CN113025878A - Quenching and tempering round steel for oil-well low-alloy well completion tool and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Quenching and tempering round steel for oil-well low-alloy well completion tool and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a quenched and tempered round steel for an oil-well low-alloy completion tool, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.38-0.43%, Si: 0.15 to 0.35%, Mn: 0.75-1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, Cr: 0.80-1.10%, Mo: 0.15 to 0.25%, Ni: 0.30-0.40%, Cu: 0.15-0.30%, Alt: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The process comprises the steps of KR pretreatment, BOF or EAF smelting, LF refining, RH or VD vacuum degassing, continuous casting, sectional type slow heating, rough rolling, medium finish rolling, normalizing and quenching and tempering to manufacture round steel with the maximum specification of 266.7mm, and the requirement on the obdurability of large-specification 125KSI steel-grade completion tool products is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a round steel for an oil-well completion tool and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a low-alloy quenched and tempered round steel which is produced by adopting a continuous casting and rolling continuous roller hearth furnace heat treatment process and still has higher plasticity and low-temperature impact toughness when the yield strength reaches 125KSI steel grade and a manufacturing method thereof. Belongs to the technical field of metallurgical industry.
Background
With the gradual consumption of petroleum energy, the development requirement of the inferior oil suit environment is more and more urgent, and the requirement of customers on the quenching and tempering delivery steel for the well completion tool is higher and higher. In order to meet the requirements of low-alloy steel materials for oil well production completion tools and to improve the strength, low-temperature toughness and other requirements of quenched and tempered steel for well completion, customers represented by world-known oilfield equipment and service companies such as beckhaus, harebilton and the like in recent years have the following table 125KSI steel grade well completion steel as an example, and the high toughness requirements of the customers are shown in the following table:
mechanical property technical specification of surface 1125 KSI steel grade low-alloy quenched and tempered steel for well completion
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the steel was sampled at the location of the tensile and impact radius of 1/2 bars, for example 266.7mm round bars, and at a sampling depth of 66.7mm below the surface of the bars. On the basis, the yield strength index is further improved, and the requirements on the longitudinal and transverse low-temperature impact toughness at 0 ℃ at the radius position of 1/2 and the hardness at the radius position and the surface position of 1/2 are increased. It can be seen that the larger the bar specification is, the higher the requirement on the quenching capacity of raw materials and equipment is, and the difficulty in manufacturing the high-strength and high-toughness product by adopting a low-alloy steel material is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for manufacturing high-strength low-alloy quenched and tempered steel with yield strength reaching 125KSI steel grade aiming at the prior art, wherein the diameter of round steel can reach 266.7 mm. Sampling and testing the position of a half radius away from the surface of the bar, wherein the yield strength is more than or equal to 125KSI, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 140KSI, the elongation is more than or equal to 10%, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 35%, the Charpy longitudinal and transverse impact energy at 0 ℃ is more than or equal to 20ft-lbs, and the hardness of the surface and the half radius is within the range of 32-38 HRC.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a quenching and tempering round steel for an oil-well exploitation low-alloy completion tool comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.38-0.43%, Si: 0.15 to 0.35%, Mn: 0.75-1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, Cr: 0.80-1.10%, Mo: 0.15 to 0.25%, Ni: 0.30-0.40%, Cu: 0.15-0.30%, Alt: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The chemical components of the round steel for the high-toughness completion tool are determined as follows:
c: the hardenability, strength and hardness of the material are increased, but the plasticity and low-temperature toughness are reduced, and in order to achieve reasonable matching of the strength and the toughness of the material, the content of C is 0.38-0.43%.
Si: is a deoxidizing element in the steel and improves the strength of the steel in a solid solution strengthening mode. When the Si content is too low, the deoxidation effect is poor, and when the Si content is higher, the toughness is reduced, wherein the Si content is 0.15-0.35%.
Mn: is an element for improving the hardenability of steel, and plays a role in solid solution strengthening to improve the strength of steel. However, the cracking sensitivity is increased due to the excessively high Mn content, and the Mn content is controlled to be 0.75-1.00%.
Cr: the hardenability of the material is increased, dispersed carbide can be formed by combining the material with C to increase the toughness of the material, but the Cr content is too high, so that the cracking sensitivity is increased, the cost is increased, and the Cr content is controlled to be 0.80-1.10%.
