CN113024961B - Nano graphite extrusion molding insulation board and preparation process and device thereof - Google Patents

Nano graphite extrusion molding insulation board and preparation process and device thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113024961B
CN113024961B CN202011564414.9A CN202011564414A CN113024961B CN 113024961 B CN113024961 B CN 113024961B CN 202011564414 A CN202011564414 A CN 202011564414A CN 113024961 B CN113024961 B CN 113024961B
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cleaning
screw
main body
ring
screw rod
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CN113024961A (en
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高柒龙
纪建
田建修
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Shandong Pengcai Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Shandong Pengcai Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/08—Supercritical fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08J2325/06—Polystyrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2471/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2471/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
    • C08J2471/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
    • C08J2471/12—Polyphenylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/16—Solid spheres
    • C08K7/18—Solid spheres inorganic

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of building materials, and particularly relates to a nano graphite extrusion molding insulation board and a preparation process and a device thereof. The invention relates to a nano graphite extrusion molding insulation board, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polystyrene, 20-30 parts of polyphenyl ether, 5-20 parts of graphite, 1-5 parts of color master batch, 0.1-1 part of fluxing agent and 10-15 parts of foaming agent; the graphite is graphite sphere with the grain diameter of 100nm-1 μm. The heat-insulating board obtained by the invention is not easy to bend and damage, the flame retardant property is obviously improved, the moisture permeability coefficient of water vapor is lower, the waterproof effect is good, and the dimensional stability is high.

Description

Nano graphite extrusion molding insulation board and preparation process and device thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building materials, and particularly relates to a nano graphite extrusion molding insulation board and a preparation process and a device thereof.
Background
An extrusion molding heat-insulating board, namely an extrusion molding polystyrene heat-insulating board, is a foaming rigid plastic board formed by taking polystyrene resin as a raw material, adding other polymers and heating and extruding. The extruded insulation board is widely applied to the building industry due to the characteristics of extremely low water absorbability (almost no water absorbability), low thermal conductivity, high compression resistance, ageing resistance and the like, but the extruded insulation board is high in strength, so that the board is brittle and not easy to bend, and when stress concentration exists on the board, the board is easy to damage and crack. In addition, the flame retardant property of the existing extrusion molding heat insulation board needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the nano graphite extrusion molding heat-insulating plate and the preparation process and the device thereof, and the defects of high strength and easiness in bending of the extrusion molding heat-insulating plate can be effectively overcome by adopting the invention.
The invention relates to a nano graphite extrusion molding insulation board, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polystyrene, 20-30 parts of polyphenyl ether, 5-20 parts of graphite, 1-5 parts of color master batch, 0.1-1 part of fluxing agent and 10-15 parts of foaming agent; the graphite is graphite sphere with the grain diameter of 100nm-1 μm.
The fluxing agent is aluminum oxide, and is used for improving the defect of poor melt fluidity of the polyphenyl ether, so that the polyphenyl ether is easy to process and form.
The mass ratio of the polystyrene to the polyphenyl ether is 4:1.
The foaming agent is liquid carbon dioxide.
The preparation method of the nano graphite extrusion molding insulation board comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the materials according to a proportion for standby;
(2) Adding polyphenyl ether and a fluxing agent into a double-screw extruder, melting, adding part of polystyrene into the mixture, melting and mixing;
(3) Injecting a foaming agent into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) Adding the rest polystyrene, the color master batch and the graphite into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(5) And (3) injecting the materials into a mould, and cutting and packaging after molding.
The mass ratio of the polystyrene in the step (2) to the polystyrene in the step (4) is 1:1.
In the step (2), the melting temperature is 250-270 ℃ and the pressure is 15-20MPa.
The melting temperature in the step (4) is 220-250 ℃ and the pressure is 10-20MPa.
