CN113029322A - Method and device for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of rotating shaft of rotary machine - Google Patents
Method and device for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of rotating shaft of rotary machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotary machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rotating shaft vibration detection, in particular to a method and a device for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotating machine.
Background
The influence of torsional vibration and bending vibration on the safe and stable operation of rotating machinery is large, and the monitoring of the state of a unit is important, because the rotating shaft is in a rotating state, the vibration detection of the rotating shaft of the rotating machinery mostly adopts a non-contact measuring method, the existing detection instrument can not realize the simultaneous test of the torsional vibration and the bending vibration, and needs to be provided with a special analysis instrument, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for simultaneously testing the bending vibration and the torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotary machine, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, a detection instrument cannot realize the simultaneous testing of the torsional vibration and the bending vibration, a special analysis instrument needs to be arranged, and the cost is high.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotary machine, comprising a sensing part, a hardware part and a software part, the sensing part comprises a gear disc and an eddy current sensor, the gear disc is detachably connected with the rotating shaft to be measured, and is positioned on the outer side wall of the rotating shaft to be detected, the hardware part comprises a signal preprocessor and a high-speed data acquisition card, the eddy current sensor is electrically connected with the signal preprocessor, and is positioned on the side surface of the gear plate, the high-speed acquisition card is electrically connected with the signal preprocessor, and is used for collecting the alternating voltage signal output by the eddy current sensor, the software part comprises data collection software and signal analysis software, the data acquisition software is used for acquiring alternating voltage signals, and the signal analysis software converts the alternating voltage signals input by the eddy current sensor into digital signals.
The signal preprocessor comprises a 24V direct current power supply module and a signal conditioning module, wherein the 24V direct current power supply module provides a-24V direct current power supply required by the test of the eddy current sensor, and the signal conditioning module conditions the amplitude of an alternating current voltage signal to be within +/-10V so as to meet the requirement of the high-speed data acquisition card on the amplitude of an input signal.
The invention also provides a testing method of the device for simultaneously testing the bending vibration and the torsional vibration of the rotating shaft of the rotary machine, which comprises the following steps:
mounting the gear disc on a rotating shaft to be measured, mounting the eddy current sensor opposite to the gear disc along the bending vibration measuring direction, and connecting the eddy current sensor with the hardware part;
the gear disc is driven to rotate by the rotating shaft to be tested, an alternating voltage signal is output through the eddy current sensor and is converted into a digital signal through the software part, and therefore an original vibration signal is obtained;
finding a maximum value point from the original vibration signal, obtaining a bending vibration signal, deducting the bending vibration signal from the original vibration signal, and obtaining a sensor output signal without bending vibration influence;
and finding the maximum value point again from the output signal of the sensor, and obtaining a torsional vibration angular velocity signal.
Wherein, in the steps of mounting the gear plate to a rotating shaft to be measured, mounting the eddy current sensor against the gear plate in a bending vibration measurement direction, and connecting the eddy current sensor with the hardware part:
the sampling rate of the data acquisition card is required to be fs greater than or equal to 1MHz, and fs is the sampling frequency.