Mo: the hardenability and the obdurability of the material are increased, the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the steel can be reduced, and the temper brittleness is inhibited, but Mo belongs to noble metal, and the manufacturing cost is increased when the addition amount is too high, so that the content of Mo is controlled to be 0.15-0.25%.
Ni: is an element for improving the hardenability of steel and obviously improving the low-temperature toughness of the steel, and has good influence on impact toughness and ductile-brittle transition temperature. However, Ni is also a precious metal, and too high a content increases the cost. The Ni content of the invention is controlled to be 0.30-0.40%.
Cu: the hardenability of the steel can be improved, so that the strength, hardness, plasticity, toughness and other properties of the steel are improved through heat treatment, but the copper brittleness phenomenon is easily caused by excessively high Cu content, and the Cu content is controlled to be 0.15-0.30%.
Al: the steel mainly plays a role in deoxidation, but the toughness of the steel is damaged when the content is too high, and the Al content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.040 percent.
S: strip-shaped inclusions with tips are formed in the steel, the strength and toughness of the steel are influenced, the inclusions are harmful elements in the steel, and the S content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010%.
P: is a harmful element in steel, is particularly easy to be segregated in grain boundaries, reduces the strength and toughness of the grain boundaries, and controls the content of P to be less than or equal to 0.015 percent.
The invention also aims to provide a manufacturing method of the quenched and tempered steel for the low-alloy completion tool, which comprises the following process steps:
smelting raw materials are sequentially subjected to KR molten iron pretreatment, converter BOF or electric furnace EAF smelting, LF furnace refining and RH or VD furnace vacuum degassing to produce molten steel, and the molten steel is purified by soft argon blowing after the RH or VD furnace vacuum degassing is broken. Molten steel is protected by argon in the whole process to prevent secondary oxidation, and phi 600mm continuous casting round billet or 390 x 510mm continuous casting rectangular billet is cast by adopting low superheat degree; the secondary cooling section uses weak cooling intensity, the cooling intensity of the secondary cooling water is not more than 0.3l/kg, and the phenomenon that the columnar crystal with overlarge intensity accelerates growth and reduces the isometric crystal proportion is avoided; pouring at a low drawing speed, wherein the standard drawing speed is not more than 0.55m/min, so that liquid cavities of steel with an overhigh drawing speed are prevented from extending, the central structure of a casting blank is damaged, and shrinkage cavity and axial segregation are aggravated; and a continuous casting solidification model is adopted to guide an electromagnetic stirring and soft reduction treatment technology, the maximum reduction under soft reduction is not more than 12mm, the low segregation of a casting blank is realized, and an ideal as-cast structure guarantee is provided for the performance uniformity of the final quenched and tempered steel.
Continuously casting billets are heated to 500 ℃ and enter a stepping steel rolling heating furnace; a sectional slow uniform heating mode is adopted, the temperature of a preheating section is 650-.
After the casting blank is taken out of the heating furnace, high-pressure water descaling treatment is firstly carried out, then graded rolling is carried out, rolling is carried out at the temperature of 1160 ℃ in the rough rolling stage 1110-; the finish rolling temperature in the middle finish rolling stage is more than or equal to 980 ℃, the total compression ratio of the steel is more than or equal to 100%, the rolling deformation of the steel penetrates into the range of the core part of the bar so as to increase the compactness of the internal structure of the steel and provide a compact bar structure for guaranteeing the quenching and tempering performance of the half-radius part of the steel.
After the bar is rolled, normalizing in a roller-hearth continuous heat treatment furnace at the normalizing heating temperature of 900-950 ℃, wherein the cooling mode adopts air cooling, and the steel after normalizing is uniformly refined into an F + P structure, wherein the content of an F body reaches more than 40 percent, the actual grain size of the steel is 9.0-10.0 grades, so that an ideal preparation structure is provided for quenching and tempering the steel;
then quenching treatment is carried out by a roller-hearth continuous heat treatment furnace, the austenitizing temperature is 870-; the water pressure of the low-pressure section is not more than 5bar, the water flow is not more than 30 cubic meters per hour, the cooling curve avoids a bainite precipitation area through high-temperature quick cooling, necessary conditions are provided for obtaining a tempered sorbite structure by quenching and tempering steel, the martensite generation process is slowed down during quenching through low-temperature slow cooling, the internal stress of structure transformation is reduced, and the quenching and cracking of rolled products are avoided. Water quenching the austenitized steel to obtain a uniform quenched martensite structure;
and then the steel is put into a roller hearth type continuous heat treatment furnace for tempering treatment, the tempering heating temperature is 600-. The tempering time is ensured to be over 240min according to the specification and the size of the bar, and the bar is cooled to the room temperature after being discharged, so that the uniform quenched and tempered structure mainly comprising sorbite is obtained.