Preferably, the double-screw extruder comprises a motor and an extruder main body, wherein a screw cavity is formed in the extruder main body, a first screw rod and a second screw rod are rotationally arranged in the screw cavity, and one end of the first screw rod and one end of the second screw rod penetrate out of the extruder main body and are rotationally connected with the extruder main body; the first screw rod penetrates out of the extruder main body to be sleeved with a first gear and is connected with the motor, the second screw rod penetrates out of the extruder main body to be sleeved with a second gear, and the first gear is meshed with the second gear; further comprises:
the cleaning ring is provided with left cleaning felts and right cleaning felts at two sides, the cleaning ring further comprises an inner ring cleaning felt and a screw rod cleaning felt, and the cleaning ring is sleeved on the first screw rod and the second screw rod;
the pushing cylinder is fixedly connected with the extruder main body, the pushing cylinder is connected with a pushing rod, the pushing rod penetrates through the extruder main body and is in sliding connection with the extruder main body, and the pushing rod is arranged on the right side of the cleaning ring;
the stirring cylinder is hinged with the extruder main body, the stirring cylinder is hinged with a shifting fork, a through hole is formed in the extruder main body, the shifting fork is arranged in the through hole, a sliding groove is formed in the shifting fork, the extruder main body is connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, the shifting fork is arranged on the left side of the cleaning ring, and in an initial state, the shifting fork is in contact with the cleaning ring and used for limiting the cleaning ring to move in the horizontal direction.
And the controller is used for controlling the integral operation of the device, and the motor, the poking cylinder and the pushing cylinder are connected with the controller.
Preferably, the screw cleaning felt is arranged between the inner ring cleaning felt and the left cleaning felt, the left cleaning felt is arranged between the screw cleaning felt and the right cleaning felt, and the screw cleaning felt is also connected with a magnet.
Preferably, the outer wall of the extruder main body is also connected with a front Hall switch and a rear Hall switch, and the front Hall switch and the rear Hall switch are connected with the controller.
Preferably, the extruder main body is connected with a hopper, the hopper is communicated with the screw cavity, a hopper sensor is arranged in the hopper, and the hopper sensor is connected with the controller.
Preferably, the extruder main body is further provided with a discharge hole, the discharge hole is communicated with the screw cavity, and the extruder main body is further connected with a heating ring.
After the extrusion work is finished, the double-screw extruder can be cleaned automatically, and the steps are as follows:
s1, after the extruder finishes extrusion work, a motor stops working, a controller controls a poking cylinder to start to drive a poking fork to rotate, and the poking fork moves upwards under the action of a rotating shaft and is separated from a cleaning ring;
s2: the controller controls the toggle air cylinder to stop working, the pushing air cylinder starts working, the pushing air cylinder pushes the pushing rod to move leftwards, the pushing rod pushes the cleaning ring to move leftwards by a specified distance, the controller controls the pushing air cylinder to stop working, and the motor starts working;
s3: the controller controls the motor to rotate for a designated time, the cleaning ring moves to the left ends of the first screw rod and the second screw rod under the action of the first screw rod and the second screw rod, then the controller controls the motor to rotate reversely for a designated time, the cleaning ring moves to an initial position, and in the process, the cleaning ring completes the cleaning work of residual materials on the first screw rod and the second screw rod;
s4: the controller controls the motor to stop working, the air cylinder is stirred to start working, the shifting fork is driven to rotate, the shifting fork is enabled to move downwards to an initial position under the action of the rotating shaft, and the shifting fork is in contact with the cleaning ring, so that the cleaning work of the extruder is completed.
Preferably, in the step S1, when the hopper sensor detects that there is no material in the hopper, the hopper sensor transmits a corresponding signal to the controller, and the controller delays T 1 And then, the controller controls the toggle cylinder to start.
Preferably, in step S3, the controller controls the motor to rotate, so that the cleaning ring moves leftwards, and when the cleaning ring moves to the front hall switch position, the front hall switch detects the cleaning ring position and transmits a corresponding signal to the controller under the action of the magnet, and the controller controls the motor to rotate reversely.
Preferably, the motor is reversed to drive the cleaning ring to move rightwards, when the cleaning ring moves to the position of the rear Hall switch, the rear Hall switch detects the position of the cleaning ring and transmits corresponding signals to the controller under the action of the magnet, and the controller controls the motor to stop working and toggles the cylinder to start working.