Wherein, in the step of utilizing the pivot that awaits measuring to drive the gear dish is rotatory, through eddy current sensor output alternating voltage signal to through the software part converts digital signal into, thereby obtains original vibration signal:
when the rotating shaft does not have bending vibration and torsional vibration, the output signals of the eddy current sensor are a group of sinusoidal signals with constant frequency and stable signals, which are recorded as y (t), and can be written as follows:
y(t)＝α·h·sin[2π·(nf)·t] (1)
in the formula, alpha is the sensitivity of the sensor, h is the tooth height of the gear disc, n is the tooth number, f is the rotation frequency and is the sampling time;
when the rotating shaft generates torsional vibration, the instantaneous angular velocity of the gear plate when the tooth crest and the tooth valley pass through the eddy current sensor is no longer a constant, the fluctuation with the same frequency as the torsional vibration occurs, and the formula (1) is changed into:
y(t)＝α·h·sin[2π·(nf+ft)·t] (2)
in the formula (f)tInstantaneous frequency fluctuation brought by the torsional vibration of the rotating shaft;
while the rotation shaft is generating torsional vibration, if bending vibration is also generated, equation (2) becomes:
in the formula, A, fs,
Respectively, the amplitude, the frequency and the phase of the bending vibration of the rotating shaft, because the gear disc 1 has more teeth n and the bending vibration frequency fsGenerally well below the instantaneous angular velocity frequency (nf + f)t)。
Wherein, in the step of finding the maximum point from the original vibration signal, obtaining the bending vibration signal, deducting the bending vibration signal from the original vibration signal, and obtaining the sensor output signal without the bending vibration influence:
finding the maximum value point for the 1 st time, detecting to obtain the output signal y (t) of the eddy current sensor, finding the maximum value point in the signal, taking the ith point as an example, and judging by using the adjacent 7 points before and after the ith point, if:
considering the ith point as a maximum value point, and connecting the maximum value points to obtain a curve x (t);
time periods (t) corresponding to two maximum value pointsi,ti+1) The inner rotating shaft just rotates the arc section of one tooth, and any two adjacent maximum value points (t) are calculated by a linear interpolation methodi,xi) And (t)i+1,xi+1) Function value x (t) at time t:
deducting the extracted bending vibration signal x (t) according to time points from the original signal of the eddy current sensor to obtain a signal x1(t)：
x1(t)＝y(t)-x(t) (6)
Wherein, in the step of utilizing adjacent 7 points in the original vibration signal to judge and obtain the maximum value point, and calculate the function value of any time between any two adjacent maximum value points through linear interpolation, form the bending vibration signal:
finding the maximum value point at the 2 nd time, taking the ith point as an example, and judging by using the adjacent 7 points before and after the ith point, if:
calculating the instantaneous frequency of torsional vibration, recording signal x1The maximum value point in (t) is z1,z2,...,zkThe corresponding time is as follows: t is t1,t2,...,tkK is the number of maximum points, and in the time period corresponding to each adjacent point of the maximum, the rotating shaft just rotates 1 tooth, and the rotated radian theta is the same:
the time Δ t taken to rotate through the arc is:
△t＝ti+1-ti (9)
at different times t1,t2,...,tk-1Instantaneous angular frequency of lower shaft
Comprises the following steps:
instantaneous angular frequency from the shaft
The instantaneous angular frequency of torsional vibration is obtained by deducting the angular frequency of rotation
And connecting the torsional vibration angular frequencies at different moments to obtain a torsional vibration instantaneous angular speed signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device is utilized to realize the simultaneous test of the torsional vibration and the bending vibration of the rotating shaft, and the two types of vibration tests adopt the same set of sensor and instrument, so the cost is lower; the method is also suitable for the condition that the bending vibration or the torsional vibration of the rotating shaft needs to be tested independently; the method for deducting the influence of the bending vibration of the rotating shaft from the output signal of the eddy current sensor can effectively relieve the signal shaking phenomenon caused by the bending vibration of the rotating shaft to be tested, compared with a high-pass filtering method, the signal compensated by the method is relatively stable, and the accuracy of the torsional vibration test can be improved; the method for extracting the bending vibration and torsional vibration signals of the rotating shaft by finding points at two times of maximum values has definite physical significance and is simpler than the conventional common Hilbert conversion method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotary machine according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the device of the sensing section of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the eddy current sensor output without bending and torsional vibrations of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the eddy current sensor output with bending and torsional vibrations of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the eddy current sensor output when torsional and bending vibrations of the present invention are present simultaneously.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating finding a maximum value point by using 7 adjacent points according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph obtained by finding the maximum value point at the 1 st time according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the 2 nd maximum point finding of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a method for testing a rotary machine shaft for both flexural and torsional vibration in accordance with the present invention.
The system comprises a 1-gear disc, a 2-eddy current sensor, a 3-signal preprocessor, a 4-high speed data acquisition card, 5-data acquisition software, 6-signal analysis software, a 7-24V direct current power supply module and an 8-signal conditioning module.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a device for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotary machine comprises a sensing part, a hardware part and a software part, the sensing part comprises a gear disc 1 and an eddy current sensor 2, the gear disc 1 is detachably connected with a rotating shaft to be measured, and is positioned on the outer side wall of the rotating shaft to be detected, the hardware part comprises a signal preprocessor 3 and a high-speed data acquisition card 4, the eddy current sensor 2 is electrically connected with the signal preprocessor 3, and is positioned on the side surface of the gear plate 1, the high-speed acquisition card is electrically connected with the signal preprocessor 3, and is used for collecting the alternating voltage signal output by the eddy current sensor 2, the software part comprises data collecting software 5 and signal analyzing software 6, the data acquisition software 5 is used for acquiring alternating voltage signals, and the signal analysis software 6 is used for converting the alternating voltage signals input by the eddy current sensor 2 into digital signals; the signal preprocessor 3 comprises a 24V direct current power supply module 7 and a signal conditioning module 8, wherein the 24V direct current power supply module 7 provides a-24V direct current power supply required by the test of the eddy current sensor 2, and the signal conditioning module 8 conditions the amplitude of an alternating current voltage signal to be within +/-10V so as to meet the requirement of the high-speed data acquisition card 4 on the amplitude of an input signal.