The continuous roller hearth furnace for normalizing, quenching and tempering adopts natural gas self-preheating burner flame heating, ensures that all the working procedures of the heat treatment of steel are uniformly heated, has small internal and external temperature difference, controls the heating stepping speed and the cooling stepping speed of the heat treatment by utilizing grating signals, realizes the random adjustment of the heat treatment speed, and provides sufficient guarantee for obtaining ideal quenching and tempering performance of steel. The quenched and tempered steel for the well completion tool produced by the process and the equipment through heat treatment has the actual grain size reaching 8.0-9.5 grades, uniform internal structure and performance, high straightness and no bending deformation.
Aiming at the requirement of 125KSI steel-grade completion tool materials on high toughness, the invention uses the continuous casting billets with different specifications produced by optimized element component design composition, high-purity molten steel and low superheat degree whole-process argon protection pouring as blanks, and manufactures the high-toughness tempering round steel through subsequent graded high-pressure rolling and continuous roller bottom heat treatment furnace to carry out overall normalizing and tempering heat treatment on the bars. The maximum diameter of the round steel manufactured by the invention can reach 266.7 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the steel meets the requirements of longitudinal and transverse low-temperature impact toughness (especially the requirement of transverse low-temperature impact toughness) of the material for the 125KSI steel-grade completion tool under the condition of higher yield strength and hardness. 266.7mm and following specification round steel sample the inspection in the position of half radius from the surface of rod, its mechanical properties can reach: the yield strength is more than or equal to 125KSI, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 140KSI, the elongation is more than or equal to 10%, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 35%, the Charpy longitudinal and transverse impact energy at 0 ℃ is more than or equal to 20ft-lbs, and the hardness of the surface and one half radius is 32-38 HRC.
2) The round steel manufactured by the invention adopts a continuous natural gas heating roller hearth furnace to carry out normalizing and quenching and tempering treatment, and has deep integral hardening layer, uniform heat treatment structure and stable mechanical property. Wherein the normalizing treatment promotes the homogenization of the composition and structure of the steel; the reasonable control of austenitizing temperature and heating time prevents austenite grains from coarsening and obtaining a coarse quenched martensite structure after the steel is quenched; the subsequent high-temperature tempering process reasonably controls the temperature field and the heating time to ensure that the steel obtains uniform and fine sorbite with better comprehensive performance as a main conditioning structure, and the toughness of the steel is optimally matched.
3) The hardened and tempered steel material produced by adopting the continuous casting-rough rolling + medium precision rolling-continuous heat treatment short-flow manufacturing technology can be directly machined to produce high-toughness parts for 125KSI steel-grade well completion tools such as oil jacket production packers, underground safety valves, seat joints, flow nipples and the like. The energy consumption is saved, the cost is reduced, the traditional oil quenching heat treatment process is replaced by the water quenching heat treatment process, the environment is protected, and the extending processing of the ferrous metallurgy material to an oil jacket mining tool is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure view of 1/2R portions of 266.7mm diameter round steel in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure view of 1/2R portions of 190.5mm diameter round steel in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
The diameter of the quenched and tempered round steel for the low-alloy high-toughness completion tool related by the embodiment is 266.7mm, and the quenched and tempered round steel comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass: c: 0.41%, Si: 0.27%, Mn: 0.97%, P: 0.009%, S: 0.003%, Cr: 1.06%, Mo: 0.23%, Ni: 0.38%, Cu: 0.19%, Al: 0.023 percent, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
The manufacturing process of the round steel for the well completion tool comprises the steps of preparing smelting raw materials according to the chemical composition, sequentially carrying out KR molten iron pretreatment, converter BOF smelting, LF furnace refining, RH furnace vacuum degassing, and carrying out soft blowing treatment after RH furnace refining is broken; molten steel is poured into phi 600mm continuous casting round billets by adopting 27 ℃ low superheat degree whole-course argon protection, the round billets are put into a steel rolling heating furnace with the temperature of 510 ℃ and are preheated, heated and soaked, casting blanks are slowly heated to 1260 ℃ in stages and are kept warm for 5.5 hours, the casting blanks are discharged from the furnace and are descaled by high pressure water, then are rolled at 1160 ℃, the size of rough rolling blanks is 320 x 320mm, and the total compression ratio of the rough rolling reaches more than 60%; the finish rolling temperature