Preferably, when the cleaning ring needs to be replaced, the controller controls the toggle cylinder and the pushing cylinder to start, the toggle cylinder drives the shifting fork to rotate, the shifting fork moves upwards, the shifting fork is separated from the cleaning ring, then the pushing cylinder pushes the pushing rod to move leftwards for a specified distance, and then the pushing cylinder drives the shifting fork to move downwards, and the shifting fork toggles the cleaning ring downwards, so that the cleaning ring falls into the cavity of the screw rod.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) In the invention, the polyphenyl ether has excellent mechanical strength, stress relaxation resistance, creep resistance, heat resistance, water vapor resistance and dimensional stability. The electric performance is good in a wide temperature and frequency range, the water supplementing section is low, the molding shrinkage is small, and the flame-retardant and self-extinguishing performance is realized. The polystyrene and the polyphenyl ether have good compatibility, and the physical properties of the blend can be linearly added, so that the polymer blend integrating the excellent properties of the polystyrene and the polyphenyl ether is obtained. The insulation board obtained by the invention is not easy to be bent and damaged, and the flame retardant property is obviously improved.
(2) The invention adopts graphite microspheres, regular spherical pores are formed in the heat insulation plate, and stress concentration points are not existed, so that the damage and cracking of the plate are effectively avoided.
(3) According to the invention, through the cleaning ring, the left cleaning felt is attached to the rear surface of the spiral, the right cleaning felt is attached to the front surface of the spiral, the inner ring is used for cleaning the cavity surface of the screw rod, the screw rod is used for cleaning the main body of the screw rod, the structure is reasonable, the efficiency and the quality of screw rod cleaning are improved, and the operation is simple.
(4) According to the invention, the materials in the hopper are detected through the hopper sensor, and after the materials are processed, the hopper sensor transmits corresponding signals to the controller, so that the controller can conveniently control the cleaning ring to perform cleaning work in time.
(5) According to the invention, the shifting fork driven by the shifting cylinder is used for realizing the relative fixation of the positions of the cleaning rings, and the shifting fork is used for pushing the cylinder to push the cleaning rings to move leftwards, so that the spiral rod is convenient to drive the cleaning rings to move.
(6) According to the invention, through the Hall switch, the Hall switch is matched with the magnet and is used for detecting the position of the cleaning ring, so that the controller can conveniently control the moving direction of the cleaning ring, and after the cleaning ring finishes cleaning work, the controller can conveniently control the poking cylinder, so that the relative fixing of the position of the cleaning ring is realized.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an overall front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an overall top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the portion A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the portion B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cleaning ring structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a purge ring configuration of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1 front hall switch; 2 an extruder body; 3 a first screw rod; 4, heating the ring; 5, pushing an air cylinder; 6, a speed reducer; 7, a motor; 8, a hopper; 9, a rear Hall switch; a hopper sensor 10; 11 shifting forks; 12, poking a cylinder; 13 pushing the pad; 14 pushing the rod; 15 magnets; 16 a second screw; cleaning felt on the left side of the 17; 18 cleaning the ring; 19 cleaning felt by an inner ring; cleaning felt by a 20-screw; cleaning felt on the right side of the roller 21; 22 a first gear; 23 a second gear; 24 screw cavities; 25 spindle.
Detailed Description
Process example 1
The nano graphite extruded insulation board comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polystyrene, 25 parts of polyphenyl ether, 20 parts of graphite, 3 parts of color master batch, 0.2 part of fluxing agent and 10 parts of foaming agent; the graphite is graphite sphere, and the particle size is 100nm-300nm.
The fluxing agent is aluminum oxide.
The foaming agent is liquid carbon dioxide.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the materials according to a proportion for standby;
(2) Adding polyphenyl ether and a fluxing agent into a double-screw extruder, melting, adding part of polystyrene into the mixture, melting and mixing;
(3) Injecting a foaming agent into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) Adding the rest polystyrene, the color master batch and the graphite into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(5) And (3) injecting the materials into a mould, and cutting and packaging after molding.
The mass ratio of the polystyrene in the step (2) to the polystyrene in the step (4) is 1:1.
In the step (2), the melting temperature is 250 ℃ and the pressure is 20MPa.
In the step (4), the melting temperature is 220 ℃ and the pressure is 20MPa.
Process example 2
The nano graphite extruded insulation board comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polystyrene, 20 parts of polyphenyl ether, 5 parts of graphite, 5 parts of color master batch, 0.1 part of fluxing agent and 15 parts of foaming agent; the graphite is graphite sphere, and the particle size is 500nm-800nm.
The fluxing agent is aluminum oxide.
The foaming agent is liquid carbon dioxide.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the materials according to a proportion for standby;
(2) Adding polyphenyl ether and a fluxing agent into a double-screw extruder, melting, adding part of polystyrene into the mixture, melting and mixing;
(3) Injecting a foaming agent into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) Adding the rest polystyrene, the color master batch and the graphite into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(5) And (3) injecting the materials into a mould, and cutting and packaging after molding.