In this embodiment, drive through the pivot that awaits measuring gear plate 1 rotates, gear plate 1 rotates the rotation characteristic that the pivot that awaits measuring can be replaced to the characteristic, utilizes eddy current sensor 2 comes the test probe to dynamic displacement changes between the tooth on gear plate 1, and to preprocessor input alternating voltage signal, 24V DC power supply module 7 does eddy current sensor 2 provides the power, signal conditioning module 8 conditions alternating voltage signal's amplitude to in 10V, and transmit to the high-speed collection card, data acquisition software 5 receives the alternating voltage signal after conditioning, and utilizes signal analysis software 6 can with the alternating voltage signal of eddy current sensor 2 input turns into digital signal, turns into function diagram display with original vibration signal.
Referring to fig. 3 to 9, the present invention further provides a testing method using the above device for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotary machine, including the following steps:
s1, mounting the gear disc 1 on a rotating shaft to be measured, mounting the eddy current sensor 2 opposite to the gear disc 1 along the bending vibration measuring direction, and connecting the eddy current sensor 2 with the hardware part;
s2, driving the gear disc 1 to rotate by using the rotating shaft to be tested, outputting an alternating voltage signal through the eddy current sensor 2, and converting the alternating voltage signal into a digital signal through the software part so as to obtain an original vibration signal;
s3, finding the maximum value point from the original vibration signal at the 1 st time, calculating the function value between any two adjacent maximum value points at any time through linear interpolation to form a bending vibration signal, deducting the bending vibration signal from the original vibration signal, and obtaining the sensor output signal without bending vibration influence;
and S4, finding the maximum value point from the output signal of the sensor for the 2 nd time, and calculating the instantaneous angular frequency between any two adjacent maximum value points to form a torsional vibration angle signal.
In step S1, the gear plate 1 with uniform indexing is mounted on the selected test section of the rotating shaft to be tested, the eddy current sensor 2 is mounted opposite to the gear plate 1, and the mounting direction of the eddy current sensor 2 is the bending vibration direction to be tested.
In step S2, as shown in fig. 3, when the rotating shaft has no bending vibration or torsional vibration, the output signal of the eddy current sensor 2 is a set of sinusoidal signals with constant frequency and stable signals, which is denoted by y (t), and can be written as:
y(t)＝α·h·sin[2π·(nf)·t] (1)
in the formula, alpha is the sensitivity of the sensor, h is the tooth height of the gear disc 1, n is the tooth number, f is the rotation frequency, and t is the sampling time;
as shown in fig. 4, when the rotating shaft undergoes torsional vibration, the instantaneous angular velocity of the gear plate 1 when the tooth crests and the tooth troughs pass through the eddy current sensor 2 is no longer constant, and fluctuation occurs at the same frequency as the torsional vibration, and equation (1) becomes:
y(t)＝α·h·sin[2π·(nf+ft)·t] (2)
in the formula (f)tInstantaneous frequency fluctuation brought by the torsional vibration of the rotating shaft;
as shown in fig. 5, if the torsional vibration and the bending vibration occur at the same time, the formula (2) is changed as follows:
in the formula, A, fs,
Respectively, the amplitude, the frequency and the phase of the bending vibration of the rotating shaft, because the gear disc 1 has more teeth n and the bending vibration frequency fsGenerally well below the instantaneous angular velocity frequency (nf + f)t)。
In step S3, after finding the maximum point for the 1 st time and detecting the output signal y (t) of the eddy current sensor 2, as shown in fig. 6, find the maximum point in the signal, taking the ith point as an example, and use the adjacent 7 points to judge, if:
the ith point is considered as a maximum value point, and the maximum value points are connected to obtain a curve x (t), as shown in fig. 7.
