CN113029254B - Method for measuring depth and flow of pipeline inflow water - Google Patents

Method for measuring depth and flow of pipeline inflow water Download PDF

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CN113029254B
CN113029254B CN202110423514.8A CN202110423514A CN113029254B CN 113029254 B CN113029254 B CN 113029254B CN 202110423514 A CN202110423514 A CN 202110423514A CN 113029254 B CN113029254 B CN 113029254B
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pipeline
flow
depth
water gauge
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CN113029254A (en
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毛明禾
余颖琪
李天河
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Hohai University HHU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring the depth and flow of water flowing in a pipeline and a measuring method thereof, belonging to the field of flow monitoring, wherein a pipeline flowing depth and flow measuring device is installed and suspended at the top of the pipeline; the measuring method comprises the following steps: installing a pipeline internal water depth and flow measurement device on the top of a pipeline; a water gauge sensor hung by the device naturally hangs into water in the pipeline, and the flowing water depth of the pipeline is automatically measured to obtain a flowing water depth measured value; the device calculates the flow in the pipeline according to the measured value of the flowing water depth and the posture of the water gauge sensor. The invention can be used for measuring the water depth and flow of the urban underground pipe network or open channel, has simple installation and convenient operation, and can realize the real-time transmission of monitoring data.

Description

Method for measuring depth and flow of pipeline inflow water
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flow monitoring, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the depth and the flow of water flowing in a pipeline.
Technical Field
For ventilation, explosion protection and adaptation to varying water volumes, the design is usually done without full flow.
The existing non-full flow, i.e. open channel flow measuring method is a weir trough method and measurement is carried out by using some flow velocity measuring instruments.
The weir trough method mainly comprises the following steps: when water flows pass through the contraction cross section of the weir groove, due to the unique geometrical characteristics of the weir groove, the overflowing water depth of the water flow can be controlled to be equal to the critical water depth, the water depth is known, and the flow of the overflowing cross section is only related to the weir front water head. The method is mainly realized by building a hydraulic structure, the selected measuring section is limited, the cost is high, and the method is not beneficial to real-time water depth measurement.
The flow velocity measuring instrument mainly comprises: hot wire velocimeters, laser doppler velocimeters, particle image testers, ultrasonic velocimeters and the like. The velocimeters can capture flow velocity values of special points such as the maximum flow velocity of a cross section, and flow can be obtained according to flow velocity measurement results as long as the relation between the flow velocity of the special points and the average flow velocity of the cross section is found out according to a flow velocity distribution rule. However, flow rate measurement instruments are generally expensive and complicated to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a device for measuring the depth and the flow of water flowing in a pipeline; the invention also aims to provide a method for measuring the depth and the flow of the pipeline internal water, which is used for measuring the depth and the flow of the pipeline internal water in real time.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a device for measuring the depth and flow rate of water flowing in a pipeline comprises a main control box, an electronic water gauge and a connecting line; and the electronic water gauges are sequentially connected through connecting wires and then connected into the main control box through the connecting wires.
Furthermore, the electronic water gauges are arranged on the connecting line at equal intervals.
Furthermore, the main control box is suspended at the top and used for collecting the collected signals of the nodal water gauge sensors arranged in the electronic water gauge below in real time, and the real-time data of the sensors are uploaded to a cloud-end database or a main control station through the Internet of things.
Furthermore, electrodes are distributed on the electronic water gauge, different lengths of the electronic water gauge immersed in water have different conductivities, and a water gauge space attitude angle sensor is arranged in the electronic water gauge to collect attitude information of the electronic water gauge in real time.
Furthermore, the connecting line is used for connecting each electronic water gauge and has the functions of signal transmission and mechanical connection.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a network communication module and a low-power-consumption voltage-reducing power supply; the network communication module is a portable network terminal and is connected with the pipeline running water depth and flow measuring device; the low-power-consumption voltage reduction power supply is packaged in a shell of the pipeline flow water depth and flow measurement device.
Further, the measuring method adopting the pipeline inflow water depth and flow measurement device comprises the following steps:
1) Mounting and suspending a measuring device on the top of the pipeline;
2) The measuring device automatically measures the depth of the pipeline flowing water to obtain the depth H of the pipeline flowing water;
3) The measuring device calculates the flow Q in the pipeline according to the measured value of the flowing water depth and the posture of the water gauge sensor.