The mass ratio of the polystyrene in the step (2) to the polystyrene in the step (4) is 1:1.
In the step (2), the melting temperature is 260 ℃ and the pressure is 15MPa.
In the step (4), the melting temperature is 250 ℃ and the pressure is 10MPa.
Process example 3
The nano graphite extruded insulation board comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polystyrene, 30 parts of polyphenyl ether, 10 parts of graphite, 1 part of color master batch, 0.5 part of fluxing agent and 12 parts of foaming agent; the graphite is graphite sphere with the grain diameter of 100nm-1 μm.
The fluxing agent is aluminum oxide.
The foaming agent is liquid carbon dioxide.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the materials according to a proportion for standby;
(2) Adding polyphenyl ether and a fluxing agent into a double-screw extruder, melting, adding part of polystyrene into the mixture, melting and mixing;
(3) Injecting a foaming agent into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) Adding the rest polystyrene, the color master batch and the graphite into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(5) And (3) injecting the materials into a mould, and cutting and packaging after molding.
The mass ratio of the polystyrene in the step (2) to the polystyrene in the step (4) is 2:3.
In the step (2), the melting temperature is 270 ℃ and the pressure is 17MPa.
In the step (4), the melting temperature is 230 ℃ and the pressure is 15MPa.
Process example 4
The nano graphite extruded insulation board comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polystyrene, 25 parts of polyphenyl ether, 15 parts of graphite, 4 parts of color master batch, 0.7 part of fluxing agent and 14 parts of foaming agent; the graphite is graphite sphere with the particle size of 300nm-500nm.
The fluxing agent is aluminum oxide.
The foaming agent is liquid carbon dioxide.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the materials according to a proportion for standby;
(2) Adding polyphenyl ether and a fluxing agent into a double-screw extruder, melting, adding part of polystyrene into the mixture, melting and mixing;
(3) Injecting a foaming agent into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) Adding the rest polystyrene, the color master batch and the graphite into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(5) And (3) injecting the materials into a mould, and cutting and packaging after molding.
The mass ratio of the polystyrene in the step (2) to the polystyrene in the step (4) is 1:1.
In the step (2), the melting temperature is 250 ℃ and the pressure is 18MPa.
In the step (4), the melting temperature is 240 ℃ and the pressure is 20MPa.
Device example 1
As shown in fig. 1-6, this embodiment provides an automatically cleanable twin-screw extruder, which includes an extruder main body 2, wherein the extruder main body 2 is fixedly connected with a motor 7, and a screw cavity 24 is provided in the extruder main body 2. The extruder body 2 is also connected with a controller for controlling the overall operation of the device.
The first screw rod 3 and the second screw rod 16 are rotatably arranged in the screw cavity 24, and one end of the first screw rod 3 and one end of the second screw rod 16 penetrate out of the extruder main body 2 and are rotatably connected with the extruder main body 2. The first screw rod 3 is sleeved with a first gear 22 which penetrates out of the extruder main body 2, the first gear 22 is fixedly connected with the first screw rod 3, the second screw rod 16 is sleeved with a second gear 23 which penetrates out of the extruder main body 2, the second gear 23 is fixedly connected with the second screw rod 16, and the first gear 22 and the second gear 23 are in meshed connection.
The motor 7 is connected with the part of the first screw rod 3 penetrating out of the extruder main body 2 through the speed reducer 6, the motor 7 drives the first screw rod 3 to rotate, and the second screw rod 16 is driven to rotate through the second gear 23 meshed with the first gear 22, wherein the first screw rod 3 and the second screw rod 16 are arranged on the same horizontal plane, so that the operation of the extruder is facilitated. The extruder main body 2 is also connected with a heating ring 4, the heating ring 4 and a motor 7 are connected with a controller, and the heating ring 4 is used for heating, so that the processing of materials is facilitated.
The extruder main body 2 is connected with a hopper 8, the hopper 8 is communicated with a screw cavity 24, a hopper sensor 10 is arranged in the hopper 8, the hopper sensor 10 is connected with a controller, and the hopper sensor 10 is used for detecting the material condition in the hopper 8 and transmitting corresponding signals to the controller. The extruder body 2 is also provided with a discharge port which is communicated with the screw cavity 24 and is used for discharging extruded materials.
