultrasonic waves by gas leakage is used as the basic principle of the technology. Sound pressure versus leakage.
Leaking ultrasound is essentially turbulent and impulsive noise. The leak stagnation pressure P and the leak orifice diameter D determine the sound pressure level L of the turbulent sound. Professor ma university 29495follows the formula:
wherein L is the sound pressure level (in dB) at a distance of 1m from the nozzle in the vertical direction; d is the diameter of the nozzle (unit mm); d0 ═ 1 mm; p0 is ambient atmospheric absolute pressure; p is leakage hole pressure holding.
It can be seen that the sound pressure level of the leaking ultrasound varies with the size of the leak hole and the system pressure at a given distance from the leak hole. At one frequency point, for a leakage hole with the same shape, the sound intensity of ultrasonic waves generated by leakage increases with the increase of the leakage amount.
The sound pressure is related to the reynolds number as follows:
where ρ is the gas density; mu is viscosity; v is the flow velocity; d is the mechanical mean diameter.
The relationship between sound pressure and reynolds number at 40KHz point is shown in fig. 5:
as can be seen from fig. 5, when the sound intensity is measured according to the specified frequency, the reynolds number can be calculated, and further, each parameter of the leakage can be calculated.
3. Technique 3
Waveform decomposition
Periodic functions that satisfy the dirichlet condition (i.e., have a finite number of extreme points, a finite number of discontinuities, and an absolute integrable within a period) can be decomposed into a fourier series. With a Fourier series, a non-sinusoidal periodic signal can be decomposed into a series of sinusoidal components of different frequencies (i.e., a superposition of DC signals, fundamental and subharmonic signals).
Defining a periodic signal: f (T + kT), where T is the period and k is any integer; the corresponding fourier series (in trigonometric form) is:
here, ω 1 ═ 2 pi/T is referred to as a sine wave frequency, and a0, an, and bn are referred to as fourier coefficients.
The above steps can be used to decompose the periodic signal (received ultrasonic signal), extract useful signal, and process
4. Technique 4
The software module is a core technology and is internally provided with modules for beam wave analysis, fft analysis, background environmental noise intelligent learning extraction and the like, so that signals sent from the front end are decomposed, learned, environmental noise is dynamically revised, leakage sound waves are extracted, and a final result is given.
The system is divided into two parts, namely a software system and a hardware system, wherein the software part is responsible for realizing various algorithms, and the hardware is mainly responsible for signal acquisition; the hardware system is divided into an analog part and a digital part, and the analog part comprises a signal amplifying circuit, an audio processing circuit and the like. The signal amplification circuit comprises a pre-amplification circuit, a band-pass filter circuit and a secondary amplification point circuit. The audio processing is mainly completed by AD conversion, the purpose is analog-to-digital conversion, and the signal is processed by an fpga logic unit to complete the functions of a software part. The specific implementation parts are introduced as follows:
ultrasonic probe array
The semiconductor strain pressure transducer is selected, so that the device has the advantages of high sensitivity, stable performance, good frequency response, small volume and simple structure. The invention selects 4 transducers to realize four-path signal acquisition. Minimum parameter requirement
Nominal frequency: 40.0 +/-1.0 KHz
Sensitivity: -68dB min
Static capacitance: 2500Pf +/-20%
Maximum input voltage: 80Vp-p
The direction angle is as follows: 60 degree +/-15 degree (-6dB)
Detection range: 0.4 to 15m (reflection)
Working temperature: minus 20 ℃ to 70 DEG C
Working temperature: minus 40 ℃ to plus 85 DEG C
The shell material is as follows: corrosion-resistant and shock-resistant material
Pre-amplification module
Adopt two-way fortune to put, can adopt logical class product, but following requirement must reach:
inputting offset voltage 500 muV;
temperature drift 5 μ V/deg.C;
bias current 200 nA;
the gain bandwidth product GB is 10 MHz;
slew rate 9V/. mu.S;
noise 5nV/√ HZ (1 KHz);
the small-size current is 8 mA;
support for wide power supply: +/-3 to +/-22V (the minimum requirement is 10V);
differential mode voltage: 0.5V;
common mode voltage: plus or minus Vs;
power consumption: 1000 mW;
reference is made to the principle shown in figure 2.
Band pass filtering
According to the design scheme, the active second-order band-pass filter is selected to filter the 40KHZ ultrasonic signal. The design requirements of the band-pass filter are that the center frequency is 40KHZ, the bandwidth is about 10KHZ, and the amplification factor of the center frequency is required to be as large as possible. Such a wide bandwidth is designed to try to preserve the environmental noise, and only filter the thermal and electrical noise of the circuit itself. The purpose of keeping the electrical noise of the environment as much as possible is to make the subsequent processing logic have sufficient characteristics to distinguish the intrinsic or the intrinsic general ultrasonic waves in the environment and reduce false alarm, as shown in the schematic diagram 3.
Amplifying circuit
The amplifying circuit adopts the single operational amplifier for amplification, and aims to compensate thread transmission and signal attenuation caused by band-pass filtering, and make up for signal loss caused by too weak signal. Reference is made to the enlarged principle shown in fig. 4.
AD conversion
The analog-to-digital conversion is a precondition important link of signal processing, and the requirement of the scheme is that the analog-to-digital conversion can be met at the lowest:
true bipolar analog input range of +/-10V
5V single-analog power supply, VDRIVE 1.8V-5V
1M omega analog input impedance
Analog input clamp protection
High throughput-minimum 200kSPS
Low power consumption of 100mW
0.05% gain error, 0.005% offset error
For resolution, a minimum of 16 bits is required.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. An online ultrasonic gas leakage detection system, its characterized in that: including four ways ultrasonic wave receiving array module, leading amplifier board, connector and receipt processing board, the signal source passes through four ways ultrasonic wave receiving array module realizes four ways signal acquisition to amplify the processing through leading amplifier board, leading amplifier board passes through the connector and is connected with the receipt processing board, the receipt processing board is used for receiving the signal of being amplified the board transmission by leading to handle the signal of receiving, uploads the data after will handling through RJ45 at last.
2. An on-line ultrasonic gas leak detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the front amplification board comprises four paths of front amplification modules, and the four paths of front amplification modules amplify four paths of signals acquired by the four paths of ultrasonic receiving array modules one by one.
3. An on-line ultrasonic gas leak detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the receiving and processing board comprises a power management module, an FPGA signal processing module, four conditioning modules and four digital-to-analog conversion modules, wherein the power management module is used for power management and power supply, amplified signals transmitted by the four preamplification modules are conditioned by the four conditioning modules one by one, the signals after four conditioning are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion by the four digital-to-analog conversion modules one by one, and the FPGA signal processing module is used for carrying out data acquisition, FFT (fast Fourier transform algorithm), beam forming and sound intensity calculation on the data of the four digital-to-analog conversion modules.
4. An on-line ultrasonic gas leak detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the four-way ultrasonic receiving array module adopts four semiconductor strain pressure transducers.
5. An on-line ultrasonic gas leak detection system according to claim 3, wherein: the conditioning module comprises an active second-order band-pass filter and an amplifying circuit.
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2021
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| US5710377A (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1998-01-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Ultrasonic leak detection system |
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