Further, in the step 2), the pipeline inflow water depth H is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003028777030000021
Figure BDA0003028777030000022
Figure BDA0003028777030000023
in the formula, h represents the distance from the water surface to the suspension point and has the unit of m; l is the distance between the minimum joints of the water gauge sensor, is a fixed value and has the unit of m; theta i Obtaining the offset angle of the corresponding ith electronic water gauge (2) by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge (2), wherein the unit is DEG; delta l is the distance between connecting lines connecting the two electronic water gauges (2), is a fixed value and has the unit of m; theta n The included angle between the nth electronic water gauge (2) and the vertical direction is obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge (2), and the unit is DEG; n is the number of the electronic water gauges (2) on the water surface and is obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauges (2);
Figure BDA0003028777030000024
to estimate water depth, the unit is m; d is the distance from the suspension point of the measuring device to the bottom of the pipe, and is a known value in m.
Further, in the step 3), the water surface width is B, the section diameter, namely the distance from the suspension point of the measuring device to the bottom of the pipe, is d, and the water wrap angle is
Figure BDA0003028777030000025
The flow Q in the pipe is calculated by:
calculating the water flow according to a thank you formula:
Figure BDA0003028777030000026
unit is m 3 /s。
In the formula, A is the flow cross-sectional area, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000031
unit is m 2 (ii) a R is hydraulic radius, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000032
the unit is m; c is a competence coefficient, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000033
unit is m 1/2 In the formula, a is a roughness coefficient; i is the hydraulic gradient.
Further, in the step 3), according to the subscript:
irrigation canal classification Coefficient of roughness a
UPVC pipe, PE pipe, glass steel pipe 0.009-0.011
Asbestos cement pipe and steel pipe 0.012
Pottery clay pipe and cast iron pipe 0.013
Concrete pipe, reinforced concrete pipe and cement mortar plastering channel 0.013-0.014
Mortar brick canal 0.015
Masonry canal 0.017
Dry masonry channel 0.020-0.025
Earth open channel 0.025-0.030
The roughness coefficient a is selected according to the table above.
Further, in the step 3), according to the subscript:
Figure BDA0003028777030000034
Figure BDA0003028777030000041
and the water conservancy slope i is selected according to the table.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the device for measuring the depth and the flow of the water in the pipeline is arranged at fixed intervals through the electronic water gauges and is connected through the connecting lines; measuring the water level through a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in an electronic water gauge of the pipeline inflow water depth and flow measuring device; meanwhile, the built-in communication module can collect related monitoring data in real time; the built-in low-power-consumption voltage reduction power supply module ensures that the device works effectively for a long time. The method for measuring the depth and the flow of the water flowing in the pipeline is used for measuring the depth and the flow of the water flowing in the pipeline in real time, is suitable for measuring the flow of occasions such as urban drainage pipelines, urban ponding areas, reservoirs, lakes, rivers and the like, is convenient to install and maintain, and can reduce the cost of manpower and material resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for measuring water depth and flow rate in a pipeline;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of measuring the depth of low flow rate water flow and the flow rate in a pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an example of measuring the depth of high flow velocity water flow and the flow rate in a pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an example of high flow rate water depth and flow measurement within a pipe;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating calculation of flow in a pipe.
Detailed Description
The following will describe the method for measuring the depth and flow rate of the inflow water in the pipeline in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for measuring the depth and the flow of water flowing in a pipeline is implemented by the following steps:
1) Mounting and suspending a measuring device on the top of the pipeline;
2) The measuring device automatically measures the depth of the pipeline flowing water to obtain the depth H of the pipeline flowing water;
3) The measuring device calculates the flow in the pipeline according to the measured value of the flowing water depth and the posture of the water gauge sensor.
The measuring device includes: the water gauge comprises a main control box 1, an electronic water gauge 2 and a connecting wire 3; the electronic water gauges 2 are installed at fixed intervals and connected by connecting wires 3.
The main control box 1 is hung at the top and can be used for collecting the collected signals of the lower nodular water gauge sensor in real time and transmitting the real-time data of the sensor to a cloud end database or a master control station through the Internet of things.
The electronic water gauge 2 is distributed with electrodes, has different conductivities when immersed in water with different lengths, is internally provided with a water gauge space attitude angle sensor and can acquire the attitude information of the electronic water gauge 2 in real time.
The connecting wire 3 is a connecting wire, is used for connecting each electronic water gauge 2, and has the functions of signal transmission and mechanical connection.
The pipeline inflow water depth H is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003028777030000051
Figure BDA0003028777030000052
Figure BDA0003028777030000053
in the formula, h represents the distance from the water surface to the suspension point, and the unit is m; l is the distance between the minimum joints of the water gauge sensor, is a fixed value and has the unit of m; theta i The offset angle of the corresponding ith electronic water gauge 2 can be obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge 2, and the unit is DEG; delta l is the distance between the connecting lines connecting the two electronic water gauges 2, is a fixed value and has the unit of m; theta n The included angle between the nth electronic water gauge 2 and the vertical direction can be obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge 2, and the unit is DEG; n is the number of the electronic water gauges 2 on the water surface and can be obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauges 2;
Figure BDA0003028777030000054
to estimate water depth; d is the distance from the suspension point of the measuring device to the bottom of the pipe, and is a known value and has the unit of m; h is the actual water depth and the unit is m.