Further comprises: the cleaning ring 18, cleaning ring 18 left side is provided with left side cleaning felt 17, and cleaning ring 18 right side is provided with right side cleaning felt 21, and cleaning ring 18 still includes inner ring cleaning felt 19 and screw rod cleaning felt 20, and cleaning ring 18 cover is established at first screw rod 3 and second screw rod 16.
The screw cleaning felt 20 is arranged between the inner ring cleaning felt 19 and the left cleaning felt 17, the left cleaning felt 17 is arranged between the screw cleaning felt 20 and the right cleaning felt 21, and the screw cleaning felt 20 is also connected with a magnet 15. Wherein the left cleaning felt 17, the right cleaning felt 21, the inner ring cleaning felt 19 and the screw cleaning felt 20 are all provided with two and are symmetrical in center.
Wherein behind the spiral of left side clearance felt 17 laminating two hob, behind the spiral of right side clearance felt 21 laminating two hob, the inner ring clearance felt 19 clearance two hob's screw cavity face, screw rod clearance felt 20 clearance two hob's screw rod main part, rational in infrastructure does benefit to improvement hob clearance's efficiency and quality.
The pushing cylinder 5, pushing cylinder 5 and extruder main part 2 fixed connection, pushing cylinder 5 are connected with push rod 14, push rod 14 runs through extruder main part 2 and with extruder main part 2 sliding connection, the one end that push rod 14 is located the screw rod intracavity 24 is connected with the push pad 13, push rod 14 sets up on the clearance ring 18 right side.
The pushing cylinder 5 is connected with the controller, the pushing cylinder 5 drives the pushing rod 14 to move, and then drives the cleaning ring 18 to move in the horizontal direction, the pushing cylinder 5 is used for giving an initial acting force to the cleaning ring 18, so that the cleaning ring 18 is attached to the spiral parts of the first spiral rod 3 and the second spiral rod 16, and the cleaning ring 18 is conveniently driven to move by the follow-up first spiral rod 3 and the second spiral rod 16.
Toggle cylinder 12, toggle cylinder 12 and extruder main part 2 are articulated, toggle cylinder 12 articulates has shift fork 11, and the through-hole has been seted up to extruder main part 2, and shift fork 11 sets up in this through-hole, and the spout has been seted up to shift fork 11, and extruder main part 2 is connected with pivot 25, and pivot 25 slides and sets up in this spout, and shift fork 11 sets up in clearance ring 18 left side.
The electric toggle cylinder 12 and the pushing cylinder 5 are connected with the controller, and the rotating shaft 25 is used for limiting the movement direction of the shifting fork 11, so that the shifting fork 11 can move up and down through the through hole of the extruder main body 2; in the initial state, the shifting fork 11 contacts with the cleaning ring 18 for limiting the movement of the cleaning ring 18 in the horizontal direction, and when the extruder is operated, the cleaning ring 18 cannot move in the horizontal direction due to the limitation of the shifting fork 11, so that the cleaning ring 18 is prevented from influencing the normal operation of the device.
The outer wall of the extruder main body 2 is also connected with a front Hall switch 1 and a rear Hall switch 9, and the front Hall switch 1 and the rear Hall switch 9 are connected with a controller; the front Hall switch 1 is arranged at the left side of the extruder main body 2, and the rear Hall switch 9 is arranged at the right side of the extruder main body 2; the front hall switch 1 and the rear hall switch 9 cooperate with the magnet 15 on the purge ring 18 for detecting the position of the purge ring 18 within the screw cavity 24.