Time periods (t) corresponding to two maximum value pointsi,ti+1) The inner rotating shaft just rotates the arc section of one tooth, and any two adjacent maximum value points (t) are calculated by a linear interpolation methodi,xi) And (t)i+1,xi+1) Function value x (t) at time t:
as can be seen from the formula (3), the curve x (t) reflects the bending vibration of the rotating shaft;
deducing the extracted bending vibration signal x (t) according to time points from the original signal of the eddy current sensor 2 to obtain a signal x1(t)：
x1(t)＝y(t)-x(t) (6)
In step S4, finding the maximum point for the 2 nd time, finding the maximum point in the signal by the same method as that in step S3, taking the ith point as an example, and using the adjacent 7 points to make a judgment, if:
the curve obtained by finding the maximum value point for the 2 nd time is shown in fig. 8, and it can be seen from fig. 8 that the signal obtained by subtracting the influence of the bending vibration by the above method is relatively stable;
calculating the instantaneous frequency of torsional vibration, recording signal x1The maximum value point in (t) is z1,z2,...,zkThe corresponding time is as follows: t is t1,t2,...,tkK is the number of maximum points, and in the time period corresponding to each adjacent point of the maximum, the rotating shaft just rotates 1 tooth, and the rotated radian theta is the same:
the time Δ t taken to rotate through the arc is:
△t＝ti+1-ti (9)
at different times t1,t2,...,tk-1Instantaneous angular frequency of lower shaft
Comprises the following steps:
instantaneous angular frequency from the shaft
The instantaneous angular frequency of torsional vibration is obtained by deducting the angular frequency of rotation
Connecting the torsional vibration angular frequencies at different moments to obtain a torsional vibration instantaneous angular velocity signal;
through the calculation method, the method of deducting the influence of the bending vibration of the rotating shaft from the output signal of the eddy current sensor 2 can effectively relieve the signal jitter phenomenon caused by the bending vibration of the rotating shaft to be tested, compared with a high-pass filtering method, the signal compensated by the method is more stable, and the accuracy of the torsional vibration test can be improved; the simultaneous test of the torsional vibration and the bending vibration of the rotating shaft is realized. The same set of sensor and instrument is adopted for the two types of vibration tests, and the cost is lower.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A device for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotary machine is characterized by comprising a sensing part, a hardware part and a software part, the sensing part comprises a gear disc and an eddy current sensor, the gear disc is detachably connected with the rotating shaft to be measured, and is positioned on the outer side wall of the rotating shaft to be detected, the hardware part comprises a signal preprocessor and a high-speed data acquisition card, the eddy current sensor is electrically connected with the signal preprocessor, and is positioned on the side surface of the gear plate, the high-speed acquisition card is electrically connected with the signal preprocessor, and is used for collecting the alternating voltage signal output by the eddy current sensor, the software part comprises data collection software and signal analysis software, the data acquisition software is used for acquiring alternating voltage signals, and the signal analysis software converts the alternating voltage signals input by the eddy current sensor into digital signals.
2. The device for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the signal preprocessor comprises a 24V dc power supply module and a signal conditioning module, the 24V dc power supply module provides-24V dc power supply required by the test of the eddy current sensor, and the signal conditioning module conditions the amplitude of an ac voltage signal to within ± 10V, so as to meet the requirement of the high-speed data acquisition card on the amplitude of an input signal.
3. The method for testing the simultaneous bending vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotary machine according to claim 2, comprising the steps of:
mounting the gear disc on a rotating shaft to be measured, mounting the eddy current sensor opposite to the gear disc along the bending vibration measuring direction, and connecting the eddy current sensor with the hardware part;
the gear disc is driven to rotate by the rotating shaft to be tested, an alternating voltage signal is output through the eddy current sensor and is converted into a digital signal through the software part, and therefore an original vibration signal is obtained;
finding a maximum value point from the original vibration signal, obtaining a bending vibration signal, deducting the bending vibration signal from the original vibration signal, and obtaining a sensor output signal without bending vibration influence;
and finding the maximum value point again from the output signal of the sensor, and obtaining a torsional vibration angular velocity signal.
4. The method for simultaneously testing bending vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating machine shaft according to claim 3, wherein in the step of mounting the gear plate to the shaft to be tested, mounting the eddy current sensor against the gear plate in the bending vibration measuring direction, and connecting the eddy current sensor to the hardware portion:
the sampling rate of the data acquisition card is required to be fs greater than or equal to 1MHz, and fs is the sampling frequency. .