The flow in the pipe is calculated by the following formula: as shown in FIG. 5, the water surface width is B in m, the section diameter, i.e., the distance from the suspension point of the measuring device to the bottom of the pipe, is d in m, and the water wrap angle is
Figure BDA0003028777030000055
The unit is.
Calculating the water flow according to a thank you formula:
Figure BDA0003028777030000056
unit is m 3 /s。
In the formula, A is the area of the flow cross section, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000057
unit is m 2 (ii) a R is hydraulic radius, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000058
the unit is m; c is a competence coefficient, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000059
unit is m 1/2 In the formula, a is a roughness coefficient; i is the hydraulic gradient.
The measuring device also comprises a network communication module and a low-power-consumption step-down power supply. The network communication module is a portable network terminal and is connected with the pipeline water flow depth and flow measurement device. The low-power-consumption voltage reduction power supply is packaged in a shell of the pipeline flowing water depth and flow measuring device.
The roughness factor a is selected from the following table:
Figure BDA0003028777030000061
the water conservancy slope i is selected from the following table:
caliber (mm) Minimum design grade
400 0.0015
500 0.0012
600 0.0010
800 0.0008
1000 0.0006
1200 0.0006
1400 0.0005
1500 0.0005
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this is a pipeline inflow water depth and flow rate measuring device, which comprises the following concrete steps:
step 1, installing and suspending a pipeline inflow water depth and flow measurement device on the top of a pipeline;
step 2, the device automatically measures the pipeline running water depth to obtain a running water depth measured value;
and 3, calculating the flow in the pipeline by the device according to the measured value of the flowing water depth and the posture of the water gauge sensor.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, when the water flow velocity in the pipeline is low, the specific steps of measuring the depth and flow of the water flowing in the pipeline are as follows:
step 1, installing and suspending a pipeline inflow water depth and flow measurement device on the top of a pipeline, and obtaining the distance d from a suspension point of the measurement device to the bottom of the pipeline.
Step 2, calculating the depth of the pipeline inflow water according to the data acquired by the water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge 2, wherein the specific calculation formula is
Figure BDA0003028777030000071
Figure BDA0003028777030000072
As shown in FIG. 2, since the water flow velocity in the pipe is low, θ i ＝0 ° I.e., h = (n-1) l + Δ lcos θ n (ii) a In the formula, h represents the distance from the water surface to the suspension point, and the unit is m; l is the distance between the minimum joints of the water gauge sensor, is a fixed value and has the unit of m; theta.theta. i The included angle between the corresponding ith electronic water gauge 2 and the vertical direction can be obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge 2, and the unit is DEG; delta l is the distance between connecting lines connecting the two electronic water gauges 2, is a fixed value and has the unit of m; theta.theta. n The offset angle of the nth electronic water gauge 2 can be obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge 2, and the unit is an angle; n is the number of the electronic water gauges 2 on the water surface and can be obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauges 2;
Figure BDA0003028777030000073
to estimate water depth, the unit is m; d is the distance from the suspension point of the measuring device to the bottom of the pipe, and is a known value and has the unit of m; h is the actual water depth in m.
Step 3, the device calculates the flow in the pipeline according to the measured value of the flowing water depth, and the specific calculation formula is
Figure BDA0003028777030000074
Unit is m 3 /s。
In the formula, A is the flow cross-sectional area, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000075
unit is m 2 (ii) a R is hydraulic radius, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000076
the unit is m; c is a competence coefficient, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000077
unit is m 1/2 In the formula, a is a roughness coefficient; i is the hydraulic gradient.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, when the water flow velocity in the pipeline is high, the specific steps of measuring the depth and flow of the water flowing in the pipeline are as follows:
step 1, installing and suspending a pipeline inflow water depth and flow measurement device on the top of a pipeline, and obtaining the distance d from a suspension point of the measurement device to the bottom of the pipeline.
Step 2, calculating the depth of the pipeline inflow water according to the data acquired by the water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge 2, wherein the specific calculation formula is
Figure BDA0003028777030000078
Figure BDA0003028777030000079
In the formula, h represents the distance from the water surface to the suspension point and has the unit of m; l is the distance between the minimum joints of the water gauge sensor, is a fixed value and has the unit of m; theta i The included angle between the corresponding ith electronic water gauge 2 and the vertical direction can be obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge 2, and the unit is DEG; delta l is the distance between connecting lines connecting the two electronic water gauges 2, is a fixed value and has the unit of m; theta n The offset angle of the nth electronic water gauge 2 can be obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge 2, and the unit is DEG; n is the number of the electronic water gauges 2 on the water surface and can be obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauges 2;
Figure BDA0003028777030000085
to estimate water depth, the unit is m; d is the distance from the suspension point of the measuring device to the bottom of the pipe, and is a known value and has the unit of m; h is the actual water depth and the unit is m.