The invention also provides a cleaning method, which adopts the double-screw extruder capable of automatically cleaning, and comprises the following steps:
s1, after the extruder finishes extrusion, a motor 7 stops working, a controller controls a poking cylinder 12 to start to drive a poking fork 11 to rotate, the poking fork 11 moves upwards under the action of a rotating shaft 25, the poking fork 11 is separated from a cleaning ring 18, and the poking fork 11 does not limit the movement of the cleaning ring 18 any more;
s2: the controller controls the toggle cylinder 12 to stop working, the pushing cylinder 5 starts working, the pushing cylinder 5 pushes the pushing rod 14 to move leftwards, the pushing rod 14 pushes the cleaning ring 18 to move leftwards by a specified distance, the controller controls the pushing cylinder 5 to stop working, and the motor 7 starts working;
s3: the controller controls the motor 7 to rotate for a designated time, the cleaning ring 18 moves to the left ends of the first screw rod 3 and the second screw rod 16 under the action of the first screw rod 3 and the second screw rod 16, then the controller controls the motor 7 to rotate reversely for a designated time, the cleaning ring 18 moves to an initial position, and in the process, the cleaning ring 18 completes the cleaning work of the residual materials on the first screw rod 3 and the second screw rod 16;
s4: the controller controls the motor 7 to stop working, the poking cylinder 12 starts working and drives the poking fork 11 to rotate, the poking fork 11 moves downwards to the initial position under the action of the rotating shaft 25, and the poking fork 11 contacts with the cleaning ring 18, so that the cleaning work of the extruder is completed.
In step S1, when the hopper sensor 10 detects that there is no material in the hopper 8, the hopper sensor 10 transmits a corresponding signal to the controller, and after the controller delays T1, the controller controls the toggle cylinder 12 to start, thereby realizing the automatic cleaning operation.
In step S3, the controller controls the motor 7 to rotate, so that the cleaning ring 18 moves leftwards, and when the cleaning ring 18 moves to the position of the front hall switch 1, the front hall switch 1 detects the position of the cleaning ring 18 and transmits a corresponding signal to the controller under the action of the magnet 15, and the controller controls the motor 7 to rotate reversely.
Under the action of the first screw rod 3 and the second screw rod 16, the motor 7 reversely rotates to drive the cleaning ring 18 to move rightwards, when the cleaning ring 18 moves to the position of the rear Hall switch 9, the rear Hall switch 9 detects the position of the cleaning ring 18 and transmits corresponding signals to the controller under the action of the magnet 15, and the controller controls the motor 7 to stop working and toggles the air cylinder 12 to start working.
When the cleaning ring 18 needs to be replaced, the controller controls the toggle cylinder 12 and the pushing cylinder 5 to be started, the toggle cylinder 12 drives the shifting fork 11 to rotate, the shifting fork 11 moves upwards, the shifting fork 11 is separated from the cleaning ring 18, the shifting fork 11 does not limit the movement of the cleaning ring 18 any more, then the pushing cylinder 5 pushes the pushing rod 14 to move leftwards for a specified distance, the cleaning ring 18 moves below the shifting fork 11, then the pushing cylinder 5 drives the shifting fork 11 to move downwards, and the shifting fork 11 dials the cleaning ring 18 downwards, so that the cleaning ring 18 falls into the screw cavity 24.
Because of the heating ring 4, the extruder is at a relatively high temperature during operation, and because of the nature of the material itself, it is not possible to directly contact the material, so it is important to control the purge ring 18 to drop into the screw cavity 24 by the controller. Wherein the right side of the extruder body 2 is provided with an openable door which is opened, and when the purge ring 18 falls into the screw cavity 24, a new purge ring 18 is fitted over the first screw 3 and the second screw 16, thereby completing the replacement work of the purge ring 18, and the purge ring 18 is constructed as shown in fig. 5. Wherein the cleaning ring 18 is made of flexible material, and when in installation, the upper ends of the cleaning ring 18 are in adhesive connection, and the cleaning ring 18 is sleeved on the first screw rod 3 and the second screw rod 16 by separating the upper ends of the cleaning ring 18, and then the upper ends of the cleaning ring 18 are adhered, so that the fixing of the cleaning ring 18 is realized.
Comparative example 1
The nano graphite extruded insulation board comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polystyrene, 20 parts of graphite, 3 parts of color masterbatch, 0.2 part of fluxing agent and 10 parts of foaming agent; the graphite is graphite sphere, and the particle size is 100nm-300nm.
The fluxing agent is aluminum oxide.
The foaming agent is liquid carbon dioxide.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the materials according to a proportion for standby;
(2) Adding a fluxing agent into a double-screw extruder, melting, adding part of polystyrene into the melted fluxing agent, melting and mixing;
(3) Injecting a foaming agent into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) Adding the rest polystyrene, the color master batch and the graphite into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(5) And (3) injecting the materials into a mould, and cutting and packaging after molding.
The mass ratio of the polystyrene in the step (2) to the polystyrene in the step (4) is 1:1.
In the step (2), the melting temperature is 250 ℃ and the pressure is 20MPa.