is actually 1010 ℃, the bar with the specification of 266.7mm is continuously rolled, and the total compression ratio is 100 percent; after the bar is rolled, annealing at 750 ℃, heating and preserving heat, and furnace cooling to room temperature; putting the annealed bar into a continuous roller hearth furnace for normalizing and quenching, wherein the normalizing heating temperature is 920 ℃, the quenching heating temperature is 890 ℃, the normalizing air cooling is carried out for more than 360min in the furnace to obtain an F + P structure, the normalizing actual grain size reaches 9.5 grade, the quenching water quenching is carried out to obtain a quenching M structure, the tempering heating temperature is 640 ℃, the tempering heating temperature is more than 420min in the furnace, the bar is taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature by water to obtain a quenched and tempered state structure with S as the main component, the quenched and tempered actual grain size reaches 9.0 grade, and the mechanical property result of the round steel is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of quenched and tempered steels for 125KSI steel grade low alloy completion in example 1
Example 2
The diameter of the quenched and tempered round steel for the low-alloy high-toughness completion tool related by the embodiment is 190.5mm, and the quenched and tempered round steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.40%, Si: 0.26%, Mn: 0.93%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.002%, Cr: 1.03%, Mo: 0.21%, Ni: 0.31%, Cu: 0.17%, Al: 0.026%, and Fe and inevitable impurity elements as the rest.
The manufacturing process of the round steel for the well completion tool comprises the steps of preparing smelting raw materials according to the chemical composition, sequentially carrying out KR molten iron pretreatment, converter BOF smelting, LF furnace refining, RH furnace vacuum degassing, and carrying out soft blowing treatment after RH furnace refining is broken; the method comprises the following steps of pouring 390 x 510mm continuous casting square billets in molten steel by adopting 27 ℃ low superheat degree whole-process argon protection, feeding the square billets into a steel rolling heating furnace to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 4.5 hours, discharging casting billets, descaling by high-pressure water, then rolling at 1150 ℃, wherein the size of the rough rolling billets is 300 x 280mm, the total reduction ratio of rough rolling reaches more than 70%, the rolling reduction of the previous two passes reaches more than 20%, rolling at high reduction is realized, the finish rolling temperature is actually more than 1000 ℃, the rough rolling billets are rolled into 190.5 mm-sized bars, and the total reduction ratio is 100%; after the bar is rolled, annealing at 750 ℃, heating and preserving heat, and furnace cooling to room temperature; putting the annealed bar into a continuous roller hearth furnace for normalizing and quenching tempering, wherein the normalizing heating temperature is 920 ℃, air cooling is carried out to obtain an F + P tissue, the normalizing actual grain size reaches 9.5 grade, the quenching heating temperature is 890 ℃, water quenching is carried out in the furnace for more than 300min to obtain a quenching M tissue, the tempering heating temperature is 640 ℃, the tempering heating temperature is more than 360min in the furnace, water cooling is carried out to room temperature after discharging, a quenched and tempered state tissue with S as the main component is obtained, the quenched and tempered actual grain size reaches 9.0 grade, and the mechanical property result of the round steel is shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 mechanical Properties of quenched and tempered steels for 125KSI steel grade low alloy completion in example 2
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention also includes other embodiments, and any technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an oil is obeyed low alloy completion instrument and is used quenching and tempering round steel which characterized in that: the round steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.38-0.43%, Si: 0.15 to 0.35%, Mn: 0.75-1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, Cr: 0.80-1.10%, Mo: 0.15 to 0.25%, Ni: 0.30-0.40%, Cu: 0.15-0.30%, Alt: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The quenched and tempered round steel for the oil production low-alloy completion tool according to claim 1, wherein the quenched and tempered round steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the diameter of the round steel reaches 266.7mm, the round steel is sampled and tested at the position which is half of the radius away from the surface of the bar, the yield strength is more than or equal to 125KSI, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 140KSI, the elongation is more than or equal to 10%, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 35%, the Charpy longitudinal and transverse impact energy at 0 ℃ is more than or equal to 20ft-lbs, and the hardness of the surface and half of the radius is within the range of 32-38 HRC.
3. The quenched and tempered round steel for the oil production low-alloy completion tool according to claim 1, wherein the quenched and tempered round steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the metallographic structure of the round steel is a quenched and tempered structure with uniform sorbite as a main component, and the actual grain size reaches 8.0-9.5 grades.