Step 3, the device calculates the flow in the pipeline according to the measured value of the flowing water depth, and the specific calculation formula is
Figure BDA0003028777030000081
Unit is m 3 /s。
In the formula, A is the flow cross-sectional area, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000082
unit is m 2 (ii) a R is hydraulic radius, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000083
the unit is m; c is a competence coefficient, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003028777030000084
unit is m 1/2 In the formula, a is a roughness coefficient; i is the hydraulic gradient.

Claims (7)

1. A measuring method of pipeline internal water depth and flow is characterized in that a measuring device of pipeline internal water depth and flow is adopted, and the measuring device comprises a main control box (1), an electronic water gauge (2) and a connecting line (3); the electronic water gauges (2) are sequentially connected through the connecting wires (3) and then are connected into the main control box (1) through the connecting wires (3); the electronic water gauges (2) are arranged on the connecting line (3) at equal intervals;
the measuring method comprises the following steps:
1) Mounting and suspending a measuring device on the top of the pipeline;
2) The measuring device automatically measures the depth of the pipeline flowing water to obtain the depth H of the pipeline flowing water;
3) The measuring device calculates the flow Q in the pipeline according to the measured value of the depth of the flowing water and the posture of the water gauge sensor;
in the step 2), the pipeline inflow water depth H is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0004022881060000011
Figure FDA0004022881060000012
Figure FDA0004022881060000013
in the formula, h represents the distance from the water surface to the suspension point and has the unit of m; l is the distance between the minimum joints of the water gauge sensor, is a fixed value and has the unit of m; theta.theta. i The included angle between the corresponding ith electronic water gauge (2) and the vertical direction is obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge (2), and the unit is DEG; delta l is the distance between connecting lines connecting the two electronic water gauges (2), is a fixed value and has the unit of m; theta n The offset angle of the nth electronic water gauge (2) is obtained by a water gauge space attitude angle sensor arranged in the electronic water gauge (2) and the unit is DEG; n is the number of the electronic water gauges (2) on the water surface;
Figure FDA0004022881060000014
to estimate water depth, the unit is m; d is the distance from the suspension point of the measuring device to the bottom of the pipe in m.
2. The measuring method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the water surface width is B, the section diameter is d from the suspension point of the measuring device to the bottom of the pipe, and the water wrap angle is d
Figure FDA0004022881060000015
The flow Q in the pipe is calculated by:
according to the thank talent formulaCalculating the water flow:
Figure FDA0004022881060000016
unit is m 3 /s；
In the formula, A is the flow cross-sectional area, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0004022881060000017
unit is m 2 (ii) a R is hydraulic radius, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0004022881060000018
the unit is m; c is a competence coefficient, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0004022881060000019
unit is m 1/2 In the formula, a is a roughness coefficient; i is the hydraulic gradient.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 3), as indicated by the subscript:
irrigation canal classification Coefficient of roughness a UPVC pipe, PE pipe, glass steel pipe 0.009-0.011 Asbestos cement pipe, steel pipe 0.012 Pottery clay pipe and cast iron pipe 0.013 Concrete pipe, reinforced concrete pipe and cement mortar plastering channel 0.013-0.014 Mortar brick canal 0.015 Masonry brick canal 0.017 Dry masonry channel 0.020-0.025 Earth open channel 0.025-0.030
The roughness coefficient a is selected according to the table above.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 3), as indicated by the subscript:
Figure FDA0004022881060000021
Figure FDA0004022881060000031
the hydraulic gradient i is selected according to the table.
5. The measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the main control box (1) is suspended at a vertex for collecting the signals collected by the nodal water gauge sensor built in the lower electronic water gauge (2) in real time, and the real-time data of the sensor is uploaded to a cloud database or a master control station through an internet of things.
6. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic water gauge (2) is distributed with electrodes, different lengths of the electronic water gauge immersed in water have different conductivities, and a water gauge space attitude angle sensor is arranged in the electronic water gauge (2) to collect attitude information of the electronic water gauge (2) in real time.
7. The measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the measurement device further comprises a network communication module and a low-power-consumption step-down power supply; the network communication module is a portable network terminal and is connected with the pipeline water flow depth and flow measurement device; the low-power-consumption voltage reduction power supply is packaged in the shell.
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