In the step (4), the melting temperature is 220 ℃ and the pressure is 20MPa.
Comparative example 2
The nano graphite extruded insulation board comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polystyrene, 25 parts of polyphenyl ether, 20 parts of graphite, 3 parts of color master batch, 0.2 part of fluxing agent and 10 parts of foaming agent; the graphite is graphite particles.
The fluxing agent is aluminum oxide.
The foaming agent is liquid carbon dioxide.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the materials according to a proportion for standby;
(2) Adding polyphenyl ether and a fluxing agent into a double-screw extruder, melting, adding part of polystyrene into the mixture, melting and mixing;
(3) Injecting a foaming agent into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) Adding the rest polystyrene, the color master batch and the graphite into a double-screw extruder, and uniformly mixing;
(5) And (3) injecting the materials into a mould, and cutting and packaging after molding.
The mass ratio of the polystyrene in the step (2) to the polystyrene in the step (4) is 1:1.
In the step (2), the melting temperature is 250 ℃ and the pressure is 20MPa.
In the step (4), the melting temperature is 220 ℃ and the pressure is 20MPa.
The performance indexes of the insulation board obtained by the embodiment and the comparative example are as follows:
performance index Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
Bending strength/kpa 435 425 429 432 352 413
Dimensional stability/% 0.1 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.5 0.2
Combustion classification/stage B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1
Moisture permeability coefficient of water vapor/(ng/Pa.m.s) 1.13 1.21 1.18 1.15 1.54 1.22
As can be seen from the data in the table, the heat-insulating board obtained by the invention is not easy to bend and damage, the flame retardant property is obviously improved, the moisture permeability coefficient of water vapor is lower, the waterproof effect is good, and the dimensional stability is high.

Claims (2)

1. The production device of the nano graphite extrusion molding insulation board comprises a double-screw extruder, and is characterized in that the double-screw extruder comprises a motor (7), an extruder main body (2), a screw cavity (24) is arranged in the extruder main body (2),
a first screw rod (3) and a second screw rod (16) are rotationally arranged in the screw rod cavity (24), and one end of the first screw rod (3) and one end of the second screw rod (16) penetrate out of the extruder main body (2) and are rotationally connected with the extruder main body (2); the part of the first screw rod (3) penetrating out of the extruder main body (2) is sleeved with a first gear (22) and is connected with the motor (7), the part of the second screw rod (16) penetrating out of the extruder main body (2) is sleeved with a second gear (23), and the first gear (22) is in meshed connection with the second gear (23); further comprises:
the cleaning ring (18), cleaning ring (18) both sides are provided with left side cleaning felt (17) and right side cleaning felt (21), cleaning ring (18) still include inner ring cleaning felt (19) and screw rod cleaning felt (20), cleaning ring (18) cover is established first hob (3) and second hob (16);
the pushing cylinder (5), the pushing cylinder (5) is fixedly connected with the extruder main body (2), the pushing cylinder (5) is connected with a pushing rod (14), the pushing rod (14) penetrates through the extruder main body (2) and is in sliding connection with the extruder main body (2), and the pushing rod (14) is arranged on the right side of the cleaning ring (18);
the stirring cylinder (12), stirring cylinder (12) with extruder main part (2) are articulated, stirring cylinder (12) articulates has shift fork (11), the through-hole has been seted up to extruder main part (2), shift fork (11) set up in this through-hole, the spout has been seted up to shift fork (11), extruder main part (2) are connected with pivot (25), pivot (25) slide and set up in this spout, shift fork (11) set up in clearance ring (18) left side, under the initial state, shift fork (11) with clearance ring (18) contact for restriction clearance ring (18) horizontal direction removes;
the controller is connected with the extruder main body (2), and the motor (7), the stirring cylinder (12) and the pushing cylinder (5) are connected with the controller.
2. The nano-graphite extruded insulation board production device according to claim 1, wherein the screw cleaning felt (20) is arranged between the inner ring cleaning felt (19) and the left cleaning felt (17), the left cleaning felt (17) is arranged between the screw cleaning felt (20) and the right cleaning felt (21), and the screw cleaning felt (20) is further connected with a magnet (15).
CN202011564414.9A 2020-12-25 2020-12-25 Nano graphite extrusion molding insulation board and preparation process and device thereof Active CN113024961B (en)

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