4. The method for manufacturing the quenched and tempered round steel for the oil production low-alloy completion tool according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) smelting raw materials are sequentially subjected to KR molten iron pretreatment, converter BOF or electric furnace EAF smelting, LF furnace refining and RH or VD furnace vacuum degassing to produce molten steel, and phi 600mm continuous casting round billet or 390 multiplied by 510mm continuous casting rectangular billet is cast by adopting low superheat degree;
2) the continuous casting billet is heated to 500 ℃ in 350-plus-one mode into a stepping steel rolling heating furnace, a sectional type slow uniform heating mode is adopted, the temperature of a preheating section is 650-plus-one temperature of 800 ℃, the temperature of a heating section is 800-plus-one temperature, the temperature of a heating section is 950-plus-one temperature of 1200 ℃, and the temperature of a soaking section is 1210-plus-one temperature of 1260 ℃;
3) after the casting blank is taken out of the heating furnace, high-pressure water descaling treatment is firstly carried out, then graded rolling is carried out, rolling is carried out at the temperature of 1160 ℃ in the rough rolling stage 1110-; the finish rolling temperature in the middle finish rolling stage is more than or equal to 980 ℃, the total compression ratio of steel is more than or equal to 100%, and the steel is rolled into round steel bars;
4) after the bar is rolled, normalizing, quenching and tempering treatment are carried out in a roller-hearth continuous heat treatment furnace to obtain a uniform sorbite-based hardened and tempered structure.
5. The manufacturing method of the quenched and tempered round steel for the oil production low-alloy completion tool according to claim 4, wherein the quenching and tempered round steel comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the secondary cooling section in the continuous casting process uses weak cooling intensity, the cooling intensity of secondary cooling water is not more than 0.3l/kg, and the phenomenon that the columnar crystal with overlarge intensity is accelerated to grow and reduce the isometric crystal proportion is avoided; pouring at a low drawing speed, wherein the standard drawing speed is not more than 0.55 m/min; and a continuous casting solidification model is adopted to guide an electromagnetic stirring and soft reduction treatment technology, the maximum reduction under soft reduction is not more than 12mm, the low segregation of a casting blank is realized, and an ideal as-cast structure guarantee is provided for the performance uniformity of the final quenched and tempered steel.
6. The manufacturing method of the quenched and tempered round steel for the oil production low-alloy completion tool according to claim 4, wherein the quenching and tempered round steel comprises the following steps: the normalizing heating temperature in the step 4) is 900-.
7. The manufacturing method of the quenched and tempered round steel for the oil production low-alloy completion tool according to claim 4, wherein the quenching and tempered round steel comprises the following steps: the austenitizing temperature of quenching treatment in the step 4) is 870-.
8. The manufacturing method of the quenched and tempered round steel for the oil production low-alloy completion tool according to claim 4, wherein the quenching and tempered round steel comprises the following steps: the tempering heating temperature of the tempering treatment in the step 4) is 600-700 ℃, the tempering furnace adopts a zoned furnace temperature fine control system and a monitoring technology to ensure the furnace temperature precision within +/-5 ℃, the heat treatment performance uniformity of the steel is ensured, the tempering time is ensured to be more than 240min according to the specification size of the bar, and the bar is cooled to the room temperature after being taken out of the furnace, so as to obtain the uniform sorbite-based hardened and tempered structure.
9. The manufacturing method of the quenched and tempered round steel for the oil production low-alloy completion tool according to claim 4, wherein the quenching and tempered round steel comprises the following steps: the continuous roller hearth furnaces for normalizing, quenching and tempering adopt natural gas self-preheating burner flame heating, and simultaneously, the grating signals are utilized to control the heating stepping speed and the cooling stepping speed of the heat treatment.
10. The manufacturing method of the quenched and tempered round steel for the oil production low-alloy completion tool according to claim 7, wherein the quenching and tempering round steel comprises the following steps: step 4), the high-pressure and low-pressure quenching water ring sectional cooling is specifically that the cooling is carried out quickly at the temperature of more than 400 ℃, the cooling is carried out slowly at the temperature of no more than 400 ℃, the cooling water pressure and the cooling water flow are controlled to realize quick and slow cooling, the water pressure of a high-pressure section is more than 10bar, and the water flow is more than 45 cubic meters per hour; the water pressure of the low-pressure section is not more than 5bar, and the water flow is not more than 30 cubic meters per hour.
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