5. The method for simultaneously testing the bending vibration and the torsional vibration of the rotating shaft of the rotary machine according to claim 4, wherein in the step of rotating the gear plate by using the rotating shaft to be tested, outputting an alternating voltage signal through the eddy current sensor, and converting the alternating voltage signal into a digital signal through the software part, thereby obtaining an original vibration signal:
when the rotating shaft does not have bending vibration and torsional vibration, the output signals of the eddy current sensor are a group of sinusoidal signals with constant frequency and stable signals, which are recorded as y (t), and can be written as follows:
y(t)＝α·h·sin[2π·(nf)·t] (1)
in the formula, alpha is the sensitivity of the sensor, h is the tooth height of the gear disc, n is the tooth number, f is the rotation frequency, and t is the sampling time;
when the rotating shaft generates torsional vibration, the instantaneous angular velocity of the gear plate when the tooth crest and the tooth valley pass through the eddy current sensor is no longer a constant, the fluctuation with the same frequency as the torsional vibration occurs, and the formula (1) is changed into:
y(t)＝α·h·sin[2π·(nf+ft)·t] (2)
in the formula (f)tInstantaneous frequency fluctuation brought by the torsional vibration of the rotating shaft;
while the rotation shaft is generating torsional vibration, if bending vibration is also generated, equation (2) becomes:
in the formula, A, fs,
Respectively, the amplitude, the frequency and the phase of the bending vibration of the rotating shaft, because the gear disc 1 has more teeth n and the bending vibration frequency fsGenerally well below the instantaneous angular velocity frequency (nf + f)t)。
6. The method for simultaneously testing flexural vibration and torsional vibration of a rotating shaft of a rotary machine according to claim 5, wherein in the step of finding the maximum point from the original vibration signal and obtaining the flexural vibration signal, subtracting the flexural vibration signal from the original vibration signal and obtaining the output signal of the sensor without the effect of the flexural vibration:
finding the maximum value point for the 1 st time, detecting to obtain the output signal y (t) of the eddy current sensor, finding the maximum value point in the signal, taking the ith point as an example, and judging by using the adjacent 7 points before and after the ith point, if:
considering the ith point as a maximum value point, and connecting the maximum value points to obtain a curve x (t);
time periods (t) corresponding to two maximum value pointsi,ti+1) The inner rotating shaft just rotates the arc section of one tooth, and any two adjacent maximum value points (t) are calculated by a linear interpolation methodi,xi) And (t)i+1,xi+1) Function value x (t) at time t:
deducting the extracted bending vibration signal x (t) according to time points from the original signal of the eddy current sensor to obtain a signal x1(t)：
x1(t)＝y(t)-x(t) (6)
7. The method for simultaneously testing the bending vibration and the torsional vibration of the rotating shaft of the rotary machine according to claim 6, wherein in the step of using the adjacent 7 points in the original vibration signal to judge and obtain the maximum value point and calculating the function value between any two adjacent maximum value points at any time through linear interpolation to form the bending vibration signal:
finding the maximum value point at the 2 nd time, taking the ith point as an example, and judging by using the adjacent 7 points before and after the ith point, if:
calculating the instantaneous frequency of torsional vibration, recording signal x1The maximum value point in (t) is z1,z2,...,zkThe corresponding time is as follows: t is t1,t2,...,tkK is the number of maximum points, and in the time period corresponding to each adjacent point of the maximum, the rotating shaft just rotates 1 tooth, and the rotated radian theta is the same:
the time Δ t taken to rotate through the arc is:
△t＝ti+1-ti (9)
at different times t1,t2,...,tk-1Instantaneous angular frequency of lower shaft
Comprises the following steps:
instantaneous angular frequency from the shaft
The instantaneous angular frequency of torsional vibration is obtained by deducting the angular frequency of rotation
And connecting the torsional vibration angular frequencies at different moments to obtain a torsional vibration instantaneous angular speed signal.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116026606A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-28 | 深圳技术大学 | Method and apparatus for detecting compound vibration of a vehicle driveline |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116026606A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-28 | 深圳技术大学 | Method and apparatus for detecting compound vibration of a vehicle driveline |
| CN116026606B (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-08-25 | 深圳技术大学 | Method and apparatus for detecting compound vibration of a vehicle driveline |
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